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Stanton AM, Goodman GR, Robbins GK, Looby SE, Williams M, Psaros C, Raggio G. Preventing cardiovascular disease in midlife women with HIV: An examination of facilitators and barriers to heart health behaviors. J Women Aging 2023; 35:223-242. [PMID: 35201972 PMCID: PMC9399314 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Midlife women with HIV (WWH) are disproportionately impacted by cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet little is known about perceptions of CVD risk and the factors that influence engagement in heart health behaviors in this population. Few (if any) studies have used a qualitative approach to examine these perceptions, which has important implications for minimizing the negative impact of HIV-related noncommunicable diseases, the risk for which increases after midlife. Eighteen midlife WWH (aged 40-59) in Boston, MA, completed semistructured interviews to explore perceptions of CVD, HIV, and barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle behaviors. Interviews were analyzed via thematic analysis. Participants viewed heart health as important but were unaware of HIV-associated CVD risk. Facilitators included family and generational influences, social support, and access to resources. Physical symptoms, menopause, mental health challenges, and limited financial resources were barriers. Midlife WWH may benefit from tailored CVD prevention interventions that target their unique motivations and barriers to healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Stanton
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgia R Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory K Robbins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara E Looby
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcel Williams
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christina Psaros
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greer Raggio
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for Weight and Wellness, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Araujo JDS, de Medeiros RCDSC, da Silva TAL, de Medeiros DC, de Medeiros JA, Dos Santos IK, Wilde P, Cabral BGDAT, Medeiros RMV, Dantas PMS. Effect of Training and Detraining in the Components of Physical Fitness in People Living With HIV/AIDS. Front Physiol 2021; 12:586753. [PMID: 34630129 PMCID: PMC8493123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.586753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of training and detraining on the physical fitness components of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The study was characterized as experimental with a sample composed of 21 people divided into two groups: 11 volunteers (PLHA, 46.9 ± 8.0 years, 63.8 ± 12.7 kg, 161.7 ± 8.7 cm, 7 men, and 4 women), using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10 people without HIV/AIDS in the control group (CG, 43.8 ± 13.8 years, 75.2 ± 11.2 kg, 163.3 ± 7.8 cm, 3 men, and 7 women), with the same average age and level of physical activity. The intervention, applied to both groups, consisted of combined training for 15 weeks, followed by detraining for 5 weeks. Before and after the training and detraining period the following parameters were evaluated: body composition by dual energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness by ergospirometer, and strength of upper and lower limbs by isometric dynamometer. The results show the effect of the intervention moments on the strength and oxygen consumption variables (time factor), considering the two study groups. Regarding the analysis of the interaction (group vs. time), there was a significant effect on the isometric extension strength of the left (p = 0.019) and right (p = 0.030) knees, with training (left: 10.4%; right: 12.4%) and detraining (left: −10.8%; right: −12.1%) effect in PLHA, when compared with the control group (left: 8.1 and 3.9%, respectively; right: 11.5 and −0.2%, respectively). In addition, there was a significant interaction on ventilatory threshold 1 (p = 0.002), indicating a significantly greater increase with training (27.3%) and decrease with detraining (−22.7%) in the PLHA group compared with the Control group (19.9 and −6.7%, respectively). In conclusion, combined training and the subsequent period of detraining caused similar responses in body composition, isometric strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness of PLHA and CG, except for the extensor strength of the lower limbs and ventilatory threshold 1, which presented positive effects on training and negative effects on detraining for PLHA. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03075332.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Phelipe Wilde
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Grand M, Bia D, Diaz A. Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-Life Data. Curr HIV Res 2021; 18:5-18. [PMID: 31830884 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191212091618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV (PLWHIV) have a 2-fold higher risk of having a cardiovascular event than HIV-negative individuals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to estimate the pooled proportion of moderate-high cardiovascular risk in PLWHIV obtained through different scores. In addition, this study also aims to establish the prevalence of dyslipidemia, smoking habits, diabetes and high blood pressure in the included studies. METHODS A bibliographic search was conducted in MEDLINE for studies on cardiovascular risk assessment in PLWHVI that took place during the period of inception to July 2018. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were: cross-sectional or longitudinal studies on HIV-positive adults in which the prevalence of moderate-high cardiovascular risk (or data to calculate it) was reported, and included at least one of the following cardiovascular risk scores: Framingham, ASCVD, D:A:D, Progetto Cuore, PROCAM, SCORE, Regicor, and World Health Organization scores. RESULTS Bibliographic search identified 278 studies. Finally, thirty-nine peer-reviewed publications were identified for a collective total of 13698 subjects. The pooled prevalence of moderate-high cardiovascular risk in PLWHIV obtained with nine different scores through random-effect modeling was 20.41% (95% CI: 16.77-24.31). The most prevalent concomitant cardiovascular risk factor was dyslipidemia (39.5%), smoking (33.0 %), high blood pressure (19.8%) and diabetes (7.24%). CONCLUSION Data obtained in this systematic review indicate that more than 1 in every five subjects with HIV have a moderate-high cardiovascular risk. In consequence, the burden of cardiovascular disease in PLWHIV represents a public health problem. There is an urgent need to develop strategies to prevent and detect cardiovascular risk effectively in PLWHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grand
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Pringles 4375, Olavarría (7400), Argentina
| | - Daniel Bia
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Centro Universitario de Investigacion, Innovacion y Diagnostico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Universidad de la Republica General Flores 2125, PC 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Diaz
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Pringles 4375, Olavarría (7400), Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil) 4 de abril 618, Tandil (7000), Argentina
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Raggio G, Goodman G, Robbins GK, Looby SE, Labbe A, Psaros C. Developing a pilot lifestyle intervention to prevent cardiovascular disease in midlife women with HIV. HIV Res Clin Pract 2021; 22:1-13. [PMID: 33616022 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2021.1883957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: Women with HIV (WWH) are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to men with HIV. Lifestyle interventions, like the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), may reduce CVD risk, but most fail to address barriers to healthy behaviors facing WWH. OBJECTIVE Objective: To inform the adaptation of the DPP for midlife WWH, pilot the modified intervention, and assess feasibility, acceptability, and implementation barriers. METHODS Methods: Interviews were conducted with cisgender, English-speaking WWH ages 40-59 to assess intervention preferences. The adapted DPP was piloted and evaluated. CVD knowledge, CVD risk perception, quality of life, and physical activity were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Results: Eighteen WWH completed interviews. Adaptations included reducing the number of sessions and adding HIV, CVD, stress, aging, menopause, and smoking content. Of 14 women contacted for the pilot, seven completed a baseline, five attended group sessions, and five completed a post-treatment assessment. Attendance barriers included transportation access and costs. Satisfaction was moderate; informal exit interviews indicated that women would recommend the program. CVD knowledge, perceived risk, and physical activity increased, and fatigue and mental health improved. Content on nutrition, aging, HIV, and stress was seen as most useful; suggested changes included group exercises and additional content on recipes, HIV management, and aging. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Midlife WWH reported benefits from our adapted intervention. Increases in CVD knowledge and perceived CVD risk suggest improved awareness of the impact of lifestyle behaviors. Retention was adequate; socioeconomic barriers were common. Intervention feasibility and acceptability may be improved via remote access and further content customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer Raggio
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,National Center for Weight and Wellness, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Georgia Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory K Robbins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara E Looby
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Labbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Psaros
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sookan T, Motala A, Ormsbee M, Antonio J, Magula N, Lalloo U, McKune A. Improvement in Muscular Strength in HIV-Infected Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E66. [PMID: 33467381 PMCID: PMC7739231 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated (1) the effect of a progressive resistance training (PRT) program and whey protein intake on maximal muscle strength in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and (2) alterations in maximal strength 12 wks after the cessation of PRT with continued supplementation. METHODS Sixty HIV-infected individuals were recruited. Whole body PRT was performed twice weekly for 12 wks. Participants received, in a double-blind placebo controlled manner, either 20 g whey or placebo (maltodextrin) before and immediately after each session. Both PRT groups continued to take either whey protein or placebo for a further 12 wks following the exercise intervention to examine the effects of detraining. RESULTS Forty participants (mean and standard deviation (SD) age 40.8 (±7.7) years, weight 70.8 (±16) kg, body mass index (BMI) 30.9 (±7.2) kg m2); whey protein /PRT (n = 13), placebo/PRT (n = 17), and a control group (n = 10) completed the study. A significant main effect for time occurred for the bench press (p = 0.02), the squat (p < 0.0001), the deadlift (p = 0.001) and the shoulder press (p = 0.02) one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the intervention groups. CONCLUSION The PRT program increased maximal strength regardless of whey protein intake. The detraining period demonstrated minimal strength loss, which is beneficial to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takshita Sookan
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayesha Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Michael Ormsbee
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie FL 33328, USA;
| | - Nombulelo Magula
- Department of Internal Medicine Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Umesh Lalloo
- Department of Pulmonology Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Andrew McKune
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia
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Lazar R, Kersanske L, Xia Q, Daskalakis D, Braunstein SL. Hospitalization Rates Among People With HIV/AIDS in New York City, 2013. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:469-476. [PMID: 28444155 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospitalizations are an important indicator of healthcare quality and access for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study assesses hospitalization rates among people with HIV/AIDS in New York City. Methods We performed a deterministic match between people in the New York City HIV surveillance registry alive as of 1 January 2013 and diagnosed with HIV as of 31 December 2013 and patient-level inpatient hospitalization records during 2013. Event-level data were analyzed to determine characteristics of and reasons for hospitalizations. Primary diagnoses were classified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. We estimated hospitalization rates as the number of hospitalizations per 100 person-years for all causes, AIDS-defining illnesses, and non-AIDS-defining infections. Results Nearly one-fifth of hospitalizations were attributed to non-AIDS-defining infections, whereas AIDS-defining illness diagnoses were infrequent (3.6% of hospitalizations). Other common causes were cardiovascular (10.9%) and substance use (9.8%). The estimated all-cause hospitalization rate was 36.7 per 100 person-years. Higher all-cause hospitalization rates were observed among females (46.8 per 100 person-years), Black and Latino/Hispanic people (41.8 and 39.5 per 100 person-years, respectively), people living in high-poverty neighborhoods (47.4 per 100 person-years), and people with a history of injection drug use (74.9 per 100 person-years). The estimated AIDS-defining illness and non-AIDS-defining infection hospitalization rates were 1.3 and 7.2 per 100 person-years, respectively. Conclusions People with HIV in New York City were frequently hospitalized. While AIDS-defining illnesses were relatively rare, non-AIDS-defining infection hospitalizations were more common. Disparities in hospitalization rates indicate a need for targeted improved primary care and comorbid disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lazar
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York.,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Applied Epidemiology Fellowship, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura Kersanske
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York
| | - Qiang Xia
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York
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Mwiru RS, Nagu TJ, Kaduri P, Mugusi F, Fawzi W. Prevalence and patterns of cigarette smoking among patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis in Tanzania. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 170:128-132. [PMID: 27889593 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for non-AIDS related morbidities and is highly prevalent among HIV infected people. However, no reports exist from Tanzania, one of the countries highly affected by the HIV pandemic and one of Africa's biggest tobacco producer. METHODS We examined the patterns and prevalence of cigarette smoking among HIV and TB co-infected adult patients in Dar es Salaam using a cross sectional study design. Proportions were used to describe the pattern of cigarette smoking. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of various participant characteristics with smoking. RESULTS Out of the 518 participants, 17 (3.3%) were current smokers, 96 (18.5%) were ex-smokers and the rest (78.2%) denied ever smoking. Male sex (p<0.001), alcohol (p<0.001), and illicit substance use (p<0.001) were significantly associated with cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that, the level of current cigarette smoking among HIV/TB co-infected patients in Dar es Salaam is low. Nevertheless, the preponderance of cigarette smoking among men, alcohol drinkers, and those who use illicit substances provides a unique opportunity for targeting such population with smoking cessation interventions; HIV care and treatment clinics are uniquely positioned to provide such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tumaini Joseph Nagu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pamela Kaduri
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili National Hospital, Kalenga Street, Upanga West, P.O. Box 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ferdinand Mugusi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
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Park LS, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Silverberg MJ, Crothers K, Dubrow R. Prevalence of non-HIV cancer risk factors in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis. AIDS 2016; 30:273-91. [PMID: 26691548 PMCID: PMC4689318 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The burden of cancer among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is substantial and increasing. We assessed the prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors among adult PLWHA in Western high-income countries since 2000. DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed to identify articles published in 2011-2013 reporting prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among PLWHA. We conducted random effects meta-analyses of prevalence for each risk factor, including estimation of overall, sex-specific, and HIV-transmission-group-specific prevalence. We compared prevalence in PLWHA with published prevalence estimates in US adults. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 113 publications. Overall summary prevalence estimates were current smoking, 54% [95% confidence interval (CI) 49-59%] versus 20-23% in US adults; cervical high-risk HPV infection, 46% (95% CI 34-58%) versus 29% in US females; oral high-risk HPV infection, 16% (95% CI 10-23%) versus 4% in US adults; anal high-risk HPV infection (men who have sex with men), 68% (95% CI 57-79%), with no comparison estimate available; chronic HCV infection, 26% (95% CI 21-30%) versus 0.9% in US adults; and HBV infection, 5% (95% CI 4-5%) versus 0.3% in US adults. Overweight/obesity prevalence (53%; 95% CI 46-59%) was below that of US adults (68%). Meta-analysis of alcohol consumption prevalence was impeded by varying assessment methods. Overall, we observed considerable study heterogeneity in prevalence estimates. CONCLUSION Prevalence of smoking and oncogenic virus infections continues to be extraordinarily high among PLWHA, indicating a vital need for risk factor reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley S Park
- aDivision of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Policy and Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniabDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, ConnecticutcDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CaliforniadDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.*Lesley S. Park and Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez contributed equally to this article
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Grace JM, Semple SJ, Combrink S. Exercise therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients: Guidelines for clinical exercise therapists. J Exerc Sci Fit 2015; 13:49-56. [PMID: 29541099 PMCID: PMC5812861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected > 60 million people since its discovery and 30 million people have died since the pandemic began. Antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection from an acute to a chronic disease, increasing life expectancy but also adding to the potential side effects associated with drug therapy and the comorbidity accompanying longevity. Exercise can play a valuable role in the management of HIV/AIDS patients by addressing various symptoms and improving their quality of life, but the optimum mode, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise that take the different clinical stages of the disease into consideration are inadequately known. Searches of Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, CINAHL database, HealthSTAR, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and SPORTDiscus were conducted between 2000 and January 2014. Searches of published and unpublished abstracts were conducted, as well as a hand search of reference lists and tables of contents of relevant journals and books. Identified studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies failed to indicate the optimum type (mode), intensity, frequency, and duration of aerobic and progressive resistive exercise prescribed to HIV-infected individuals in relation to the different clinical stages of the disease. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations after revision of exercise guidelines for HIV patients, by highlighting practical guidelines that clinical exercise therapists should consider when prescribing exercise for patients in different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Grace
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biokinetics and Sport Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa
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Crowell TA, Gebo KA, Blankson JN, Korthuis PT, Yehia BR, Rutstein RM, Moore RD, Sharp V, Nijhawan AE, Mathews WC, Hanau LH, Corales RB, Beil R, Somboonwit C, Edelstein H, Allen SL, Berry SA. Hospitalization Rates and Reasons Among HIV Elite Controllers and Persons With Medically Controlled HIV Infection. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1692-702. [PMID: 25512624 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elite controllers spontaneously suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia but also demonstrate chronic inflammation that may increase risk of comorbid conditions. We compared hospitalization rates and causes among elite controllers to those of immunologically intact persons with medically controlled HIV. METHODS For adults in care at 11 sites from 2005 to 2011, person-years with CD4 T-cell counts ≥350 cells/mm(2) were categorized as medical control, elite control, low viremia, or high viremia. All-cause and diagnostic category-specific hospitalization rates were compared between groups using negative binomial regression. RESULTS We identified 149 elite controllers (0.4%) among 34 354 persons in care. Unadjusted hospitalization rates among the medical control, elite control, low-viremia, and high-viremia groups were 10.5, 23.3, 12.6, and 16.9 per 100 person-years, respectively. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, elite control was associated with higher rates of all-cause (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.77 [95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.60]), cardiovascular (3.19 [1.50-6.79]) and psychiatric (3.98 [1.54-10.28]) hospitalization than was medical control. Non-AIDS-defining infections were the most common reason for admission overall (24.1% of hospitalizations) but were rare among elite controllers (2.7%), in whom cardiovascular hospitalizations were most common (31.1%). CONCLUSIONS Elite controllers are hospitalized more frequently than persons with medically controlled HIV and cardiovascular hospitalizations are an important contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Crowell
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly A Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel N Blankson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Department of Public Health/Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Baligh R Yehia
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Richard D Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victoria Sharp
- Center for Comprehensive Care, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard Edelstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, California
| | - Sara L Allen
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen A Berry
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Capili B, Anastasi JK, Chang M, Ogedegbe O. Barriers and facilitators to engagement in lifestyle interventions among individuals with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2014; 25:450-7. [PMID: 24630628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hodges S, Holstad MM. The Impact of a Health Promotion Educational Program on Cardiovascular Risk Factors for HIV Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF AIDS & CLINICAL RESEARCH 2013; 4:224. [PMID: 24432191 PMCID: PMC3889147 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of a health promotion educational program on improving cardiovascular risk factors of weight, Body Mass Index, and waist to hip ratio in 76 predominately African American HIV-infected women. The health promotion educational program was the control group (that focused on improving self-efficacy for nutrition, exercise, stress reduction and women's health behaviors) of a NIH-funded study. The majority of participants was overweight, obese, or at high risk based on waist hip ratio at the beginning of the study. There were no statistically significant improvements in body mass index or waist hip ratio from pre intervention to up to 9 months post intervention. There were significant changes in waist hip ratio and body mass index in both directions (improvement and worsened) for a small group of participants. The health promotion program did not affect significant changes in cardiovascular risk and should be revised, lengthened, and refocused on nutrition, diet, exercise, and long term goal commitments to reduce the high risk for cardiovascular disease in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaha Hodges
- MPH, Project Manager Co-Investigator of the U.S. LATTE Arm, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcia McDonnell Holstad
- DSN, FNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN, Associate Professor, Nell Hodgson School of Nursing Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cioe PA. Smoking Cessation Interventions in HIV-Infected Adults in North America: A Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:1000112. [PMID: 24839610 DOI: 10.4172/2324-9005.1000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is more prevalent in HIV-infected adults when compared to the general population (50-70%) and is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in this population. Of important clinical relevance, however, 40% of HIV-infected smokers express a willingness to attempt smoking cessation and two-thirds are interested in or considering quitting when asked. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state of the science review of the extant literature on smoking cessation interventions in HIV-infected adults. A comprehensive search of a computerized database for articles appearing in peer-reviewed journals was conducted. The integrative review included 10 articles from medical and nursing journals. Smoking cessation rates ranged from 6%-50% across studies employing pharmacologic and behavioral approaches. Samples sizes were frequently small and the effect was often not sustained over time. Emotional distress was related to smoking behaviors and may have been a barrier to successful smoking cessation. Adherence to pharmacologic therapy often declined over time and may have contributed to low cessation rates. Nicotine replacement therapy combined with a cell phone-delivered intensive counseling intervention showed promising results. Given the high prevalence of smoking among adults infected with HIV, this review supports the need for the development and implementation of innovative and effective interventions tailored to this population that will ultimately result in lower smoking prevalence and improved overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Cioe
- Brown University, Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Borato DCK, Parabocz GC, Ribas SRW, Kalva-Filho CA, Borba LM, Ito CAS, Bail L, dos Santos FA, Vellosa JCR. Changes of metabolic and inflammatory markers in HIV infection: glucose, lipids, serum Hs-CRP and myeloperoxidase. Metabolism 2012; 61:1353-60. [PMID: 22480983 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV infection is exacerbated through additional pro-atherogenic mechanisms related to the processes of immune activation, inflammation, coagulation, and the modification of lipoproteins (e.g., particles of high density lipoprotein), contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other laboratory parameters in HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral drugs compared to non-infected individuals. MATERIALS/METHODS The study included 154 volunteers: 47 non-infected individuals (control group - CON), 27 infected and untreated individuals (NTARV group) and 80 treated individuals (TARV group). We analyzed the counts of CD4+ lymphocytes and the viral load of the infected patients, along with the blood count, fasting glucose, total serum cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, MPO and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) of all study participants. RESULTS There were significant increases in glucose, CHOL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in the TARV group and significant reductions in the levels of HDL cholesterol for the TARV and NTARV groups. Significantly elevated levels of Hs-CRP were observed only in the TARV group, while levels of MPO were significantly higher in the TARV and NTARV groups compared to the control group. A correlation of MPO with Hs-CRP (r=0.21, p=0.032) was observed for HIV-infected patients, but MPO did not correlate significantly with the other analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS The investigation of early biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation, such as MPO, contributes to the clinical monitoring of HIV-infected individuals. The serum levels of MPO correlated with Hs-CRP and were high in HIV-infected individuals, indicating a possible predictor of cardiovascular events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cristyane Kalva Borato
- Paraná State University of Ponta Grossa-UEPG, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil
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