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Zhang Y, Sun J, Wu C, Fei Y, Hu W, Lang H. Comparing the effectiveness of mind-body practices (MBPs) and various psychological methods on occupational stress among healthcare workers: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:962. [PMID: 39169332 PMCID: PMC11337641 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of mind-body practices (MBPs) and multiple psychological methods, and identify the optimal method for relieving work-related stress among healthcare workers (HCWs) by network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS We applied six electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify relevant RCTs from inception to September 16, 2023, and implemented a search strategy based on the PICOS principles. Data selection, extraction, and analysis of bias were carried out independently and in duplicate by separate researchers. State 16.0 was used to conduct NMA for comparing the effectiveness of various therapies. RESULTS We identified 23 studies including MBPs and three different psychological therapies, namely mindfulness-related therapy (MRT), psychoeducational therapy (PT), and comprehensive therapy (CT), which were divided into eleven specific techniques, namely yoga, meditation techniques (MT), Qigong, muscle relaxation(MR), biofeedback therapy (BT), mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-M), mindfulness-based interventions combined with others (MBIs-C), mindfulness-based awareness(MBA), PT and CT. Our NMA results of MBPs and three psychological therapies showed MBPs (SMD = -0.90, CrI:-1.26, -0.05, SUCRA = 99%) were effective for occupational stress in HCWs, followed by MRT(SMD = -0.48, CrI:-0.87, -0.08, SUCRA = 66.5%). NMA results of eleven specific techniques showed yoga (SMD = 1.36, CrI:0.91, 1.81, SUCRA = 97.5%) was the most effective technique in relieving the stress of HCWs, followed by MR (SMD = 1.36, CrI:0.91, 1.81, SUCRA = 87.3%). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested MBPs may be the most effective intervention to improve the occupational stress of HCWs. Furthermore, yoga is likely to be the most optimal of MBPs. Hospital managers should attach importance to yoga in addressing occupational stress among medical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, No. 1 Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yue Fei
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, No. 4 Jinhua North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Hongjuan Lang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Jamous M, Biéchy JP, Fautrelle L. A 6-minute protocol, combining mental imagery practices and breathing exercises, promotes hand-grip strength in firefighters: a series of "N-of-1" trials. Work 2024:WOR230153. [PMID: 39031419 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To carry out their victim rescue and fire-fighting missions, firefighters perform high levels of physical exertion and among them strenuous muscular activity. A specific mental preparation protocol that could induce better strength performance throughout their 24-hour schedule is a major issue for firefighters. OBJECTIVE This case report aims to examine whether a 6-minute Intervention combining mental imagery practices and breathing exercises, specifically designed to be used while travelling between the fire station and the mission site, would be able to promote maximum strength performance. METHODS A series of three Single Case Experimental Designs (SCED) was conducted in single blind design to investigate the effects of repeated challenge-withdrawals between the Intervention and the Baseline on the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength of the hand-grip. RESULTS Data analyses revealed that 62.5% to 100% of the hand-grip strength values during the Intervention periods were greater than or equal to the maximum data point recorded in the Baseline periods. The effect sizes of these highlighted increases of the hand-grip strength performance revealed by the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) were 75% i.e., moderately effective on average. CONCLUSIONS Such a "psyching-up" practice before an upcoming muscular activity can promote muscular strength in firefighters. These results have led French firefighter departments to integrate the teaching of these practices into the initial instruction of firefighters, and remains to be confirmed by a randomised control trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jamous
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Institut de formation de Masso-Kinésithérapie, PREFMS, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Biéchy
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Institut National Universitaire Champollion, EIAP, Département STAPS, Campus de Rodez, France
| | - Lilian Fautrelle
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Institut National Universitaire Champollion, EIAP, Département STAPS, Campus de Rodez, France
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Chhajer R, Dagar C. Examining the impact of a restorative breath-based intervention " Sudarshan Kriya Yoga" at work: a field experiment. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1327119. [PMID: 38505368 PMCID: PMC10949861 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1327119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human capital plays a crucial role in the success of an organization and further contributes to the broader goals of growth and development of society. In this regard, it is essential to ensure the well-being of employees at the workplace. Given the positive impact of yoga on psycho-physiological aspects of health, this study aims to examine the impact of a breath-based yogic intervention, Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY), on stress, anxiety, thriving, general health, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being among employees of a leading manufacturing firm in India. Methods Undertaking a randomized-control experiment design (n = 64), we examined the impact of SKY on stress, anxiety, thriving, general health, and emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Two certified instructors conducted the SKY intervention in a retreat format over 3 days. Results The analysis demonstrated positive outcomes across various aspects of participants' well-being, i.e., it significantly reduced their stress and anxiety and increased the levels of thriving, general health, and emotional, social, and psychological well-being. These findings are valuable for understanding the potential benefits of the SKY intervention. Discussion The findings provide support for considering SKY as a potential well-being intervention for employers at the workplace and society at large. Further exploration, implementation, and research in diverse contexts will be crucial to fully understand the long-term impact and scalability of the SKY intervention in promoting holistic well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Chhajer
- Humanities and Social Sciences Area, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India
| | - Chirag Dagar
- XLRI - Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur, India
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Liu H, Wiedman CM, Lovelace-Chandler V, Gong S, Salem Y. Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing-Anatomical and Biomechanical Consideration. J Holist Nurs 2024; 42:90-103. [PMID: 36734111 DOI: 10.1177/08980101221149866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Deep diaphragmatic breathing (DDB) involves slow and fully contraction of the diaphragm with expansion of the belly during inhalation, and slow and fully contraction of the abdominal muscles with reduction of the belly during exhalation. It is the key component of the holistic mind-body exercises commonly used for patients with multimorbidity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to re-visit and address the fundamental anatomical and biomechanical consideration of the DDB with the relevant literature. Method: Peer-reviewed publications from last the 15 years were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Findings: In this article, we described the updated morphological and anatomical characteristics of the diaphragm. Then, we elucidated in a biomechanical approach how and why the DDB can work on the gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems as well as on regulating the intra-abdominopelvic pressure and mind-body interaction to coordinate the diaphragm-pelvic floor-abdominal complex for a variety of physical and physiological activities. Conclusion: Understanding of this updated DDB knowledge may help holistic healthcare professionals including holistic nurses provide better patient education and care management during the DDB or DDB-based mind-body intervention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howe Liu
- Physical Therapy Program, Allen College, Waterloo, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Suzhen Gong
- Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yasser Salem
- Physical Therapy Program, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Bargal S, Nalgirkar V, Patil A, Langade D. Effect of Right Nostril Breathing on Cardiorespiratory Parameters and Reaction Time in Young, Healthy Humans: An Interventional Study. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:303-307. [PMID: 38665441 PMCID: PMC11042120 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_544_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Yogic breathing helps in reduction of stress and strain in the body. Right and left nostril breathings (RNB and LNB, respectively) have different effects on cardiorespiratory parameters. The study was performed to examine the effect of RNB exercise on cardiorespiratory parameters and reaction time in young, healthy human volunteers. Materials and Methods In this prospective, interventional study, 110 young healthy volunteers underwent systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and reaction time (RT) examination before and after 2 weeks of performing 45 min of RNB exercise daily. Results There was notable increment in SBP (113.39 ± 17.72 vs. 117.74 ± 10.83 mmHg, P = 0.002) and DBP (67.64 ± 10.32 vs. 71.27 ± 8.68 mmHg, P = 0.002). PR increased nonsignificantly (86.44 ± 12.65/min vs. 87.32 ± 13.43/min, P = 0.476). Significant decrease in RR (14.40 ± 2.48/min vs. 12.31 ± 2.23/min, P < 0.0001) was observed. VC (3.57 ± 0.57 vs. 3.82 ± 0.55 L/min, P < 0.0001) and PEFR (441.36 ± 50.22 vs. 468.91 ± 53.66 L/min, P < 0.0001) also increased significantly. Substantial reduction in auditory reaction time (ART) (165.58 ± 32.18 vs. 147.42 ± 23.39 ms, P < 0.0001) and visual reaction time (VRT) (191.04 ± 37.94 vs. 165.86 ± 28.74 ms, P < 0.0001) was seen. After engaging in cardiorespiratory exercise, the maximal heart rate (MHR) remained unchanged (P = 0.929). Conclusion RNB results in increase in blood pressure, heart rate, VC, and PEFR and decrease in ART and VRT. Further studies in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases are necessary to understand its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Bargal
- Physiology, D Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Nalgirkar
- Physiology, D Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anant Patil
- Pharmacology, D Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Langade
- Pharmacology, D Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yadav SS, Saoji AA, Somanadhapai S, Yadav NL, Upadhyay J, Rishi NN, Thapa R. Effect of Yoga-based breathing practices on depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100897. [PMID: 38527392 PMCID: PMC10982563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 infection has an impact on the mental state of patients and requires attention to mental health care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Yoga-based breathing practices on the mental state of patients with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted with63 patients (male=46) who were RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 and hospitalized with asymptomatic (RT-PCR positive but no symptoms), mild (febrile, body ache, pharyngitis, nonproductive cough), and moderate (SpO2< 92%) symptoms assigned in the yoga (n=32) and control group (n=31). The study was conducted at Atharva Multispecialty Hospital and Research Center, North India. The yoga group received Yoga-based breathing practices twice a day for ten days in addition to conventional care, and the control group was advised not to do the practice. The Depression Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) and fear of COVID-19 were assessed at baseline and after 10 days. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to assess between and within subjects' effects. RESULTS The experimental group had better scores for depression, anxiety, stress, total DASS scores, and fear of COVID-19 (p<0.001) when compared with the control group. Within the group, analyses demonstrated improved scores in all domains in the yoga group (p<0.001) by the end of the intervention. In contrast, the control group improved only in stress scores (p=0.002), total DASS scores (p=0.012), and fear of COVID-19 (p=0.039). There are no adverse effects seen with Yoga-based breathing practices in these patients. CONCLUSION Yoga-based breathing practices have been found to have positive impact on mental health among COVID-19-positive patients during hospitalization. TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER CTRI CTRI/2022/03/041071 Clinical Trials-Registry in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singh Yadav
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India; Faculty of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, India.
| | | | | | | | - Junu Upadhyay
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Niraj Nayan Rishi
- Maharishi Aurobindo Subharti College and Hospital of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India
| | - Rita Thapa
- Maharishi Aurobindo Subharti College and Hospital of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India
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Giridharan S, Pandiyan B, Kumar NV, Soumian S. Effects of Pranayama on Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review of Clinical Outcomes. Cureus 2024; 16:e54688. [PMID: 38524027 PMCID: PMC10960562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pranayama, a set of yogic breathing techniques, is being studied as a potential supportive care option for cancer patients. This review intends to evaluate the effectiveness of Pranayama in enhancing the quality of life and well-being of cancer patients based on evidence from randomized controlled trials. We thoroughly searched databases for studies published between 2013 and 2023. We focused on randomized controlled trials that compared Pranayama interventions with non-yoga control groups. We assessed the primary outcomes, including psychological well-being, quality of life, physiological parameters, and treatment-related side effects. The review indicates that practicing Pranayama can lead to significant improvements in antioxidant levels, stress, anxiety, sleep quality, and overall quality of life for cancer patients. However, the evidence comes from a limited number of studies, which vary in sample sizes and methodologies. Pranayama shows promise as a complementary therapy for cancer patients, potentially enhancing their well-being and quality of life. Nonetheless, the current evidence base is limited, necessitating further research with larger sample sizes and more rigorous study designs to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvana Pandiyan
- Psychiatry Department, Worcestershire and Herefordshire Health and Care NHS Trust, Hereford, GBR
| | | | - Soni Soumian
- General Surgery Department, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, GBR
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Singh A, Sharma SK, Telles S, Balkrishna A. Traditional Nostril Yoga Breathing Practices and Oxygen Consumption: A Randomized, Cross-over Study. Int J Yoga 2024; 17:53-60. [PMID: 38899139 PMCID: PMC11185434 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_248_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional yoga texts describe "cross nostril breathing," with inhalation and exhalation through different nostrils. Previous research reported no clear differences in oxygen consumption during uninostril breathing (i.e., inhalation and exhalation through the same nostril), hence not supporting right and left uninostril breathing as activating or relaxing, respectively, with no research on oxygen consumed in "cross nostril breathing." Methods Oxygen consumed during "cross nostril breathing" was measured in healthy participants (n = 47, males, 26.3 ± 6.4 years). Five sessions (viz., right nostril inspiration yoga breathing [RNIYB], left nostril inspiration yoga breathing [LNIYB], alternate nostril yoga breathing [ANYB], breath awareness (BAW), and quiet rest (QR) were conducted on separate days in random order. Sessions were 33 min in duration with pre, during, and post states. Results Volume of oxygen consumed (VO2) and carbon dioxide eliminated (VCO2) increased during RNIYB (9.60% in VO2 and 23.52% in VCO2), LNIYB (9.42% in VO2 and 21.20% in VCO2) and ANYB (10.25% in VO2 and 22.72% in VCO2) with no significant change in BAW and QR. Diastolic blood pressure decreased during BAW and QR and after all five sessions (P < 0.05; in all cases). All comparisons were with the respective preceding state. Conclusion During the three yoga breathing practices, the volume of oxygen consumed increased irrespective of the nostril breathed through, possibly associated with (i) conscious regulation of the breath; (ii) attention directed to the breath, and (iii) "respiration-locked cortical activation." Restriction of the study to males reduces the generalizability of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Singh
- Department of Yoga, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Shirley Telles
- Department of Yoga, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Acharya Balkrishna
- Department of Yoga, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Güneş D, Doğan O, Uncu F, Kirkil G, Kirkil C, Aygen E. The Effect of Yoga on Early Clinical Outcomes and Pulmonary Functions in Patients Scheduled for Bariatric Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:163-169. [PMID: 37897640 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present research was undertaken to investigate the effect of yoga on pulmonary function and early clinical outcomes in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research with a randomized control group was performed on patients scheduled for bariatric surgery between October 2021 and June 2022 in the General Surgery Clinic of a University Hospital in Eastern Turkey. The sample consists of 100 randomized patients who received yoga breathing exercises and routine care. Pulmonary function test (PFT), posteroanterior chest X-rays (CXR), 6-min walk test, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were applied as a pretest. The researcher practiced yoga for 40 min every day of the week. Post-test measurements were performed at the end of the yoga practice. Control group patients underwent the tests at the same intervals without any modifications to the standard clinical protocol. RESULTS The difference between the control and experimental groups was significant in terms of post-test PFT measurements (p < 0.001). In the CXR of the patients, a statistically significant improvement was determined in 61.5% of the patients with yoga breathing practice (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant increase in the 6-min walk test and SpO2 values in the experimental group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Yoga practice positively affected the pulmonary function values of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Güneş
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Campus 23100, Elazığ, Turkey.
| | - Oğuz Doğan
- Fırat University Hospital, Campus 23100, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatoş Uncu
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Campus 23100, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gamze Kirkil
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Campus 23100, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Kirkil
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Campus 23100, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Erhan Aygen
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Campus 23100, Elazığ, Turkey
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Mondal S. Proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama: A discussion. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100877. [PMID: 38266536 PMCID: PMC10837615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pranayama, or yogic breathing technique, is now well-known worldwide by ordinary people, doctors, and scientific communities for its immediate and long-term physiological effect. However, no comprehensive physiological mechanisms explained pranayama. The present study proposed these physiological mechanisms to interpret the underlying science behind pranayama. METHOD The author searches PubMed/Medline internet sources for authentic scientific data and articles to acquire evidence following specific keywords. The author reviewed a total of seventy-three papers, following PRISMA guidelines. 17 full articles, including seven systematic reviews, five clinical trials, two observational studies, and three randomized control trials, have been selected to discuss proposed physiological mechanisms. DISCUSSION This study proposes physiological mechanisms of pranayama. It is commenced from Step 1. Activation of mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the respiratory system; then Step 2. Activation of mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the circulatory system, followed by Step 3. Activation of brain respiro-circulatory control centre; Step 4. Activation of the cerebellum; Step 5. Activation of the limbic system and finally end with; Step 6. Activation of the cerebral cortex. The physiological adjustment and adaptation mechanisms due to pranayama of all these six proposed areas have been discussed. Authentic scientific evidence has also been presented to support these proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama. The author stated the study's limitations and suggested future specific scientific experiments in this area of proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama. CONCLUSION These prospective proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama in the future may provide the best scientific background for therapeutic rehabilitation and for the healthy population to maintain their general wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiran Mondal
- Indian Knowledge System Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Grewal H, Zhuang C, Iqbal M, Ur Rehman BA, Norton J, Vernon CM, Deol S, Brose SW. Integrative approach for women with fibromyalgia in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36285. [PMID: 38115332 PMCID: PMC10727620 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia, a complex condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, presents a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems. This observational study aims to explore the potential of an outpatient integrative care model for the management of fibromyalgia in women, focusing on personalized goals, patient education, non-pharmaceutical treatments, and lifestyle modifications. The primary objective is to assess patient satisfaction and its correlation with pain, quality of life, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This pilot study seeks to determine the effectiveness of this model in the alleviation of fibromyalgia-related pain and the improvement of overall well-being. Twenty-five women diagnosed with fibromyalgia participated in a 14-week outpatient treatment program at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, involving weekly patient-directed, integrative group visits and health coaching. Pre- and post-evaluation questionnaires were administered to assess patient satisfaction, patients' subjective sense of empowerment in the management of fibromyalgia, and symptom improvement (i.e., pain, quality of life, depression, and PTSD). In addition, the study evaluated the correlation of patient empowerment with symptom improvement. The integrative care model received high patient satisfaction, with a mean score of 8.04 out of 10. Significant pain reduction was observed based on the Numeric Rating Scale (n = 22, P < .001). Quality of life showed significant improvement according to the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (n = 24, P = .01). Furthermore, depression symptoms improved significantly, as assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire (n = 24, P = .04). However, there was no statistically significant change in PTSD scores (n = 22, P = .3). Patient empowerment was strongly correlated with pain reduction (n = 25, r = .78, P < .001), quality of life (n = 25, r = .57, P < .001), and improvement in depression symptoms (n = 22, r = .50, P = .004). Pairwise deletion was used for each outcome. This integrative care model demonstrated promising results in effectively managing fibromyalgia-related pain and enhancing quality of life and depression symptoms in women. This model presents a feasible and potentially effective treatment approach for fibromyalgia. Further research with larger sample sizes and control groups is warranted to validate these findings and encourage broader implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harminder Grewal
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA
- State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Cindy Zhuang
- State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mahwish Iqbal
- State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Julia Norton
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine M. Vernon
- State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven W. Brose
- State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Pravalika B, Yamuna U, Saoji AA. Yoga for musculoskeletal pain, discomfort, perceived stress, and quality of sleep in industry workers: a randomized controlled trial. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1349-1360. [PMID: 37821618 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Work-related musculoskeletal pain and discomfort are due to repetitive, unnatural, continuous movements and postures. Yoga therapy is beneficial for pain and disability in occupational settings. The current study aims to investigate the effect of yoga on musculoskeletal pain, stress, and sleep quality among industry workers. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted as a parallel randomized controlled open-label trial. An allocation ratio of 1:1 was followed for randomization. A health survey was used to recruit 90 male workers in machinery manufacturing industries from Bengaluru. A specially designed yoga module was administered five days a week for eight weeks to yoga group. The waitlisted control group received lifestyle suggestions. Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered at baseline, at the fourth week and eighth weeks. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) was conducted to elicit the group*time interactions. RESULTS Ninety participants (Yoga = 45, Control = 45) with age 40.57 ± 6.85 were randomized. Significant interactions were found in CMDQ, VAS, PSS and PSQI scores. Further, between group comparison demonstrate significant difference between the groups at the end of 8 weeks for CMDQ, VAS and PSS scores. CONCLUSIONS Yoga can be used to reduce musculoskeletal pain, discomfort, perceived stress and improve sleep quality among industry workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2022/03/040894.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pravalika
- The School of Yoga and Naturopathic Medicine, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
| | - U Yamuna
- The School of Yoga and Naturopathic Medicine, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Apar Avinash Saoji
- The School of Yoga and Naturopathic Medicine, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India.
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Modarresi S, Pearson N, Madden K, Bennell KL, Fahnestock M, Neogi T, Carlesso LC. Pain Informed Movement for people with knee osteoarthritis: Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100402. [PMID: 37664870 PMCID: PMC10469070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Conservative pain management strategies for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have limited effectiveness and do not employ a pain-mechanism informed approach. Pain Informed Movement is a novel intervention combining mind-body techniques with neuromuscular exercise and pain neuroscience education (PNE), aimed at improving endogenous pain modulation. While the feasibility and acceptability of this program has been previously established, it now requires further evaluation in comparison to standard KOA care. Design This protocol describes the design of a pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an embedded qualitative component. The primary outcome is complete follow-up rate. With an allocation ratio of 1:1, 66 participants (33/arm) (age ≥40 years, KOA diagnosis or meeting KOA NICE criteria, and pain intensity ≥3/10), will be randomly allocated to two groups that will both receive 8 weeks of twice weekly in-person exercise sessions. Those randomized to Pain Informed Movement will receive PNE and mind-body technique instruction provided initially as videos and integrated into exercise sessions. The control arm will receive neuromuscular exercise and standard OA education. Assessment will include clinical questionnaires, physical and psychophysical tests, and blood draws at baseline and program completion. Secondary outcomes are program acceptability, burden, rate of recruitment, compliance and adherence, and adverse events. Participants will be invited to an online focus group at program completion. Conclusion The results of this pilot RCT will serve as the basis for a larger multi-site RCT aimed at determining the program's effectiveness with the primary outcome of assessing the mediating effects of descending modulation on changes in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Modarresi
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (IPRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Pearson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kim Madden
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joe's, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kim L. Bennell
- Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine | Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa C. Carlesso
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joe's, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Bentley TGK, D’Andrea-Penna G, Rakic M, Arce N, LaFaille M, Berman R, Cooley K, Sprimont P. Breathing Practices for Stress and Anxiety Reduction: Conceptual Framework of Implementation Guidelines Based on a Systematic Review of the Published Literature. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1612. [PMID: 38137060 PMCID: PMC10741869 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and stress plague populations worldwide. Voluntary regulated breathing practices offer a tool to address this epidemic. We examined peer-reviewed published literature to understand effective approaches to and implementation of these practices. PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched to identify clinical trials evaluating isolated breathing-based interventions with psychometric stress/anxiety outcomes. Two independent reviewers conducted all screening and data extraction. Of 2904 unique articles, 731 abstracts, and 181 full texts screened, 58 met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-four of the studies' 72 interventions were effective. Components of effective and ineffective interventions were evaluated to develop a conceptual framework of factors associated with stress/anxiety reduction effectiveness. Effective breath practices avoided fast-only breath paces and sessions <5 min, while including human-guided training, multiple sessions, and long-term practice. Population, other breath paces, session duration ≥5 min, and group versus individual or at-home practices were not associated with effectiveness. Analysis of interventions that did not fit this framework revealed that extensive standing, interruptions, involuntary diaphragmatic obstruction, and inadequate training for highly technical practices may render otherwise promising interventions ineffective. Following this evidence-based framework can help maximize the stress/anxiety reduction benefits of breathing practices. Future research is warranted to further refine this easily accessible intervention for stress/anxiety relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya G. K. Bentley
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Gina D’Andrea-Penna
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marina Rakic
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Nick Arce
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Michelle LaFaille
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Rachel Berman
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Katie Cooley
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Preston Sprimont
- Health and Human Performance Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA (R.B.); (K.C.)
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
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15
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İlter SM, Ovayolu Ö. The Effect of Pranayama Applied to Hemodialysis Patients on Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Holist Nurs Pract 2023; 37:318-329. [PMID: 37851348 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the effects of Pranayama applied to hemodialysis patients on fatigue. The study was completed with 91 patients, including Pranayama (n = 30), Relaxation (n = 30), and Control groups (n = 31). The patients in the Pranayama group applied the interventions 15 to 20 minutes every day, once a day, for a total of 3 months, and the patients in the relaxation practice group applied the interventions 15 to 20 minutes every day, once a day, for a total of 3 months. Before the study commenced, permission was obtained from health care institutions, the ethics committee, and the patients. The data were collected with a Questionnaire, Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), visual analog scale, and Vital Findings Form. Piper Fatigue Scale consists of 4 subdimensions, the total score obtained from the scale varies between 0 and 10, and as the score increases, the level of fatigue also increases. It was found that the patients in the Pranayama Group had decreased PFS total and subdimension mean scores after the procedure (P < .05); however, no significant changes were detected in the PFS total and subdimension mean scores of the patients in the Relaxation and Control groups (P > .05). Although the decrease in the daily fatigue severity of the patients in the Pranayama group was at a statistically significant level (P < .05), no statistically significant changes were detected in the fatigue severity of the patients in the Relaxation and Control groups (P > .05). It was also found that the blood pressure values of the patients in the Pranayama and Relaxation groups decreased (P < .05). It was found in the present study that Pranayama reduced the fatigue levels of hemodialysis patients. In this respect, it is recommended to teach and apply Pranayama techniques to patients with the support of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyra Mihrap İlter
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey (Dr İlter); and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep Unıversity, Gaziantep, Turkey (Dr Ovayolu)
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Engelen T, Solcà M, Tallon-Baudry C. Interoceptive rhythms in the brain. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1670-1684. [PMID: 37697110 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However, interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts with exteroception, cognition and action to ensure the integrity of the organism. Focusing on cardiac, respiratory and gastric rhythms, we review evidence that interoception is anatomically and functionally intertwined with the processing of signals from the external environment. Interactions arise at all stages, from the peripheral transduction of interoceptive signals to sensory processing and cortical integration, in a network that extends beyond core interoceptive regions. Interoceptive rhythms contribute to functions ranging from perceptual detection up to sense of self, or conversely compete with external inputs. Renewed interest in interoception revives long-standing issues on how the brain integrates and coordinates information in distributed regions, by means of oscillatory synchrony, predictive coding or multisensory integration. Considering interoception and exteroception in the same framework paves the way for biological modes of information processing specific to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnée Engelen
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Solcà
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France.
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Yatham P, Chintamaneni S, Stumbar S. Lessons From India: A Narrative Review of Integrating Yoga Within the US Healthcare System. Cureus 2023; 15:e43466. [PMID: 37711938 PMCID: PMC10498999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ancient practice of yoga has gained worldwide popularity as a way for people to improve their overall health and well-being. This manuscript reviews and examines the history of yoga, its physical and mental health benefits, its incorporation into the Indian healthcare system, and the public perception of yoga in India. Many initiatives for yoga exist, including promoting research on yoga, providing education and information on its benefits, and developing evidence-based standardized yoga therapy guidelines. With this in mind, this narrative review article explores the potential benefits of incorporating yoga into the United States (US) healthcare system and the possible challenges of doing so. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Yatham
- Internal Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | | | - Sarah Stumbar
- Family Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
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18
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Roy J. "Investigating the Brain Activity Correlates of Humming Bee Sound during Bhramari Pranayama". Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:364-365. [PMID: 37970262 PMCID: PMC10645273 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_648_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Roy
- Director of Stroke Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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19
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Trivedi GY, Kathirvel S, Sharma K, Saboo B. Effect of Various Lengths of Respiration on Heart Rate Variability during Simple Bhramari (Humming). Int J Yoga 2023; 16:123-131. [PMID: 38204770 PMCID: PMC10775838 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_113_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate varies during breathing and the heart rate variability (HRV) facilitates the autonomic homeostatic capacity. The maximum HRV was observed at around 10 s of prolonged respiration as per HRV biofeedback literature. However, there is a gap in understanding the variations in HRV by different respiration lengths during simple Bhramari practice. Objective To assess the effect of various respiration lengths (8, 10, 12, and 14 s) on HRV during the simple Bhramari (humming) practice. Methodology A total of 118 individuals (67 males, 51 females) signed up for the study based on convenience sampling at a wellness center. A randomized (simple permutation) within-subject crossover design with repeated measures was used to measure their HRV during the simple Bhramari practice. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and paired samples t-test. Results The results indicate that, unlike the 10 s of respiration during HRV biofeedback breathing, maximum HRV during humming happens between 12 and 14 s of long breathing. Conclusions The unique findings of the study demonstrate the maximization of HRV between the respiration lengths of 12 and 14 s. Future work should explore expanding the research to a broader group of participants, including individuals with chronic conditions and other demographic variables and mantra chanting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Y. Trivedi
- Co-founder, Society for Energy and Emotions, Wellness Space, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Soundappan Kathirvel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Chief of Interventional Cardiology, SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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20
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Tian QQ, Cheng C, Liu PH, Yin ZX, Zhang MK, Cui YP, Zhao R, Deng H, Lu LM, Tang CZ, Xu NG, Yang XJ, Sun JB, Qin W. Combined effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and 0.1 Hz slow-paced breathing on working memory. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1133964. [PMID: 36968483 PMCID: PMC10034029 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1133964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious research has found that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can improve working memory (WM) performance. It has also been shown that 0.1 Hz slow-paced breathing (SPB, i.e., breathing at a rate of approximately 6 breaths/min) can significantly influence physical state and cognitive function via changes in autonomic afferent activity. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic effects of taVNS and SPB on WM performance.MethodsA total of 96 healthy people participated in this within-subjects experiment involving four conditions, namely taVNS, SPB, combined taVNS with SPB (taVNS + SPB), and sham. Each participant underwent each intervention for 30 min and WM was compared pre- and post-intervention using the spatial and digit n-back tasks in a random order four times. Permutation-based analysis of variance was used to assess the interaction between time and intervention.ResultsFor the spatial 3-back task, a significant interaction between time and intervention was found for the accuracy rate of matching trials (mACC, p = 0.03). Post hoc analysis suggested that both taVNS and taVNS + SPB improved WM performance, however, no significant difference was found in the SPB or sham groups.ConclusionThis study has replicated the effects of taVNS on WM performance reported in previous studies. However, the synergistic effects of combined taVNS and SPB warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Tian
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Hui Liu
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi-Xin Yin
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Kai Zhang
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Peng Cui
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Juan Yang
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xue-Juan Yang,
| | - Jin-Bo Sun
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Bo Sun,
| | - Wei Qin
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Hirosaki M, Ohira T, Wu Y, Eguchi E, Shirai K, Imano H, Funakubo N, Nishizawa H, Katakami N, Shimomura I, Iso H. Laughter yoga as an enjoyable therapeutic approach for glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148468. [PMID: 37065750 PMCID: PMC10102335 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laughter has been reported to have various health benefits. However, data on the long-term effects of laughter interventions on diabetes are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether laughter yoga can improve glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In a single-center, randomized controlled trial, 42 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention consisted of a 12-week laughter yoga program. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, waist circumference, psychological factors, and sleep duration were evaluated at baseline and week 12. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis showed that participants in the laughter yoga group experienced significant improvements in HbA1c levels (between-group difference: -0.31%; 95% CI -0.54, -0.09) and positive affect scores (between-group difference: 0.62 points; 95% CI 0.003, 1.23). Sleep duration tended to increase in the laughter yoga group with a between-group difference of 0.4 hours (95% CI -0.05, 0.86; P = 0.080). The mean attendance rate for laughter yoga program was high (92.9%). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week laughter yoga program is feasible for individuals with type 2 diabetes and improves glycemic control. These findings suggest that having fun could be a self-care intervention. Further studies with larger numbers of participants are warranted to better evaluate the effects of laughter yoga. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier UMIN000047164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hirosaki
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mayumi Hirosaki, ; Tetsuya Ohira,
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mayumi Hirosaki, ; Tetsuya Ohira,
| | - Yawei Wu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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In-ear infrasonic hemodynography with a digital health device for cardiovascular monitoring using the human audiome. NPJ Digit Med 2022; 5:189. [PMID: 36550288 PMCID: PMC9780339 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-022-00725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bodily mechanisms and functions produce low-frequency vibrations. Our ability to perceive these vibrations is limited by our range of hearing. However, in-ear infrasonic hemodynography (IH) can measure low-frequency vibrations (<20 Hz) created by vital organs as an acoustic waveform. This is captured using a technology that can be embedded into wearable devices such as in-ear headphones. IH can acquire sound signals that travel within arteries, fluids, bones, and muscles in proximity to the ear canal, allowing for measurements of an individual's unique audiome. We describe the heart rate and heart rhythm results obtained in time-series analysis of the in-ear IH data taken simultaneously with ECG recordings in two dedicated clinical studies. We demonstrate a high correlation (r = 0.99) between IH and ECG acquired interbeat interval and heart rate measurements and show that IH can continuously monitor physiological changes in heart rate induced by various breathing exercises. We also show that IH can differentiate between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm with performance similar to ECG. The results represent a demonstration of IH capabilities to deliver accurate heart rate and heart rhythm measurements comparable to ECG, in a wearable form factor. The development of IH shows promise for monitoring acoustic imprints of the human body that will enable new real-time applications in cardiovascular health that are continuous and noninvasive.
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Malviya S, Zupan B, Meredith P. Alternative interventions in clinical mental health settings: A survey of mental health professionals' perceptions. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101668. [PMID: 36179597 PMCID: PMC9487191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Malviya
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia,Corresponding author. Occupational Therapy, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences CQUniversity Australia, Building 34/ Office 1.19, Bruce Highway Rockhampton, 4701, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbra Zupan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Meredith
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
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Methodological issues in conducting yoga- and meditation-based research: A narrative review and research implications. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100620. [PMID: 36087391 PMCID: PMC9451492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yoga and meditation-based interventions have been extensively utilized in the field of contemporary complementary and alternative medicine for various physical and mental health conditions. Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled the interest of researchers in yoga and meditation for its preventive and therapeutic utilities. However, the available literature in this area has several methodological concerns, limiting formers’ clinical utility. A comprehensive literature on this topic would stimulate researchers and guide them to conduct research on this topic with robust methodologies. The current review highlights the methodological issues with the yoga and meditation-based Research (henceforth, MBR), discusses some of the contentious issues, and provides future directions. The PubMed, Medline, and google scholar databases were searched to screen records dealing with the methodological issues on MBR. The search yielded 299 records, upon screening, only 24 articles were found suitable for the current study. Common methodological issues with MBR: lack of the consensus definitions of the yoga and meditations, interventions lacking theoretical framework of meditation; inadequate description of the study design; difficulty with participants recruitment, setting up the control groups, and blinding; difficulty in assessing the baseline characteristics of the participants, and validity issues with the outcome measures. A few research, however, have also highlighted the potential measures to overcome these methodological challenges. Yoga and meditation-based interventions are promising for several health conditions. However, literature suffers from considerable methodological issues, thus, limiting its utility in modern clinical practice. The study findings can stimulate and guide future research on this topic.
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Conlon A, Arnold R, Preatoni E, Moore LJ. Pulling the Trigger: The Effect of a 5-Minute Slow Diaphragmatic Breathing Intervention on Psychophysiological Stress Responses and Pressurized Pistol Shooting Performance. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:206-219. [PMID: 35468589 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of slow diaphragmatic breathing on psychophysiological stress responses and pressurized performance. Sixty-seven participants (40 female; Mage = 20.17 ± 2.77 years) were randomly assigned to either a diaphragmatic-breathing, paced-breathing, or control group. Participants completed a nonpressurized shooting task and then received instructions about a pressurized version. Next, the diaphragmatic group was told to breathe at 6 breaths/min, the paced group at 12 breaths/min, and the control group received no instructions. Following a 5-min intervention period, participants completed the pressurized task while performance was assessed. Psychophysiological stress responses (e.g., cognitive anxiety, heart rate) were recorded throughout. Results revealed that diaphragmatic breathing had mixed effects on stress responses, with some unaffected (e.g., heart rate) and others reduced (e.g., cognitive anxiety), and little effect on performance. Findings suggested that slow diaphragmatic breathing might not aid pressurized performance but could benefit psychological stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodhagán Conlon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lee J Moore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,United Kingdom
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Sarwal R, Dhamija RK, Jain K, Basavaraddi IV. Efficacy of Pranayama in Preventing COVID-19 in Exposed Healthcare Professionals: A Quasi-Randomized Clinical Trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 14:100586. [PMID: 35541985 PMCID: PMC9072812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global outbreak of COVID-19 has created a challenging situation, especially for the frontline Health Care Professionals (HCPs), who are routinely exposed and thus are at a higher risk of infection. Pranayama, a component of Yoga, is known to improve immune function and reduce infection. However, no clinical trial on the efficacy of Pranayama in preventing COVID-19 has yet been conducted. Aim & Objective This quasi-randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy of Pranayama in preventing COVID-19 infection in HCPs routinely exposed to COVID-19. Methodology The study was conducted at 5 different COVID-19 hospitals, India in year 2020. The inclusion criteria were being an HCP exposed to COVID-19 patients and being negative on antibody tests. 280 HCPs were recruited sequential and assigned to intervention and control groups. Of these, 250 HCPs completed the study. The intervention was twice daily practice, for 28 days, of specially designed Pranayama modules under the online supervision of Yoga instructors. The HCPs in the control group were advised to continue their normal daily routine, but no pranayama sessions. Participants who developed symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 were subjected to Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) or Point of Care Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) for confirmation of the diagnosis. All the participants were tested for antibodies to COVID-19 on 28th day of the intervention to detect any asymptomatic infection. Results The intervention (123) and control (127) groups had comparable demographics and baseline characteristics. At end of 28 days of intervention, nine participants in the control group and one in the intervention group developed COVID-19 (P-value: 0.01, Odds Ratio: 0.107, 95% CI: 0.86; Risk Ratio: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.89). Conclusion The intervention of twice daily practice of the Pranayama module for 28 days in HCPs might have made a noteworthy contribution and may have helped in preventing COVID-19 infection. CTRI Number CTRI/2020/07/026667.
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Mathersul DC, Dixit K, Schulz-Heik RJ, Avery TJ, Zeitzer JM, Bayley PJ. Emotion dysregulation and heart rate variability improve in US veterans undergoing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: Secondary exploratory analyses from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:268. [PMID: 35428258 PMCID: PMC9012004 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation (ER) is a key process underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet, little is known about how ER changes with PTSD treatment. Understanding these effects may shed light on treatment processes. METHODS We recently completed a non-inferiority design randomised controlled trial demonstrating that a breathing-based yoga practice (Sudarshan kriya yoga; SKY) was not clinically inferior to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) across symptoms of PTSD, depression, or negative affect. Here, in secondary exploratory analyses (intent-to-treat N = 85; per protocol N = 59), we examined whether self-reported ER (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; DERS) and physiological ER (heart rate variability; HRV) improved with treatment for clinically significant PTSD symptoms among US Veterans. RESULTS DERS-Total and all six subscales improved with small-to-moderate effect sizes (d = .24-.66) following CPT or SKY, with no differences between treatment groups. Following SKY (but not CPT), HR max-min (average difference between maximum and minimum beats per minute), LF/HF (low-to-high frequency) ratio, and normalised HF-HRV (high frequency power) improved (moved towards a healthier profile; d = .42-.55). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that a breathing-based yoga (SKY) improved both voluntary/intentional and automatic/physiological ER. In contrast, trauma-focused therapy (CPT) only reliably improved self-reported ER. Findings have implications for PTSD treatment and interventions for emotional disorders more broadly. TRIAL REGISTRATION Secondary analyses of ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02366403 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Mathersul
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Building 440, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Building 440, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Kamini Dixit
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - R Jay Schulz-Heik
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Timothy J Avery
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- National Centre for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (NCPTSD), Veterans Affairs Menlo Park Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peter J Bayley
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Kelechi TJ, Hernandez-Tejada MA, Balasubramanian S, Bian J, Madisetti M, Nagel A. Addressing Physical, Functional, and Physiological Outcomes in Older Adults using an Integrated mHealth Intervention "Active for Life": A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE RESEARCH 2022; 5:1285. [PMID: 36189445 PMCID: PMC9523685 DOI: 10.29011/2688-9501.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective We evaluated components of an integrated, mobile health-based intervention "Activate for Life" (AFL) on health outcomes in lower-income older adults (≥ 60 years). Methods AFL incorporates balance (Otago; OG), physical strength (Gentle Yoga and yogic Breathing; GYYB), and mental engagement (Behavioral Activation; BA) components. Thirty participants were randomly allocated to one of three study arms (n=10): OG (Arm 1), OG+GYYB (Arm 2), or OG+GYYB+BA (Arm 3; a.k.a. "full AFL"). Participants were evaluated for physical, functional, and physiological endpoints at baseline and post-intervention (12-weeks and/or 3-month follow up). Results Improvements in pain interference and 1,5- anhydroglucitol biomarker levels over time were noted for all arms. No significant changes were observed for other physical, functional, or physiological measures. Discussion This study illustrates potential benefits of the AFL intervention on the health of lower-income older adults. Lessons learned from this pilot trial will inform design improvements for a large-scale randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Kelechi
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Melba A Hernandez-Tejada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sundaravadivel Balasubramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John Bian
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Moby Madisetti
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis Nagel
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Yoga exercise intervention improves balance control and prevents falls in seniors aged 65+. Zdr Varst 2022; 61:85-92. [PMID: 35432608 PMCID: PMC8937584 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Body balance control represents a key factor preventing falls and subsequent injuries in seniors aged 65+. Intervention based on yoga exercises seem to be effective in improving balance.
Objective
The objective is to analyse and compare changes in static, dynamic, and total balance scores, changes in body composition and social indices as effects of yoga-based intervention.
Methods
A total of 500 participants (234 men aged 74.5 SD±7.74 and 266 women aged 76.9 SD±7.23) were assessed using the Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool, the InBody 230 bioimpedance body composition analyser, and the SF-36 Health Survey, applied to pre and post-testing. The experimental group (n=262; 122 males; 140 females) underwent a four-week yoga-based intervention, 30 minutes daily, while the control group (n=238; 112 males; 126 females) underwent its usual daily programme at senior homes or centres. The ANOVA model, consisting of the Group, Stage, Subject and Group × Stage interaction factors, was used for data evaluation.
Results
Intervention led to improvements in the static, dynamic and total balance scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of SF-36 showed positive changes in the psychosocial aspects of health, such as promoting of calmness and happiness in male seniors and reducing fatigue, nervousness and depression in female seniors. The post-intervention decrease in body fat percentage and increase in muscle mass in seniors is discussed.
Conclusions
The four-week yoga-based intervention had positive effects on the static, dynamic and total balance scores, body composition and social status.
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Harbour E, Stöggl T, Schwameder H, Finkenzeller T. Breath Tools: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Breathing Strategies to Enhance Human Running. Front Physiol 2022; 13:813243. [PMID: 35370762 PMCID: PMC8967998 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.813243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Running is among the most popular sporting hobbies and often chosen specifically for intrinsic psychological benefits. However, up to 40% of runners may experience exercise-induced dyspnoea as a result of cascading physiological phenomena, possibly causing negative psychological states or barriers to participation. Breathing techniques such as slow, deep breathing have proven benefits at rest, but it is unclear if they can be used during exercise to address respiratory limitations or improve performance. While direct experimental evidence is limited, diverse findings from exercise physiology and sports science combined with anecdotal knowledge from Yoga, meditation, and breathwork suggest that many aspects of breathing could be improved via purposeful strategies. Hence, we sought to synthesize these disparate sources to create a new theoretical framework called “Breath Tools” proposing breathing strategies for use during running to improve tolerance, performance, and lower barriers to long-term enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Harbour
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Eric Harbour,
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Schwameder
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Finkenzeller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Swathi P, Saoji AA, Bhat R. The role of trataka in ameliorating visual strain and promoting psychological well-being during prolonged use of digital displays: A randomized controlled trial. Work 2022; 71:327-333. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prolonged usage of digital displays leads to visual strain and, in turn, impairs psychological well-being. The practice of Yoga is said to enhance psychological functions and reduce visual strain. OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the effect of the trataka (Yogic visual concentration) practice on the visual strain, mind-wandering, and mindfulness. METHODS: One hundred six volunteers equally distributed in the experimental and control groups completed the study. Visual Fatigue Scale (VFS), visual symptoms checklist (VSC), mind-wandering questionnaire (MWQ), and State Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (SMAAS) were administered at baseline and at the end of two weeks. RESULTS: All variables were similar at the baseline in both groups, and significant differences were noted at the end of two weeks between both groups. There was a significant reduction in VFS and VSC scores, MWQ, along with an increase in SMAAS scores in the experimental group. Although there were significant changes in VFS, MWQ, and SMAAS in the control group, the magnitude of change was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of trataka was found to reduce the visual strain, mind wandering while improving the state mindfulness. The practice can be implemented to mitigate visual strain and associated psychological implications due to prolonged exposure to digital displays, which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.S. Swathi
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Apar Avinash Saoji
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhat
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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Immediate effects of “Ujjayi Pranayama” on aerodynamic, acoustic and self perception parameters of voice in professional voice users. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100490. [PMID: 34949525 PMCID: PMC8728045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Voice plays a major role in communication, and it reveals the speaker's physical and emotional health, personality, and identity. Professional voice users are dependent on their voice for their livelihood. A minimal change or deviation in their voice can interfere with their career. Since respiration is the source for voice production, good lung capacity and the inspiratory-expiratory ratio are very important in maintaining a good voice quality. Ujjayi Pranayama, an effective breathing technique is targeted in this study. Objective To investigate the immediate effects of Ujjayi pranayama on acoustic, aerodynamic and self-perception parameters of voice in professional voice users. Method Twenty normophonic female teachers performed this breathing technique taught by yoga professional. Parameters of aerodynamic, acoustic, and self-perception were analyzed at pre and post-practice. Results Significant differences in the acoustic variables including intensity and jitter were observed. Aerodynamic parameters have shown significant improvements in the variables including Maximum phonation Duration (MPD), Estimated Subglottal Pressure (ESGP), Laryngeal Conductance (LAC), Laryngeal Resistance (LAR) and Sound Pressure Level (SPL). Among the study participants, 80% have rated the Ujjayi pranayama as useful in prepping their voice for the vocal loading tasks. Conclusion In view of the better objective evidence and significant improvements in the study variables including the participant's self-perception, authors suggest that Ujjayi pranayama can also be used in voice rehabilitation as a vocal warm-up exercise.
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Malhotra V, Javed D, Wakode S, Bharshankar R, Soni N, Porter P. Study of immediate neurological and autonomic changes during kapalbhati pranayama in yoga practitioners. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:720-727. [PMID: 35360798 PMCID: PMC8963645 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1662_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kapalbhati is a fast pace respiratory exercise or pranayam, which is supposed to be practiced by yogis to clean their brain. Pranayamas are well known to improve heart rate variability (HRV) ultimately leading to better autonomic functions. Other studies have observed the immediate effect of kapalbhati on various neurological (brain and spine) and autonomic functions, but their results are varied and inconclusive. Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the changes in HRV and brain waves during and after practice of kapalbhati as compared with the baseline values of different parameters. Methods: Various parameters were measured at baseline, during and after kapalbhati pranayam with the help of Dinamika HRV-Advanced HRV Test System, Moscow, Russia. Statistical analysis was accomplished employing repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis and Holm’s multiple comparisons using the Version 28.0.0.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (190) SPSS Inc., Chicago. Results: We found that during and after kapalbhati, changes in HRV were significant in time and frequency domain showing parasympathetic withdrawal and insignificant changes in brain waves as compared with reference point values. Conclusion: Kapalbhati is initially energizing, cleansing, and heating. There occurs parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic activation during pranayama. There is an increase gamma wave activation post pranayama showing control of the default mode network.
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Balasubramanian S, Harper J, Sterba KR, Viswanathan R, Eldredge-Hindy H. Protocol for the Pilot Study of Group Video Yogic Breathing App in Breast Cancer Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AAYUSH AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:38-57. [PMID: 36790946 PMCID: PMC9924219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths; however, recent improvements in treatment have improved survivorship. As a result of this improvement, more individuals are living with the long-term side effects of cancer treatment. Therefore, methods that incorporate lifestyle and mind-body approaches are becoming increasingly used in the patient treatment pathway. METHODS In this study, PranaScience Institute will develop and test a group video mobile application for Yogic Breathing (YB). YB is shown to reduce symptomatic conditions associated with several conditions including breast cancer. For this initial feasibility study, PranaScience will collaborate with the Medical University of South Carolina to implement the study app-based program in breast cancer survivors. This research is aimed to understand if the YB could be delivered via an app, if participants are able to practice it satisfactorily, and if there is any symptom relief by the YB practice. In the control group, participants will be directed to the Attention Control (AC) feature of the app, which guides users to focus on a mindfulness activity not involving YB. Participants will be randomly assigned to the YB or AC study plan (N = 20 per group). Breast cancer survivors who have completed radiation therapy within last 2 months will be recruited for this study and provided access to the app for a 12-weeks program. The study app will record total practice times. Virtual visits by a study yoga instructor during group video sessions will measure participant compliance with proper technique. Feasibility will be examined by evaluating intervention delivery factors and resource needs. Acceptability of using the mobile study app to support symptom management will be evaluated using a satisfaction and system usability scale. Behavioral survey measures will help guide effect sizes and power calculations for the next larger-scale study. Biomarkers in the saliva (tumor suppressors, cytokines), and fingernails (cortisol, differential proteomics) will be measured at baseline and end of study at 12 weeks. DISCUSSION All findings from this pilot study will be synthesized to refine the mobile study app in preparation for large-scale evaluation in Phase II involving all-study site participants with cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05161260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravadivel Balasubramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Jennifer Harper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, USA
| | - Katherine R Sterba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Mahendru K, Pandit A, Singh V, Choudhary N, Mohan A, Bhatnagar S. Effect of Meditation and Breathing Exercises on the Well-being of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection under Institutional Isolation: A Randomized Control Trial. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:490-494. [PMID: 34898943 PMCID: PMC8655642 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_40_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every domain of human health be it physical or mental. The uncertainty of disease progression in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to major psychological and psychiatric concerns that should not be overlooked. The interventions should be directed to the vulnerable population to help them mitigate the stress and anxiety caused by the infection and isolation. We evaluated the effect of meditation and breathing exercises on the well-being of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection under institutional isolation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial on 84 subjects, 18 years and above, asymptomatic, or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients under institutional isolation. Subjects were randomly and equally divided into a control group and interventional group. We measured the depression, anxiety, and stress levels as well as quality of sleep in patients after 7 days of meditation and breathing exercises in the intervention group versus standard care in the control group. Results: Meditation and breathing exercises had a statistically significant effect on the depression level (P < 0.001), stress level (P = 0.004), and the quality of sleep [trouble falling asleep (P = 0.007), trouble staying asleep (P = 0.004), and feel tired after waking up in the morning (P = 0.003)]. Further, the positive effect of intervention on the level of anxiety in patients under isolation was also observed; however, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.528). Conclusion: Meditation and breathing exercises have positive effects on depression, stress levels, and quality of sleep in COVID-19 positive patients under strict institutional isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahendru
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Pandit
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nandan Choudhary
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Bennetts A. How does yoga practice and therapy yield psychological benefits? A review and model of transdiagnostic processes. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 46:101514. [PMID: 34837807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interest in yoga as an intervention for psychological wellbeing has increased in recent years, with literature investigating beneficial effects in a variety of presentations and settings. The theoretical understanding of this benefit has previously focused on physiological changes involved in yoga practice, however interest has turned to the potential psychological mechanisms eliciting psychological wellbeing. The current paper builds on previous theory and argues that yoga practice targets transdiagnostic psychological processes; mechanisms that feature commonly across a wide range of presentations, thus reducing distress and increasing wellbeing across clinical and non-clinical populations. Features of yoga practice are discussed in relation to these transdiagnostic processes and the features of modern talking therapies. A new model is proposed positing specific aspects of yoga practice correlate with specific transdiagnostic processes to elicit psychological change and argues that the mechanisms by which change occurs are directly compared with the changes observed in talking therapies. The implications for future research and the potential for this to support the commissioning of holistic approaches in clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bennetts
- School of Psychology, The University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Saoji AA, Das P, Devi NS. Yoga therapy as an adjunct to conventional management of systemic sclerosis: A case series. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:705-709. [PMID: 34776323 PMCID: PMC8642665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder leading to significant disability and loss of Quality of Life (QoL). Yoga has become popular in recent times for its potential therapeutic benefits. Since there are no scientific reports on the use of Yoga for SSc, we present two female cases (aged 49 and 29 respectively) of limited SSc (duration of illness 4 and 3 years respectively) who underwent Yoga therapy as an adjunct to conventional management in a residential setting for a period of five and four weeks, respectively. During their stay, they underwent a specifically designed Yoga module. After their discharge, they were followed-up for four weeks, during which they were asked to continue practicing Yoga for 1 h every day. Both of them reported a reduction in pain, stiffness, symptom scores, and improved QoL on discharge and at the follow-up compared to the values on admission. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), as biomarkers of inflammation, reduced on the discharge when compared to the baseline. No adverse events were noted during the stay and the follow-up. Thus, the present case series indicate a possible beneficial role of Yoga as an adjunct therapy to conventional management of SSc. Further studies in the area are warranted to ascertain the efficacy of Yoga for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apar Avinash Saoji
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Pranab Das
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Naorem Subhadra Devi
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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Sharma SK, Kala N, Telles S. Volitional Yoga Breathing Influences Attention and Anxiety: An Exploratory Randomized Crossover Study. Complement Med Res 2021; 29:120-126. [PMID: 34784592 DOI: 10.1159/000519715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies assessed yoga breathing practices individually. This exploratory, randomized crossover study assessed attention and anxiety following four yoga breathing practices, breath awareness, and quiet seated rest. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight male volunteers between 20 and 37 years (group mean age ± SD; 24.08 ± 4.01 years) were assessed in six sessions in random order (www.randomizer.org) on separate days. The sessions were: (i) alternate nostril yoga breathing, (ii) bellows yoga breathing, (iii) bumblebee yoga breathing, (iv) high-frequency yoga breathing, (v) breath awareness, and (vi) quiet seated rest. The sessions were for 18 min each. Six letter cancellation test (SLCT) and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory-state (STAI-s) were administered pre and post each session. Data analysis used general linear mixed model analysis, with fixed effect of states (pre and post) and sessions. RESULTS A significant main effect of states was observed on total attempted (F1,407 = 5.374, p = 0.021) and net attempted scores (F1,407 = 6.178, p = 0.013) of the SLCT, with a significant increase in scores following high-frequency yoga breathing (padj = 0.031 for total attempted scores; padj = 0.029 for net attempted scores). Also, a significant main effect of states on STAI-s scores was observed (F1,407 = 33.979, p < 0.001), with a significant decrease in scores following alternate nostril yoga breathing (padj = 0.001), bellows yoga breathing (padj = 0.008), bumblebee yoga breathing (padj = 0.002), and high-frequency yoga breathing (padj = 0.042) compared to the corresponding pre state. There was a significant main effect of sessions (F5,407 = 3.043, p = 0.010) on STAI-s scores, with scores post alternate nostril yoga breathing significantly lower than post breath awareness (padj = 0.037). CONCLUSION Following high-frequency yoga breathing sustained attention was better than before while state anxiety decreased in post-pre comparisons of alternate nostril yoga breathing, bellows yoga breathing, bumblebee yoga breathing, and high-frequency yoga breathing. The differences between breathing practices may be due to differences in degree of volitional regulation of breathing and in the breath patterns modified volitionally. The generalizability of the findings was limited by including an all male, yoga experienced sample. Future research should include participants of both genders and could include different levels of yoga experience, with assessments including objective measures of attention and anxiety.
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Biéchy JP, Charissou C, Gobert S, Verdier JC, Castel-Lacanal E, Amarantini D, Fautrelle L. The combination of deep breathing and mental imagery promotes cardiovascular recovery in firefighters. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1231-1242. [PMID: 33899680 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1916606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters' rescue operations involve intense physical activity associated with a high level of cardiovascular stress. To sustain such intense physical performance whilst maintaining a healthy heart, it is crucial that they benefit from rapid recovery between each intervention. This study aimed at investigating the impacts of a recovery protocol combining deep breathing and mental imagery. Forty firefighters were divided into two experimental groups which undertook two maximum fitness tests separated by either the control recovery protocol (30 min reading time; n = 20) or the experimental recovery protocol (30 min of deep breathing and mental imagery; n = 20). When compared to the pre-tests, the percentage evolution ratios in the post-tests for the Cooper performance, the heart rate recovery and the parasympathetic reactivation were promoted by the experimental protocol, compared to simple reading. In light of these results, we propose the use of practices of deep-breathing combined with mental imagery to improve firefighters' recovery. Practitioner summary: Firefighters' activities involve intense physical activities associated with a high level of psychological stress. Enhancing their recovery after each rescue intervention appears crucial. The results of this study showed that a recovery protocol combining deep breathing and mental imagery promotes heart rate recovery and better maintenance of physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Biéchy
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Département STAPS, Institut National Universitaire Champollion, Rodez, France
| | - C Charissou
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Département STAPS, Institut National Universitaire Champollion, Rodez, France
| | - S Gobert
- SDIS77, Service Départemental d'Incendie et de Secours de Seine et Marne, Melun, France
| | - J C Verdier
- Institut Coeur Effort Santé, Service de Réadaptation Cardiaque, Paris, France
- Société Française de Cardiologie, Paris, France
| | - E Castel-Lacanal
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - D Amarantini
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L Fautrelle
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Département STAPS, Institut National Universitaire Champollion, Rodez, France
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Sharma R, Goyal A, Singh R, Khanduri S, Ota S, Goel S, Rana RK, Singhal R, Shahi VK, Srikanth N, Swasticharan L, Dhiman KS. Effect of Ayurveda intervention in the integrated management of essential hypertension- a retrospective observational study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:521-528. [PMID: 34362604 PMCID: PMC8377180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study titled 'Integration of AYUSH (Ayurveda) with National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS)' implemented in India in three districts of three states, namely Bhilwara (Rajasthan), Gaya (Bihar), and Surendranagar (Gujarat) since 2015 for the management of various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through integrated approach. OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the effect of Ayurveda medication, lifestyle modification, and Yoga in integration with standard care for the management of essential hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical records available from NPCDCS-AYUSH Integration Project was done. The data of participants with Essential Hypertension (EHTN), aged between 30 and 60 years, who had completed six months integrated management as per the treatment protocol of the NPCDCS-AYUSH Integration project between July 2018 and March 2019 were taken and distributed in two groups based on their intervention. Those advised for lifestyle modification and Yoga in addition to standard care with any of the five medicines/combinations i.e. Amlodipine or Atenolol or Amlodipine + Atenolol or Losartan or Telmisartan were assigned Group I and those who were given Ayurveda medication, lifestyle modification and Yoga in addition to standard care were assigned to Group II. The change in blood pressure was analysed and dose reduction/discontinuation of conventional medications was also observed. RESULTS Data of 1938 participants who had completed treatment under the NPCDCS program was analysed. At the 6th month, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in all categories of Group I and Group II from baseline. Further, the dose of conventional medicine was reduced in 33.1% of participants of Group I and in 30.4% participants of Group II when compared to 0 day while conventional medicines were discontinued in 15.1% of Group I and 36.7% of Group II participants. CONCLUSION Ayurveda medication along with lifestyle management and Yoga effectively controls systolic and diastolic blood pressure and further helps in reducing/discontinuation of dose of conventional medicines in EHTN participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramavtar Sharma
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India.
| | - Arun Goyal
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Shruti Khanduri
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Sarada Ota
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Sumeet Goel
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Rana
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Richa Singhal
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Shahi
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Narayanam Srikanth
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Leimapokpam Swasticharan
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, 110011, India
| | - Kartar Singh Dhiman
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
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Kim J, Gray JA, Johnson H. The Effect of a Web-Based Deep Breathing App on Stress of Direct Care Workers: Uncontrolled Intervention Study. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:876-883. [PMID: 34227854 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Studies have demonstrated success in reducing stress levels in complex interventions including deep breathing components. Breathing exercise interventions, however, tend not to be studied in isolation. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of a breathing exercise using a web-based app on the stress levels of direct care workers (DCWs) who serve people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Design: Uncontrolled one-group intervention. Settings/Location: DCWs were recruited from intellectual and developmental disability service providers in a US Midwestern state. Subjects: Sixty-four DCWs who used the breathing exercise app at least 2 times. Interventions: Breathing exercise using a web-based app for a month. Outcome measures: Five measures were obtained from the data recorded in the app: initial stress level before exercise, exercise duration in minutes, change in stress level between before and after each breathing exercise, and frequency and number of days the app was used during a month. Participants' self-report of the number of days of app use was collected in a 1-month follow-up survey. Results: The participants appear to have a moderate stress level indicated by the initial stress level 5 out of 10. After the breathing exercise, the stress level decreased by 1.2 points from 5.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8) to 3.7 (SD = 1.6) on average (paired t-test, p < 0.00005). Cohen's d 0.72 indicates a large effect size. Among within-individual factors, a higher initial stress level and longer app use per occasion were significantly associated with stress reduction. Among between-individual factors, only race was associated with stress reduction. Although there was no effect of being an African American alone on stress level change (coefficient = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = -0.29 to 1.18, p > 0.05), there was an additional reduction among African Americans in relation to the initial stress level, controlling for exercise duration. The number of breathing exercise days recorded in the app was not correlated with that of self-report (Pearson's correlation r = 0.12, p > 0.05). Although the app was used for 4.4 (SD = 4.2) days, participants reported using it for 10.7 (SD = 8.2) days on average in the follow-up survey. Conclusions: The findings suggest the benefit of breathing exercises using an app for reducing DCWs' stress levels. Regular use of such apps may assist with stress management and bolster overall health and well-being among DCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Kim
- School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gray
- School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Johnson
- School of Health Professions, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, USA
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Boyadzhieva A, Kayhan E. Keeping the Breath in Mind: Respiration, Neural Oscillations, and the Free Energy Principle. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:647579. [PMID: 34267621 PMCID: PMC8275985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.647579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the respiratory and the nervous systems. In this article, we give an overview of the emerging literature on how respiration modulates neural, cognitive and emotional processes. Moreover, we present a perspective linking respiration to the free-energy principle. We frame volitional modulation of the breath as an active inference mechanism in which sensory evidence is recontextualized to alter interoceptive models. We further propose that respiration-entrained gamma oscillations may reflect the propagation of prediction errors from the sensory level up to cortical regions in order to alter higher level predictions. Accordingly, controlled breathing emerges as an easily accessible tool for emotional, cognitive, and physiological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezgi Kayhan
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Szulczewski MT. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined With Slow Breathing: Speculations on Potential Applications and Technical Considerations. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:380-394. [PMID: 35396070 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively novel noninvasive neurostimulation method that is believed to mimic the effects of invasive cervical VNS. It has recently been suggested that the effectiveness of taVNS can be enhanced by combining it with controlled slow breathing. Slow breathing modulates the activity of the vagus nerve and is used in behavioral medicine to decrease psychophysiological arousal. Based on studies that examine the effects of taVNS and slow breathing separately, this article speculates on some of the conditions in which this combination treatment may prove effective. Furthermore, based on findings from studies on the optimization of taVNS and slow breathing, this article provides guidance on how to combine taVNS with slow breathing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nonsystematic review. RESULTS Both taVNS and slow breathing are considered promising add-on therapeutic approaches for anxiety and depressive disorders, chronic pain, cardiovascular diseases, and insomnia. Therefore, taVNS combined with slow breathing may produce additive or even synergistic beneficial effects in these conditions. Studies on respiratory-gated taVNS during spontaneous breathing suggest that taVNS should be delivered during expiration. Therefore, this article proposes to use taVNS as a breathing pacer to indicate when and for how long to exhale during slow breathing exercises. CONCLUSIONS Combining taVNS with slow breathing seems to be a promising hybrid neurostimulation and behavioral intervention.
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Jindal HA, Jindal P, Jamir L, Faujdar DS, Datta H. Global Change in Interest toward Yoga for Mental Health Ailments during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Google Trend Analysis. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:109-118. [PMID: 34188382 PMCID: PMC8191227 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_82_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, society is gripped with uncertainty and fear, inclining them toward Yoga to prevent mental health issues. Google Trends (GT) depicts the public interest of the community which may vary due to evolving policy dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: The aim was to study global public interest in Yoga for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Global time trends were obtained for Yoga, Anxiety, and Depression from November 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020 using GT. The time series analysis was done in three different time periods – pre-COVID-19 phase, transition period, and COVID-19 pandemic phase. Cross-correlation, Spearman rho, Friedman ANOVA test, and forecasting were used for analysis. Results: GT found a global change in the search queries for Yoga, anxiety, and depression during the three time periods. High burden COVID-19 countries – Italy, Spain, Russia, and Brazil had an increasing search trend for Yoga. During the COVID-19 phase, there was a significant positive correlation between the search trends of Yoga with depression (r = 0.232; P < 0.05) and anxiety (r = 0.351; P < 0.05), but higher anxiety and depression searches lead to lower Yoga searches at lag +6. Forecast projected a continuous increase in Yoga searches and anxiety queries. Conclusion: Google Trends captured a significant rise in interest of Yoga among the global community but diminished with time. Hence, the need for interventions to promote Yoga to be part of routine life and for making sure that people adhere to the Yoga practices on a continuous basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Har Ashish Jindal
- Senior Consultant, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Parineeta Jindal
- Yoga Therapist, Government Rehabilitation Institute of Intellectual Disabilities, Chandigarh, India
| | - Limalemla Jamir
- Assistant Professor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Dharamjeet Singh Faujdar
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Himani Datta
- Schulich School of Business, 111 Ian MacDonald Blvd, North York, Ontario, Canada, M3J1P3
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Sinha S, Mittal S, Bhat S, Baro G. Effect of Nasal Dominance on Pulmonary Function Test and Heart Rate: A Pilot Study. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:141-145. [PMID: 34188386 PMCID: PMC8191224 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_115_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The nasal cycle is one of the many cyclic events in a human being. Nasal airflow is greater in one nostril at any given point in time and this alternates between right and left nostrils over time. Its periodicity ranges from 25 min to 8 h. This alteration has been known to be controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The current study was designed to assess the effect of nasal dominance during rest on pulmonary function parameters and heart rate. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 35 apparently healthy individuals of the age group of 18–30 years. Based on a cold mirror test, the participants were categorized into two groups of right nasal dominance (RND) and left nasal dominance (LND). The parameters recorded were forced expiratory volume in the first sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate, forced expiratory flow between 25%-75%, SpO2, and pulse rate. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: All pulmonary function parameters exhibited higher values in RND participants compared to LND participants and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nasal dominance has a measurable effect on pulmonary functions and heart rate hence emphasizing the role of autonomic control of airways. This influence can be used as adjuvant therapy for certain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shilpi Bhat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geeta Baro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nivethitha L, Mooventhan A, Manjunath NK. Evaluation of Cardiovascular Functions during the Practice of Different Types of Yogic Breathing Techniques. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:158-162. [PMID: 34188389 PMCID: PMC8191218 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_61_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Yoga is the science of right living practice to promote health. Many studies have documented the cardiovascular effects of various yogic breathing techniques (YBTs), comparing the cardiovascular changes before and after the practice. However, there is a lack of study reporting the cardiovascular changes during the practice of YBT. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy individuals performed four different YBTs (Bhastrika, Bhramari, Kapalbhati, and Kumbhaka) in four different orders. Cardiovascular variables such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), pulse interval (PI), and total peripheral resistant (TPR) were assessed using a continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring system, before, during, and immediately after each YBT. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 16.0. Results: Results of this study showed a significant increase in DBP, MAP, HR, and CO along with a reduction in PI during Bhastrika; a significant increase in DBP, MAP, HR, and TPR with a reduction in SV, CO, and PI during Bhramari pranayama; a significant increase in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, and CO with a reduction in PI during Kapalbhati; and a significant increase in SBP, DBP, MAP, and TPR with a reduction in SV and CO during Kumbhaka practice. Conclusion: In healthy individuals, cardiovascular changes during the practice of Bhastrika and Kapalbhati are more or less similar to each other and are different from those of Bhramari and Kumbhaka in most of the variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nivethitha
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Naturopathy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Mooventhan
- Department of Research, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N K Manjunath
- Devision of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Thiruvalluvan A, Sekizhar V, Ramanathan M, Bhavanani AB, Chakravathy D, Reddy JRC. Effect of Pranayama Techniques with Marmanasthanam Kriya as Yogic Relaxation on Biopsychosocial Parameters Prior to Endodontic Therapy: A Cross Sectional Study Design. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:146-151. [PMID: 34188387 PMCID: PMC8191219 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_133_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The root canal treatment is one of the common dental or endodontic therapies associated with high levels of patient anxiety. Yoga therapy (YT) is reported in medical literature as an effective modality in bringing down anxiety in clinical scenarios; however, the reports of the same for dental settings are fewer. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of YT on biopsychosocial parameters in patients undergoing root canal therapy. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 50 participants who underwent dental root canal therapy. The sample was divided into two groups: Yoga group (Group A; n = 25) who received YT and control group (Group B; n = 25) who were subjected to self-relaxation during dental procedure. The state of anxiety was measured by a 5-point single-item Likert scale and the cardiovascular (CV) parameters (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR]) and CV indices (pulse pressure [PP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], rate-pressure product [RPP], and double product [DoP]) were derived and compared between both the groups. Results: The intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences in anxiety score (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001), MAP (P < 0.001), RPP (P < 0.001), DoP (P < 0.001), HR (P < 0.029), DBP (P < 0.003), and PP (P < 0.116). Conclusion: A significant reduction was recorded in terms of anxiety and primary and derived CV parameters in the yoga group. The YT can be adopted as an interventional tool for anxiety management in patients indicated for dental root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Vandana Sekizhar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Meena Ramanathan
- Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani
- Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Dhanavel Chakravathy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Jagat R C Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
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Swathi PS, Raghavendra BR, Saoji AA. Health and therapeutic benefits of Shatkarma: A narrative review of scientific studies. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:206-212. [PMID: 33454186 PMCID: PMC8039332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shatkarma, also known as Shatkriya are a set of six yogic cleansing techniques described in the Hatha Yoga texts. Several health benefits of these procedures are indicated in the traditional texts of Yoga. However, there is no comprehensive literature about the scientific evidence on Shatkriya. Hence, we searched in PubMed, PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases to review relevant articles in English. The search yielded a total 723 references, published from 1976 to April 2020. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 articles were included in this review. We found scientific studies on four out of six cleansing techniques. The limited evidence on Shatkriya suggests positive effects on various physiological and clinical domains. The practice of dhauti was found to enhance respiratory functions and was useful in digestive disorders. Nasal cleansing, neti was particularly found beneficial in managing the rhinosinusitis in age groups ranging from children to adults. Although trataka practice was found to enhance cognition and bring a state of relaxation, but there was no evidence supporting its role in eye disorders. Kapalabhati practice appears to have a beneficial role in the activation of sympathetic nervous system, enhance cognition, and improve overall metabolism. Further large-scale clinical trials with robust designs are warranted to evaluate the effects of Shatkriya in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Swathi
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, KG Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India.
| | - B R Raghavendra
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, KG Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India
| | - Apar Avinash Saoji
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, KG Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India
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Safaryan AS, Sargsyan VD. Sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with hypertension: pathogenesis and treatment. Part I. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The article is devoted to the influence of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on the cardiovascular system. Influence of SNS activity on the blood pressure level and the pathogenesis of hypertension development, as well as the effect of SNS on many biochemical and metabolic parameters playing a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome and hypertension are considered. Possible mechanisms of action of various methods that reduce the SNS activity, restore the function of autonomic nervous system and normalize the cardiovascular system and blood pressure are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Safaryan
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - V. D. Sargsyan
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Eda N, Ito H, Akama T. Beneficial Effects of Yoga Stretching on Salivary Stress Hormones and Parasympathetic Nerve Activity. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:695-702. [PMID: 33239943 PMCID: PMC7675619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of yoga stretching on salivary stress hormones and cardiac autonomic nervous system. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate changes in cardiac autonomic nervous system after yoga stretching. In this crossover design study, 10 adult men (age, 26.3 ± 2.5 years) without yoga experience participated in the rest and yoga trials for 90 min. Measurements were carried out before (pre), immediately (post), 60 min, and 120 min after rest or yoga stretching. Saliva samples were collected by chewing a sterile cotton ball at a frequency of 60 cycles per minute. Salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. With the subjects in the sitting position, heart rate variability was measured using pulse analyzer plus for 150 seconds. As regards rate changes, salivary testosterone level tended to increase (p = 0.088), testosterone/cortisol ratio significantly increased (p < 0.05), and cortisol level significantly decreased (p < 0.05) at 120 min after yoga stretching. The square root of the mean-squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals and natural logarithm high-frequency component, which are indicators of parasympathetic nerve activity, increased at 60 min (p < 0.05) and 120 min (p < 0.05) in the yoga trial, respectively. In conclusion, yoga stretching can enhance parasympathetic nerve activity and improve stress hormones. Therefore, yoga stretching may be useful to compensate for physical inactivity and increase life expectancy in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Eda
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hironaga Ito
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Japan Sports Science Inc, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Akama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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