1
|
Ramírez PC, de Oliveira Máximo R, Capra de Oliveira D, de Souza AF, Marques Luiz M, Bicigo Delinocente ML, Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, da Silva Alexandre T. Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome in Individual 50 Years of Age or Older: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1188-1195. [PMID: 38151869 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse whether dynapenic abdominal obesity is a risk factor for Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in individuals 50 years of age or older. DESIGN A longitudinal study was conducted with an eight-year follow-up. SETTING Representative sample of community-dwelling participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). PARTICIPANTS 3,952 individuals free of MetS at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Dynapenic abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference (> 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women) and grip strength (< 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women). The participants were classified as non-abdominally obese/non-dynapenic (NAO/ND - reference group), abdominally obese/non-dynapenic (AO/ND), non-abdominally obese/dynapenic (NAO/D) and abdominally obese/dynapenic (AO/D). The outcome was the incidence of MetS based on the presence of three or more of the following criteria: hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycaemia, low HDL cholesterol, arterial hypertension or body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 throughout eight-year follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of each component of MetS was also analyzed. Poisson regression models were run and controlled for sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical variables. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65 years and 55% were women. The prevalence of AO/ND, NAO/D and AO/D were 35.3, 4.3 and 2.2%, respectively. At the end of follow-up 558 incident cases of MetS were recorded. The adjusted model demonstrated that although abdominal obesity was a risk factor for MetS (IRR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.87 - 2.73), the IRR was greater in AO/D individuals (IRR: 3.34; 95% CI: 2.03 - 5.50) compared with ND/NAO group. Furthermore, ND/AO was a risk factor for incidence of hypertriglyceridemia (IRR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.52), hyperglycaemia (IRR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.69), low HDL cholesterol (IRR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.32 - 2.19) and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (IRR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.04 - 3.26) while D/AO was a risk factor for hyperglycaemia (IRR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.10), low HDL cholesterol (IRR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.10 - 5.08), and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (IRR: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.38 - 5.62). CONCLUSIONS Dynapenic abdominal obesity increases the risk of MetS, with a higher IRR compared to obesity alone. The understanding of this synergic action could guide specific clinical strategies, enabling the prevention of metabolic changes that can lead to cardiovascular disease, disability and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C Ramírez
- Tiago da Silva Alexandre. Departamento de Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310. CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo. Brazil. E-mail: ,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Associations of Dynapenic Obesity and Sarcopenic Obesity with the Risk of Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158277. [PMID: 35955411 PMCID: PMC9368708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased grip strength or physical function (dynapenia), and accumulation of fat mass. When the accumulation of fat mass synergistically accompanies low muscle mass or reduced grip strength, it results in sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity, respectively. These types of obesity contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly, which could increase the damage caused by COVID-19. In this review, we associated factors that could generate a higher risk of COVID-19 complications in dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity. For example, skeletal muscle regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and supports metabolic stress in pulmonary disease; hence, the presence of dynapenic obesity or sarcopenic obesity could be related to a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jung H, Tanaka S, Tanaka R. Body Composition Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Dynapenia or Sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:827114. [PMID: 35548573 PMCID: PMC9083455 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.827114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the differences in muscle and fat masses of the arm and leg between older adults with dynapenia, sarcopenia, or presarcopenia and normal individuals. The percent body fat, lean body mass, and skeletal mass index were measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle function was evaluated using grip strength and walking speed. Participants were classified into four categories. Dynapenia was defined as low muscle function with normal muscle mass. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both low muscle mass and low muscle function. Presarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass with normal muscle function. Control was defined as normal muscle mass and function. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed separately for women and men to test the main effect of sarcopenia category on body composition. Among the 356 enrolled participants, 270 were women, and 86 were men. In older women, the dynapenia and sarcopenia groups had significantly less muscle mass in the leg than the control group. In older men, the dynapenia group demonstrated a higher body fat mass in the leg than the control group. These results suggest that different strategies are necessary to prevent dynapenia in women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hungu Jung
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Sports, Health and Well-Being, Faculty of Human Health Science, Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Physical Therapy Major, School of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,*Correspondence: Ryo Tanaka
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen YY, Chen WL, Peng TC, Liaw FY, Chao YP, Kao TW. Relationship between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Taiwanese Older Adults. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-21. [PMID: 35318907 PMCID: PMC9991747 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence supports sarcopenia as an important parameter for predicting cardiometabolic risks. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, and cardiovascular risk among older community-dwelling adults. DESIGN The associations between dynapenia, sarcopenia, and Framingham risk score (FRS) were estimated by multivariate regression models. SETTING Muscle mass is estimated by skeletal muscle mass index using a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength is measured by handgrip strength using an analog isometric dynamometer. Physical performance is measured by gait speed using a 6-meter walking distance. Dynapenia was defined as low muscle strength and/or slow gait speed presents with normal muscle mass. The diagnosis of presarcopenia and sarcopenia was based on criteria proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2014. The FRS was used for evaluating 10-year coronary heart disease risk. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 65 years and older who attended health examinations from 2015 to 2017 were recruited. RESULTS There were totally 709 subjects enrolled in this study. Dynapenic men (n=47) had 17.70±5.08% FRS and sarcopenic women (n=74) had 7.74±6.06% FRS. Participants with presarcopenia had the lowest FRS (men: 15.41±5.35%; women: 5.25±3.70%). Men with dynapenia had higher FRS than the presarcopenia group with odds ratio (OR) of 2.52 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03-6.14). Women with sarcopenia had significantly higher FRS than the presarcopenia group with OR of 2.81 (95%CI: 1.09-7.27). CONCLUSION Older dynapenic men and older sarcopenic women had higher risks of 10-year coronary heart disease. Presarcopenic older adults had the lowest coronary heart disease risk in both genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, TaipeiTaiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ping Chao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Silva CA, Mendes RML, de Moraes Santana N, Dos Santos NF, Pinho CPS. Dynapenic abdominal obesity in hospitalized elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111512. [PMID: 34384888 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and dynapenia are cardiovascular risk factors. When present together, it is called dynapenic abdominal obesity and can potentiate adverse outcomes. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of dynapenic abdominal obesity and its relationship with prognostic markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is a hybrid study with a longitudinal component plus a cross-sectional component at baseline involving elderly patients admitted to a reference hospital in cardiology due to AMI in the Brazilian Northeast from May to October 2015. We analyzed patients' admission data and evaluated some prognostic markers up to two years after admission. We established abdominal obesity by measuring waist circumference (>102 cm for men and >88 cm for women) and dynapenia by handgrip strength (<27 kg/F for men and <16 kg/F for women). We considered the prognostic markers troponin and creatinine kinase - MB (CKMB), AMI classification according to ST segment elevation, TIMI score, need for coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery, complications during hospitalization and within two years after admission, and re-admission to the same service. We evaluated 92 patients with a mean age of 71.4 ± 7.5 years. The prevalence of abdominal obesity and dynapenia was 56.5% and 44.6%, respectively. The coexistence of the two conditions occurred in 25.0% of the patients, being higher among women (p < 0.001). When comparing the dynapenic abdominal obese groups with the group of patients who had one of the two isolated conditions we observed that, for a same mean age and clinical characteristics, patients with only one of the conditions had a higher CKMB (p = 0.046) and troponin median (p = 0.032). The presence of dynapenia in the groups of abdominal obese and non-abdominal obese individuals is not associated with risk marker parameters (p > 0.05). High prevalence of abdominal obesity and dynapenia occurred among patients with AMI and in a quarter of these both conditions coexisted. Dynapenic abdominal obesitydoes not increase the risk of adverse outcomes and isolated dynapenia is not a marker of a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clécia Alves da Silva
- Hospital das Clínicas - UFPE, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Maria Lins Mendes
- Cardiology Emergency Department of Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, s / n - Santo Amaro, Recife CEP: 50.100-060, PE, Brazil
| | - Natália de Moraes Santana
- Cardiology Emergency Department of Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, s / n - Santo Amaro, Recife CEP: 50.100-060, PE, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fernandes Dos Santos
- Cardiology Emergency Department of Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, s / n - Santo Amaro, Recife CEP: 50.100-060, PE, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Porto Sabino Pinho
- Clinical Nutrition Residency Program, Hospital das Clínicas - UFPE, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramsey KA, Rojer AGM, D'Andrea L, Otten RHJ, Heymans MW, Trappenburg MC, Verlaan S, Whittaker AC, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. The association of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle strength and muscle power in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101266. [PMID: 33607291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engaging in physical activity (PA) and avoiding sedentary behavior (SB) are important for healthy ageing with benefits including the mitigation of disability and mortality. Whether benefits extend to key determinants of disability and mortality, namely muscle strength and muscle power, is unclear. AIMS This systematic review aimed to describe the association of objective measures of PA and SB with measures of skeletal muscle strength and muscle power in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Six databases were searched from their inception to June 21st, 2020 for articles reporting associations between objectively measured PA and SB and upper body or lower body muscle strength or muscle power in community dwelling adults aged 60 years and older. An overview of associations was visualized by effect direction heat maps, standardized effect sizes were estimated with albatross plots and summarized in box plots. Articles reporting adjusted standardized regression coefficients (β) were included in meta-analyses. RESULTS A total of 112 articles were included representing 43,796 individuals (range: 21 to 3726 per article) with a mean or median age from 61.0 to 88.0 years (mean 56.4 % female). Higher PA measures and lower SB were associated with better upper body muscle strength (hand grip strength), upper body muscle power (arm curl), lower body muscle strength, and lower body muscle power (chair stand test). Median standardized effect sizes were consistently larger for measures of PA and SB with lower compared to upper body muscle strength and muscle power. The meta-analyses of adjusted β coefficients confirmed the associations between total PA (TPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and light PA (LPA) with hand grip strength (β = 0.041, β = 0.057, and β = 0.070, respectively, all p ≤ 0.001), and TPA and MVPA with chair stand test (β = 0.199 and β = 0.211, respectively, all p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher PA and lower SB are associated with greater skeletal muscle strength and muscle power, particularly with the chair stand test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keenan A Ramsey
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna G M Rojer
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luke D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - René H J Otten
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke C Trappenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Verlaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna C Whittaker
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, England, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kao TW, Peng TC, Chen WL, Han DS, Chen CL, Yang WS. Impact of adiposity on muscle function and clinical events among elders with dynapenia, presarcopenia and sarcopenia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7247-7258. [PMID: 33640880 PMCID: PMC7993704 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low muscle function determined unfavorable clinical outcome than low muscle mass; nevertheless, comparison of detrimental parameters among dynapenia, presarcopenia and sarcopenia was sparse. We hypothesized that adiposity is implicated in low muscle function related adverse events. METHODS We recruited community elders to measure handgrip strength and walking speed. Using bioelectronics impedance analyzer to examine body compositions. The faller is indicated of having a fall event in the past one year. Associations of different obesity parameters, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fall among the groups were analyzed. RESULTS Among 765 participants, the dynapenia group had higher metabolic profiles, body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference, and fat to muscle ratio (FMR) than the other groups, whereas the presarcopenia subjects had the lowest obesity parameters. The fallers tended to have poorer muscle function than non-fallers (p<0.001). The dynapenia individuals had the highest risk for MetS (odds ratio [OR]= 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 2.45-13.73), and the highest fall risk (OR= 3.11; 95% CI=1.41-6.87). Among obesity parameters, FMR had better diagnostic performance to estimate low muscle function, followed by BFP. CONCLUSION Dynapenia individual had higher risk of obese-related adverse events. Increased adiposity irrespective of muscle mass is relevant to reduced muscle function among elders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Obesity, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
SANTOS LD, MIRANDA CGM, SOUZA TCBD, BRITO TA, FERNANDES MH, CARNEIRO JAO. Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points. REV NUTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202134e200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To compare body composition of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia, defined by different cut-off points. Methods Body composition was assessed by electrical bioimpedance and the nutritional status by the body mass index. Dynapenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength, using the following cut-off points: handgrip strength <16kgf and <20 kgf. Results A total of 171 women (50 to 92 years of age) participated in the investigation. The mean age of non-dynapenic and dynapenic women (handgrip strength <20kgf) was 69.4±8.2 and 74.5±8.2 years, respectively. The mean age of women with dynapenia (handgrip strength <16kgf) was 75.0±10.1 years and non-dynapenic women, 71.1±8.2 years. It was found that dynapenic women, with handgrip strength <20 and <16kgf, had an average of 2.38 and 2.47kg less muscle mass respectively, when compared to non-dynapenic women (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in muscle mass between the different dynapenic groups. Non-dynapenic women (handgrip strength ≥20kgf) had more total (3.55kg) and central fat (1.47kg) (p<0.05). Conclusion Dynapenic women, diagnosed considering both cutoff points, had less total and segmental muscle mass compared to non-dynapenic women. In addition, dynapenic women with handgrip strength <20kgf had lower total and trunk adiposity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Khadra D, Itani L, Chebaro Y, Obeid M, Jaber M, Ghanem R, Ayton A, Kreidieh D, E Masri D, Kimura A, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2020; 16:153-162. [PMID: 32056530 PMCID: PMC7460704 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x16666200214104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
In the last two decades, a new phenotype termed Sarcopenic Obesity (SO), in which sarcopenia and obesity coexist, has emerged. Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (Mets) among individuals with and without SO, and second, to determine if SO may increase the relative risk of Mets. Methods
This study was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the data were collated by means of meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Results
Twelve studies including a total of 11,308 adults with overweight or obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, a similar overall prevalence of Mets in individuals with SO (61.49%; 95% CI: 52.19-70.40) when compared to those without SO (56.74%; 95% CI: 47.32-65.93) was identified. Second, the presence of SO appears not to increase the risk of Mets with respect to those without SO (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99-1.17, p = 0.07). Conclusion
No higher prevalence of Mets among individuals with SO when compared to those with obesity only, nor a significant association between SO and a higher risk of Mets was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dima Khadra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yomna Chebaro
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miryam Jaber
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reham Ghanem
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Agnes Ayton
- University of Oxford, Consultant Psychiatrist, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana E Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Akira Kimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Obesity, dynapenia, and their combination: Implications for bone mineral density in Brazilian adults-the Pró-Saúde study. Nutrition 2020; 81:110898. [PMID: 32739661 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in the presence or absence of dynapenia or obesity in Brazilian adults. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 502 adults (age: 33-81 y; 51% women) participating in the Pró-Saúde study, a cohort of civil servants at the university campuses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Body composition and BMD were determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer. According to measures of handgrip strength (≤19 kg for women; ≤32 kg for men) and fat mass (>30% for men; >40% for women), participants were classified into four groups: non-obese non-dynapenic, obese non-dynapenic, non-obese dynapenic, and obese dynapenic. The association between BMD at each specific bone site and obesity, dynapenia, and their interaction was evaluated using a general linear model. RESULTS The prevalence of dynapenic obesity was 14% in men and 15.2% in women. Dynapenia alone was not associated with BMD at any site in either men nor women. Obesity and dynapenia interacted to influence BMD in women (P < 0.05). Total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck BMD were higher by 6.3%, 9.3%, and 10.4%, respectively, in dynapenic obese women compared with their non-obese counterparts (P < 0.05). In men, obesity, dynapenia, and their combination were not associated with BMD at any site. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that dynapenia, obesity, and their combination may affect BMD in a sex-dependent manner. In the presence of dynapenia, fat mass appears to exert a protective effect on BMD in women, but not in men.
Collapse
|
11
|
Máximo RDO, Santos JLF, Perracini MR, Oliveira CD, Duarte YADO, Alexandre TDS. Abdominal obesity, dynapenia and dynapenic-abdominal obesity as factors associated with falls. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 23:497-505. [PMID: 30391361 PMCID: PMC6849078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether abdominal obesity, dynapenia and dynapenic-abdominal obesity are associated to the prevalence of single or recurrent falls in older adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 1,046 community-dwelling participants of the SABE Study (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento/Health, Well-Being and Ageing). Participants were classified as non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese, abdominal obese only, dynapenic only, and dynapenic-abdominal obese based on waist circumference (>102cm for men and >88cm for women) and handgrip strength (<26kg for men and <16kg for women). Multinomial logistic regression models were ran to determine associations between dynapenia/obesity/dynapenic-abdominal obesity and single/recurring falls, taking non-fallers as reference. RESULTS Abdominal obesity (RRR=1.90 95% CI: 1.02-3.55), dynapenia (RRR=1.80 95% CI: 1.02-3.19), and dynapenic-abdominal obesity (RRR=2.06 95% CI: 1.04-4.10) were associated with a single fall. A stronger association for dynapenic-abdominal obesity compared to the other two conditions alone was found. Dynapenia was the unique condition associated with recurrent falls (RRR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.13-4.81). CONCLUSION The present findings have important implications for the identification of older adults with a greater chance of falls and can help in the development of rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, abdominal obese, dynapenic, and dynapenic abdominal obese individuals should be target groups for the management of falls and their consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mônica Rodrigues Perracini
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Gerontology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaver LN, Beavers DP, Kiel J, Kritchevsky SB, Beavers KM. Effect of Intentional Weight Loss on Mortality Biomarkers in Older Adults With Obesity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1303-1309. [PMID: 30137218 PMCID: PMC7179512 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational research has identified several mortality biomarkers; however, their responsiveness to change is unknown. We tested whether the Healthy Aging Index (HAI) and other mortality biomarkers were responsive to intentional weight loss (WL), which is associated with lower mortality risk in recent meta-analyses. METHODS Older adults (70.3 ± 3.7 years) with obesity were randomized into a 6-month WL (n = 47) or weight stability (WS: ±5% baseline weight; n = 48) program. Baseline and 6-month HAI score (0-10) was calculated from component sum (each 0-2: systolic blood pressure, forced vital capacity [FVC], creatinine, fasting blood glucose [FBG], Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and gait speed, grip strength, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, FEV1, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and Cystatin-C were assessed at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Mean baseline HAI was 3.2 ± 1.6. By 6 months, WL participants lost 8.87 (95% CI: -10.40, -7.34) kg, whereas WS participants remained weight stable. WL group reduced HAI score (WL: -0.75 [95% CI: -1.11, -0.39] vs WS: -0.22 [95% CI: -0.60, 0.15]; p = .04), and components changing the most were FBG (WL: -3.89 [95% CI: -7.78, 0.00] mg/dL vs WS: 1.45 [95% CI: -2.61, 5.50] mg/dL; p = .047) and FVC (WL: 0.11 [95% CI: -0.01, 0.23] L vs WS: -0.05 [95% CI: -0.17, 0.08] L; p = .06). Among other biomarkers, only Cystatin-C significantly changed (WL: -2.53 [95% CI: -4.38, -0.68] ng/mL vs WS: 0.07 [95% CI: -1.85, 1.98] ng/mL; p = .04). Combining treatment groups, 1 kg WL was associated with a 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.12) HAI reduction (p < .01). CONCLUSION Intentional WL via caloric restriction reduced HAI score by 0.53 points, largely attributable to metabolic and pulmonary improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Shaver
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Department of Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kristen M Beavers
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khadra D, Itani L, Tannir H, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Association between sarcopenic obesity and higher risk of type 2 diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:311-323. [PMID: 31139318 PMCID: PMC6522758 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i5.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity is referred to as sarcopenic obesity (SO) and it has been hypothesized that the two components of SO may synergistically increase their negative effects. However, many uncertainties still surround this condition especially with regard to its potential negative effects on health outcomes.
AIM To conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with overweight and obesity and to investigate whether SO was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS This study was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development and quality appraisal were performed independently by two authors and the data were collated by means of meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.
RESULTS Of the 606 articles retrieved, 11 studies that comprised a total of 60118 adults with overweight and obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia is 43% in females and 42% in males who are with overweight and obesity. Secondly, the presence of SO increases the risk of T2D by 38% with respect to those without SO (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.27-1.50).
CONCLUSION A high prevalence of sarcopenia has been found among adults with overweight and obesity regardless of their gender and this condition seems to be associated with a higher risk of T2D. Clinician should be aware of this scenario in their clinical practice for the better management of both obesity and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dima Khadra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang KV, Wu WT, Huang KC, Jan WH, Han DS. Limb muscle quality and quantity in elderly adults with dynapenia but not sarcopenia: An ultrasound imaging study. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:54-61. [PMID: 29604401 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynapenia is prevalent in people with reduced skeletal muscle mass, i.e. sarcopenia, but a certain population develops muscle strength loss despite having normal skeletal muscle volume. To date, studies investigating muscle quality and quantity in groups with dynapenia but not sarcopenia are limited. METHODS Echogenicity and thickness of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, rectus femoris, and medial gastrocnemius muscles were measured using high-resolution ultrasonography in 140 community-dwelling elderly adults. Participants with decreased handgrip strength but normal muscular volume were diagnosed as having dynapenia without sarcopenia. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze the association between dynapenia and ultrasound indicators of the sampled muscle expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 140 participants were recruited for the study, 12.6% (n = 18) of whom had dynapenia. The dynapenia group had a higher mean age, higher proportion of women, slower fast gait speed, reduced handgrip strength, and decreased thicknesses of the biceps brachii, rectus femoris, and medial gastrocnemius muscles. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, dynapenia was associated with older age (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.33), higher body mass index (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.64), and decreased thicknesses of the rectus femoris (OR, 0.01; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.24) and medial gastrocnemius muscles (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.61). CONCLUSION Dynapenia without sarcopenia is associated with decreased thicknesses of the rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscles, an association that remains significant after adjustment for demographics, body composition, and physical performance. Ultrasound measurements of lower-limb muscle thickness can be considered an auxiliary criterion for evaluating dynapenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan; Community and Geriatric Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Community and Geriatric Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Han Jan
- Community and Geriatric Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan; Community and Geriatric Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Health Science and Wellness Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ha MS, Kim JH, Kim YS, Kim DY. Effects of aquarobic exercise and burdock intake on serum blood lipids and vascular elasticity in Korean elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:63-68. [PMID: 29154814 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elderly's health issues are often complex and tend to lead to chronic diseases; such issues can be due to a fitness decline resulting from a lack of physical activities. The burdock root is a blood purifier, lymphatic system strengthener, and natural diuretic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aquarobic exercise and burdock intake on serum blood lipids and vascular elasticity in elderly women by implementing a 12-week program with these interventions. METHODS Forty elderly female volunteer subjects aged 70 to 80years comprised the control group (n=8), aquarobic exercise group (n=11), aquarobic exercise and burdock intake combination group (n=11), and burdock intake group (n=10). The variables of serum blood lipids, and vascular elasticity were measured in all participants before and after the 12-week study. RESULTS Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels significantly decreased in the aquarobic exercise group and aquarobic exercise and burdock intake combination group (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). No statistically significant changes in pulse wave velocity were also found within or between the groups before and after participation in the 12-week program. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that aquarobic exercise and burdock intake improved the serum blood lipid levels and vascular elasticity of Korean elderly women. Additionally, burdock extract intake may be useful in vascular health by playing a secondary role in disease prevention and health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seong Ha
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sin Kim
- Department of Leisure Sports, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|