1
|
Wang S, Wang X, Dai H. Psychometric properties of anxiety sensitivity Index-3 among Chinese college students and its preliminary application among this population experiencing campus lockdown. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02713-2. [PMID: 38951154 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to fear of anxiety-related sensory arousal and has been revealed to be associated with increased psychological distress and mental problems. Although Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) has been confirmed to be effective in evaluating this construct, whether it is consistently applicable in college students is still elusive. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of Chinese version of ASI-3 (C-ASI-3) among college students experiencing campus lockdown due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A total of 1532 Chinese college students (397, 25.9% males) aged between 16 and 25 were included in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the factor structure of C-ASI-3. Multi-group CFA was conducted for analysis of measurement invariance with regard to gender. McDonald's omega values were computed for examination of scale reliability. For criterion, convergent, and divergent validity, average variance extracted (AVE) values for C-ASI-3 subscales, difference between square root of AVE for each factor and inter-factor correlation, as well as pearson correlation and partial correlation between the C-ASI-3 and other three scales, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19 S) were evaluated. RESULTS The C-ASI-3 presented a three-factor scale structure with fit indices being as follows: χ2/df = 11.590, CFI = 0.938, RMSEA = 0.083, SRMR = 0.042. Strict measurement invariance was reached across gender. Regarding convergent validity, the C-ASI-3 had a high correlation with the DASS-21 (r = 0.597, p < 0.01) and the STAI (r = 0.504, p < 0.01). All AVE values for C-ASI-3 subscales were above 0.5. In terms of divergent validity, the C-ASI-3 had medium correlation with the FCV-19 S (r = 0.360, p < 0.01). Square of root of AVE for each factor was higher that inter-factor correlation. McDonald's omega values of the three dimensions ranged from 0.898 ~ 0.958. CONCLUSION The C-ASI-3 has acceptable psychometric properties among college students. College students with different gender have consistent understanding on the scale construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Wang
- Centre for Mental Health Guidance, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zvolensky MJ, Robison JH, Ayers ZS, Senger AR, Clausen BK, Businelle MS, Gallagher MW. Anxiety sensitivity and COVID-19 mental health, fatigue, and well-being: a longitudinal examination among adults from the United States during March-October 2020. Cogn Behav Ther 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38828649 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2360054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
There is widespread empirical evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to elevated risk of mental and physical health symptoms and decreased quality of life. The present investigation sought to examine if individual differences in anxiety sensitivity was associated with mental health, psychosomatic, and well-being among a sample of US adults during a 6-month period early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing longitudinal research methodology, we tested the hypothesis that the anxiety sensitivity global factor would be related to increased risk of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and lower well-being. Secondary analyses evaluated the lower order anxiety sensitivity factors for the same criterion variables. The sample consisted of 778 participants with an average age of 37.96 (SD = 11.81; range 18-73). Results indicated that, as hypothesized, anxiety sensitivity was associated with increased risk for more severe anxiety, depression, fatigue, and lesser well-being; the observed effects of anxiety sensitivity were relatively robust and evident in adjusted models that controlled for numerous theoretically and clinically relevant factors (e.g. perceived health status). Overall, these results suggest that pandemic functioning could likely be improved via interventions that target elevated anxiety sensitivity as a vulnerability factor for a broad range of aversive psychosomatic symptoms and personal well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas MD, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zachary S Ayers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy R Senger
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryce K Clausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Businelle
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew W Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Byam LJ, Penney AM. COVID-19 anxiety and its relation to anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104179. [PMID: 38364634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of individuals, particularly in the area of anxiety-related disorders. Anxiety regarding COVID-19 has been associated with health anxiety, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Additionally, COVID-19 anxiety has been associated with anxiety sensitivity, disgust, maladaptive metacognitions, and intolerance of uncertainty. While researchers have established that anxiety disorders and anxiety-related mechanisms were associated with COVID-19 anxiety, which specific anxiety-related symptoms and mechanisms are primarily associated with COVID-19 anxiety needs to be more extensively explored. The current study sought to further this area by examining which particular anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms were uniquely associated with COVID-19 anxiety. A non-clinical sample of 593 Canadian undergraduate participants (Mage = 21.13 years; 67.7 % female) completed this cross-sectional study between September 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed online questionaries assessing anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms in addition to multiple scales of COVID-19 anxiety. When examining symptoms, health anxiety (prs = 0.17-0.29) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (prs = 0.16-0.35) symptoms had the strongest unique associations with COVID-19 anxiety. Among the anxiety-related mechanisms, disgust sensitivity (prs = 0.14-0.16) and health anxiety-specific intolerance of uncertainty (prs = 0.12-0.30) had the strongest unique associations with COVID-19 anxiety. Individuals experiencing these disorders and anxiety-related mechanisms may be at a heightened vulnerability to experiencing heightened anxiety during future pandemics. Mental health professionals should discuss COVID-19 anxiety with individuals experiencing health anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Lastly, the study highlights the significance of considering a variety of specific anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms when working to understand pandemic anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layton J Byam
- MacEwan University, Department of Psychology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oker A, Laraki Y, Anders R, Fongaro E, Capdevielle D, Raffard S. Validation of the French COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms Questionnaire (Cov-Tabs): A self-report assessment. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(23)00217-8. [PMID: 38311477 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms (Cov-Tabs) is a self-reported questionnaire developed to identify the presence of psychological distress and anxiety-related behavior associated with COVID-19. This scale has been used since the first episodes of mass contamination of COVID-19 disease in the USA without psychometric validation analysis. The objective of this paper is to validate the French version of the Cov-TaBS. METHOD In this study, we assessed a French translation of Cov-Tabs in 300 subjects from the general population. Moreover, we assessed convergent and discriminant validities using an anxiety and depression scale and a paranoid ideation scale. Statistical analyses consisted of evaluating internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity as well. RESULTS The French translation of the Cov-Tabs demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability, as well as good temporal stability over a period of less than 2 weeks. It also showed strong convergent validity with anxiety and depression traits and divergent validity with paranoid ideation. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the French version of the Cov-Tabs has robust psychometric properties and is a valid tool for evaluating behavioral symptomatology and thoughts related to COVID-19 disease. Therefore, the French version of the Cov-Tabs is a valid tool that can be used in French-speaking individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Oker
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, C2S, Reims, France.
| | - Yasmine Laraki
- CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Royce Anders
- Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Delphine Capdevielle
- CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alfieri S, Gangeri L, Sborea S, Borreani C. Cancer patients' needs for volunteer services during Covid-19: a mixed-method exploratory study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:421. [PMID: 38041168 PMCID: PMC10691064 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, there are no known studies that have investigated the new need for volunteer services among cancer patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, it is essential for volunteer associations to heighten such knowledge to best guide their offer in this challenging period. AIM The present study aims to provide a mapping of the cancer patients' needs for volunteer services followed at Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in Milan (Italy) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Since there are no specific questionnaires for this purpose, we created an ad hoc tool for which we report the preliminary result. METHOD We used a mixed-method multiphase approach. PHASE I in April-May 2020 40 ad hoc paper questionnaires were distributed at the entrance of the aforementioned hospital, with the aim of investigating patients' needs through two open-ended questions then analyzed through thematic analysis. PHASE II the contents that emerged from Phase I were transformed into items and submitted to the judgment of a small group of "peers" (patients) and "experts" (professionals) in November-December 2020 to evaluate their comprehensiveness, representativeness and intrusiveness. Phase III: in January-February 2021 paper questionnaires, containing the items reviewed in Phase II, were distributed within the hospital to a representative sample of cancer patients. We applied descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha. RESULTS 32 patients completed Phase I, 3 "peers" and 9 "experts" participated in Phase II, 214 patients completed the questionnaire in Phase III. EFA highlights five kinds of needs during the Covid-19 pandemic, in order of priority: (1) need to be supported at the hospital; (2) need for emotional support; (3) need for daily errands; (4) need for practical support to family members; (5) need to share free time. Preliminary results on the tool are encouraging, although further studies are needed. These results will allow local volunteer associations to adapt their services during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alfieri
- Clinical Psychology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Gangeri
- Clinical Psychology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Borreani
- Clinical Psychology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Turan PA, Turan O. Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on smoking cessation success. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:431-436. [PMID: 38357112 PMCID: PMC10862625 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Setting-objective Current COVID-19 outbreak has led to many behavioural changes, including smoking behaviours. We aimed to investigate the success of quitting smoking of smoking cessation outpatients. Design Patients who applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic of a state hospital during the pandemic were retrospectively analysed. Smoking cessation success, personal views and experiences about COVID-19 were questioned. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale was applied. Results The smoking cessation rate in the study population was 14.7%. The reasons for not being able to quit smoking were; stress (51.9%), drug discontinuation (28.4%) and reasons related to COVID-19 (12.3%). According to HADS scores; 35.8% of the participants were at risk for anxiety and 72.6% for depression. Those with pulmonary symptoms at the time of application (p=0.001), those who continued smoking cessation treatment (p=0.016), and those without depressive symptoms (p=0.040) were significantly more successful in quitting smoking. The rate of continuing smoking was significantly higher in patients with a history of COVID-19 <18.9% of participants>(p=0.013). Conclusion Intense stress and depressive symptoms, discontinuation of smoking cessation treatment and being infected with Coronavirus negatively affect the smoking cessation process in pandemic. These parameters should be considered during smoking cessation interviews and behavioural support should be obtained if necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Turan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Chest Diseases Department, Izmir-Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han A, Seo HJ, Lee YJ, Kim J, Choi H, Kim YS, Park SH. Exploring the Relationships Among (COVID)-19 Stress, Leisure Constraints, and Happiness for Adults During the (COVID)-19 Pandemic in Korea. Am J Health Behav 2023; 47:558-566. [PMID: 37596756 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The emergence of COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, discomfort, depression, and anxiety for human beings worldwide. In this study, we examined the relationships among COVID-19 stress, leisure constraints, and happiness of Korean adults. Methods: We employed on-line convenience sampling to recruit participants. The sample consisted of Korean adults. A total of 600 surveys were distributed, we retained 293 responses for analysis. Results: COVID-19 stress subcomponents significantly impacted on individual happiness. Our findings align with research focusing on positive correlates between perceived COVID-19 stress and leisure constraints subcomponents. We also found that as COVID-19 stress decreased, perceived happiness increased. Conclusions: Future research is proposed to explore the mechanism of how leisure constraints influence the engagement of physical activities and strategies of leisure constraints negotiation to gain the benefits of happiness in the pandemic crisis. Managerial implications and future research are discussed from the perspectives of constraint negotiation and happiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areum Han
- The Convergence Institute of Healthcare and Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong Universityy, In-Cheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Seo
- Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heeyong Choi
- The Convergence Institute of Healthcare and Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong Universityy, In-Cheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Sik Kim
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Zhou J, Zhuang J, Zhang Q. Gender-specific emotional characteristics of crisis communication on social media: Case studies of two public health crises. Inf Process Manag 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
|
9
|
Taheri D, Jahanshahi F, Khajavi A, Kafi F, Pouramini A, Farsani RM, Alizadeh Y, Akbarzadeh M, Reis LO, Khatami F, Aghamir SMK. The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancers Stage and Grade. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:84-90. [PMID: 36517394 PMCID: PMC9684093 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of uro-oncological surgeries (cystectomy, nephrectomy, prostatectomy, orchiectomy, and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)) and pathological staging and grading. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a retrospective study on patients with genitourinary cancers treated from 2018 to 2021 in a referral tertiary center. The data were obtained from the hospital records with lengths of 22 and 23 months, labeled hereafter as non-COVID and COVID pandemic, respectively (2018/3/21-2020/1/20 and 2020/1/21-2021/12/21). The total number of registered patients, gender, age, stage, and grade were compared in the targeted periods. Moreover, all the pathologic slides were reviewed by an expert uropathologist before enrolling in the study. The continuous and discrete variables are reported as mean (standard deviation (SD)) and number (percent) and the χ2 test for the comparison of the discrete variables' distribution. RESULTS In this study total number of 2077 patients were enrolled. The number of procedures performed decreased during the Covid pandemic. The tumors' distribution stage and grade and patients' baseline characteristics were not significantly different in non-COVID and COVID pandemic periods for Radical Nephrectomy, Radical Cystectomy, Radical Prostatectomy, and orchiectomy. For TURBT only, the tumor stage was significantly different (P-value<.001) from the higher stages in the COVID pandemic period. CONCLUSION Among urinary tract cancers, staging of bladder cancer and TURBT are mainly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic with higher stages compared to the non-COVID period. We evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of uro-oncological surgeries based on pathological staging and grading. Total number of 2077 patients were enrolled. Among urinary tract cancers, staging of bladder cancer and TURBT are mainly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic with higher stages compared to the non-COVID period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Taheri
- Isfahan Kidney Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahanshahi
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Research Committee Member, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khajavi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kafi
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Pouramini
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza M. Farsani
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonardo O. Reis
- UroScience and Department of Surgery (Urology), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohammadkhani S, Akbari M, Shahbahrami M, Seydavi M, Kolubinski DC. Metacognitions About Health in Relation to Coronavirus Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Attentional Syndrome and Distress Tolerance. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2023; 41:222-236. [PMID: 35789751 PMCID: PMC9244087 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) and distress tolerance in the relationship between health-related metacognitions and coronavirus anxiety. The sample of this study consisted of 462 participants (381 female). Participants voluntarily completed self-report questionnaires on each of the variables mentioned above. The results of the structural modeling analysis showed that health-related metacognitions have a significant effect on the mediator variable of distress tolerance and CAS. Also, health-related metacognitions had a direct effect on coronavirus anxiety. Also, based on the results of the bootstrap test, it can be argued that health-related metacognitive beliefs, apart from their direct effect, play an important role in coronavirus anxiety, with CAS acting as a mediator. This study provides insights into the relationships among metacognitive beliefs, coronavirus anxiety, CAS, and distress tolerance. In particular, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, including an individual's beliefs about the uncontrollability of disease-related thoughts, are risk factors that could negatively affect mental health, leading to coronavirus anxiety. In addition, the association of dysfunctional beliefs with maladaptive behaviors resulting from the cognitive attentional syndrome is also involved in predicting and causing coronavirus anxiety. Given the insignificant role of emotional distress tolerance in the psychopathology of COVID-19 anxiety, the findings emphasize the importance of cognitive factors in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, No. 43, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, No. 43, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maede Shahbahrami
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, No. 43, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Seydavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, No. 43, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel C Kolubinski
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Psychological Correlates of Health anxiety in Response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Online Study in Iran. Int J Cogn Ther 2023; 16:103-122. [PMID: 36407051 PMCID: PMC9645315 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-022-00152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current models suggest health anxiety as a fundamental variable associated with fear and anxiety related to COVID-19. The investigation was carried out in separate two studies on the Iranian population. The first study aims to test the COVID-19 Anxiety Inventory (N = 202). The findings indicate a two-factor structure of the scale. Participants (N = 1638) completed the online survey anonymously in the second study, including the COVID-19 Anxiety Inventory, Short Health Anxiety Inventory, The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, Body Vigilance Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21, and Contamination Cognitions Scale. Results showed that health anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and body vigilance would significantly contribute to fears of contracting COVID-19. Moreover, the findings support a central role of intolerance of uncertainty in predicting COVID-19 anxiety. The study results provided both theoretical and practical implications for understanding psychosocial predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
12
|
Is Anxiety Sensitivity Associated with COVID-19 Related Distress and Adherence among Emerging Adults? PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether anxiety sensitivity (AS) is associated with increased distress and adherence to public health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduates, and whether increased distress mediates the relationship between AS and increased adherence. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1318 first- and second-year undergraduates (mean age of 19.2 years; 79.5% females) from five Canadian universities. Relevant subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) and the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) were used to assess AS and neuroticism. Three measures tapped distress: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Brief COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS-B) for COVID-19-specific distress. The COVID-19 Adherence scale (CAD) assessed adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. AS was significantly independently associated with higher general distress (both anxiety and depressive symptoms) and higher COVID-19-specific distress, after controlling age, sex, study site, and neuroticism. Moreover, AS indirectly predicted greater adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures through higher COVID-19-specific distress. Interventions targeting higher AS might be helpful for decreasing both general and COVID-19-specific distress, whereas interventions targeting lower AS might be helpful for increasing adherence to public health containment strategies, in undergraduates.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhen M, Cao J, Wang M. How does goal orientation affect employees' innovation behavior: Data from China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:890062. [PMID: 36186344 PMCID: PMC9523363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.890062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study takes an interaction perspective to examine possible interaction effects of goal orientation, psychological capital, and organizational innovation climate aimed at enhancing employees' innovation behavior. A total sample of 398 employees were selected in Chinese enterprises. The descriptive statistical analyses, multiple regression, and bootstrap approach are adopted to test the interactive effects after controlling for gender, age, years for work of employees, type of enterprises, and industry. Results indicate that learning goal orientation and proving goal orientation have a positive effect on employees' innovation behavior through psychological capital. The positive relationship between psychological capital and employees' innovation behavior is stronger when employees perceive more organizational innovation climate. Additionally, the positive effect of learning goal orientation and proving goal orientation on employees' innovation behavior is stronger in high organizational innovation climate through high-level psychological capital than in low organizational innovation climate. However, the negative effect of avoiding goal orientation on innovation behavior is not significant. Finally, implications and further research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Zhen
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Interoceptive anxiety-related processes: Importance for understanding COVID-19 and future pandemic mental health and addictive behaviors and their comorbidity. Behav Res Ther 2022; 156:104141. [PMID: 35752013 PMCID: PMC9212258 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased prevalence of mental health problems and addictive behaviors. There is a growing theoretical and empirical evidence that individual differences in interoceptive anxiety-related processes are a one set of vulnerability factors that are important in understanding the impact of pandemic-related mental health problems and addictive behavior. However, there has not been a comprehensive effort to explore this rapidly growing body of research and its implications for public health. In this paper, we discuss why interoceptive anxiety-related processes are relevant to understanding mental health and addictive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We then provide a narrative review of the available COVID-19 literature linking interoceptive fear and anxiety-related processes (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, health anxiety, and COVID-19 anxiety, fear, and worry) to mental health and addictive behaviors. We then propose a novel transdiagnostic theoretical model that highlights the role of interoceptive anxiety-related processes in mental health and addictive behavior in the context of the present and future pandemics. In the final section, we utilize this conceptualization to underscore clinical implications and provide guidance for future research initiatives in the management of COVID-19 mental health and addictive behaviors and inform the public health field for future pandemics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hunt C, Webler R, Emich A, Fhong K, Hiljus J, Lissek S. Pre-COVID-19 fear conditioning responses predict COVID-19-related anxiety: evidence from an exploratory study. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:547-556. [PMID: 35114878 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2033735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fear conditioning represents the prevailing model by which organisms acquire novel threat contingencies. However, little work has been devoted to linking laboratory measures of fear conditioning to the development of real-world threat responses. To fill this gap, the present study explored whether individual differences in a laboratory-based fear conditioning measure could predict levels of COVID-19-related anxiety and avoidance assessed during the first month of the pandemic. DESIGN AND METHOD Forty-eight undergraduate students who had previously participated in two fear conditioning experiments prior to COVID-19 completed a survey assessing COVID-19 anxiety and avoidance. The fear conditioning experiment involved learning to discriminate between a shape contingently associated with mild electric shock (CS+) and two other shapes that were not (CS-). RESULTS Increased subjective anxiety to our laboratory CS+ prior to the pandemic predicted heightened COVID-19 anxiety. Follow-up analyses revealed that participants with high COVID-19 anxiety exhibited increased anxiety to CS+ during the final experimental block relative to participants with low COVID-19 anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this exploratory study tentatively implicate fear conditioning in the development of real-world fear responses and underscore the importance of investigating laboratory fear conditioning as a predictor of anxiety responses to real-world threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hunt
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ryan Webler
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Abigail Emich
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly Fhong
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jenna Hiljus
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Firoozjah MH, Homayouni A, Shahrbanian S, Shahriari S, Janinejad D. Behavioral activation / inhibition systems and lifestyle as predictors of mental disorders in adolescent athletes during Covid19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1444. [PMID: 35906564 PMCID: PMC9334982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study investigates the correlational relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems, lifestyle and mental disorders in Adolescent Athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Research methods are descriptive and correlational; “Of the eligible participants who were available during a COVID-19 quarantine period from June through August 2020 (N = 180), the Krejcie and Morgan Sampling Method was used to simplify the process of determining the sample size for a finite population [46], resulting in a calculation of N = 130 sample participants. to respond to Carver & White’s Behavioral activation/inhibition systems Scale (BIS/BAS), Mille’s Lifestyle Questionnaire and Goldberg & Williams’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data was analyzed using linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Findings showed a positive correlation of statistical significance between behavioral inhibition systems (BIS) and mental disorders in Adolescent Athletes at the 0.01 level and a negative correlation of statistical significance between scaling components of the behavioral activation systems (BAS), lifestyle and mental disorders in Adolescent Athletes at the 0.05 level. Conclusions: Analyzing the data, it can thus be concluded that whilst behavioral inhibition and activation systems seem to work together to significantly predict mental disorders, lifestyle cannot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Homayouni
- Department of Psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Shahriari
- Department of Psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran
| | - Diana Janinejad
- Undergraduate Psychology/Cognitive Sciences Researcher, University of California Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molero Jurado MDM, Martos Martínez Á, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Simón Márquez MDM, Méndez Mateo I, Barragán Martín AB, Gázquez Linares JJ. Repercussions of perceived threat to health in the Spanish population. Glob Health Promot 2022; 30:33-41. [PMID: 35879839 DOI: 10.1177/17579759221102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that COVID-19 has had a worldwide psychological impact. Confinement due to COVID-19 has had important repercussions on the mental health of the general population, with high levels of stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, and so forth. Similarly, important labor, economic and social changes taking place are affecting people's well-being. The objective of this study was to analyze the repercussions of perceived threat from COVID-19 on the mental health of the population, and to evaluate the mediating role of perceived economic impact. The participants were 1160 adult residents of Spain aged 18 to 82, 69.9% of whom were women. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Questionnaire on Perception of Threat from COVID-19 and the General Health Questionnaire were administered. Perceived threat had a positive direct effect on all four health dimensions analyzed. Among the indirect effects, the perceived economic impact of COVID-19 mediated in the relationship between perceived threat and each of the health dimensions. The results of this study have demonstrated the need to promote joint action promoting public mental health to minimize the psychological repercussions of new outbreaks.
Collapse
|
18
|
COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress and Loneliness in Chinese Residents in North America: The Role of Contraction Worry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137639. [PMID: 35805295 PMCID: PMC9265493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the association of COVID-19 contraction worry for self and for family members with COVID-19 peritraumatic distress and loneliness in Chinese residents in North America. A sample of 943 Chinese residents (immigrants, citizens, visitors, and international students) in North America completed a cross-sectional online survey during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (between January and February 2021). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) models identified possible sociodemographic variables that were included in the subsequent hierarchical regression models. According to the hierarchical regression models, self-contraction worry was significantly associated with both COVID-19 peritraumatic distress (B = −4.340, p < 0.001) and loneliness (B = −0.771, p = 0.006) after controlling for related sociodemographic covariates; however, family-contraction worry was not significantly associated with the outcome variables. Additionally, poorer health status and experienced discrimination significantly predicted higher COVID-19 peritraumatic distress, whereas poorer health status and perceived discrimination significantly predicted increased loneliness. The results highlighted the detrimental impacts of self-contraction worry on peritraumatic distress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese residents in North America.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim HJ, Meeker TJ, Tulloch IK, Mullins J, Park JH, Bae SH. Pandemic Fatigue and Anxiety Sensitivity as Associated Factors With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among University Students in South Korea During the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604552. [PMID: 35645697 PMCID: PMC9137407 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The global impact of COVID-19 driven by new variants may add to the negative mental health consequences of the prolonged pandemic, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). University students may be prone to develop a series of PTSS due to life plan disruptions as well as increased uncertainty caused by the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between pandemic fatigue, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and PTSS among university students in South Korea. Methods: Using convenience sampling, 400 students participated in this cross-sectional online survey. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to examine factors associated with PTSS. Results: About one-third (32.3%) of the participants reported clinically significant levels of PTSS. Multivariate analyses revealed that pandemic fatigue (β = 0.124, p < 0.001) and AS (β = 0.212, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with PTSS while controlling for other study variables. Conclusion: Young adults who feel more fatigue related to the COVID-19 pandemic and with high AS should be given access to mental health resources to better manage their mental health and reduce PTSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Kim
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Timothy J. Meeker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ingrid K. Tulloch
- Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jake Mullins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sun Hyoung Bae
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun Hyoung Bae,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mermin-Bunnell K, Ahn WK. It's Time to be disgusting about COVID-19: Effect of disgust priming on COVID-19 public health compliance among liberals and conservatives. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267735. [PMID: 35551525 PMCID: PMC9098091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is far from over, in part due to poor adoption of public health mitigation measures in the U.S. and the continued spread of the Delta and Omicron variants. Current public health messaging used in the U.S. could be improved to better combat mistrust about COVID-19 and its mitigation measures, especially vaccines. We propose that a disgust-inducing public health campaign will be more effective than current approaches, primarily among conservatives, who are both sensitive to moralized disgust and are less compliant with U.S. public health guidelines. Using a convenience sample across two studies (n = 1610), we found that presenting disgusting images related to the COVID-19 pandemic increased public health compliance more among conservatives than among liberals. Among unvaccinated conservative participants, disgusting images significantly increased willingness to be vaccinated compared to less disgusting images of COVID-19 or perks offered for COVID-19 vaccines. Using disgusting images for public health messaging has the potential to improve compliance among conservatives and accelerate the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo-kyoung Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shook NJ, Fitzgerald HN, Oosterhoff B, MacFarland E, Sevi B. Is disgust proneness prospectively associated with influenza vaccine hesitancy and uptake? J Behav Med 2022; 46:54-64. [PMID: 35507238 PMCID: PMC9066988 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although various demographic and psychosocial factors have been identified as correlates of influenza vaccine hesitancy, factors that promote infectious disease avoidance, such as disgust proneness, have been rarely examined. In two large national U.S. samples (Ns = 475 and 1007), we investigated whether disgust proneness was associated with retrospective accounts of influenza vaccine uptake, influenza vaccine hesitancy, and eventual influenza vaccine uptake, while accounting for demographics and personality. Across both studies, greater age, higher education, working in healthcare, and greater disgust proneness were significantly related to greater likelihood of previously receiving an influenza vaccine. In Study 2, which was a year-long longitudinal project, disgust proneness prospectively predicted influenza vaccine hesitancy and eventual vaccine uptake during the 2020–2021 influenza season. Findings from this project expand our understanding of individual-level factors associated with influenza vaccine hesitancy and uptake, highlighting a psychological factor to be targeted in vaccine hesitancy interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Shook
- University of Connecticut, 231 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Barış Sevi
- University of Connecticut, 231 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Church LD, Bounoua N, Rodriguez SN, Bredemeier K, Spielberg JM. Longitudinal relationships between COVID-19 preventative behaviors and perceived vulnerability to disease. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 88:102561. [PMID: 35378369 PMCID: PMC8959657 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Engagement in infection-preventing behaviors (e.g., mask wearing) has become crucial in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and health-related anxiety may be an important determinant of individual compliance with recommended guidelines. However, little is known about transactional associations between health anxiety and preventative behaviors, particularly with respect to COVID-19. The present study aimed to longitudinally examine the links between preventative behaviors and both emotion-driven (Germ Aversion) and belief-based (Perceived Infectability) aspects of health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that greater health anxiety at Time 1 (early in the pandemic) would predict future compliance with preventative behaviors six months later. Two hundred and ninety-six adults (M/SDage= 30.9/10.9 years, 42.2% female) completed two online assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic (Time 1 =June 2020; Time 2 =December 2020). Longitudinal cross-lagged analyses revealed that initial Germ Aversion predicted greater engagement in preventative behaviors at follow-up (β = 0.16; p = <.001), over and above initial engagement in such behaviors. Similarly, initial engagement in preventative behaviors predicted increases in Germ Aversion at follow-up (β = .23; p = <.001), over and above initial Germ Aversion. The present findings indicate that affect-driven aspects of health anxiety have a complex transactional relationship with engagement in behaviors aimed at curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical and public health implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah D. Church
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, USA,Correspondence to: Leah D. Church, University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Nadia Bounoua
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, USA
| | - Samantha N. Rodriguez
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Keith Bredemeier
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Spielberg
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fear of becoming infected and fear of doing the wrong thing – Cross-cultural adaptation and further validation of the multidimensional assessment of COVID-19-related fears. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2022; 4:e6137. [PMID: 36397743 PMCID: PMC9667343 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.6137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the COVID-19 infection speeding around the world, many experience fear and anxiety. To detect those at risk of psychopathology and provide treatment, valid instruments are needed. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally validate the theory-based instrument Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19-Related Fears (MAC-RF) in Croatian and to further examine the scale’s validity by exploring its relationship with relevant constructs. Method A total of 477 participants completed an online survey during a rapid rise in new daily COVID-19 cases in Croatia and while new restrictions were being imposed. Results MAC-RF had a stronger association with health anxiety, cyberchondria, and anxiety sensitivity compared to depression, attesting to its convergent and divergent validity. However, a 2-factor structure was revealed in this sample: Fear of infection and Fear of using an inadequate strategy in dealing with pandemic. Fear of infection had a stronger association with health anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety and was a better predictor of COVID-19 related protective health behaviors. Fear of choosing an inadequate strategy had a stronger association with cyberchondria, fear of consequences of the epidemic on mental health, as well as financial consequences, and loss of civil liberties. Conclusion Fear of infection captures negative emotional states due to feared consequences on personal somatic health and the health of loved ones, while Fear of choosing an inadequate strategy in dealing with the pandemic reflects a metacognitive aspect. Treatments may have to target both aspects of COVID-19 related fear. MAC-RF is a theory-based instrument for measuring COVID-19 related fears. MAC-RF has two factors: Fear of infection and Fear of using an inadequate strategy in dealing with the pandemic. First factor had a stronger association with heath anxiety and protective health behaviors. Second factor had a stronger association with cyberchondria and fear for mental health.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramos-Vera CA. The Internal Dynamics of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale through Network Analysis. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:258-260. [PMID: 36369152 PMCID: PMC9642969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Shahrajabian MH. Powerful Stress Relieving Medicinal Plants for Anger, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During Global Pandemic. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:284-310. [PMID: 35319401 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220321102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consideration and improvement for anxiety and depression are important during a global pandemic. Appropriate healthcare can be obtained by paying more attention to traditional medicinal sciences. The adverse effects of stress with various symptoms can be managed by introducing plants that boost mental health. The most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to the global pandemic are pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, specific and uncontrolled fear, disabling loneliness, significant lifestyle changes, and psychiatric conditions. Ginseng, chamomile, passionflower, herbal tea, lavender, saffron, kava, rose, cardamom, Chinese date, and some chief formula like yokukansan, Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san, so-ochim-tang-gamiband, and saikokaryukotsuboreito are notable herbal treatments for mental health problems. The most common medicinal plants that have been used in Iran for the cure of stress and anxiety are Viper's-buglosses, Dracocephalum, valerian, chamomile, common hop, hawthorns, and lavender. Medicinal plants and herbs can be used for the treatment and alleviation of the negative effects of stress, anger, and depression during the global pandemic.
Collapse
|
26
|
Fan C, Fu P, Li X, Li M, Zhu M. Trauma exposure and the PTSD symptoms of college teachers during the peak of the COVID‐19 outbreak. Stress Health 2021; 37:914-927. [PMID: 33837651 PMCID: PMC8250066 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore influencing factors for the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Wuhan college teachers, posttraumatic stress symptoms in particular, so as to inform evidence-based strategy development to ameliorate such adverse impacts. An online survey was conducted from 26 to 29 April 2020, and 1650 teachers (47.54% male; M = 40.28 years, SD = 8.3 years) enrolled in Wuhan universities and colleges participated. The results showed that the overall incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among college teachers was as high as 24.55%, but the average level of PTSD score was low (M = 1.06, SD = 0.72). Logistic regression analysis showed that for those with confirmed COVID-19, the ratio was much higher, up to 2.814 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.542, 5.136], p < 0.001); that is, compared with those without symptoms, the ratio of PTSD increased by 181%. For those who had family members or relatives who died of COVID-19, the ratio was 5.592 (95% CI: [2.271, 13.766], p < 0.001), 459% higher than those who had no one who died. But the living places during the pandemic had no significant effect on PTSD. The findings suggest that mental health services reducing PTSD should be provided. Teachers who confirmed COVID-19 or lost loved ones to COVID-19 should be given particular care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Fan
- School of SociologyCentral China Normal UniversityChina
| | - Ping Fu
- School of SociologyCentral China Normal UniversityChina
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of SociologyCentral China Normal UniversityChina
| | - Min Li
- School of SociologyCentral China Normal UniversityChina
| | - Miao Zhu
- School of SociologyCentral China Normal UniversityChina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sauer KS, Schmidt A, Jungmann SM, Bailer J, Witthöft M. Do patients with pathological health anxiety fear COVID-19? A time-course analysis of 12 single cases during the "first wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. J Psychosom Res 2021; 152:110687. [PMID: 34875465 PMCID: PMC8632435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pre-existing health anxiety is associated with an intensified affective response to the novel COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Still, results on the reaction of people with a diagnosis of pathological health anxiety (i.e., hypochondriasis) are scarce. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the course of (health) anxiety related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in comparison to (health) anxiety related to other severe diseases (e.g., cancer) in a sample of 12 patients with the diagnosis of pathological health anxiety during the "first wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Both SARS-CoV-2 related anxiety and anxiety related to other severe diseases were assessed weekly over 16 measurement points (30.03.-19.07.2020) and primarily analyzed with fixed effects regression analyses. RESULTS Unexpectedly, SARS-CoV-2 related anxiety was on average significantly lower than anxiety related to other severe diseases (d = -0.54, p < .001) and not significantly associated with anxiety related to other severe diseases or pre-COVID-19 health anxiety. CONCLUSION It therefore appears premature to assume that SARS-CoV-2 related anxiety and other health worries are necessarily strongly interrelated and comparably high in people with pathological health anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline S Sauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andrea Schmidt
- DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Germany.
| | - Stefanie M Jungmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Germany.
| | - Josef Bailer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharrock MJ, Mahoney AE, Haskelberg H, Millard M, Newby JM. The uptake and outcomes of Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for health anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 84:102494. [PMID: 34763219 PMCID: PMC8570415 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for health anxiety has demonstrated efficacy but has not been evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study presents the first evaluation of the uptake and outcomes of iCBT for health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS THIS WAY UP is an Australian digital mental health service which delivers iCBT interventions to community members. We compared the uptake of THIS WAY UP's iCBT course for health anxiety in an Australian adult sample who started the course before the pandemic (12th September 2019-11 th March 2020) to during the pandemic (12th March to 11th June 2020). The course was accessible to Australian adults over 18 years old, with no inclusion criteria. Outcomes included course registrations and commencements, lesson and course completion, and self-reported health anxiety (Short Health Anxiety Inventory), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item) and distress (Kessler-10). RESULTS From March to June 2020, we observed significant increases in course registrations (N = 238 vs N = 1057); and course commencements (N = 126 vs. N = 778). Large, significant improvements in health anxiety (g = 0.89), and distress (K10: g = 0.91), and medium improvements in depression (g = 0.55) were found. Course completion during COVID was 30.5%. CONCLUSIONS iCBT improved health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides scalable intervention that can address increased demands for mental health services in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sharrock
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales at St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Alison E.J. Mahoney
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales at St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia,Corresponding author at: Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales at St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Hila Haskelberg
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales at St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - Michael Millard
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales at St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Jill M. Newby
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia,Corresponding author at: School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schulz PJ, Andersson EM, Bizzotto N, Norberg M. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study the Development of COVID-19 Worries in Sweden: Longitudinal Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26743. [PMID: 34847065 PMCID: PMC8669580 DOI: 10.2196/26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The foray of COVID-19 around the globe has certainly instigated worries in many people, and lockdown measures may well have triggered more specific worries. Sweden, more than other countries, relied on voluntary measures to fight the pandemic. This provides a particularly interesting context to assess people’s reactions to the threat of the pandemic. Objective The general aim of this study was to better understand the worried reactions to the virus and the associated lockdown measures. As there have been very few longitudinal studies in this area published to date, development of feelings of worry over time was analyzed over a longer range than in previous research. Affective variables, worry in particular, were included because most of the research in this field has focused on cognitive variables. To employ new methodology, ecological momentary assessment was used for data collection and a multilevel modeling approach was adopted for data analysis. Methods Results were based on an unbalanced panel sample of 260 Swedish participants filling in 3226 interview questionnaires by smartphone over a 7-week period in 2020 during the rapid rise of cases in the early phase of the pandemic. Causal factors considered in this study included the perceived severity of an infection, susceptibility of a person to the threat posed by the virus, perceived efficacy of safeguarding measures, and assessment of government action against the spread of COVID-19. The effect of these factors on worries was traced in two analytical steps: the effects at the beginning of the study and the effect on the trend during the study. Results The level of general worry related to COVID-19 was modest (mean 6.67, SD 2.54 on an 11-point Likert scale); the increase during the study period was small, but the interindividual variation of both the worry level and its increase over time was large. Findings confirmed that the hypothesized causal factors (severity of infection, susceptibility to the threat of the virus, efficacy of safeguarding, and assessment of government preventive action) did indeed affect the level of worry. Conclusions The results confirmed earlier research in a very special case and demonstrated the usefulness of a different study design, which takes a longitudinal perspective, and a new type of data analysis borrowed from multilevel study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Johannes Schulz
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Bizzotto
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Margareta Norberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Helping While Social Distancing: Pathogen Avoidance Motives Influence People's Helping Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212113. [PMID: 34831871 PMCID: PMC8622284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral immune system (BIS) theory suggests that pathogen avoidance motives relate to greater behavioral avoidance against social interactions that pose potential risks of pathogen transmission. Based on the BIS theory, pathogen avoidance motives would decrease people’s helping behavior towards others. However, would pathogen avoidance motives decrease all types of helping behavior towards others during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (i.e., COVID-19) pandemic indiscriminately? In the present study, we conducted a within-subjects design to compare people’s helping intentions toward voluntary work with and without social contact. Specifically, participants (N = 1562) completed an online survey at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China measuring pathogen disgust sensitivity, state anxiety, and intentions to perform volunteer work with and without social contact. Results revealed that pathogen disgust sensitivity negatively predicted intentions to perform voluntary work with social contact yet had no influence on intentions to perform socially distanced voluntary work. Moreover, the effect of pathogen disgust sensitivity on socially distanced volunteering preference was mediated by the state anxiety people experienced during the pandemic. The findings have implications for understanding people’s helping behavior during the pandemic.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu X, Lin Z. COVID-19, Economic Impact, Mental Health, and Coping Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Directions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:759974. [PMID: 34899503 PMCID: PMC8660126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious economic and social consequences. Recent research shows that the pandemic has not only caused a physical health crisis but also caused many psychological and mental crises. Based on the contemporary cognitive-behavioral models, this article offers a conceptual analysis of how the pandemic affects individual mental health and coping behaviors from the perspective of individual economic status, individual context, and social context. The analysis shows that (1) the pandemic has led to increased economic uncertainty, increased unemployment and underemployment pressure, increased income uncertainty, and different degrees of employment pressure and economic difficulties; (2) these difficulties have stimulated different levels of mental health problems, ranging from perceived insecurity (environmental, food safety, etc.), worry, fear, to stress, anxiety, depression, etc., and the mental health deterioration varies across different groups, with the symptoms of psychological distress are more obvious among disadvantageous groups; and (3) mental health problems have caused behavior changes, and various stress behaviors such as protective behaviors and resistive behaviors. Future research directions are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Durham University Business School, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maqueda Gonzalez R, Cerdán Santacruz C, García Septiem J, Blanco Terés L, Lopesino González JM, Fernández Jiménez G, Martín-Pérez E. Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: Comparative cross-sectional cohort study. Cir Esp 2021; 99:660-665. [PMID: 34749925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proctologic issues entail a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department (ED). We aim to analyze how the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has impacted in the demand for proctological consultations. MATERIAL AND METHOD Descriptive comparative retrospective study of cross-sectional cohorts of patients attending the ED for proctological complaints from March to April in 2020 and 2019. Demographic variables, comorbidities, reasons for consultation and diagnosis, treatment and readmission were included. Four periods were analyzed according to the different stages of the pandemic derived limitations. RESULTS A total of 191 patients were reviewed, 58 in 2020 and 133 in 2019 with an average age of 48 years (SD 20.1) and 112 (58.6%) males. The average number of daily consultations was 2.18 patients in 2019 versus 0.95 in 2020 (p=0.025) meaning a 56% reduction in consultations for proctological reasons. This difference in average consultations was significant in both periods of lockout (p=0.001) and previous de-escalation (p=0.014). The diagnosis distribution was similar between both periods; however, perianal abscesses doubled their rate in 2020, 22.4% versus 11.3% (p=0.045). There was an increasing need for surgery, 31% vs 15% (p=0.011) with no difference in outpatients regimen after emergency surgery (12.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.201). Three patients in 2020 required readmission to the ED (5.2% vs 12.9%, p=0.086). CONCLUSION There was a decrease of a 56% in proctologic emergency consultation, however, the need for surgery was twice more frequent during the study period. Reflection on the use of emergencies for proctological reasons is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Maqueda Gonzalez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Cerdán Santacruz
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García Septiem
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Blanco Terés
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Fernández Jiménez
- Unidad de Información Clínico-Asistencial, Servicio de Admisión y Documentación Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Pérez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gargiulo AT, Peterson LM, Grafe LA. Stress, coping, resilience, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: A representative survey study of US adults. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2384. [PMID: 34661981 PMCID: PMC8613418 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency resulting in widespread death and substantial disruption to daily life. Previous research has shown that novel disease outbreaks are associated with high stress levels and sleep impairments that lead to neuropsychiatric consequences. Therefore, it is vital to study both stress and protective factors such as coping and resilience that may hinder or help sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, as gender disparities exist in sleep quality, it is important to understand the relationship between pandemic-related stress, coping strategies, resilience, and sleep in bothgenders during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Our study examined how gender, stress, coping, and resilience were associated with sleep cross-sectionally during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative sample of US adults (N = 393). RESULTS Consistent with many recent studies, we found that worsened sleep quality in women compared to men persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, pandemic-related stress was not significantly associated with sleep quality, but pandemicrelated coping was associated with sleep independent of robust controls and trait resilience. CONCLUSIONS Greater primary control engagement coping was associated with better sleep quality, while involuntary engagement coping was associated with poor sleep quality. Future research should extend the findings with actigraphy and explore ways to enhance beneficial coping and sleep health during pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Gargiulo
- Department of PsychologyBryn Mawr College Bryn MawrBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laurel M. Peterson
- Department of PsychologyBryn Mawr College Bryn MawrBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laura A. Grafe
- Department of PsychologyBryn Mawr College Bryn MawrBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saulnier KG, Koscinski B, Volarov M, Accorso C, Austin MJ, Suhr JA, Allan D, Allan N. Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty are unique and interactive risk factors for COVID-19 safety behaviors and worries. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 51:217-228. [PMID: 34698606 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1976819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) predict distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about how AS and IU jointly predict COVID-19 worries and behaviors. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and interactive effects of AS and IU as related to COVID-19 worries and behaviors in two samples of community adults recruited in April 2020 (N = 642; M age = 38.50 years, SD = 10.00) and May 2020 (N = 435; M age = 34.92 years, SD = 14.98). In sample 1, there was a significant AS by IU interaction predicting COVID-19-related catastrophizing worries, stockpiling, and cleaning behaviors such that the relationship of AS to COVID-19-related behaviors was stronger at high levels of IU. However, although AS predicted some COVID-19 related worries and behaviors, AS and IU did not interact in sample 2. Across samples, AS was directly related to financial and health worries, whereas IU was not a significant predictor after controlling for AS. These findings suggest AS consistently impacts COVID-19 worries and behaviors, particularly among individuals with high IU. Brief interventions targeting AS and IU may help people cope during the COVID-19 pandemic and reintegrate following the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Volarov
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Megan J Austin
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie A Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darcey Allan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Allan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on university students' anxiety disorder in Italy. GENUS 2021; 77:25. [PMID: 34658399 PMCID: PMC8502092 DOI: 10.1186/s41118-021-00135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of specific population sections, with regards to economic and work conditions, mental and physical well-being, and context-based factors, emphasizing the need for timely policy measures aimed at counteracting the Italian economic framework’s fragility—which poorly adapts to unexpected circumstances. Identifying the most vulnerable groups is, therefore, essential with a view to carrying out targeted measures. Concerning University, the economic downturn caused by COVID-19 could likely result in a decrease in enrollments to both the first and further years of study, with significant consequences on the future of students and the system as a whole. The class of students is of great interest, as it is made up of individuals differing from each other in many ways. Our investigation is aimed at observing anxiety levels filtering the perception of one’s anxiety state in a highly stressful time such as the pandemic from the usual anxiety levels. This evaluation allows us to evaluate the similarity of individual behaviors during the lockdown period with those from the previous period.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gul P, Keesmekers N, Elmas P, Köse FE, Koskun T, Wisman A, Kupfer TR. Disease Avoidance Motives Trade-Off Against Social Motives, Especially Mate-Seeking, to Predict Social Distancing: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211046462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A range of studies have sought to understand why people’s compliance with social distancing varied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent theory suggests that pathogen avoidance behavior is based not only on perceived risk but on a trade-off between the perceived costs of pathogen exposure and the perceived benefits of social contact. We hypothesized that compliance with social distancing may therefore be explained by a trade-off between pathogen avoidance and various social motives such as mate-seeking. Two studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that social distancing was positively associated with disease avoidance motives but negatively associated with social motives, especially mating motives. These associations remained after controlling for predictors identified by previous research, including risk perception and personality. Findings indicate that people who are more interested in seeking new romantic partners (e.g., young men) may be less inclined to socially distance and be more at risk of pathogen transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Gul
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nils Keesmekers
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Pinar Elmas
- Department of Psychology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ebru Köse
- Department of Psychology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Tolga Koskun
- Department of Psychology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Arnaud Wisman
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R. Kupfer
- Department of Experimental and Applied Social Psychology, VU Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ojalehto HJ, Abramowitz JS, Hellberg SN, Butcher MW, Buchholz JL. Predicting COVID-19-related anxiety: The role of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions, anxiety sensitivity, and body vigilance. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 83:102460. [PMID: 34352520 PMCID: PMC8318675 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in December of 2019 and declared a global pandemic in March of 2020, continues to pose a serious threat to public health and safety worldwide. Many individuals report anxiety in response to this threat, and at high levels, such anxiety can result in adverse mental health outcomes and maladaptive behavioral responses that have consequences for the health of communities more broadly. Predictors of excessive anxiety in response to COVID-19 are understudied. Accordingly, the present study examined psychological factors that predict more intense COVID-19-related anxiety. 438 community members completed measures assessing COVID-19-related anxiety as well as psychological variables hypothesized to predict anxious responding to the threat of COVID-19. As expected, obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to contamination, the fear of arousal-related body sensations (i.e., anxiety sensitivity), and body vigilance each predicted more severe anxiety related to the pandemic. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to responsibility for causing harm also emerged as a predictor. Study limitations and implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan S. Abramowitz
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3270 (Davie Hall), Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Allan NP, Volarov M, Koscinski B, Pizzonia KL, Potter K, Accorso C, Saulnier KG, Ashrafioun L, Stecker T, Suhr J, Allan DM. Lonely, anxious, and uncertain: Critical risk factors for suicidal desire during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114144. [PMID: 34364010 PMCID: PMC8442981 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Public health measures enacted early in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented physical isolation. Social isolation, or the objective experience of being alone, and loneliness, the subjective feeling of being lonely, are both implicated in suicidal ideation. Anxiety sensitivity (i.e., fear of somatic anxiety) and intolerance of uncertainty (distress due to uncertainty), may also be heightened in response to the pandemic increasing risk for suicidal ideation in response to social isolation and loneliness. The direct and interactive relations loneliness, anxiety sensitivity, and intolerance of uncertainty shared with suicidal ideation were examined using structural equation modeling across two samples. Sample 1 comprised 635 people (M age = 38.52, SD = 10.00; 49.0% female) recruited using Mechanical Turk in May 2020. Sample 2 comprised 435 people (M age = 34.92, SD = 14.98; 76.2% female) recruited from faculty, staff, and students at a midwestern university in June 2020. Loneliness and anxiety sensitivity were positively, uniquely associated with suicidal ideation across samples. Results of this study were cross-sectional and included only self-report measures. These findings highlight loneliness and anxiety sensitivity as important correlates of suicidal ideation. Modular treatments should be employed to target these mechanisms to reduce COVID-19-related suicidal ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Allan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States; VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Health Care System, United States.
| | - Marija Volarov
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Brandon Koscinski
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Kendra L Pizzonia
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Kaley Potter
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Catherine Accorso
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Kevin G Saulnier
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Lisham Ashrafioun
- VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Health Care System, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Tracy Stecker
- VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Health Care System, United States; College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Julie Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Darcey M Allan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pan W, Wang RJ, Dai WQ, Huang G, Hu C, Pan WL, Liao SJ. China Public Psychology Analysis About COVID-19 Under Considering Sina Weibo Data. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713597. [PMID: 34566790 PMCID: PMC8456024 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 not only poses a huge threat to public health, but also affects people’s mental health. Take scientific and effective psychological crisis intervention to prevent large-scale negative emotional contagion is an important task for epidemic prevention and control. This paper established a sentiment classification model to make sentiment annotation (positive and negative) about the 105,536 epidemic comments in 86 days on the official Weibo of People’s Daily, the test results showed that the accuracy of the model reached 88%, and the AUC value was greater than 0.9. Based on the marked data set, we explored the potential law between the changes in Internet public opinion and epidemic situation in China. First of all, we found that most of the Weibo users showed positive emotions, and the negative emotions were mainly caused by the fear and concern about the epidemic itself and the doubts about the work of the government. Secondly, there is a strong correlation between the changes of epidemic situation and people’s emotion. Also, we divided the epidemic into three period. The proportion of people’s negative emotions showed a similar trend with the number of newly confirmed cases in the growth and decay period, and the extinction period. In addition, we also found that women have more positive emotional performance than men, and the high-impact groups is also more positive than the low-impact groups. We hope that these conclusions can help China and other countries experiencing severe epidemics to guide publics respond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Jie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Qiang Dai
- School of Economic and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Huang
- School of Economic and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- School of Economic and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu-Lin Pan
- School of Economic and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Jie Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmidt NB, Morabito DM, Mathes BM, Martin A. Anxiety sensitivity prospectively predicts pandemic-related distress. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:660-666. [PMID: 34153837 PMCID: PMC8777063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a well-studied transdiagnostic risk construct that is believed to amplify responses to many forms of stress. The COVID-19 pandemic is a broad stressor with significant physical and social threats. In the current study, we were interested in ascertaining the degree to which AS would relate to distress and disability in the context of COVID-19. We hypothesized that AS would be associated with increased distress and disability. Moreover, we hypothesized that AS would be uniquely predictive while controlling for other relevant risk factors such as age, race, and perceived local COVID-19 infection rates. METHOD Participants (N = 249) were U.S. adults assessed using online data resourcing and re-assessed one month later. RESULTS At the first time point, during the beginning phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, AS was significantly related to COVID-19 distress and disability with a moderate effect size. AS was longitudinally associated with higher COVID-19 worry and depression. LIMITATIONS Our findings are limited by the use of a relatively small online sample. Additionally, assessment of pre-pandemic and post-pandemic symptoms and functioning would be beneficial for future research. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the current study provided evidence consistent with AS as a causal risk factor for the development of distress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman B. Schmidt
- Florida State University 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States,Corresponding author
| | - Danielle M. Morabito
- Florida State University 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| | - Brittany M. Mathes
- Florida State University 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States,VA Boston Healthcare System 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, United States
| | - Alex Martin
- Florida State University 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ding Y, Yang J, Ji T, Guo Y. Women Suffered More Emotional and Life Distress than Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pathogen Disgust Sensitivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8539. [PMID: 34444288 PMCID: PMC8394728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 has brought upon unprecedented challenges to nearly all people around the globe. Yet, people may differ in their risks of social, economic, and health well-being. In this research, we take a gender-difference approach to examine whether and why women suffered greater emotional and life distress than men at the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Using a large nationwide Chinese sample, we found that compared to men, women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear, as well as greater life disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, that women suffered more was partly explained by their higher level of pathogen disgust sensitivity. Our findings highlight the important consequences of gender differences in response to the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that policymakers pay more attention to gender inequalities regarding COVID-19 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tingting Ji
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 201097, China; (Y.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.G.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
John-Henderson NA, Oosterhoff B, Hall B, Johnson L, Lafromboise ME, Malatare M, Salois E, Carter JR. Covid-19 and changes in sleep health in the Blackfeet Community. Sleep Med 2021; 85:87-93. [PMID: 34284315 PMCID: PMC8429142 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined changes in psychological outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic (ie psychological stress, perceived control, and perceived ability to cope) and changes in sleep health in the American Indian Blackfeet community over 4 months (August 24, 2020-November 30, 2020). American Indian adults residing on the Blackfeet reservation (n = 167) completed measures of perceived control over contracting COVID-19, perceived ability to cope with pandemic stressors, psychological stress linked to the pandemic, and a measure of sleep health each month. Linear-effects mixed models were used to examine changes in our outcomes. Community members who reported more control over contracting the virus had better sleep health relative to those who reported less control (B = 0.72, SE = 0.29, p = 0.015). Further, during months when individuals felt they had more control over contracting the virus compared to their average perceived control levels, they had better sleep health relative to their own average (B = 1.06, SE = 0.13, p < 0.001). Average sleep health was the lowest in October, 2020, the month during which COVID-19 incidence was at its highest on the reservation. Declines in sleep health linked to low levels of control over contracting COVID-19 may exacerbate high incidence of chronic mental and physical health conditions in tribal communities. Interventions which highlight strategies known to reduce risk of contracting the virus, may increase perceived control and sleep health, and thus may improve downstream health outcomes for this at-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Oosterhoff
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Brad Hall
- Community Members with No Affiliation, Browning, MT, United States
| | - Lester Johnson
- Community Members with No Affiliation, Browning, MT, United States
| | | | | | - Emily Salois
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Jason R Carter
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, MT, United States; Montana State University, Department of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khoury JMB, Watt MC, MacLean K. Anxiety Sensitivity Mediates Relations Between Mental Distress Symptoms and Medical Care Utilization During COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Cogn Ther 2021; 14:515-536. [PMID: 34178209 PMCID: PMC8216097 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-021-00113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and uncertainty are common during pandemics. The present study extended previous pandemic research by investigating the role of two transdiagnostic risk factors — anxiety sensitivity (AS: fear of physiological anxiety or “fear of fear”; Reiss & McNally, 1985) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU; Buhr & Dugas, 2009) — in explaining relations between mental distress symptoms and behavioural responding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Student and community-based participants (N=457; 87.6% female) were recruited between May and July 2020 to complete measures of anxiety (health, panic, general), depression, and stress. Anxiety and related symptoms were found to be higher than in previous studies. Parallel mediation analyses showed that clinically meaningful levels of mental distress symptoms directly influenced safety behaviours and medical care utilization but also indirectly influenced the latter (vs. former) through AS-physical concerns (vs. IU). CBT interventions, targeting AS-physical concerns, may reduce mental distress symptoms during pandemic and prevent overuse of healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M B Khoury
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Margo C Watt
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia Canada.,Departments of Psychology/Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Kim MacLean
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
An X, Duan L, Zhang YH, Jin D, Zhao S, Zhou RR, Duan Y, Lian F, Tong X. The three syndromes and six Chinese patent medicine study during the recovery phase of COVID-19. Chin Med 2021; 16:44. [PMID: 34099015 PMCID: PMC8182732 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), first broke out in Wuhan, China, in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 develops many types of mutations (such as B.1.1.7), making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Although we now have a preliminary understanding of COVID-19, including pathological changes, clinical manifestations, and treatment measures, we also face new difficulties. The biggest problem is that most COVID-19 patients might face sequelae (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, pulmonary fibrosis) during the recovery phase. We aimed to test six Chinese patent medicines to treat three major abnormal symptoms in COVID-19 patients during the recovery phase, including cardiopulmonary function, sleep disturbance, and digestive function. We launched the "three syndromes and six Chinese patent medicines" randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial on April 10, 2020. The results showed that Jinshuibao tablets and Shengmaiyin oral liquid significantly improved the cardiopulmonary function of recovering COVID-19 patients. Shumian capsules, but not Xiaoyao capsules, significantly improved patients' sleep disorders. This might be because the indication of Xiaoyao capsules is liver qi stagnation rather than psychological or emotional problems. Xiangsha Liujun pills and Ludangshen oral liquid significantly improved digestive function. Our research provides a guideline for treating COVID-19 sequelae in patients during the recovery period based on high-quality evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yue Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shenghui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong Rong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has an important direct and indirect impact on both physical and mental health. We aim to describe the impact of an emergency state period due to COVID-19 on psychiatric emergency department (ED) visits. We conducted a retrospective observational study analysing all emergency visits occurring at a metropolitan psychiatric ED between March 19th and May 2nd 2019 and 2020 (the beginning/end date of the emergency state which Portugal was under due to COVID-19). Data regarding age, sex, diagnoses, admission date, discharge destiny and status were collected. Diagnoses were classified using the International Classification of Diseases version 9, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). There was a 52·2% decrease on the number of psychiatric emergency visits during the emergency state period (n2020 = 780 vs n2019 = 1633 episodes). The decrease on psychiatric ED visits was greater in the female sex and in the younger age groups. Episodes with a primary diagnosis of Mood disorders lead the decrease on psychiatric ED visits with 68·3% less episodes. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders was the diagnosis group with the smaller decline (9·8% decrease). COVID-19 emergency state period had an important impact on the number and characteristics of psychiatric ED visits, reinforcing the great indirect effects of COVID-19 on mental health.
Collapse
|
46
|
Natuhoyila Nkodila A, N'Lombi Mbendi C, Kabangi Tukadila HA, Lelo Managa G, Ngwala Lukanu P, Mbenza Longo B. Psychological Consequence of the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2163-2170. [PMID: 34079403 PMCID: PMC8163964 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is impacting the mental health of the population, but data on its impact in developing countries are lacking. The purpose of this study is to assess the psychological aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population of Kinshasa. METHODS This cross-sectional and analytical study included 456 randomly selected respondents in the Ngafani district of the municipality of Selembao during the period from August 1 to October 30, 2020. Socio-demographic data, and data concerning COVID-19 and its impact on mental health, were studied. Anxiety and depression were studied using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS The two genders were represented in equal proportions; the patients had a mean age of 40.4±17.2 years with a high frequency of patients aged over 50 years. All had agreed to observe social distancing, but only 36.8% had accepted isolation. Using the HADS, 47.4% had a doubtful anxiety state and 23.7% had a definite anxiety state; 36.8% had a doubtful depressive state and 25% had a definite depressive state. Old age (≥50 years), female gender, lack of occupation, and isolation were independent determinants associated with anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION The frequency of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. Older age, female gender, lack of a profession, and isolation were associated with anxiety and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila
- Faculty of Public Health, LOMO University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Family Medicine, Protestant University in Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles N'Lombi Mbendi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Gilbert Lelo Managa
- Neuropsychopathological Center, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Philippe Ngwala Lukanu
- Faculty of Family Medicine, Protestant University in Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Benjamin Mbenza Longo
- Faculty of Public Health, LOMO University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Muñoz-Navarro R, Malonda E, Llorca-Mestre A, Cano-Vindel A, Fernández-Berrocal P. Worry about COVID-19 contagion and general anxiety: Moderation and mediation effects of cognitive emotion regulation. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:311-318. [PMID: 33744510 PMCID: PMC8548031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occasioned that most of the population in Spain was confined to home to reduce the risk of contagion. This affected mental health, increasing anxiety and worry about COVID-19 contagion. The aim of this study was assessing the moderation and mediation effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) on general anxiety and whether the mediation effect was moderated by gender and/or age. A total of 1753 Spanish adults (78,6% female; M = 40.4 years, SD = 12.9) participated in an online survey that was available from March 26 to April 25 (2020) during the time period in which the population in Spain was confined. Participants completed measures of worry about COVID-19 contagion, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short (CERQ-Short) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Several models were tested through structural equation modelling. Moderation analyses reported that maladaptive strategies moderated positively anxiety, whereas adaptive strategies moderated negatively anxiety. Also, the best fitted mediation model found that worry about COVID-19 contagion and general anxiety was mediated by CERS in different directions. Maladaptive CERS increased anxiety, whereas adaptive CERS reduced anxiety. Age (not gender) also moderated this mediation, were younger adults presented an indirect effect only through maladaptive CERS, but older adults through both adaptive and maladaptive. Limitations are related to the study design which was a convenience sample. CERS moderated and mediated between worry about COVID-19 contagion and general anxiety. Prevention programs for mental health problems during the pandemic must be provided, especially for younger adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Muñoz-Navarro
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/ Cdad. Escolar, S/N, 44003, Teruel, Spain.
| | - Elisabeth Malonda
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibañez, 10, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anna Llorca-Mestre
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibañez, 10, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cano-Vindel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, s/n, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Berrocal
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Outbreaks and Outgroups: Three Tests of the Relationship Between Disease Avoidance Motives and Xenophobia During an Emerging Pandemic. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:419-429. [PMID: 33903849 PMCID: PMC8060690 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Given the persistent threat posed by infectious disease throughout human history, people have a sophisticated suite of cognitive and behavioral strategies designed to mitigate exposure to disease vectors. Previous research suggests that one such strategy is avoidance of unfamiliar outgroup members. We thus examined the relationship between dispositional worry about disease and support for COVID-19-related travel bans across three preregistered studies (N = 764) conducted at the outset of the pandemic in the United States and Singapore. Americans higher in Perceived Infectability were more supportive of travel bans, whereas Singaporeans higher in Germ Aversion were more supportive of travel bans. In Study 2, priming saliency of the pandemic increased support for travel bans from high (but not low) pandemic-risk countries. This prime did not increase general xenophobia. These results are consistent with threat-specific perspectives of outgroup avoidance, and provide an ecologically-valid test of the implications of perceived disease threat for policy-related attitudes and decision-making.
Collapse
|
49
|
Feng S, Kirkley A. Integrating online and offline data for crisis management: Online geolocalized emotion, policy response, and local mobility during the COVID crisis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8514. [PMID: 33875749 PMCID: PMC8055662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating online and offline data is critical for uncovering the interdependence between policy and public emotional and behavioral responses in order to aid the development of effective spatially targeted interventions during crises. As the COVID-19 pandemic began to sweep across the US it elicited a wide spectrum of responses, both online and offline, across the population. Here, we analyze around 13 million geotagged tweets in 49 cities across the US from the first few months of the pandemic to assess regional dependence in online sentiments with respect to a few major COVID-19 related topics, and how these sentiments correlate with policy development and human mobility. In this study, we observe universal trends in overall and topic-based sentiments across cities over the time period studied. We also find that this online geolocalized emotion is significantly impacted by key COVID-19 policy events. However, there is significant variation in the emotional responses to these policies across the cities studied. Online emotional responses are also found to be a good indicator for predicting offline local mobility, while the correlations between these emotional responses and local cases and deaths are relatively weak. Our findings point to a feedback loop between policy development, public emotional responses, and local mobility, as well as provide new insights for integrating online and offline data for crisis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Feng
- Unit of Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alec Kirkley
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Samimi Ardestani SM, Khosravani V, Sharifi Bastan F, Baloğlu M. The Persian Version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (Persian-C19P-S) and the Differences in COVID-19-Related Phobic Reactions in Patients with Anxiety Disorders. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:2419-2435. [PMID: 33841053 PMCID: PMC8025735 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic outbreak increasing several psychological distress, such as anxiety and phobia, and may affect patients with anxiety disorders. A scale has been recently designed to assess COVID-19-related phobic reactions named the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). The present study aimed to evaluate factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Persian version of the C19P-S (Persian-C19P-S) in patients with anxiety disorders and to compare COVID-19-related phobia among these patients. Three hundred patients with anxiety disorders completed the Persian-C19P-S and other scales assessing anxiety traits (e.g., the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), the Health Concerns Questionnaire-54 (HCQ-54), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4)) and COVID-19-related distress (e.g., the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19)). The results showed that the Persian-C19P-S replicated the four-factor structure of the original C19P-S. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients evidenced the reliability of the scale. The validity of the scale (convergent and discriminant validity) was confirmed. Patients who had generalized anxiety and panic disorders showed higher phobic reactions related to COVID-19 than those with social anxiety disorder and specific phobia. This study indicates that the Persian version of the C19P-S is a valid scale to be used in Iranian patients with anxiety disorders to evaluate COVID-19-related phobia. Moreover, COVID-19-related phobic reactions are higher in some specific types of anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|