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Springfield-Trice S, Joyce C, Wu YH, Hsing AW, Cunanan K, Gardner C. Diet Quality and Resilience through Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the WELL for Life Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1724. [PMID: 38892657 PMCID: PMC11174593 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence suggesting the importance of psychological resilience for successful aging, little is known about the relationship between diet quality and resilience at different ages. Our study aims to examine the association between diet quality and resilience across the stages of adulthood. Using Stanfords' WELL for Life (WELL) survey data, we conducted a cross-sectional study of diet quality, resilience, sociodemographic, perceived stress, lifestyle, and mental health factors among 6171 Bay Area adults. Diet quality was measured by the WELL Diet Score, which ranges from 0-120. A higher score indicates a better diet quality. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the WELL Diet Score and overall resilience and within the following age groups: early young (18-24), late young (25-34), middle (35-49), and late adulthood (≥50). To test whether these associations varied by age groups, an age group by resilience interaction term was also examined. In the fully adjusted model, the WELL Diet Score was positively and significantly associated with overall resilience (all ages (β = 1.2 ± sd: 0.2, p < 0.001)) and within each age group (early young (β = 1.1 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001); late young (β = 1.2 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001); middle (β = 0.9 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001); and late adulthood (β = 1.0 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001)). Young adults demonstrated the strongest associations between diet quality and resilience. However, there were no significant age-by-resilience interactions. Diet quality may be positively associated with resilience at all stages of adulthood. Further research is needed to determine whether assessing and addressing resilience could inform the development of more effective dietary interventions, particularly in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparkle Springfield-Trice
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Public Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Stanford Prevention Research Center School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (Y.-H.W.); (A.W.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (Y.-H.W.); (A.W.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Kristen Cunanan
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Christopher Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (Y.-H.W.); (A.W.H.); (C.G.)
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Dial LA, DeNardo FA, Fevrier B, Morgan AL, Du C, Tucker RM, Hsiao PY, Ludy MJ. Comparing mental health and well-being of US undergraduate and graduate students during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2775-2785. [PMID: 34788587 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1996372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study explored how COVID-related mental health and well-being varied between undergraduate and graduate students. Relationships with physical health behaviors were also examined. Participants: Undergraduate (n = 897) and graduate (n = 314) students were recruited from three US universities between mid-April and late-May 2020. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional survey self-reported perceived stress, financial stress, resilience, repetitive negative thinking, mood, anxiety, diet, sleep, and physical activity using validated instruments. Results: Undergraduate students reported more perceived stress, more repetitive negative thinking, less positive mood, and less support from professors than graduate students. Perceived stress, repetitive negative thinking, negative mood, and anxiety increased among all students (p < .05 for all). Correlations between mental health outcomes and physical health behaviors were weak to moderate (r = .08 to .49). Conclusions: College students, particularly undergraduates, perceived negative mental health impacts during COVID. Creative approaches for meeting student needs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Dial
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Faith A DeNardo
- Division of Health and Wellness, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradley Fevrier
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy L Morgan
- School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin M Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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McClung JP, Beckner ME, Farina EK. Assessing the physiological basis for resilience in military personnel. Stress Health 2023; 39:33-39. [PMID: 37395310 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel experience training and operational demands that are different from civilian populations, including frequent deployment, exposure to austere environments, and dislocation from family. These unique occupational demands may result in negative impacts on health, performance, and career success. As such, resilience, defined as a system's capacity to resist, recover, recover better, or adapt, to perturbation from a challenge or stressor, is a critical factor in assuring the health and safety of military personnel. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has funded research programs assessing the physiological basis of resilience. This review will overview research programs, review salient findings from recent studies, and highlight potential future areas of research. Physiological factors influencing or predicting resilience in US military populations, including physical performance, anthropometrics and body composition, nutrition and dietary supplements, and other biomarkers will be highlighted. Finally, this manuscript will detail potential future studies, including interventions, aimed at optimising physiological resilience in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Ho E, Drake VJ, Michels AJ, Nkrumah-Elie YM, Brown LL, Scott JM, Newman JW, Shukitt-Hale B, Soumyanath A, Chilton FH, Lindemann SR, Shao A, Mitmesser SH. Perspective: Council for Responsible Nutrition Science in Session. Optimizing Health with Nutrition-Opportunities, Gaps, and the Future. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:948-958. [PMID: 37270030 PMCID: PMC10509435 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving optimal health is an aspirational goal for the population, yet the definition of health remains unclear. The role of nutrition in health has evolved beyond correcting malnutrition and specific deficiencies and has begun to focus more on achieving and maintaining 'optimal' health through nutrition. As such, the Council for Responsible Nutrition held its October 2022 Science in Session conference to advance this concept. Here, we summarize and discuss the findings of their Optimizing Health through Nutrition - Opportunities and Challenges workshop, including several gaps that need to be addressed to advance progress in the field. Defining and evaluating various indices of optimal health will require overcoming these key gaps. For example, there is a strong need to develop better biomarkers of nutrient status, including more accurate markers of food intake, as well as biomarkers of optimal health that account for maintaining resilience-the ability to recover from or respond to stressors without loss to physical and cognitive performance. In addition, there is a need to identify factors that drive individualized responses to nutrition, including genotype, metabotypes, and the gut microbiome, and to realize the opportunity of precision nutrition for optimal health. This review outlines hallmarks of resilience, provides current examples of nutritional factors to optimize cognitive and performance resilience, and gives an overview of various genetic, metabolic, and microbiome determinants of individualized responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Nutrition Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
| | - Victoria J Drake
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | | | - LaVerne L Brown
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Scott
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrew Shao
- ChromaDex External Research Program, Los Angeles, California
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Phillips AK, Keller MF, McClung JP, Steele N, Witkop CT, Wu TJ. Physical Health and Well-being: Updates and the Way Ahead. Mil Med 2023; 188:9-18. [PMID: 37490559 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Women in Combat Summit 2021 "Forging the Future: How Women Enhance the Fighting Force" took place during February 9-11, 2021, via a virtual conference platform. The third and final day of the Summit regarded the physical health and well-being of military women and included the topics of urogenital health, nutrition and iron-deficiency anemia, unintended pregnancy and contraception, and traumatic brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS After presentations on the topics earlier, interested conference attendees were invited to participate in focus groups to discuss and review policy recommendations for physical health and well-being in military women. Discussions centered around the topics discussed during the presentations, and suggestions for future Women in Combat Summits were noted. Specifics of the methods of the Summit are presented elsewhere in this supplement. RESULTS We formulated research and policy recommendations for urogenital health, nutrition and iron-deficiency anemia, contraception and unintended pregnancy, and traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSIONS In order to continue to develop the future health of military women, health care providers, researchers, and policymakers should consider the recommendations made in this supplement as they continue to build on the state of the science and forge the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Phillips
- Malcolm Grow Medical Clinics and Surgery Center, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762, USA
| | - Margaux F Keller
- Henry Jackson Foundation at the Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Nancy Steele
- School of Nursing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Catherine T Witkop
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - T John Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Solomou S, Logue J, Reilly S, Perez-Algorta G. A systematic review of the association of diet quality with the mental health of university students: implications in health education practice. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:28-68. [PMID: 36441584 PMCID: PMC9853940 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
University students are at risk of experiencing mental health problems during the transition from home to university. This transition can also adversely affect their diet quality. This review aims to examine bidirectional associations from observational studies regarding the influence of diet quality on the mental health of university students, and vice versa. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched using relevant search terms. The searches were last updated on 15 July 2022. Majority of studies (36 out of 45) found that good diet quality of students was associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress and overall general mental well-being. Moreover, majority of studies (19 out of 23) found that stress and anxiety of students were associated with poorer diet quality. The effect sizes observed were generally small-moderate. Healthy diets of students have been associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress or other mental health issues. Stress experienced by university students has been associated with unhealthy diets. There are implications for health education research, as interventions to improve diet quality at the university level could reduce mental health issues; additionally, interventions to support students under stress may lead to healthier dietary habits when living on campuses. Randomized controlled trials and intervention studies are needed to further investigate these implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Logue
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Siobhan Reilly
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
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Association of energy adjusts nutrient-rich foods on mental health among obese and overweight women: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3173-3185. [PMID: 36018505 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health and obesity have a bilateral relationship with each other. No study has been done on the association between mental health and the ENRF9.3 index so far. Therefore, for the first time, the present study investigated the relationship between the ENRF9.3 index and mental health in overweight and obese women. METHODS In the current cross-sectional study, 124 overweight and obese women were selected. Food intakes in the last year were collected with 147 items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Then, the ENRF9.3 index score was calculated for all individuals. Mental health was assessed with 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire. RESULTS In the present study, the total DASS score was marginally significant (P = 0.05), however, after the adjustment, it became insignificant (P > 0.05). After adjusting confounders stress also became significant (P = 0.04). No significant relationship was observed between depression and anxiety, even after adjustment (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study showed that a nutritious diet is not associated with overall mental health score, among subgroups of the DASS total score. The relationship was seen only for the stress subgroup. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Robert M, Shankland R, Bellicha A, Kesse-Guyot E, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Andreeva VA, Srour B, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Leys C, Péneau S. Associations between Resilience and Food Intake Are Mediated by Emotional Eating in the NutriNet-Santé Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:1907-1915. [PMID: 35641193 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience, the ability to bounce back or recover from stress, has been associated with several health-related behaviors. However, data on food intake and emotional eating are lacking. OBJECTIVES The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the associations between resilience and diet quality and ultraprocessed food (UPF) and food group consumption, and to assess whether emotional eating was a mediator of these associations. METHODS In 2017, 17,840 participants (73.5% female, mean age = 55.4 ± 14.0 y) of the NutriNet-Santé study completed the Brief Resilience Scale, the revised 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and ≥3 self-administered 24-h dietary records. Diet quality was assessed with the modified French National Nutrition and Health Program Guideline Score. Foods and beverages consumed were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. We assessed the association between resilience and emotional eating using linear regression models. We also assessed the mediating role of emotional eating in the associations between resilience and diet quality, energy intake, and UPF and food group consumption, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS In our study, resilience was negatively associated with emotional eating (P < 0.0001). More resilient participants had greater overall diet quality, greater intakes of seafood, whole-grain foods, fats, unsalted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages, and lower intakes of UPFs, starchy foods, dairy desserts, sugary fatty products, and sugar and confectionery (all P < 0.05). Emotional eating was a mediator of the inverse associations between resilience and intake of energy, UPFs, dairy desserts, sugary fatty products, and of the positive associations between resilience and alcoholic beverages (all P < 0.05), with a 20-70% mediation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that resilience was associated with an overall better diet quality in the NutriNet-Santé population-based study. These associations were partially explained by emotional eating. These findings suggest that resilience should be considered in the promotion of healthy dietary habits.The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Robert
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- DIPHE Laboratory (Development, Individual, Processus, Handicap, Education), Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Christophe Leys
- Service of Analysis of the Data (SAD), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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Voss ML, Currie CL. Sleep Quality and the Importance Women Place on Healthy Eating Interact to Influence Psychological Resilience. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:285-293. [PMID: 35794754 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The impact women's daily habits may have on psychological resilience is not well understood. This cross-sectional analysis examined: (1) the impact of sleep quality on resilience, and (2) whether this association was modified by the importance women place on healthy eating. Methods: We collected data from 64 women (aged 18-67 years). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 assessed sleep quality and resilience, respectively, with lower scores indicating reduced resilience. One item assessed attitudes towards healthy eating. Linear regression models and 95% confidence intervals examined associations adjusted for age and income. Results: Reduced sleep quality was associated with a decreased resilience score (B=0.55, 95% CI: -1.06, -0.04, p=.04) when adjusted for age and income. After stratification, sleep quality and resilience were not associated among women who indicated healthy eating was very important. Among women who indicated healthy eating was less than very important, reduced sleep quality was associated with decreased psychological resilience (B=0.85, 95% CI: -1.55, -0.15, p=.02). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality was associated with reduced resilience among women. Placing a strong emphasis on healthy eating helped buffer the impact of poor sleep quality on women's psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Voss
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - C L Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada;,
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10
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Modifiable Resources and Resilience in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Older Women: Implications for Health Outcomes and Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127089. [PMID: 35742334 PMCID: PMC9223074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Resilience—which we define as the “ability to bounce back from stress”—can foster successful aging among older, racially and ethnically diverse women. This study investigated the association between psychological resilience in the Women’s Health Initiative Extension Study (WHI-ES) and three constructs defined by Staudinger’s 2015 model of resilience and aging: (1) perceived stress, (2) non-psychological resources, and (3) psychological resources. We further examined whether the relationship between resilience and key resources differed by race/ethnicity. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis on 77,395 women aged 62+ (4475 Black or African American; 69,448 non-Hispanic White; 1891 Hispanic/Latina; and 1581 Asian or Pacific Islanders) who enrolled in the WHI-ES, which was conducted in the United States. Participants completed a short version of the Brief Resilience Scale one-time in 2011. Guided by Staudinger’s model, we used linear regression analysis to examine the relationships between resilience and resources, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and stressful life events. To identify the most significant associations, we applied elastic net regularization to our linear regression models. Findings: On average, women who reported higher resilience were younger, had fewer stressful life events, and reported access to more resources. Black or African American women reported the highest resilience, followed by Hispanic/Latina, non-Hispanic White, and Asian or Pacific Islander women. The most important resilience-related resources were psychological, including control of beliefs, energy, personal growth, mild-to-no forgetfulness, and experiencing a sense of purpose. Race/ethnicity significantly modified the relationship between resilience and energy (overall interaction p = 0.0017). Conclusion: Increasing resilience among older women may require culturally informed stress reduction techniques and resource-building strategies, including empowerment to control the important things in life and exercises to boost energy levels.
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11
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Foley JD, Stanton AM, Shepard C, Morris J, O'Cleirigh C, Potter J, Batchelder AW. Discrimination experiences, resilience, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among sexual minority women. J Behav Med 2022; 45:461-471. [PMID: 35503193 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resilience, or the process of adapting to adversity, may protect against the harmful effects of minority-related stressors on the cardiovascular health of sexual minority women (SMW). An online survey was conducted in a sample of cisgender, non-heterosexual women to evaluate resilience as a moderator of the association between discrimination experiences and key cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors: stress, tobacco-smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, poor diet quality, physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviors. Overall, 191 women (mean age = 29.34, SD = 6.92; 84.5% White) completed the survey and met eligibility to be included in the data analysis. White race (b = - 6.71, SE = 2.49) and education (b = - 3.36, SE = 0.56) were each independently associated with fewer discrimination experiences. Latinx ethnicity was associated with more discrimination experiences (b = 9.34, SE = 2.61). Education was associated with greater resilience (b = 4.57, SE = 0.83). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for race, ethnicity, and education. Discrimination was associated with a higher likelihood of smoking in the past month (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02) and drinking at hazardous levels (b = 0.09, SE = 0.02). Resilience was associated with less stress (b = - 0.15, SE = 0.02), a lower likelihood of hazardous alcohol consumption (b = - 0.02, SE = 0.01) and less time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors (b = - 0.02, SE = 0.01). One moderation emerged, such that discrimination was negatively associated with stress for those low in resilience (b = - 1.75, SE = 0.58), and not associated with stress for those high in resilience. These findings may inform the development of CVD-risk reduction interventions for SMW, which could include both strategies to mitigate the effects of discrimination on substance use and coping skills to promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn D Foley
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Amelia M Stanton
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Abigail W Batchelder
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA
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12
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Dyal RN, Deschamps BA, McGraw SM, Jayne JM, Karl JP, Cole RE. Healthy Eating Score-7 as a Measure of Diet Quality in a Military Population. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:455-464. [PMID: 35000832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify potential revisions to the Healthy Eating Score (HES-5) that improve associations with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) -2015 total and component scores. METHODS Pearson r correlations were determined from soldiers' (n = 433) survey data, including the HES, proposed additional questions, and the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. RESULTS Adding sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drink questions (HES-7) strengthened the HES and HEI-2015 correlation (HES-5; r = 0.42, n = 433, r2 = 0.18, P < 0.001) (HES-7; r = 0.52, r2 = 0.27, P < 0.001). The HES components and Block Food Frequency Questionnaire consumption correlations were as follows: quantity of fruit (r = 0.37, r2 = 0.14, P < 0.001), vegetables (r = 0.41, r2 = 0.17, P < 0.001), whole grains (r = 0.35, r2 = 0.12 P < 0.001), dairy (r = 0.34, r2 = 0.12, P < 0.001), fish (r = 0.31, r2 = 0.10, P < 0.001), and energy drink (r = 0.59, r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HES-7 had the strongest correlation with HEI-2015. Future studies can explore if including consumption quantity in the HES improves its representation of diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Dyal
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Nutrition Care Division, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA.
| | - Bethany A Deschamps
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Nutrition Care Division, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA
| | - Susan M McGraw
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
| | - Julianna M Jayne
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
| | - J Philip Karl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
| | - Renee E Cole
- Medical Center of Excellence, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
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13
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Proessl F, Canino MC, Beckner ME, Conkright WR, LaGoy AD, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Martin BJ, Sterczala AJ, Roma PG, Dretsch MN, Mi Q, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Connaboy C, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. Use-dependent corticospinal excitability is associated with resilience and physical performance during simulated military operational stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:187-198. [PMID: 34855522 PMCID: PMC8791840 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00628.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulated military operational stress (SMOS) provides a useful model to better understand resilience in humans as the stress associated with caloric restriction, sleep deficits, and fatiguing exertion degrades physical and cognitive performance. Habitual physical activity may confer resilience against these stressors by promoting favorable use-dependent neuroplasticity, but it is unclear how physical activity, resilience, and corticospinal excitability (CSE) relate during SMOS. To examine associations between corticospinal excitability, physical activity, and physical performance during SMOS. Fifty-three service members (age: 26 ± 5 yr, 13 women) completed a 5-day and -night intervention composed of familiarization, baseline, SMOS (2 nights/days), and recovery days. During SMOS, participants performed rigorous physical and cognitive activities while receiving half of normal sleep (two 2-h blocks) and caloric requirements. Lower and upper limb CSE were determined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulus-response curves. Self-reported resilience, physical activity, military-specific physical performance (TMT), and endocrine factors were compared in individuals with high (HIGH) and low CSE based on a median split of lower limb CSE at baseline. HIGH had greater physical activity and better TMT performance throughout SMOS. Both groups maintained physical performance despite substantial psychophysiological stress. Physical activity, resilience, and TMT performance were directly associated with lower limb CSE. Individual differences in physical activity coincide with lower (but not upper) limb CSE. Such use-dependent corticospinal excitability directly relates to resilience and physical performance during SMOS. Future studies may use noninvasive neuromodulation to clarify the interplay among CSE, physical activity, and resilience and improve physical and cognitive performance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that individual differences in physical activity levels coincide with lower limb corticospinal excitability. Such use-dependent corticospinal excitability directly relates to resilience and physical performance during a 5-day simulation of military operational stress with caloric restriction, sleep restriction and disruption, and heavy physical and cognitive exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Proessl
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. C. Canino
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. E. Beckner
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W. R. Conkright
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. D. LaGoy
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. M. Sinnott
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. R. Eagle
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - B. J. Martin
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. J. Sterczala
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - P. G. Roma
- 2Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center/KBR, Houston, Texas
| | - M. N. Dretsch
- 3U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Qi Mi
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - F. Ferrarelli
- 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. Germain
- 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C. Connaboy
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - B. C. Nindl
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. D. Flanagan
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Chen X, Qin K, Wu L. Citizen Characteristics and Their Participation in Food Safety Social Co-governance: Public Health Implications. Front Public Health 2021; 9:772117. [PMID: 34900916 PMCID: PMC8652086 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.772117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Given that positive psychological capital motivates citizens to actively participate in social affairs, this study aims to provide insight into food safety risk management in China by empirically determining which individual characteristics are associated with positive psychological capital for actively participating in social co-governance. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was undertaken between December 5 and 10, 2020. The study participants were residents of Wuxi in China over the age of 18 years. A validated and pretested questionnaires was used to elicit responses with the participants. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed to determine which individual characteristics are significantly correlated with the psychological capital of citizens who participate in co-governance. Post-hoc multiple comparisons were performed for each individual characteristic with a significant correlation to determine which categories of these characteristics yielded the significant differences. Study data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: A total of 752 completed responses were received. Most respondents were females (52.39%), aged 26–45 (66.09%), married (70.48%), company employees (44.28%), and in good health (89.76%). Most had a household size of 3 (55.98%), a bachelor's degree (40.96%), a personal annual income of more than 100,000 yuan (26.46%), and no children aged under 18 (50.27%) or pregnant women (93.22%) in their households. Data analysis indicated that education, income, and health status significantly associate with the psychological capital of citizens to participate in co-governance. Citizens with high education, high income, and good health status have higher psychological capital to participate in co-governance. Conclusion: The present study suggested citizens are likely to actively participate in food safety social co-governance only when they have at least one of the following three characteristics: (1) higher than average income in their city of residence; (2) a bachelor's degree or higher education; or (3) good health. Therefore, motivating citizens to participate in co-governance is a long-term process in China. The fundamental strategy is to increase the income of citizens, especially among low-income groups, promote education to improve the food safety literacy of the public, and improve sanitation and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Chen
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ke Qin
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Linhai Wu
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Odabasi Gunes S, Akin O, Eray S. Evaluation of the resilience of the girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1379-1384. [PMID: 34313086 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the resilience of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) during treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and compare these results with their healthy peers. METHODS The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a self-report scale used to quantify resilience, which is divided into seven subgroups (hardiness, coping, flexibility, purpose, optimism, regulation of emotion and cognition (REC), and self-efficacy). Fifty-one girls with CPP receiving GnRHa treatment and 51 healthy controls were involved in the study. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated and CD-RISC was performed at least six months after the initiation of GnRHa treatment. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the anthropometric evaluations of girls with CPP and the control group. Similarly, the total score and subgroup scores of patients with CPP and the control group showed no statistically significant difference. In the correlation analysis, there was a weak negative correlation between height and flexibility (r=-0.314 p=0.025), height SDS and flexibility (r=-0.254 p=0.092), height SDS, and purpose (r=-0.285 p=0.058). Also, there was a weak negative correlation between REC and weight (r=-0.435 p=0.003), REC and weight SDS (r=-0.461 p=0.002), REC and height (r=-0.269 p=0.077), REC and height SDS (r=-0.322 p=0.033), REC and BMI (r=-0.289 p=0.058), and REC and BMI SDS (r=-0.353 p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS The resilience of girls with CPP treated with GnRHa was found to be similar to their healthy peers. The early diagnosis of the disease and adequate treatment may decrease the discrepancy of somatic changes between girls with CPP and their peers, which may help them to overcome the stress of CPP and long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Odabasi Gunes
- UHS Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Akin
- UHS Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safak Eray
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa, Turkey
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16
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Daniels E, Hanson J. Energy-Adjusted Dietary Intakes Are Associated with Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating but Not Food Insecurity or Sports Nutrition Knowledge in a Pilot Study of ROTC Cadets. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093053. [PMID: 34578931 PMCID: PMC8471493 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Military service is inherently demanding and, due to the nature of these demands, the term “tactical athlete” has been coined to capture the physical requirements of the profession. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets are a unique subset of the military service community, and the complexity of their training and educational pursuits increases their susceptibility to unhealthy eating patterns. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationship between the perceived barriers to healthy eating, food insecurity, sports nutrition knowledge, and dietary patterns among Army ROTC cadets. The usual dietary intake was gathered from (N = 37) cadets using the General Nutrition Assessment Food Frequency Questionnaire. The perceived barriers to healthy eating were measured using a set of scales consisting of social barriers (6 items, α = 0.86), access barriers (2 items, α = 0.95), and personal barriers (2 items, α = 0.67), with higher-scale scores indicating greater perceived barriers. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between the energy-adjusted dietary intakes and the scores on the barriers scales. Energy-adjusted intakes of calcium (ρ = −0.47, p ≤ 0.01), fiber (ρ = −0.35, p = 0.03), vitamin A (ρ = −0.46, p ≤ 0.01), vitamin C (ρ = −0.43, p ≤ 0.01), fruit (ρ = −0.34, p = 0.04), and vegetables (ρ = −0.50, p ≤ 0.01) were negatively correlated with the perceived personal barrier scores. The energy-adjusted intakes of fiber (ρ = −0.36, p = 0.03), vitamin C (ρ = −0.37, p = 0.03), and vitamin E (ρ = −0.45, p ≤.01) were negatively correlated with perceived social barriers, while energy-adjusted vitamin C intake was negatively correlated with perceived access barriers (ρ = −0.40, p = 0.01). Although additional research is needed to better understand the dietary patterns of ROTC cadets, among the participants in this study, greater perceived personal, social, and access barriers were associated with less nutrient-dense eating patterns. Interventions aimed at addressing such barriers may prove beneficial for the improvement of diet quality among ROTC cadets.
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17
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Sotos-Prieto M, Del Rio D, Drescher G, Estruch R, Hanson C, Harlan T, Hu FB, Loi M, McClung JP, Mojica A, Puglielli D, Toong K, Yangarber F, Kales SN. Mediterranean diet - promotion and dissemination of healthy eating: proceedings of an exploratory seminar at the Radcliffe institute for advanced study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:158-171. [PMID: 34225548 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1941804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet is considered the world's most evidence-based eating pattern for promoting health and longevity. However, institutional food environments and their busy consumers often sacrifice health benefits for the convenience of faster and cheaper foods that generally are of lower quality and are more processed, and thus, contribute to the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Expert consensus has even identified the Mediterranean diet as the easiest to follow among healthy eating patterns. Nonetheless, fewer American families cook at home and many food services have been slow to implement healthier food options compatible with the Mediterranean diet. In September 2019, we convened a group of thought leaders at an exploratory seminar entitled: "Mediterranean Diet: Promotion and Dissemination of Healthy Eating", hosted by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University. The multidisciplinary faculty discussed best practices for translating traditional Mediterranean lifestyle principles to modern society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Greg Drescher
- The Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Internal Medicine Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chavanne Hanson
- Global, Food Choice Architecture and Nutrition Manager, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Harlan
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Loi
- Loi Estiatorio and Loi Brand, New York, NY, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ken Toong
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Stefanos N Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Karl JP, Margolis LM, Fallowfield JL, Child RB, Martin NM, McClung JP. Military nutrition research: Contemporary issues, state of the science and future directions. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:87-98. [PMID: 33980120 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1930192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The importance of diet and nutrition to military readiness and performance has been recognized for centuries as dietary nutrients sustain health, protect against illness, and promote resilience, performance and recovery. Contemporary military nutrition research is increasingly inter-disciplinary with emphasis often placed on the broad topics of (1) determining operational nutrition requirements in all environments, (2) characterizing nutritional practices of military personnel relative to the required (role/environment) standards, and (3) developing strategies for improving nutrient delivery and individual choices. This review discusses contemporary issues shared internationally by military nutrition research programmes, and highlights emerging topics likely to influence future military nutrition research and policy. Contemporary issues include improving the diet quality of military personnel, optimizing operational rations, and increasing understanding of biological factors influencing nutrient requirements. Emerging areas include the burgeoning field of precision nutrition and its technological enablers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Joanne L Fallowfield
- Environmental Medicine and Science Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke, Hampshire, UK
| | - Robert B Child
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicola M Martin
- New Zealand Army, New Zealand Defence Force, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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19
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Healthy Eating Index and Nutrition Biomarkers among Army Soldiers and Civilian Control Group Indicate an Intervention Is Necessary to Raise Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D and Improve Diet Quality. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010122. [PMID: 33396252 PMCID: PMC7823425 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet quality and nutrition status are important for optimal health and military performance. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated diet quality and biochemical markers of nutritional status of military service members. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess dietary quality and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess soldiers' diet quality and nutritional status and compare results to a civilian control group. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 soldiers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI scores. A blood sample was collected for analysis of select nutrition biochemical markers. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to compare the diet quality and nutritional status of soldiers and controls. Differences in non-normally distributed variables were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Soldiers had an HEI score of 59.9 out of 100, marginally higher than the control group (55.4). Biochemical markers of interest were within normal reference values for soldiers, except for the omega-3 index and vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS This study identified dietary components that need improvement and deficits in biochemical markers among soldiers. Improving diet quality and nutritional status should lead to better health, performance, and readiness of the force.
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20
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Springfield S, Qin F, Hedlin H, Eaton CB, Rosal MC, Taylor H, Staudinger UM, Stefanick ML. Resilience and CVD-protective Health Behaviors in Older Women: Examining Racial and Ethnic Differences in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2107. [PMID: 32708626 PMCID: PMC7400950 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between self-reported psychological resilience (resilience) and health behaviors shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examines the associations between resilience and CVD-related risk factors, such as diet, smoking, physical activity, sleep, and alcohol consumption among older American women from diverse backgrounds. METHODS A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted on 77,395 women (mean age 77 years, Black (N = 4475, 5.8%), non-Hispanic white (N = 69,448, 89.7%), Latina (N = 1891, 2.4%), and Asian or Pacific Islander (N = 1581, 2.0%)) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study II. Resilience was measured using an abbreviated version of the brief resilience scale. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between resilience and health behaviors associated with risk for CVD, while adjusting for stressful life events and sociodemographic information. To test whether these associations varied among racial/ethnic groups, an interaction term was added to the fully adjusted models between resilience and race/ethnicity. RESULTS High levels of resilience were associated with better diet quality (top 2 quintiles of the Healthy Eating Index 2015) (OR = 1.22 (95% Confidence Interval (1.15-1.30)), adhering to recommended physical activity (≥ 150 min per week) (1.56 (1.47, 1.66)), sleeping the recommended hours per night (7-9) (1.36 (1.28-1.44)), and moderate alcohol intake (consuming alcoholic drink(s) 1-7 days per week) (1.28 (1.20-1.37)). The observed association between resilience and sleep is modified by race/ethnicity (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Irrespective of race/ethnicity, high resilience was associated with CVD-protective health behaviors. This warrants further investigation into whether interventions aimed at improving resilience could increase the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparkle Springfield
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Department of Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S N 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Alto, CA 94304, USA; (F.Q.); (H.H.)
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Alto, CA 94304, USA; (F.Q.); (H.H.)
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Family Medicine School of Public Health Brown, Providence University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical School of Massachusetts University, Massachusetts University, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Herman Taylor
- Research Wing Room, Morehouse School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Ursula M. Staudinger
- Columbia Aging Center & Department of Socio medical Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Marcia L. Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Alto, CA 94304, USA;
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21
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Collins RA, Baker B, Coyle DH, Rollo ME, Burrows TL. Dietary Assessment Methods in Military and Veteran Populations: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E769. [PMID: 32183380 PMCID: PMC7146105 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal dietary intake is important for the health and physical performance of military personnel. For military veterans, the complex nature of transition into civilian life and sub-optimal dietary intake is a leading contributor to the increased burden of disease. A scoping review was undertaken to determine what is known about the assessment and reporting of dietary intakes within both military and veteran populations. In addition, this review determines if studies reporting on the dietary intake of military personnel or veterans include comparisons with dietary guidelines. Six databases were searched to identify papers published from the database inception to April 2019. Observational and intervention studies were searched to identify if they assessed and reported whole dietary intake data, reported data exclusively for a military or veteran population, and included only healthy populations. A total of 89 studies were included. The majority of studies used one dietary assessment method (n = 76, 85%) with fewer using multiple methods (n = 13, 15%). The most frequent methodology used was food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) (n = 40, 45%) followed by 24-hour recalls (n = 8, 9%) and food records (n = 8, 9%). The main dietary outcomes reported were macronutrients: carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol (n = 66, 74%) with total energy intake reported in n = 59 (66%). Fifty four (61%) studies reported a comparison with country-specific dietary guidelines and 14 (16%) reported a comparison with the country-specific military guidelines. In conclusion, dietary intake in military settings is most commonly assessed via FFQs and 24-hour recalls. Dietary intake reporting is mainly focused around intakes of energy and macronutrients. Most studies compare against dietary guidelines, however, comparison to specific military dietary guidelines is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia; (R.A.C.); (M.E.R.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Bradley Baker
- Food and Nutrition, Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Scottsdale 7260, Australia;
| | - Daisy H. Coyle
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia; (R.A.C.); (M.E.R.)
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2042, Australia
| | - Megan E. Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia; (R.A.C.); (M.E.R.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia; (R.A.C.); (M.E.R.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
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Papini N, Kang M, Ryu S, Griese E, Wingert T, Herrmann S. Rasch calibration of the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:1976-1987. [PMID: 32022589 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320904769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasch modeling was used to examine the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale within adults (n = 410) in a weight management program. Rasch analysis assessed model-data fit, item difficulty and person's resilience level, an item-person map to evaluate relative distribution items and persons, and rating scale function. Four misfit items were identified and removed. Item difficulty ranged from 1.25 to 1.19 logits (higher logit values indicate more difficult items). Persons' resilience level had wide distribution (resilience = 2.27 ± 1.56 logits). Item difficulty levels did not adequately assess higher resilience levels. An improved inventory that measures a wider range of resilient behaviors would improve measurement quality.
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Fagnant HS, Armstrong NJ, Lutz LJ, Nakayama AT, Guerriere KI, Ruthazer R, Cole RE, McClung JP, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Karl JP. Self-reported eating behaviors of military recruits are associated with body mass index at military accession and change during initial military training. Appetite 2019; 142:104348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yong HY, Mohd Shariff Z, Mohd Yusof BN, Rejali Z, Tee YYS, Bindels J, van der Beek EM. Pre-Pregnancy BMI Influences the Association of Dietary Quality and Gestational Weight Gain: The SECOST Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193735. [PMID: 31590213 PMCID: PMC6801791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality in pregnancy could impact gestational weight gain (GWG) and consequently fetal growth and development. But today there is limited data available on gestational diet quality. This study investigated the association between diet quality in each pregnancy trimester and GWG in Malaysian women. Diet quality was assessed using the modified Healthy Eating Index for Malaysians (HEI). Total GWG was defined as the difference between measured weight at last prenatal visit and pre-pregnancy weight. About one-fourth of women (23.3%) had excessive total GWG. There were significant differences in the HEI component score across trimesters, except for fruits. Overall, overweight/obese women had lower total HEI score (51.49–55.40) during pregnancy compared to non-overweight/obese women (53.38–56.50). For non-overweight/obese women, higher total HEI scores in the second and third trimesters were significantly associated with lower risk of inadequate GWG (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99, p = 0.01) and higher risk of excessive GWG (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.03), respectively. Overweight/obese women with higher total HEI scores in the second (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.02) and third trimester (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08, p = 0.02) were significantly at higher risk for excessive GWG. Pregnant women had relatively low diet quality throughout pregnancy. Diet quality and GWG association differed according to pre-pregnancy BMI with excessive GWG more likely to be associated with higher total HEI scores in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yaw Yong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zalilah Mohd Shariff
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Yvonne Yee Siang Tee
- Danone Dumex (M) Sdn Bhd. Lot 759 (B3), Nilai Industrial Estate, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.
| | - Jacques Bindels
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Remley DT, Eicher-Miller HA. Frequency of Food Pantry Use Is Associated with Diet Quality among Indiana Food Pantry Clients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1703-1712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dynamic Macronutrient Meal-Equivalent Menu Method: Towards Individual Nutrition Intervention Programs. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2030078. [PMID: 31491882 PMCID: PMC6789454 DOI: 10.3390/mps2030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition interventions should reflect the state of the art in science and dietetics to meet each patient’s requirements. Incorporating new knowledge into individualized food-based nutrition interventions is a major challenge, and health care professionals constantly search for novel approaches through specific and standardized methods. The dynamic macronutrient meal-equivalent menu method involves individuals making informed food choices that match their requirements, schedule, and food availability and affinity, helping them maintain a sense of control and motivation to adhere to a nutrition intervention program. This protocol includes the steps required to prepare a nutrition plan containing equivalent meal options consistent with the patient’s needs and preferences. Standard food servings are planned according to population specific dietary guidelines and individual characteristics. Servings are distributed at required mealtimes, and are all equivalent in energy and macronutrient content, providing every patient with interchangeable choices within each mealtime. This empowers individuals to select foods in a guided format whilst adhering to a dietary plan. Acceptable variations for calculated energy and macronutrient content are as follows: protein ±1 g/day, fat ±1 g/day, carbohydrate ±2 g/day, and energy ±15 kcal/day. Following this method, health care professionals can develop individualized nutrition intervention programs that may improve patients’ adherence, nutritional status, and health.
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Woglom C, Gray V, Hill M, Wang L. Significant Relationships Exist between Perceived and Objective Diet Quality in Young Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 120:103-110. [PMID: 31473155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a disproportionate burden of low diet quality among young adults compared with other adult subpopulations that is not understood. Perceived and objective diet qualities are studied to understand possible barriers to change. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between perceived diet quality and objective diet quality in young adults in the United States. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to calculate total Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and component scores and study their relationships with perceived diet quality scores. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The sample consisted of 1,261 young adults, aged 18 to 30, with 24-hour recall data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perceived and objective diet quality were evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multiple regression analysis was used to test the ability to predict total HEI-2010 scores from perceived diet quality scores. Ordered logit was used to test whether HEI-2010 component scores predicted the odds of having higher perceived diet quality. RESULTS Excellent (b=8.442, P<0.001), very good (b=9.733, P<0.001), and good (b=5.527, P<0.001) perceived diet quality were significant predictors of total HEI-2010 score, compared with the referent category of poor perceived diet quality. The full regression model predicted 17.0% of the variance in total HEI-2010 score. Whole fruit (odds ratio [OR]=1.098, P=.017), whole grains (OR=1.046, P=.023), and empty calories (OR=1.054, P<0.001) were each significantly associated with the odds of having a higher rating of perceived diet quality (fair, good, very good, excellent) instead of a poor rating of diet quality; the difference in odds was low across categories. CONCLUSIONS There are significant relationships between perceived and objective diet quality, but other variables play a substantial role in explaining these two types of diet quality.
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Do young adults value sustainable diet practices? Continuity in values from adolescence to adulthood and linkages to dietary behaviour. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2598-2608. [PMID: 31169111 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe continuity over time in reports of valuing sustainable diet practices and investigate relationships between values, household meal behaviours and dietary intake. DESIGN Observational study. Participant ratings of how important it is for food to be produced as organic, not processed, locally grown and not GM were categorized to represent whether they valued (very/somewhat important) or did not value (a little/not at all important) each practice. Diet quality markers (e.g. fruit servings) were based on an FFQ. SETTING Mailed and online surveys. PARTICIPANTS Young adults (n 1620; 58 % female, mean age 31 (sd 1·6) years) who were participating in Project EAT (Eating and Activity among Teens and Young Adults) and responded to follow-up surveys in 2003-2004 and 2015-2016. RESULTS One-third (36·1 %) of participants reported valuing <2 practices at both assessments; 11·1 and 34·5 % respectively reported valuing ≥2 practices in 2003-2004 only and in 2015-2016 only; 18·3 % reported valuing ≥2 practices at both assessments. Regression models including demographics, parental status and vegetarian status showed that valuing ≥2 practices was associated with preparation of meals with vegetables at least a few times/week, less frequent purchase of family meals from fast-food restaurants, and higher diet quality in 2015-2016. For example, those who valued ≥2 practices consumed nearly one full vegetable serving more than other young adults on an average day and part of this difference was specifically associated with intake of dark green and red/orange vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the sustainability of food choices as part of public health messaging may be relevant for many young adults.
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Gwin JA, Karl JP, Lutz LJ, Gaffney-Stomberg E, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Higher Protein Density Diets Are Associated With Greater Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake in Healthy Young Adults. Front Nutr 2019; 6:59. [PMID: 31134205 PMCID: PMC6514148 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study characterized habitual dietary protein intake in healthy young adults entering military service and explored whether diet protein density is associated with diet quality and micronutrient intake. Methods: An FFQ was used to estimate habitual dietary intake and calculate HEI scores in 276 males [mean(SD), age:21.1y(3.8)] and 254 females [age:21.2y(3.7)]. Multivariate-adjusted MANCOVA and ANCOVA models were used to identify associations between protein density quartiles and HEI scores and micronutrient intake. Higher HEI components scores for sodium, refined grains, and empty calories indicate lower intake; higher scores for all other components indicate higher intakes. Results: Mean(SD) energy-adjusted protein intakes were 29.3(3.2), 36.0(1.4), 40.8(1.3), and 47.9(3.9) g/1,000 kcal for protein density quartiles 1-4, respectively. For males, empty calorie scores as well as dark green and orange vegetable scores were higher in quartiles 3 and 4 than 1 and 2 (all, p < 0.05). Scores for total vegetable, dairy, and total protein foods were lower in quartile 1 vs. quartiles 2, 3, and 4 (all, p < 0.05). Sodium scores decreased as quartiles increased (p < 0.001). Total HEI, fruit, whole grains, seafood and plant protein, fatty acids, and refined grain scores did not differ. For females, total HEI, vegetable, and total protein foods scores were higher in quartiles 3 and 4 than 1 and 2 (all, p < 0.05). Empty calorie scores increased as quartile increased (p < 0.05). Dairy scores were higher in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 than 1 (p < 0.05). Whole fruit scores were lowest in quartile 1 (p < 0.05). Whole grain as well as seafood and plant protein scores were higher in quartile 4 vs. 1 (both, p < 0.05). Sodium scores decreased as quartile increased (p < 0.001). Fatty acids scores did not differ. For males and females, micronutrient intakes progressively increased across quartiles with the exception of calcium and vitamin C, (all, p < 0.05). Intakes remained nearly the same when controlled for fruit and vegetable intake. Conclusion: These cross-sectional data suggest that habitually consuming a higher protein density diet is associated with better scores for some, but not all, diet quality components in males, better overall diet quality scores in females, and greater intakes of micronutrients in both male and female healthy, young adults entering military service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess A Gwin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Supporting the Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.,Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Laura J Lutz
- Military Performance Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
- Military Performance Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
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Soer R, Six Dijkstra MWMC, Bieleman HJ, Stewart RE, Reneman MF, Oosterveld FGJ, Schreurs KMG. Measurement properties and implications of the Brief Resilience Scale in healthy workers. J Occup Health 2019; 61:242-250. [PMID: 30903648 PMCID: PMC6499349 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to study measurement properties of the Dutch Language Version of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS‐DLV) in blue and white collar workers employed at multiple companies and to compare the validity and factor structure to other language versions. Methods Workers (n = 1023) were assessed during a cross‐sectional health surveillance. Construct validity was tested with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) and hypothesis testing. Reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Results A two‐factor structure of the BRS‐DLV had good model fit in both EFA and CFA, which could be explained by difficulties of workers with reversed order items. After excluding these inconsistent answering patterns, a one‐factor structure showed good model fit resembling the original BRS (χ2 = 16.5; CFI & TLI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.02;RMSEA = 0.04). Internal consistency is sufficient (Cronbach's α = 0.78). All five hypotheses were confirmed, suggesting construct validity. Conclusions Reliability of the BRS‐DLV is sufficient and there is evidence of construct validity. Inconsistent answering, however, caused problems in interpretation and factor structure of the BRS‐DLV. This can be easily detected and handled because item 2, 4 and 6 are in reversed order. Other language versions differ in factor structure, most likely because systematic errors are not corrected for. To collect valid data, it is advised to be aware of inconsistent answering of respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Soer
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Expertise Center of Physical Activity and Health, Enschede, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Spine Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne W M C Six Dijkstra
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Expertise Center of Physical Activity and Health, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Bieleman
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Expertise Center of Physical Activity and Health, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roy E Stewart
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Reneman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits G J Oosterveld
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Expertise Center of Physical Activity and Health, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Karlein M G Schreurs
- Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Yin Z, Brasher MS, Kraus VB, Lv Y, Shi X, Zeng Y. Dietary Diversity Was Positively Associated with Psychological Resilience among Elders: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030650. [PMID: 30889808 PMCID: PMC6471509 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between dietary diversity (DD) and psychological resilience among older people is an underdeveloped area of research. This cross-sectional study explored the associations of DD with psychological resilience among 8571 community-based elderly individuals. The intake frequencies of food groups were collected, and dietary diversity was assessed based on the mean DD score. Psychological resilience was assessed using a simplified resilience score (SRS). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. Poor DD was significantly associated with psychological resilience, with a β (95% CI) of −0.94 (−1.07, −0.81) for the SRS (p < 0.01) and an odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.83 (1.66, 2.01) for low SRS status. The interaction effects of age with DD were observed for the SRS (p < 0.001) and low SRS status (p < 0.001). Based on separate analyses by age group, the association of a low SRS with poor DD was more prominent in the younger elderly than the oldest old, with OR (95% CI) 2.32 (1.96, 2.74) and 1.61 (1.43, 1.82), respectively. Compared with younger participants with good DD, the risk of a low SRS was greater for younger participants with poor DD, the oldest old with good DD, and the oldest old with poor DD, with OR (95% CI) 2.39 (2.02, 2.81), 1.28 (1.09, 1.51), and 2.03 (1.72, 2.39), respectively. The greatest contribution to DD was from a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Our study suggested that poor DD was associated with a low psychological resilience among the Chinese elderly, especially the younger elderly. These findings suggest that augmentation of DD might promote psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxue Yin
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Melanie Sereny Brasher
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Yuebin Lv
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the study of Aging and Human Development and the Geriatric Division of School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Lutz LJ, Nakayama AT, Karl JP, McClung JP, Gaffney-Stomberg E. Serum and Erythrocyte Biomarkers of Nutrient Status Correlate with Short-Term Α-Carotene, Β-Carotene, Folate, and Vegetable Intakes Estimated by Food Frequency Questionnaire in Military Recruits. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:171-178. [PMID: 30398960 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1490215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) estimate habitual dietary intake and require evaluation in populations of interest in order to determine accuracy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine agreement between circulating biomarkers and FFQ estimated dietary intake in a military population consuming all meals in a dining facility over 12 weeks. METHODS 2014 Block FFQs were administered and fasted blood samples were drawn to assess nutritional biomarkers at the end of a 12-week training period in male (n = 141) and female (n = 125) Marine recruits undergoing initial military training. FFQ estimates of alpha- and beta-carotene, folate, and fruit and vegetable intake and circulating concentrations of serum alpha- and beta-carotene and serum and erythrocyte folate were measured. Partial correlations were used in the full model, and weighted kappa coefficients were used to determine agreement between ranking quartiles of dietary intake estimates with corresponding biomarker status quartiles. RESULTS Serum and dietary intake of alpha-carotene were positively associated in males (p = 0.009) and females (p < 0.001), as was serum and intake of beta-carotene (males, p = 0.002; females, p < 0.001). Alpha-carotene was positively associated with vegetable intake in males (p = 0.02) and beta-carotene with vegetable intake in females (p = 0.003). Serum folate in males (p = 0.002) and erythrocyte folate in females (p = 0.02) were associated with dietary folate intake. In females, the relationships between biomarker and dietary estimates yielded significant kappa coefficients. In males, a significant kappa coefficient was observed for erythrocyte folate and dietary intake of folate only. The kappa coefficient for serum and estimated intake of beta-carotene was not significant in males. CONCLUSION Twelve-week habitual intake of alpha-and beta-carotene and folate were correlated with circulating biomarkers in a military training population. The 2014 Block FFQ was able to accurately rank females into quartiles of nutrient status based on intake, while males were ranked less accurately than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Lutz
- a Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine , Natick , MA , USA
| | - Anna T Nakayama
- b Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education supporting the Military Performance Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine , Natick , MA , USA
| | - J Philip Karl
- a Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine , Natick , MA , USA
| | - James P McClung
- a Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine , Natick , MA , USA
| | - Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
- c Military Performance Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine , Natick , MA , USA
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Cole RE, Bukhari AS, Champagne CM, McGraw SM, Hatch AM, Montain SJ. Performance Nutrition Dining Facility Intervention Improves Special Operations Soldiers' Diet Quality and Meal Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:993-1004. [PMID: 30172700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the Special Operations Forces Human Performance Program dining facility (DFAC) intervention on patron diet quality and meal satisfaction. DESIGN Nonrandomized, controlled time series study using digital food photography and surveys pre-post intervention (0, 4, 8, and 12 months). SETTING Two Fort Bragg, NC military installation DFACs. PARTICIPANTS Volunteers (n = 688 total; n = 573 complete dataset) were US Army active duty soldiers. INTERVENTION The DFAC intervention included food choice architecture, new performance-optimizing food recipes to increase nutrient density, revised menus to offer more performance foods daily, and nutrition labeling to influence food choice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Daily DFAC nutrient intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 scores. ANALYSIS Descriptive and ANOVA statistical analyses were performed between control and intervention groups and from baseline to 4, 8, and 12 months postintervention (α = .05; 80% power). RESULTS The intervention resulted in a higher posttest HEI score (60.1 ± 8.8 points; +3.4%; P = .005) and DFAC satisfaction compared with control (49.0 ± 10.4 points; P > .05). Improved intervention HEI scores were attributed to changes in citrus and melon fruit (+46%), red and orange vegetables (+35%), whole grains (+181%), legumes (65%), yogurt (+45%), oils (-26%), and solid fat (-18%) consumption (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data illustrate that the Special Operations Forces Human Performance Program military DFAC nutrition intervention was feasible to implement and was associated with diet quality improvements. Access to high-quality ingredients and recipes may improve soldier meal quality and acceptance in other settings and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Cole
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.
| | - Asma S Bukhari
- Nutritional Services Division, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Catherine M Champagne
- Dietary Intake and Nutrition Counseling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Susan M McGraw
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Adrienne M Hatch
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Scott J Montain
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
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Diet Quality for Sodium and Vegetables Mediate Effects of Whole Food Diets on 8-Week Changes in Stress Load. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111606. [PMID: 30388762 PMCID: PMC6266876 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about how whole food diets, such as those based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), influence psychological stress and physiological stress load. To better understand the effects of whole food diets on stress, we examined in a randomized control trial the effects of a DGA-based diet on markers of psychological and physiological stress. A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-week intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women randomly assigned to one of two diet groups: a diet based on the 2010 DGA or a diet based on a Typical American Diet (TAD). The Perceived Stress Scale and allostatic load were used to assess stress load. Eight-week change in perceived stress did not significantly (p = 0.45) differ between the DGA (+0.53 ± 0.99) and TAD (-0.57 ± 0.99) groups. Likewise, 8-week change in allostatic load did not significantly (p = 0.79) differ between the two diet intervention groups (DGA: +0.001 ± 0.26 vs. TAD: +0.105 ± 0.28). However, we did find strong inverse associations between 8-week change in stress and intervention-based improvements in diet quality (lower sodium and higher vegetable consumption). When statistically accounting for these inverse associations, we found that perceived stress and allostatic load were higher (p < 0.04) in the DGA group. These findings suggest that improvements in dietary vegetable and sodium intake mediated effects of the diet intervention on psychological and physiological stress load. That is, adopting and adhering to a diet of higher quality (DGA) for 8 weeks may have been generally more stressful in the absence of improvements in vegetable or sodium consumption. This study provides further evidence for the mental health benefits of maximizing vegetable and minimizing sodium consumption.
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Ganesh R, Mahapatra S, Fuehrer DL, Folkert LJ, Jack WA, Jenkins SM, Bauer BA, Wahner-Roedler DL, Sood A. The Stressed Executive: Sources and Predictors of Stress Among Participants in an Executive Health Program. Glob Adv Health Med 2018; 7:2164956118806150. [PMID: 30364454 PMCID: PMC6196623 DOI: 10.1177/2164956118806150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is highly prevalent in the U.S. society, especially in executives, and is a well-documented risk factor for a wide range of medical disorders. Knowledge of common sources of stress and predictive factors may help identify executives at risk of high stress and allow us to appropriately refer them for stress management treatment. Objective The primary aim of this study was to identify common sources of stress, predictors of high stress, and other correlates among executives. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of executives who requested a stress management consult at our institution. We abstracted the data from a 14-item intake survey as well as from the patient interview. Results Of the 839 executives, 827 executives (98.6%) who were referred for individual stress management consults completed the stress-related questions of the survey; 51.3% of these executives reported having a high stress level. Study participants mostly struggled with the well-being measures of sleep, anxiety, energy level, and diet. The majority reported that their main stressor was work related (n = 540, 64.4%) followed by family related (n = 371, 44.2%), health related (n = 170, 20.3%), and work–life balance (n = 62, 7.4%). In unadjusted analysis, high stress was associated with younger age (P = .006), lower quality-of-life scores (P < .001), and less physical activity (P < .001). In multivariable analyses, the strongest predictors for high stress level were younger age (odds ratios [OR] = 0.84, P = .045) and worse quality-of-life indicators such as anxiety (OR = 2.72, P < .001), diet (OR = 0.78, P = .02), and sleep (OR = 0.74, P < .003). Conclusion These findings suggest that executives with a high level of stress might be best helped through a multimodality stress management program. Our findings merit replication in larger studies and more definitive confirmation with prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Saswati Mahapatra
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Debbie L Fuehrer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Levi J Folkert
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Whitney A Jack
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brent A Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Amit Sood
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Johnson RA, Milner KA, Heng C, Greer AE, DeNisco S. Implementation and Evaluation of a Physical Activity and Dietary Program in Federal Incarcerated Females. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2018; 24:395-406. [DOI: 10.1177/1078345818793142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Johnson
- US Public Health Service, Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Kerry A. Milner
- College of Nursing, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Christine Heng
- US Public Health Service, Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Anna E. Greer
- Department of Public Health, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Sue DeNisco
- College of Nursing, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
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Krishnan S, Adams SH, Allen LH, Laugero KD, Newman JW, Stephensen CB, Burnett DJ, Witbracht M, Welch LC, Que ES, Keim NL. A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:266-278. [PMID: 30101333 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend nutrient needs be met by increasing fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intake with the use of low-fat or fat-free dairy products and by reducing sodium, solid fats, and added sugars. However, the DGA, as a dietary pattern, have not been tested in an intervention trial. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a DGA-based diet compared with a representative typical American diet (TAD) on glucose homeostasis and fasting lipids in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease. Design A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-wk intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). The TAD diet was based on average adult intake from the NHANES 2009-2010. The DGA and TAD diets had respective Healthy Eating Index scores of 98 and 62. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention. Oral-glucose tolerance and fasting lipids were evaluated at 0, 2, and 8 wk of the intervention. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were estimated with the use of surrogates (e.g., homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Results By design, volunteers maintained their weight during the intervention. Fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, oral-glucose tolerance, and indexes of insulin resistance were not affected by either of the diets. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the DGA group (∼-9 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Total and HDL cholesterol also decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). Exploratory analysis comparing volunteers entering the study with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with those with only dyslipidemia did not show an effect of pre-existing conditions on glucose tolerance or fasting lipid outcomes. Conclusions The consumption of a DGA dietary pattern for 8 wk without weight loss reduced systolic blood pressure. There were no differences between the DGA and TAD diets in fasting insulin, glucose, indexes of insulin resistance, or fasting lipids. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John W Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Megan Witbracht
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lucas C Welch
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Excel S Que
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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Lutz LJ, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Karl JP, Hughes JM, Guerriere KI, McClung JP. Dietary Intake in Relation to Military Dietary Reference Values During Army Basic Combat Training; a Multi-center, Cross-sectional Study. Mil Med 2018; 184:e223-e230. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Lutz
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA
| | - Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA
| | - J Philip Karl
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA
| | - Julie M Hughes
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA
| | - Katelyn I Guerriere
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA
| | - James P McClung
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA
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Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Pounis G, Persichillo M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Mediterranean-type diet is associated with higher psychological resilience in a general adult population: findings from the Moli-sani study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:154-160. [PMID: 28952609 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Psychological resilience is a measure of stress coping ability and has been associated with favourable health outcomes. While evidence on the relationship of dietary habits with a number of psychosocial conditions is available, there is lack of studies on their association with psychological resilience in a general adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional analysis on 10 812 subjects recruited within the cohort of the Moli-sani study (2005-2010). Psychological resilience was measured by the 25-item Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale. Food intake was recorded by the EPIC food frequency questionnaire and adherence to Mediterranean diet was appraised by both a Greek Mediterranean diet score and an Italian Mediterranean Index. Empirically derived dietary patterns were obtained by principal factor analysis. Multivariable linear regression analysis (95%CI) was used to test the association between dietary scores and psychological resilience. RESULTS Higher adherence to Mediterranean-type diets or consumption of a vegetable-based dietary pattern (obtained from principal factor analysis) were positively associated with psychological resilience (β=0.43; 95%CI: 0.19-0.66, β=0.92; 0.69-1.16, and β=1.18; 0.93-1.44, for Greek Mediterranean diet score, Italian Mediterranean Index and the 'Olive oil and vegetables pattern', respectively). Dietary polyphenol or antioxidant intakes and greater variety in fruit and vegetable consumption were also positively associated with psychological resilience, while the associations with Western-like diets were weak. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Mediterranean diet, vegetable-based dietary patterns and better diet quality were all positively associated with higher psychological resilience, whereas Western-type diets were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A Di Castelnuovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - G Pounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - G de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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