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Novais T, Reallon E, Martin J, Barral M, Krolak-Salmon P, Coste MH, Zenagui H, Garnier-Crussard A, Hoegy D, Mouchoux C. Clinical impact of an individualised clinical pharmacy programme into the memory care pathway of older people: an observational study. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:889-898. [PMID: 38642248 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In older patients, medication exposure [i.e. polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), medications with anticholinergic and/or sedative properties] is a modifiable risk factor associated with cognitive iatrogenic risk and dementia. AIM To assess the potential clinical impact of the implementation of an individualised clinical pharmacy programme at the initiation of the Memory care pathway in older patients with a cognitive complaint. METHOD This prospective observational study included older patients with high-risk of adverse drug event (HR) admitted in a French geriatric university hospital to explore the cognitive complaint or the cognitive disorder between January and November 2021. Drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified during a medication review performed in HR patients, and pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) notified in the patient's hospitalisation report were collected. The clinical impact of PIs was assessed by an expert panel (geriatricians and clinical pharmacists) using the Clinical, Economic, and Organisational (CLEO) tool. RESULTS Overall, 326 patients were eligible and 207 (63.5%) were considered as HR patients. Among HR patients, 88.9% (n = 184) were treated using at least 5 medications (polypharmacy), and 36.7% (n = 76) received at least one PIM with cognitive iatrogenic risk. During the medication review, 490 PIs were provided and their clinical impact was rated as minor for 57.3% (n = 281), moderate for 26.7% (n = 131), and major for 2.5% (n = 12). CONCLUSION The integration of clinical pharmacist secured the Memory care pathway of older patients with a cognitive complaint by identifying an important number of DRPs and PIMs with potential cognitive iatrogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Novais
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, 27 rue Gabriel Péri, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Elsa Reallon
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, 27 rue Gabriel Péri, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Day-Care Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Eduwell Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Coste
- Day-Care Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Hanane Zenagui
- Day-Care Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Garnier-Crussard
- Day-Care Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Eduwell Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Hoegy
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Mouchoux
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Lyon Institute for Aging, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, 27 rue Gabriel Péri, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Eduwell Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, UCBL1, Lyon, France
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Cejalvo E, Gisbert-Pérez J, Martí-Vilar M, Badenes-Ribera L. Systematic review following COSMIN guidelines: Short forms of Zarit Burden Interview. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:278-295. [PMID: 39094351 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review assessed the psychometric properties of abbreviated versions of the Caregiver Burden Instrument (ZBI-22). Initially, 40 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified through a systematic search of four databases. Additionally, 26 articles were included through manual searches, totaling 66 articles in the analysis. Different versions of instruments measuring caregiver burden were examined, considering item variability and differences in factor structures. Although most measures exhibited satisfactory content validity, as well as construct validity supported by high internal consistencies, it is important to note that measurement invariance, criterion validity and test-retest reliability were not established for all measures analyzed. Furthermore, structural validity was not satisfactory for all versions. Research and clinical practice could benefit from a standardized approach that allows for a more accurate and consistent assessment of caregiver strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cejalvo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Julia Gisbert-Pérez
- Department of Behavioural Sciences Methodology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Manuel Martí-Vilar
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Spain.
| | - Laura Badenes-Ribera
- Department of Behavioural Sciences Methodology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Spain
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Dorey JM, Pongan E, Padovan C, Chaillet A, Herrmann M, Krolak-Salmon P, Rouch I. Prodromal or mild Alzheimer's disease: Influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and premordid personality on caregivers' burden. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6114. [PMID: 38858800 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the burden on caregivers is influenced by various factors, including the stage of disease progression and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). To date, there has been limited research examining how patient's premorbid personality could affect this burden. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of both premorbid personality and NPS in individuals with prodromal to mild AD on their caregivers' burden. METHOD One hundred eighty participants with prodromal or mild AD drown from the PACO (in French: Personnalité Alzheimer COmportement) cohort were included. Personality was assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured with the short version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q), and caregiver burden was evaluated with the Zarit burden scale. Relationships between personality, Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores, and caregiver burden were determined using multivariate linear regressions controlled for age, sex, educational level, and Mini Mental State Examination. RESULTS The total NPI score was related to increased burden (beta = 0.45; p < 0.001). High level of neuroticism (beta = 0.254; p = 0.003) et low level of conscientiousness (beta = - 0.233; p = 0.005) were associated higher burden. Extraversion (beta = -0.185; p = 0.027) and conscientiousness (beta = -0.35; p = 0.006) were negatively associated with burden. In contrast, neuroticism, openness and agreeableness were not correlated with burden. When adjusted on total NPI score, the relationship between extraversion and conscientiousness didn't persist. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that premorbid personality of patients with prodromal to mild Alzheimer influence caregivers's burden, with a protective effect of a high level of extraversion and conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dorey
- Department of Aging Psychiatry, Hospital Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, Villeurbanne, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier - Neurocampus, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292 - PsyR2 - Lyon 1 University, Bron Cedex, France
| | - E Pongan
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, Villeurbanne, France
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR), Neurology Unit, Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - C Padovan
- Department of Aging Psychiatry, Hospital Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - A Chaillet
- Department of Aging Psychiatry, Hospital Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - M Herrmann
- Department of Aging Psychiatry, Hospital Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - P Krolak-Salmon
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, Villeurbanne, France
| | - I Rouch
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR), Neurology Unit, Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
- INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Takechi H, Yoshino H, Suzuki M, Maeda A, Suzumura S, Kamiya E. Characteristics of Changes in Caregiver Burden during Follow-up at a Memory Clinic: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:151-162. [PMID: 38405344 PMCID: PMC10894603 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Because dementia is a long-term condition, the appropriate involvement of health-care professionals is considered important. However, little is known about the factors associated with changes in family caregiver burden. Objective To clarify changes in family caregiver burden and associated factors during follow-up at a memory clinic. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 495 pairs of patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and their family caregivers. A total of 120 pairs completed the second evaluation. The caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data at the initial visit and after an average follow-up of about 2 years were compared and analyzed. Results At initial visit, the patients' mean age, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and ZBI scores were 78.6±5.6 years, 23.3±3.5, and 22.6±16.7, respectively. At follow-up, MMSE scores decreased (21.4±4.5, p < 0.001), but ZBI scores remained similar (22.5±13.6). When the difference in ZBI scores between the two time points was defined as ΔZBI, and the related factors were analyzed by multiple regression analysis, ZBI scores at the initial visit, start of psychotropic drug, and decrease of neuropsychiatric symptoms were identified as significant factors (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). A significant negative correlation was found between ZBI scores at the initial visit and ΔZBI (r = -0.588, p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest the importance of assessing changes in the burden experienced by family caregivers during the disease follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takechi
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshino
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Megumi Suzuki
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shota Suzumura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiko Kamiya
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
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Callahan LF, Samsell B, DiBenedetti D, Frangiosa T, Slota C, Biggar V, Paulsen R, Lappin D, Herring WL, Romano C. Evaluating Elements of the Care Partner Experience in Individuals Who Care for People with Alzheimer's Disease Across the Severity Spectrum. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:53-67. [PMID: 37889399 PMCID: PMC10787717 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-professional care partners play an important and often evolving role in the care of persons living with Alzheimer's disease (PLWAD). We investigated two elements of the care partner experience, namely time and strain incurred by care partners providing care to PLWAD across the severity spectrum. METHODS Data gathered from the Alzheimer's Disease Patient and Caregiver Engagement (AD PACE) What Matters Most (WMM) study series were analyzed to determine how much time care partners spent providing care to PLWAD based on where the care recipients lived. Additionally, quantitative assessments of weekly hours providing care and the strain experienced by care partners were conducted using the UsAgainstAlzheimer's A-LIST Insights Series survey, which included the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI). Finally, a targeted literature review was conducted to contextualize findings and characterize the existing literature landscape. RESULTS Care partners in the AD PACE WMM studies (n = 139) spent significantly more hours providing care for recipients who lived with someone (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 57.3 ± 44.3 h/week) than for recipients who lived alone (26.0 ± 12.0 h/week) (P = 0.0096) or lived in assisted living/nursing home (23.6 ± 14.4 h/week) (P = 0.0002). In the A-LIST Insights Series survey, care partners provided an overall mean (± SD) 58.1 ± 53.0 h of direct care each week, with caregiving hours increasing with increasing severity of AD/AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD). Additionally, care partners for recipients with mild (n = 14), moderate (n = 111), and severe AD/ADRD (n = 91) had overall mean MCSI scores of 9.0 ± 3.8 (range 2-14), 13.3 ± 4.8 (range 4-23), and 17.5 ± 5.3 (range 4-26), respectively, with higher scores suggesting greater care partner strain. CONCLUSIONS Persons living with AD require increasing levels of care along the spectrum of disease, and even individuals with early disease need care from partners. Early interventions that slow progression of AD and programs that improve family function may have beneficial impact on the experiences of care partners for recipients with mild, moderate, or severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Samsell
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William L Herring
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Romano
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Novais T, Qassemi S, Cestac P, McCambridge C, Villars H, Decaudin B, Dambrine M, Huvent-Grelle D, Roche J, Federico D, Krolak-Salmon P, Mouchoux C. Medication exposure of the dyad patient-caregiver in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:205-209. [PMID: 37532841 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and their caregivers can be defined as people with higher risk of developing medication-related problems due to aging and polypharmacy. AIM To assess the medication exposure of patient with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and their caregivers. METHOD Ancillary cross-sectional study based on baseline medication data of the PHARMAID RCT. The PHARMAID study was a multi-center RCT assessing an integrated pharmaceutical care at a psychosocial program. Older outpatients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and their older caregivers were eligible for inclusion. Baseline medication data were used to assess the medication exposure, illustrated by the number of medications, the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) using the EU(7)-PIM list and the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI). RESULTS Seventy-three dyads were included in this ancillary study. The mean numbers (SD) of medications used by patients was 6.8 (2.6) and by caregivers was 4.7 (3.7). Overall, 60.3% of patients used at least one PIM and 47.9% of caregivers. Regarding the medication regimen complexity, the mean MRCI was 16.3(8.1) for patients and 11.3(10.5) for caregivers. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirm the relevance of carrying out medication review with patients, but also with their caregivers who can be considered as hidden patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Novais
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, University Lyon1, 69000, Lyon, France.
| | - Soraya Qassemi
- REIPO Team, La Grave Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Cestac
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research (CERPOP), UMR 1027, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile McCambridge
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Villars
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research (CERPOP), UMR 1027, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
- Geriatric Department, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, University Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Pharmacie Institute, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Jean Roche
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Denis Federico
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC) - VCF (Aging - Brain - Frailty), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, 69000, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Mouchoux
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC) - VCF (Aging - Brain - Frailty), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, 69000, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), 69000, Lyon, France
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Chien SC, Chang YH, Yen CM, Onthoni DD, Wu IC, Hsu CC, Chiou HY, Chung RH. Exploring concepts and trends in informal caregiver burden: systematic review using citation network and content analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2873-2885. [PMID: 37907665 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in the aging population, informal caregivers have become an essential pillar for the long-term care of older individuals. However, providing care can have a negative impact and increase the burden on caregivers, which is a cause for concern. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to comprehensively depict the concept of "informal caregiver burden" through bibliometric and content analyses. METHODS We searched the Web of Science (WoS) database to obtain bibliometric data and included only papers published between 2013 and 2022. We used content analysis to extract and identify the core concepts within the text systematically. RESULTS Altogether, 934 papers were included in the bibliometric analysis, from which we selected 19 highly impactful papers for content analysis. The results indicate that researchers have focused on exploring the factors that impact informal caregiver burden. Meanwhile, there has been a widespread discussion regarding the caregiver burden among those caring for recipients with specific illnesses, such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, as these illnesses can contribute to varying levels of burden on informal caregivers. In addition, questionnaires and interviews emerged as the predominant methods for data collection in the realm of informal caregiver research. Furthermore, we identified 26 distinct assessment tools specifically tailored for evaluating burden, such as caregiver strain index (CSI). CONCLUSION For future studies, we suggest considering the intersectionality of factors contributing to the burden on informal caregivers. This approach could enhance the well-being of both caregivers and older care recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Chen Chien
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Yen
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan
| | - Djeane Debora Onthoni
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - I-Chien Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
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Yu T, Ren JW, Wang C, Liu SS, Cun W, Jiang Y. Remote interventions for informal caregivers of patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071461. [PMID: 37696638 PMCID: PMC10496682 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unclear whether remote interventions are effective in improving outcomes of informal caregivers of patients who had a stroke. We synthesised evidence for the impact of remote interventions on informal caregivers of patients who had a stroke. Moreover, we also analysed its potential effects on patients who had a stroke. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched from inception up to 1 February 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of remote interventions on informal caregivers who provide unpaid care for patients who had a stroke living at home compared with traditional interventions, including with respect to caregivers' mood, care burden, life satisfaction and perceived competence. Moreover, we considered the potential impact of remote interventions on the depressive and anxiety symptoms, functional rehabilitation and re-admission of patients who had a stroke. Only studies published in Chinese or English were included. We excluded studies of interventions aimed at healthcare professionals or patients who had a stroke and those that could not provide complete data. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data analyses were performed using RevMan V.5.3. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool for RCTs was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and the review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. For continuous outcomes, we calculated the mean difference or standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations method was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS Eight RCTs with a total of 733 participants were included. Compared with traditional interventions, for informal caregivers, we found that remote interventions did not produce significant effects on depressive symptoms (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.15), anxiety symptoms (SMD -0.26, 95% CI -0.94 to 0.43), care burden (SMD -0.06, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.45), life satisfaction (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.11), or perceived competence (SMD 0.37, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.96). Similarly, for patients who had a stroke, remote interventions had no significant effect on depression (SMD 0.16, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.93) or anxiety symptoms (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.72 to 0.04). The effects of remote interventions on functional rehabilitation and re-admission in patients who had a stroke were evaluated by three studies and two studies, respectively, but the studies were too varied to combine their data in meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that remote interventions for informal caregivers of patients who had a stroke have no significant superiority over traditional interventions. However, the quality of the included studies was low and more high-quality evidence is required to determine the possible impacts of remote interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022313544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Wen Ren
- Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Cun
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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García-Martín V, de Hoyos-Alonso MC, Delgado-Puebla R, Ariza-Cardiel G, Del Cura-González I. Burden in caregivers of primary care patients with dementia: influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms according to disease stage (NeDEM project). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:525. [PMID: 37644410 PMCID: PMC10463529 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiver burden is related to personal factors and patient characteristics and is greater when neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are present. OBJECTIVE Estimate the prevalence of burden among caregivers of dementia patients and its association with NPSs and identify NPSs causing greater caregiver distress according to dementia stage. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study in caregivers of noninstitutionalized dementia patients was conducted. Caregiver variables were sociodemographic, time of care, NPS-associated distress based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI-D) and burden based on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Patient variables were time since disease onset, Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) disease stage, functional assessment and NPS presence and intensity according to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The mean ZBI score, prevalence of burden and NPI-D score with 95% CIs at each dementia stage were estimated. Factors associated with burden were identified by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of the 125 caregivers included, 77.6% were women, with a mean age of 60.7 (± 14.3) years; 78.4% (95%CI: 71.0; 86.0) experienced burden. The mean ZBI score was 12.3 (95%CI: 11.6; 12.9) and increased according to NPS number (p = 0.042). The NPSs causing the most burden were disinhibition (93.5%), irritability (87.3%) and agitation (86.1%). Agitation, apathy, and sleep disorders were the NPSs generating the greatest overall caregiver distress; depression (max NPI-D 1.9), hyperactivity (max NPI-D 2.1), and psychosis symptoms (max NPI-D 1.6) generated the greatest distress at stage GDS 3, stages GDS 4-5, and stages GDS 6-7, respectively. The NPI score (OR = 1.0, 95%CI 1.0; 1.1), intensity of irritability (OR = 1.2, 95%CI 1.0; 1.6), disinhibition (OR = 2.6, 95%CI 1.1; 5.8) and hyperactivity subsyndrome (OR = 1.1, 95%CI 1.0; 1.2) were associated with caregiver burden. Other associated factors were female gender (OR = 6.0, 95%CI 1.6; 22.8), ≥ 8 h daily care (OR = 5.6, 95%CI 1.4; 22.8), working outside the home (OR = 7.6, 95%CI 1.8; 31.8), living with the patient (OR = 4.5, 95%CI 1.1; 19.6), kinship (OR = 5.4, 95%CI 1.0; 28.2) and lower patient education (OR = 8.3, 95%CI 2.3; 30.3). CONCLUSIONS The burden on caregivers of dementia patients is high and associated with NPS presence and intensity. Disinhibition and irritability caused the highest burden. Depression, hyperactivity and psychosis produce more distress in mild, mild-moderate and severe dementia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria García-Martín
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Rey Juan Carlos University), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Canto de Hoyos-Alonso
- Pedro Laín Entralgo Health Care Center, Primary Care Management, Madrid Health Service, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalía Delgado-Puebla
- Primary Care Management, Horta Health Care Center, Catalonia Health Service, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ariza-Cardiel
- Family and Community Medicine Teaching Unit Oeste, Primary Care Management, Madrid Health Service, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Del Cura-González
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Primary Care Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Rey Juan Carlos University), Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Ageing Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Zaalberg T, Barten DG, van Heugten CM, Klijnsma P, Knarren L, Hiemstra Y, Kurvers RAJ, Lekx AW, Mooijaart SP, Janssen-Heijnen M. Prevalence and risk factors of burden among caregivers of older emergency department patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7250. [PMID: 37142628 PMCID: PMC10160020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of older individuals that live independently at home is rising. These older individuals often rely on caregivers who have a similar age and health status. Therefore, caregivers may experience a high burden. We determined the prevalence and associating factors of burden among caregivers of older patients in the emergency department (ED). A cross-sectional study of primary caregivers of patients aged ≥ 70 years visiting the ED of a Dutch teaching hospital was performed. Structured interviews were conducted with patients and their caregivers. Caregiver burden was measured using the caregiver strain index (CSI). Additionally, data from questionnaires and medical records were extracted to determine potential associating factors. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify independent determinants for burden. Seventy-eight caregivers (39%) experienced a high burden. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between high caregiver burden and patients with cognitive impairment or dependency for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and more self-reported hours of care per day. Almost 40% of older patients in the ED have a caregiver who experiences a high burden. Formal assessment in the ED may help provide adequate care to the patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessel Zaalberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX, Venlo, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis G Barten
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M van Heugten
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Limburg Brain Injury Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Klijnsma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve Knarren
- Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Ytje Hiemstra
- Caregiver Representative, MantelzorgNL, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A J Kurvers
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Anita W Lekx
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maryska Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Bonin-Guillaume S, Arlotto S, Blin A, Gentile S. Family Caregiver's Loneliness and Related Health Factors: What Can Be Changed? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7050. [PMID: 35742304 PMCID: PMC9222605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Loneliness is a public health issue that may affect the entire population. Loneliness is associated with depression, sleep disorders, fatigue, and increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Risk factors for loneliness include having a poor social network and poor physical and mental health. The main objective was to study factors related to loneliness of family caregivers caring for independent older people. Methods: We performed a non-interventional observational cross-sectional study in south-eastern France. Family caregivers caring for people aged 70 and over and living at home were included. These older people were independent, without long-term conditions, and had applied for professional social assistance for daily living. Data were collected through a questionnaire, administered face-to-face or by telephone. Loneliness and perceived health status were measured through a single-question. Burden was assessed through the Mini-Zarit Scale, and frailty was measured through the Gerontopole Frailty Screening Tool. Results: Of the 876 family caregivers included, 10% felt lonely often or always. They reported more physical and mental health issues than those who did not feel loneliness (p < 0.001). Family caregivers with loneliness were more likely to be looking after a parent and were twice as likely to have a moderate to severe burden (OR = 2.6). They were more likely to feel anxious (OR = 5.6), to have sleep disorders (OR = 2.4), to be frail (OR = 2), and to view the status of their health as poor or bad (OR = 2). Conclusions: Loneliness has a negative impact on health, causes frailty, and places a burden on family caregivers. Means must be implemented to anticipate the consequences of the loneliness felt by family caregivers, notably by orienting them towards the relevant services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Bonin-Guillaume
- Neurosciences of Systems Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-Inserm 1106, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Internal Medicine and Geriatric Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Arlotto
- Service d’Evaluation Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.B.); (S.G.)
- Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center (EA 3279), School of Medicine, La Timone Medical Campus, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alice Blin
- Service d’Evaluation Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Stéphanie Gentile
- Service d’Evaluation Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.B.); (S.G.)
- Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center (EA 3279), School of Medicine, La Timone Medical Campus, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
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12
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Beaton D, McLaughlin PM, Orange JB, Munoz DP, Mandzia J, Abrahao A, Binns MA, Black SE, Borrie M, Dowlatshahi D, Freedman M, Fischer CE, Finger EC, Frank A, Grimes D, Hassan A, Kumar S, Lang AE, Levine B, Marras C, Masellis M, Pollock BG, Rajji TK, Ramirez J, Sahlas DJ, Saposnik G, Scott CJM, Seitz DP, Strother SC, Sunderland KM, Tan B, Tang-Wai DF, Troyer AK, Turnbull J, Zinman L, Swartz RH, Tartaglia MC, Breen DP, Kwan D, Roberts AC, The Ondri Investigators. Caregiving concerns and clinical characteristics across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders in the Ontario neurodegenerative disease research initiative. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 35633037 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Caregiving burdens are a substantial concern in the clinical care of persons with neurodegenerative disorders. In the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative, we used the Zarit's Burden Interview (ZBI) to examine: (1) the types of burdens captured by the ZBI in a cross-disorder sample of neurodegenerative conditions (2) whether there are categorical or disorder-specific effects on caregiving burdens, and (3) which demographic, clinical, and cognitive measures are related to burden(s) in neurodegenerative disorders? METHODS/DESIGN N = 504 participants and their study partners (e.g., family, friends) across: Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI; n = 120), Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 136), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n = 38), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 53), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD; n = 157). Study partners provided information about themselves, and information about the clinical participants (e.g., activities of daily living (ADL)). We used Correspondence Analysis to identify types of caregiving concerns in the ZBI. We then identified relationships between those concerns and demographic and clinical measures, and a cognitive battery. RESULTS We found three components in the ZBI. The first was "overall burden" and was (1) strongly related to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI severity r = 0.586, NPI distress r = 0.587) and decreased independence in ADL (instrumental ADLs r = -0.566, basic ADLs r = -0.43), (2) moderately related to cognition (MoCA r = -0.268), and (3) showed little-to-no differences between disorders. The second and third components together showed four types of caregiving concerns: current care of the person with the neurodegenerative disease, future care of the person with the neurodegenerative disease, personal concerns of study partners, and social concerns of study partners. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the experience of caregiving in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases is individualized and is not defined by diagnostic categories. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting ADL and neuropsychiatric symptoms with caregiver-personalized solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Beaton
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula M McLaughlin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Medicine - Geriatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Joseph B Orange
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mandzia
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm A Binns
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Western University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Morris Freedman
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Frank
- Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Grimes
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ayman Hassan
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Clinical Science Division, Depart of Internal Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Edward Lang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Demetrios J Sahlas
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Outcomes and Decision Neuroscience Research Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J M Scott
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dallas P Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly M Sunderland
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Tan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F Tang-Wai
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Hospital Network Memory Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela K Troyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuropsychology & Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Turnbull
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre Memory Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David P Breen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donna Kwan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Angela C Roberts
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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13
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da Rocha CG, Perrenoud B, Ramelet AS. Perceptions of Burden and Preparedness for Caregiving among the Family Caregivers of Hospitalised Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35200524 PMCID: PMC8872519 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing care needs of older adults, family caregivers are more and more solicited. This can have a negative impact on their quality of life related to a lack of preparedness for caregiving and feelings of burden. OBJECTIVES To measure perceptions of burden and preparedness for caregiving among the family caregivers of hospitalised older adults, and to explore their possible associations. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted in two university hospital geriatrics wards in Switzerland. Principal family caregivers of hospitalised older adults were invited to complete sociodemographic, the Zarit Burden Interview, and the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale questionnaires. Descriptive and correlational data analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 38 responding caregivers, 80% provided informal care to their spouse or parent; 45% reported a lack of preparedness to provide care and 61% reported substantial levels of burden. There was no statistically significant correlation between preparedness and burden (ρ ≤ -0.30, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of caregivers reported burden and a lack of preparedness. Healthcare professionals should provide adequate support to help informal caregivers to fulfil their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gomes da Rocha
- Acute Geriatric Care Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 5, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Perrenoud
- Nursing Directorate, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- La Source Institute and School of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue Vinet 30, CH-1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sylvie Ramelet
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Biopôle 2, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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14
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O’Caoimh R, Calnan M, Dhar A, Molloy DW. Prevalence and Predictors of Caregiver Burden in a Memory Clinic Population. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:739-747. [PMID: 34755048 PMCID: PMC8543373 DOI: 10.3233/adr-201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although caregiver burden is common among carers of people with dementia, little is known about its prevalence and predictors among caregivers of patients attending memory clinics. OBJECTIVE To examine carer and patient-specific characteristics associated with caregiver burden across the cognitive spectrum in a memory clinic population. METHODS Consecutive patients referred to a university hospital geriatric memory clinic were included. Caregiver burden was scored using the Caregiver Burden Score (CBS), (modified Zarit), with scores≥15/30 suggesting burden. BPSD were measured with the dysfunctional behaviour rating instrument (DBRI). Cognition was screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen. RESULTS In all, 351 patients were included, median age 77 (±11) years; 65.5% were female. The prevalence of caregiver burden was 33.6% overall, increasing from 10.8% in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), to 15% in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 43% in dementia; CBS scores were significantly higher in dementia (p < 0.001). Caregivers with burden were significantly younger (p = 0.045) and were more likely to be adult children (p = 0.007). The CBS weakly correlated with the stage of cognitive impairment (r = 0.16) but had moderate correlation with MoCA (r = -0.54) and Qmci scores (r = -0.60). After adjustment for co-variates, DBRI scores alone independently predicted burden (odds ratio 1.23;1.11-1.35, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Caregiver burden is associated with the stage of cognitive impairment, with higher prevalence proportions in those with dementia compared with MCI and SCD. Only the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms independently predicted caregiver burden in this population and its presence should prompt assessment for burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rónán O’Caoimh
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, St Finbarr’s Hospital, Cork City, Ireland
- Health Research Board, Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork City, Ireland
| | - Mareeta Calnan
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, St Finbarr’s Hospital, Cork City, Ireland
| | - Arup Dhar
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- NeuroCentrix, Noble Park, VIC, Australia
| | - D. William Molloy
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, St Finbarr’s Hospital, Cork City, Ireland
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15
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Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Lee SH, Jang JW, Jhoo JH, Lee JH. Relationship of Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality with Caregiver Burden in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2020.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Pongan E, Dorey JM, Borg C, Getenet JC, Bachelet R, Lourioux C, Laurent B, Rey R, Rouch I. COVID-19: Association Between Increase of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia During Lockdown and Caregivers' Poor Mental Health. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1713-1721. [PMID: 33646163 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From March 2020, the support and care systems for caregivers and people with dementia (PWD) were suspended or dramatically changed due to the lockdown during the world pandemic of COVID-19. Thus, these changes in living conditions have had deleterious consequences on the behavior of PWD and subsequently on their caregivers' mental health, the two being linked. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to examine changes in behavior among PWD and to look for associations between the evolution of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregivers' mental health in the context of COVID-19. METHODS The study was conducted among caregivers of PWD living at home in France. Caregivers were interviewed via an anonymous cross-sectional online survey during the first lockdown between April 15 and June 15, 2020. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-nine caregivers accompanying a relative living at home participated in the study; 43.3%of the PWD presented a worsening of BPSD during the lockdown. With multivariate logistic regressions, a significant association was observed between "more BPSD" and burden, anxiety and depression, between "BPSD equivalent" and anxiety and depression, and between "emerging BPSD" and only depression. CONCLUSION The lockdown seems to have an impact on behavioral disorders in PWD and these disorders are associated with poorer mental health of caregivers. Our findings suggest attention should be given to caregivers of PWD who have BPSD before lockdown and the need for continued consultations and professional help in case of new lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Pongan
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, CHU de Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France.,Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Céline Borg
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, CHU de Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Jean Claude Getenet
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, CHU de Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Romain Bachelet
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Bernard Laurent
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, CHU de Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Romain Rey
- Psychiatry Unit, Centre hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Isabelle Rouch
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, CHU de Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France.,Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Sardella A, Lenzo V, Alibrandi A, Catalano A, Corica F, Quattropani MC, Basile G. A Clinical Bridge between Family Caregivers and Older Adults: The Contribution of Patients' Frailty and Optimism on Caregiver Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073406. [PMID: 33806026 PMCID: PMC8037634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The association between caregiver burden and the physical frailty of older adults has been the object of previous studies. The contribution of patients’ dispositional optimism on caregiver burden is a poorly investigated topic. The present study aimed at investigating whether older adults’ multidimensional frailty and optimism might contribute to the burden of their family caregivers. The Caregiver Burden Inventory was used to measure the care-related burden of caregivers. The multidimensional frailty status of each patient was evaluated by calculating a frailty index, and the revised Life Orientation Test was used to evaluate patients’ dispositional optimism. The study involved eighty family caregivers (mean age 64.28 ± 8.6) and eighty older patients (mean age 80.45 ± 7.13). Our results showed that higher frailty status and lower levels of optimism among patients were significantly associated with higher levels of overall burden and higher burden related to the restriction of personal time among caregivers. Patients’ frailty was additionally associated with caregivers’ greater feelings of failure, physical stress, role conflicts, and embarrassment. Understanding the close connection between patient-related factors and the burden of caregivers appears to be an actual challenge with significant clinical, social, and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.Q.)
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, “Dante Alighieri” University for Foreigners of Reggio Calabria, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Science, Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Geriatrics, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Corica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Geriatrics, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria C. Quattropani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.Q.)
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Geriatrics, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Brown MJ, Cohen SA. Informal Caregiving, Poor Mental Health, and Subjective Cognitive Decline: Results From a Population-Based Sample. J Gerontol Nurs 2020; 46:31-41. [PMID: 33232495 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20201106-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined potential gender differences in the associations between informal caregiving, poor mental health, and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Data were obtained from the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 16,042; 9,410 women, 6,632 men). Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted βs and odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) depicting the association between informal caregiving, poor mental health, and SCD overall and by gender. Caregiving was positively associated with poor mental health among men (adjusted β = 2.60; 95% CI [2.59, 2.62]) and women (adjusted β = 0.40; 95% CI [0.23, 0.57]). Poor mental health was positively associated with SCD among men (adjusted OR = 1.05; 95% CI [1.02, 1.08]) and women (adjusted OR = 1.07; 95% CI [1.04, 1.10]). Poor mental health may be associated with SCD, irrespective of gender, and additional studies are needed that will identify key variables influencing SCD among male and female informal caregivers. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(12), 31-41.].
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Broekema S, Paans W, Roodbol PF, Luttik MLA. Effects of family nursing conversations on families in home health care: A controlled before-and-after study. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:231-243. [PMID: 33068016 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of family nursing conversations on family caregiver burden, patients' quality of life, family functioning and the amount of professional home health care. DESIGN A controlled before-and-after design. METHODS Intervention group families participated in two family nursing conversations incorporated in home health care; control group families received usual home health care. Patients and family members completed a set of questionnaires on entering the study and 6 months later to assess family caregiver burden, family functioning and patients' quality of life. The amount of home health care was extracted from patient files. Data were collected between January 2018-June 2019. RESULTS Data of 51 patients (mean age 80; 47% male) and 61 family members (mean age 67; 38% male) were included in the results. Family caregiver burden remained stable in the intervention group whereas it increased in the control group. Family functioning improved significantly compared with the control group for patients and family members in the intervention group. No significant effects on patients' quality of life emerged. The amount of professional home health care decreased significantly in the intervention group whereas it remained equal in the control group. CONCLUSION Family nursing conversations prevented family caregiver burden, improved family functioning, but did not affect patients' quality of life. In addition, the amount of home health care decreased following the family nursing conversations. IMPACT Countries with ageing populations seek to reduce professional and residential care and therefore encourage family caregiving. Intensive family caregiving, however, places families at risk for caregiver burden which may lead to increased professional care and admission into residential care. This study demonstrates that family nursing conversations help nurses to prevent family caregiver burden and improve family functioning while decreasing the amount of home health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Broekema
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter Paans
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petrie F Roodbol
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise A Luttik
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Predicting Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers for the Elderly in Ecuador. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197338. [PMID: 33049971 PMCID: PMC7579437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Informal caregivers are the main providers of care for the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the predictive value of different variables regarding caregivers and their elderly patients with respect to the caregiver’s burden. A convenience sample of 688 informal caregivers and 688 elderly people from Ecuador was surveyed. Only households with one caregiver and one elderly person were considered for the study. For informal caregivers, the following standardized measures were obtained: burden (Zarit Burden Interview), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated, EPQR-A), caregiver’s general health (GHQ-12), and social support (modified Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, FSSQ11). For the elderly, we employed standardized measures of cognitive function (short portable mental status questionnaire, SPMSQ), Pfeiffer’s test, and functional dependency (Barthel scale/Index, BI). Females were over-represented in caregiving and reported significantly higher burden levels than those of males. In both male and female caregivers, the burden was best predicted by the time of caring, neuroticism, and elderly cognitive impairment. However, some predictors of burden were weighted differently in males and females. The functional independence of the elderly was a significant predictor of burden for male caregivers but not females, while caregiver competence was a significant predictor for females but not males. These variables accounted for more than 88% of the variability in informal caregivers.
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21
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Leng M, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Li C, Wang Z. Internet-Based Supportive Interventions for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19468. [PMID: 32902388 PMCID: PMC7511858 DOI: 10.2196/19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caring for people with dementia is perceived as one of the most stressful and difficult forms of caring. Family caregivers always experience high levels of psychological burden and physical strain, so effective and practical support is essential. Internet-based supportive interventions can provide convenient and efficient support and education to potentially reduce the physical and psychological burden associated with providing care. Objective This review aimed to (1) assess the efficacy of internet-based supportive interventions in ameliorating health outcomes for family caregivers of people with dementia, and (2) evaluate the potential effects of internet-based supportive intervention access by caregivers on their care recipients. Methods An electronic literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases was conducted up to January 2020. Two reviewers (ML and YZ) worked independently to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria and independently extracted data. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the approach recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were applied to calculate the pooled effect sizes. Results In total, 17 RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis showed that internet-based supportive interventions significantly ameliorated depressive symptoms (SMD=–0.21; 95% CI –0.31 to –0.10; P<.001), perceived stress (SMD=–0.40; 95% CI –0.55 to –0.24; P<.001), anxiety (SMD=–0.33; 95% CI –0.51 to –0.16; P<.001), and self-efficacy (SMD=0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.33; P=.007) in dementia caregivers. No significant improvements were found in caregiver burden, coping competence, caregiver reactions to behavioral symptoms, or quality of life. Six studies assessed the unintended effects of internet-based supportive intervention access by caregivers on their care recipients. The results showed that internet-based supportive interventions had potential benefits on the quality of life and neuropsychiatric symptoms in care recipients. Conclusions Internet-based supportive interventions are generally effective at ameliorating depressive symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-efficacy in dementia caregivers and have potential benefits on care recipients. Future studies are encouraged to adopt personalized internet-based supportive interventions to improve the health of family caregivers and their care recipients. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42020162434; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=162434
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Leng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Beijing, China
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22
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Ilik F, Büyükgöl H, Kayhan F, Ertem DH, Ekiz T. Effects of Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Caregivers' Depression on Caregiver Burden. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2020; 33:243-249. [PMID: 31526077 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719874123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISBs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), and of caregivers' depression, on the caregiver burden. METHOD One hundred forty three patients with AD and their caregivers were included in the study. Sixty-five patients without AD who needed care due to their disability and their caregivers were enrolled for the comparison. Depression in caregivers was diagnosed using The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (SCID-I). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used to evaluate the severity of AD. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess the NPSs of patients. Caregiver burden was evaluated using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). RESULTS Inappropriate sexual behaviors were found in 13 (9.1%) of the AD group. Inappropriate sexual behaviors were more common in moderate or severe AD (P = .009, χ2 = 9.396). The prevalence of depression (n = 38, 26.6%) was higher in caregivers of AD group with ISBs (P = .000, χ2 = 24.69). The ZBI scores of caregivers of patients with AD were higher than the comparison group. In addition, the ZBI scores of caregivers of patients with AD were significantly higher in the AD group with ISB, a high total score of NPI, and a low score of MMSE. The caregivers of AD group with depression had higher ZBI scores (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The severity of AD, the presence of NPSs in patients, and major depression in caregivers were risk factors for an increased caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Ilik
- Department of Neurology, KTO University Medical Faculty affiliated Konya Medicana Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Büyükgöl
- Department of Neurology, KTO University Medical Faculty affiliated Konya Medicana Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kayhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Private Institution, Konya, Turkey
| | - Devrimsel Harika Ertem
- University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Timur Ekiz
- İstanbul Gedik University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, İstanbul, Turkey
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Kamalzadeh L, Salehi M, Rashedi V, Ahmadzad Asl M, Malakouti SK, Seddigh R, Almasi-Doghaee M, Shariati B. Perceived burden of dementia care, clinical, psychological and demographic characteristics of patients and primary caregivers in Iran. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:627-638. [PMID: 32749153 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1798960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving for dependent older adults with dementia has become an important public health issue. However, not much is known about the caregiver experience for caregivers of patients with dementia in Iran. This study was designed to examine the relationship between variables pertaining to primary caregivers and patients and the level of perceived caregiver burden. The participants of this cross-sectional study were 60 caregiver and care-recipient pairs presented to Rasoul-e Akram hospital and Brain and Cognition Clinic, in Tehran, Iran. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), the General health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, T-test, and multiple linear regression analyses were used in this study. Years of caregiving, hours of caregiving/week, total and subscale GHQ-28 scores, existential well-being subscale score on SWBS, and total NPI score were found to be significantly associated with the level of caregiving burden (p < 0.05). In addition, among the caregivers' personality traits, neuroticism and agreeableness predicted caregiver burden. Other sociodemographic factors and MMSE scores were not found to be significantly related to caregiver burden. A better understanding of the indicators of caregiver burden can help physicians, policy makers, and mental health managers to tailor the most appropriate preventative and remedial interventions for family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kamalzadeh
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Salehi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Ahmadzad Asl
- Research Center of Addiction and Risky Behavior, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ruohollah Seddigh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Almasi-Doghaee
- Department of Neurology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Shariati
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dauphinot V, Boublay N, Moutet C, Achi S, Bathsavanis A, Krolak-Salmon P. Comparison of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living assessment by face-to-face or telephone interviews: a randomized, crossover study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:24. [PMID: 32169093 PMCID: PMC7068883 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The functional autonomy assessment is essential to manage patients with a neurodegenerative disease, but its evaluation is not always possible during a consultation. To optimize ambulatory autonomy assessment, we compared the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire collected by telephone and face-to-face interviews. Methods A randomized, crossover study was carried out among patients attending a memory clinic (MC). The IADL questionnaire was collected for patients during telephone and face-to-face interviews between nurses and patients’ caregivers. The agreement between the two methods was measured using the proportion of participants giving the same response, Cohen’s kappa, intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient, and Bland and Altman method. The associations between patients’ characteristics, events occurring between the two assessments, and agreement were assessed. Results Among the 292 patients (means ± SD age 81.5 ± 7, MMSE 19.6 ± 6, 39.7% with major neurocognitive disorders) analyzed, the proportion of agreement between the two modes was 89.4% for the total IADL score. Weighted kappa coefficient was 0.66 and ICC score was 0.91 for total IADL score. The mean difference between the IADL score by telephone or face-to-face was 0.32. Overall, 96.9% of measures lay within the 95% limits of agreement. The occurrence of fall was less likely associated with the probability to lie within the 95% limits of agreement (OR = 0.07 [0.02–0.27]). Conclusion The administration of IADL by telephone with the caregiver appears to be an acceptable method of assessment for MC patients compared to face-to-face interview. The events such as falls which could occur in a time close to the evaluation should be reported. Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02654574. Retrospectively registered: 13 January 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dauphinot
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Hôpital des Charpennes, 27 rue Gabriel Péri, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Nawèle Boublay
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Moutet
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Achi
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Bathsavanis
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, F-69000, Lyon, France
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25
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Novais T, Chomel M, Dauphinot V, Mouchoux C. Caregiver in Alzheimer's disease, pharmacist, and pharmacy technician attitudes and knowledge about caregiver burden screening in community pharmacies. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 78:199-205. [PMID: 32037030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore caregiver, pharmacist and pharmacy technician attitudes toward burden screening in community pharmacies and assess caregiver burden in community pharmacies. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 10 community pharmacies in France. Pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease were included in this study. Two self-reported questionnaires were used to explore attitudes of participants toward the burden screening in community pharmacy and to assess the caregiver burden in community pharmacy. The short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (range 0-7) was used for the burden screening. RESULTS Fifty-two pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, and 20 caregivers (61.8±13.7years) participated in this study. Seventy percent of caregivers and 96% of pharmacists/pharmacy technicians stated that caregiver burden screening should be conducted in community pharmacies. 65% of caregivers reported their caregiver status to their community pharmacist. Eighty-two percent of pharmacist/pharmacy technicians thought they had to inform the caregiver's general practitioners (GP) about the detected burden level. Of the 20 included caregivers, 18 had a perception of burden. The mean caregiver burden score detected in this exploratory study was 4.0±1.7, corresponding to a moderate to severe burden. CONCLUSIONS According to caregivers' opinion, community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians represent accessible health care professionals in primary care to quantify caregiver burden. The burden screening can be easily incorporated into clinical service offerings in community pharmacy practice. It provides a valuable opportunity to identify high-risk caregivers with the aim of referring them to their GP to prevent the caregiver's frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Novais
- EA-7425 HESPER, Health Services and Performance Research, université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France; Service pharmaceutique, hôpital des Charpennes, hospices civils de Lyon, 69100 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - M Chomel
- Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - V Dauphinot
- Centre mémoire ressource et recherche de Lyon (CMRR), hôpital des Charpennes, hospices civils de Lyon, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - C Mouchoux
- Service pharmaceutique, hôpital des Charpennes, hospices civils de Lyon, 69100 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Équipe dynamique cérébrale et cognition, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, centre de recherche en neuroscience de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
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Factors associated with long-term impact on informal caregivers during Alzheimer's disease dementia progression: 36-month results from GERAS. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:267-277. [PMID: 31134870 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, factors associated with subjective (personal, physical, emotional, and social) and objective (informal caregiver time and costs) caregiver burden. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal European observational study: post-hoc analysis. SETTING Clinic. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling patients in France and Germany aged ≥ 55 years (n = 969) with probable AD and their informal caregivers. MEASUREMENTS Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL), 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), informal caregiver basic and instrumental ADL hours (Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument), and informal caregiver costs. Mixed-effect models of repeated measures (MMRM) were run, including baseline and time-dependent covariates (change from baseline [CFB] to 18 months in MMSE, ADCS-ADL, and NPI-12 scores) associated with CFB in ZBI score/informal caregiver time over 36 months (analyzed using linear regression models) and informal caregiver costs over 36 months (analyzed using generalized linear models). RESULTS Greater decline in patient function (ADCS-ADL) over 18 months was associated with increased subjective caregiver burden (ZBI), hours, and costs over 36 months. Increased behavioral problems (NPI-12) over 18 months also negatively impacted ZBI. Cognitive decline (MMSE) over 18 months did not affect change in caregiver burden. CONCLUSIONS Long-term informal caregiver burden was driven by worsening functional abilities and behavioral symptoms but not cognitive decline, over 18 months in community-dwelling patients with AD dementia. Identifying the drivers of caregiver burden could highlight areas in which interventions may benefit both caregivers and patients.
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O'Caoimh R, O'Donovan MR, Monahan MP, Dalton O'Connor C, Buckley C, Kilty C, Fitzgerald S, Hartigan I, Cornally N. Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Nursing Home Restrictions on Visitors of Residents With Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study as Part of the Engaging Remotely in Care (ERiC) Project. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:585373. [PMID: 33192731 PMCID: PMC7649131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected older people. Visiting restrictions introduced since the start of the pandemic in residential care facilities (RCFs) may impact negatively on visitors including close family, friends, and guardians. We examined the effects of COVID-19 visiting restrictions on measures of perceived loneliness, well-being, and carer quality of life (QoL) amongst visitors of residents with and without cognitive impairment (CI) in Irish RCFs. Methods: We created a cross-sectional online survey. Loneliness was measured with the UCLA brief loneliness scale, psychological well-being with the WHO-5 Well-being Index and carer QoL with the Adult Carer QoL Questionnaire (support for caring subscale). Satisfaction with care ("increased/same" and "decreased") was measured. A history of CI was reported by respondents. Sampling was by convenience with the link circulated through university mail lists and targeted social media accounts for 2 weeks in June 2020. Results: In all, 225 responses were included of which 202 noted whether residents had reported CI. Most of the 202 identified themselves as immediate family (91%) and as female (82%). The majority (67%) were aged between 45 and 64 years. Most (80%) reported that their resident had CI. Approximately one-third indicated reduced satisfaction (27%) or that restrictions had impaired communication with nursing home staff (38%). Median loneliness scores were 4/9, well-being scores 60/100 and carer QoL scores 10/15. Visitors of those with CI reported significantly lower well-being (p = 0.006) but no difference in loneliness (p = 0.114) or QoL (p = 0.305). Reported CI (p = 0.04) remained an independent predictors of lower WHO-5 scores, after adjusting for age, sex, RCF location, and dementia stage (advanced), satisfaction with care (reduced), and perception of staff support measured on the Adult Carer QoL Questionnaire. Conclusion: This survey suggests that many RCF visitors experienced low psychosocial and emotional well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown. Visitors of residents with CI report significantly poorer well-being as measured by the WHO-5 than those without. Additional research is required to understand the importance of disrupted caregiving roles resulting from visiting restrictions on well-being, particularly on visitors of residents with CI and how RCFs and their staff can support visitors to mitigate these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rónán O'Caoimh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark R O'Donovan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret P Monahan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Buckley
- Northridge House Education and Research Centre, St. Lukes Home, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caroline Kilty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irene Hartigan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicola Cornally
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Connors MH, Seeher K, Teixeira-Pinto A, Woodward M, Ames D, Brodaty H. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Caregiver Burden: A 3-Year-Longitudinal Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:1206-1215. [PMID: 31230914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common, affecting 10%-35% of people over 65, and poses unique challenges for patients and their caregivers. Comparatively little research has examined caregiver burden in this population, with longitudinal research, in particular, lacking. We examined caregiver burden in a sample of people with MCI over 3 years. DESIGN Three-year observational study. SETTING Nine memory clinics in Australia. PARTICIPANTS One-hundred-and-eighty-five people with MCI and their caregivers. MEASUREMENTS Measures of caregiver burden, cognition, function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, driving status, and medication use were completed with patients and their caregivers at regular intervals over a 3-year period. RESULTS Between 21.1% and 29.5% of caregivers reported a clinically significant level of burden over the study. Patients' higher levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms, lower functional ability, and lack of driving ability, and caregivers' employment were associated with greater caregiver burden over time. Caregiver burden did not increase over time when controlling for patient and caregiver characteristics. CONCLUSIONS High levels of caregiver burden are present in a significant proportion of caregivers of people with MCI. Clinical characteristics of patients - including severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment - and the employment status of caregivers predict burden. Such characteristics may help identify caregivers at greater risk of burden to target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Connors
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrin Seeher
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Melbourne, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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29
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Isik AT, Soysal P, Solmi M, Veronese N. Bidirectional relationship between caregiver burden and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1326-1334. [PMID: 30198597 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to make a state of the art of the potential influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) on caregiver stress and vice versa. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for potential eligible articles. RESULTS Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually need high levels of care in all activities of daily living, most of them provided by family members, friends, or informal caregivers. Caregivers have to cope with both age-related conditions and dementia-related factors. Therefore, caregiving in dementia is more difficult and stressful than caregiving for older adults, affected by other conditions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, agitation, disinhibition, aggressive behavior, and sleep disturbances are more closely related to caregiver burden, and associated with more negative outcomes such as decline in their general health, quality of life, and social isolation. Caregiver burden worsens relationship between caregiver and patients with AD. Thus, this relationship may increase the frequency and severity of NPs. Predictors of burden were being a woman, a spouse, and old person with immature coping mechanisms, social isolation, with insufficient knowledge about dementia, poor premorbid relationship with patient, and high levels of negative expressed emotions. CONCLUSION Because of the bidirectional relationship between caregiver burden and NPs, the active management strategies of dementia care should include early identification and treatment risk factors for both caregiver stress and NPs in patients with AD. Therefore, to improve one of them can be exert beneficial for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Turan Isik
- Unit for Aging Brain and Dementia, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Centro Neuroscienze Cognitive, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Geriatric Care, OrthoGeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Galliera Hospital, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
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30
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Williams KN, Perkhounkova Y, Shaw CA, Hein M, Vidoni ED, Coleman CK. Supporting Family Caregivers With Technology for Dementia Home Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz037. [PMID: 31660443 PMCID: PMC6794215 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The number of persons living with dementia (PLWD) in the United States will reach 16 million by 2050. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia challenge family caregivers and contribute to negative caregiver outcomes such as burden and depression. Available technology can support the delivery of effective interventions to families providing dementia care at home. The Supporting Family Caregivers with Technology for Dementia Home Care (FamTechCare) randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a telehealth intervention on caregiver outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The FamTechCare intervention provides tailored dementia-care strategies to in-home caregivers based on video recordings caregivers submit of challenging care situations. An expert team reviews the videos and provides individualized interventions weekly for the experimental group. In the telephone-support attention control group, caregivers receive feedback from an interventionist via the telephone based on caregiver retrospective recall of care challenges. Effects of the intervention on caregiver outcomes, including burden, depression, sleep disturbance, competence, desire to institutionalize the PLWD, and caregiver reaction to behavioral symptoms were evaluated by fitting linear mixed regression models to changes in the outcomes measured at 1 and 3 months. RESULTS FamTechCare caregivers (n = 42) had greater reductions in depression (p = .012) and gains in competence (p = .033) after 3 months compared to the attention control group (n = 41). Living in rural areas was associated with a reduction in depression for FamTechCare caregivers (p = .002). Higher level of education was associated with greater improvements or lesser declines in burden, competence, and reaction to behavioral symptoms for both the FamTechCare and attention control caregivers. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This research demonstrated benefits of using available technology to link families to dementia care experts using video-recording technology. It provides a foundation for future research testing telehealth interventions, tailored based on rich contextual data to support families, including those in rural or remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Hein
- University of Iowa, College of Nursing, Iowa City
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- University of Kansas, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway
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31
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Factors associated with high strain in caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Malaysia. Geriatr Nurs 2019; 40:380-385. [PMID: 30765175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study design involving a total of 230 participants, recruited through Alzheimer's Disease Foundation Malaysia (ADFM), was adopted to access and correlate caregiver strain index (CSI) and resilience (RES) levels of the AD caregivers with various patients' and caregivers' factors. Findings revealed that 77.7% of caregivers had a high level of stress, and there was a significant negative correlation between RES and CSI (P < 0.001). Care recipients' physical function was negatively associated with CSI level. Caregivers' gender and employment status were not directly associated with CSI but were significantly associated with caregivers' RES level. Among the mediator variables, years of care was related to increase CSI and adult-children of AD patients experienced a higher level of caregiver strain compared to the other caregiver groups (P = 0.025). Thus, interventions to improve the family caregivers' RES level, and support for AD patients will be helpful in lowering the strains of AD caregivers.
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32
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Novais T, Mouchoux C, Kossovsky M, Winterstein L, Delphin-Combe F, Krolak-Salmon P, Dauphinot V. Neurocognitive disorders: what are the prioritized caregiver needs? A consensus obtained by the Delphi method. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:1016. [PMID: 30594202 PMCID: PMC6311000 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The symptoms related to neurocognitive disorders (NCD) may lead to caregiver burden increase. Involving caregivers in research may be an effective way of improving the practicalities and relevance of interventions. The aim of this study was to gather opinion and gain consensus on the caregivers ‘priorities, using a Delphi method and including aspects of needs in pharmaceutical dimension. Methods Observational study using a modified Delphi method. This study was conducted in the Clinical and Research Memory Center of the University Hospital of Lyon (France), between September 2015 and January 2016. The expert panel was composed of 68 informal caregivers of people with subjective cognitive decline or NCD living at home. Results Caregivers assigned a very high importance to the dimension “information needs about their relative’s disease”, i.e. information on the disease, the treatment and the research; and to “coping skills”, i.e. skills related to emotional support, communication, relationship evolution with the relative and skills to cope with behavioural crisis, behavioural and cognitive disorders. The aspect “coping with behavioural disorders” received a high selection rate (83%). Conclusions The main needs selected can be used to design relevant interventions and give guidance to policy to support caregivers. To meet caregiver’s needs, interventions should focus on information about disease and treatment and psychoeducational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Novais
- EA-7425 HESPER, Health Services and Performance Research, University Lyon, F-69003, Lyon, France. .,Pharmaceutical Unit, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Lyon, France. .,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France.
| | - Christelle Mouchoux
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Kossovsky
- Department of Internal medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Winterstein
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Delphin-Combe
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- University Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Lyon, France
| | - V Dauphinot
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Lyon, France
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Depression and glioblastoma, complicated concomitant diseases: a systemic review of published literature. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 43:497-511. [PMID: 30094499 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-1017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. Depression is a common co-morbidity of this condition. Despite this common interaction, relatively little research has been performed on the development of GBM-associated depression. We performed a literary search of the PubMed database for articles published relating to GBM and depression. A total of 85 articles were identified with 46 meeting inclusion criteria. Depression significantly impacts care, decreasing medication compliance, and patient survival. Diagnostically, because depression and GBM share intricate neuro-connectivity in a way that effect functionality, these diseases can be mistaken for alternative psychological or pathological disorders, complicating care. Therapeutically, anti-depressants have anti-tumor properties; yet, some have been shown to interfere with GBM treatment. One reason for this is that the pathophysiological development of depression and GBM share several pathways including altered regulation of the 5-HT receptor, norepinephrine, and 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. Over time, depression can persist after GBM treatment, affecting patient quality of life. Together, depression and GBM are complicated concomitant diseases. Clinicians must be aware of their co-existence. Because of overlapping molecular pathways involved in both diseases, careful medication selection is imperative to avoid potential adverse interactions. Since GBMs are the most common primary brain cancer, physicians dealing with this disease should be prepared for the development of depression as a potential sequela of this condition, given the related pathophysiology and the known poor outcomes.
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Prevalence of mild behavioral impairment in mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline, and its association with caregiver burden. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:233-244. [PMID: 28879833 DOI: 10.1017/s104161021700151x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) describes later life acquired, sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in cognitively normal individuals or those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as an at-risk state for incident cognitive decline and dementia. We developed an operational definition of MBI and tested whether the presence of MBI was related to caregiver burden in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or MCI assessed at a memory clinic. METHODS MBI was assessed in 282 consecutive memory clinic patients with SCD (n = 119) or MCI (n = 163) in accordance with the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment - Alzheimer's Association (ISTAART-AA) research diagnostic criteria. We operationalized a definition of MBI using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). Caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit caregiver burden scale. Generalized linear regression was used to model the effect of MBI domains on caregiver burden. RESULTS While MBI was more prevalent in MCI (85.3%) than in SCD (76.5%), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). Prevalence estimates across MBI domains were affective dysregulation (77.8%); impulse control (64.4%); decreased motivation (51.7%); social inappropriateness (27.8%); and abnormal perception or thought content (8.7%). Affective dysregulation (p = 0.03) and decreased motivation (p=0.01) were more prevalent in MCI than SCD patients. Caregiver burden was 3.35 times higher when MBI was present after controlling for age, education, sex, and MCI (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS MBI was common in memory clinic patients without dementia and was associated with greater caregiver burden. These data show that MBI is a common and clinically relevant syndrome.
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Witt K, Stümpel J, Woopen C. Caregiver burden and the medical ethos. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2017; 20:383-391. [PMID: 28204949 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-017-9757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Are physicians sometimes morally required to ease caregiver burden? In our paper we defend an affirmative answer to this question. First, we examine the well-established principle that medical care should be centered on the patient. We argue that although this principle seems to give physicians some leeway to lessen caregivers' suffering, it is very restrictive when spelled out precisely. Based on a critical analysis of existing cases for transcending patient-centeredness we then go on to argue that the medical ethos should indeed contain a rule requiring physicians to alleviate caregiver burden under certain circumstances. Finally, we apply our findings to deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease. We present empirical data from a recent study of DBS indicating that spousal caregivers of Parkinson patients treated with DBS are sometimes deeply troubled by the effects of the therapy and discuss what moral obligations the treating physicians may have in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Witt
- Institut für Philosophie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 12, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Johanne Stümpel
- Forschungsstelle Ethik, Uniklinik Köln, Universitätsstr. 91, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Christiane Woopen
- Forschungsstelle Ethik, Uniklinik Köln, Universitätsstr. 91, 50931, Köln, Germany
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