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Li S, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Liu Z, Yin Z, Liu J. Development and validation of competing risk nomograms for predicting cancer‑specific mortality in non-metastatic patients with non‑muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17641. [PMID: 39085366 PMCID: PMC11291689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the cumulative incidences of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in non-metastatic patients with non‑muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer (NMIUBC) and establish competing risk nomograms to predict CSM. Patient data was sourced from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, as well as the electronic medical record system in our institution to form the external validation cohort. Sub-distribution proportional hazards model was utilized to determine independent risk factors influencing CSM in non-metastatic NMIUBC patients. Competitive risk nomograms were constructed to predict 3-year, 5-year, and 8-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) in all patients group, TURBT group and cystectomy group, respectively. The discrimination and accuracy of the model were validated through the concordance index (C-index), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration curves. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and a risk stratification system was employed to evaluate the clinical utility of the model. Race, age, marital status, surgery in other sites, tumor size, histological type, histological grade, T stage and N stage were identified as independent risk factors to predict CSS in all patients group. The C-index for 3-year CSS was 0.771, 0.770 and 0.846 in the training, testing and external validation sets, respectively. The ROC curves showed well discrimination and the calibration plots were well fitted and consistent. Moreover, DCA demonstrated well clinical effectiveness. Altogether, the competing risk nomogram displayed excellent discrimination and accuracy for predicting CSS in non-metastatic NMIUBC patients, which can be applied in clinical practice to help tailor treatment plans and make clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, No.136, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, No.136, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, No.136, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhikang Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, No.136, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Vlajnic T, Bubendorf L. [New edition of the Paris classification 2022: What is new?]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024:10.1007/s00292-024-01340-7. [PMID: 38958736 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-024-01340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
As an internationally accepted diagnostic system, the Paris classification has achieved a global breakthrough in the standardization of diagnoses in urine cytology. Based on experience over the past few years since its first publication, the new edition of the Paris classification refines the diagnostic criteria and discusses diagnostic pitfalls. While the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma remains the main focus, other aspects of urine cytology, including cytology of the upper urinary tract and the associated challenges, have also been addressed. Low-grade urothelial neoplasia is no longer listed as a separate category but is now included in the category "negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma" (NGHUC). Essentially, the Paris classification provides an important basis for estimating the risk of malignancy and further clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vlajnic
- Pathologie, Institut für medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz.
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Pathologie, Institut für medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz
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Jain S, Rana M. From the discovery of helminths to the discovery of their carcinogenic potential. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:47. [PMID: 38095695 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer involves a major aberration in the normal behaviour of cells, making them divide continuously, which interferes with the normal physiology of the body. The link between helminths and their cancer-inducing potential has been proposed in the last century. The exact pathway is still not clear but chronic inflammation in response to the deposited eggs, immune response against soluble egg antigens, and co-infection with a third party (a bacteria, a virus, or infection leading to a change in microbiome) seems to be the reasons for cancer induction. This review looks into the historical outlook on helminths along with their epidemiology, morphology, and life cycle. It then focuses on providing correlations between helminth infection and molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis by elaborating upon epidemiological, clinical, and surgical studies. While the cancer-inducing potential has been convincingly established only for a few helminths and studies point out towards possible cancer-inducing ability of the rest of the helminths elucidated in this work, however, more insights into the immunobiology of helminths as well as infected patients are required to conclusively comment upon this ability of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, Pragati Vihaar, New Delhi, India
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Liu XF, Ju S, Wang KY, Li Y, Qiang JW. The prevalence rate, mortality, and 5-year overall survival of Schistosoma japonicum patients with human malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1288197. [PMID: 38125940 PMCID: PMC10731309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1288197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Only a few studies have focused on the association between Schistosoma japonicum and human malignancy. The aim of this study was to update the prevalence rate, mortality, and 5-year overall survival of S. japonicum patients with human malignancy. Methods From January 20, 2018, to January 31, 2021, 5,866 inpatients were included in the study. A total of 656 S. japonicum patients with malignancy were identified. Cases were stratified by gender and age groups. The cancer sites, prevalence rate, mortality, and 5-year overall survival of the patients were reported. The S. japonicum patients with malignancy were further divided into a non-digestive system tumor group (n = 309) and a digestive system tumor group (n = 347), including those with cancer in the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, or pancreas. Chi-squared test and odds ratio with confidence intervals were performed between these two groups. Results Lung cancer was found the most common malignancy, accounting for 18.6% of all malignancies, followed by colorectal, stomach, liver, and gallbladder cancers. These five leading malignancies accounted for approximately 61.8% of all cases. Colorectal cancer was the leading cause of malignancy death, followed by lung, stomach, gallbladder, and liver cancers. These five leading causes of death accounted for approximately 55.6% of all death cases. Statistical significance was found in the prevalence rate between S. japonicum and non-S. japonicum patients with/without digestive system tumor (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of S. japonicum patients with digestive system tumors was 1.6 (95%CI: 1.4-1.9). Conclusion S. japonicum contributes to a significant prevalence and mortality in digestive system tumors, including colorectal, stomach, liver, and gallbladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Ju
- Departments of Interventional Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Wei Qiang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jain S, Rana M, Choubey P, Kumar S. Schistosoma japonicum Associated Colorectal Cancer and Its Management. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:723-734. [PMID: 37594685 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between Schistosoma japonicum and colorectal cancer in humans has been known since a long time; however, this association remains understudied and lacks comprehensive experimentation support. OBJECTIVE Various epidemiological and pathological studies have established the role of chronic inflammation as a major factor behind the induction of colorectal cancer. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on the association of Schistosoma japonicum with colorectal cancer. RESULT Mechanisms which lead to induction and progression of colorectal cancer are highlighted along with diagnosis and treatment for the same. Further, various methodologies, including mass drug administration, use of new drugs and vaccines, role of apoptosis, and histone-modifying enzymes, have been described which can either prevent the schistosomal infection itself or can check it from reaching an advanced stage. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological, clinical, pathological and surgical studies suggest that Schistosoma japonicum is responsible for induction of colorectal cancer. However, thorough clinical studies are required to support and globally accept this notion. Further, methodologies highlighted in this work can be employed in order to take care of schistosomal infection or address the cancer induction and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, Pragati Vihaar, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Pooja Choubey
- Department of Zoology, Gate No. 3, Chaatra Marg, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Rohini, Sector-15, Delhi, 110089, India
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Marume A, Vengesai A, Mann J, Mduluza T. Interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter region polymorphisms and susceptibility to urogenital schistosomiasis in young Zimbabwean children living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic regions. S Afr J Infect Dis 2021; 35:11. [PMID: 34485462 PMCID: PMC8378000 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host genetic factors can influence susceptibility, morbidity and mortality from schistosomiasis. The study explored the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) promoter regions and susceptibility to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Methods Urine specimens were collected from 361 primary school children aged 5–15 years from schistosomiasis endemic areas of Manicaland and Mashonaland central provinces. Schistosoma haematobium was diagnosed using the urine filtration method. Only 272 participants provided adequate blood for genotyping. Genotyping was performed using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. The association between IL-10 and TNF-α SNPs and S. haematobium infection was analysed using the chi-square test. Results Schistosoma haematobium infection was confirmed in 26.8% of the participants. No significant difference in S. haematobium prevalence between men (51.6% of those infected) and women (48.4%) (χ2 = 0.008, df = 1, p = 0.928) was observed. The total IL-10 -1082 G, IL-10 -819 C and TNF-α -308G allele distribution between S. haematobium infected and uninfected participants was 50.7% and 51.5% (χ2 = 0.025, df = 1, p = 0.87), 54.3% and 60.6% (χ2 = 1.187, df = 1, p = 0.187) and 82.1% and 80.9% (χ2 = 0.099, df = 1, p = 0.753), respectively, and the differences were not significant. Conclusion Interleukin-10 -1082 G/A, IL-10 -819 C/T and TNF-α -308 G/A SNPs were not significantly associated with susceptibility to S. haematobium infection. The prevalence of schistosomiasis is still in the moderate range and is similar in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Marume
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Paraclinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Arthur Vengesai
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jaclyn Mann
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Xie S, Shalaby-Rana E, Hester A, Honeycutt J, Fu CL, Boyett D, Jiang W, Hsieh MH. Macroscopic and microscopic imaging modalities for diagnosis and monitoring of urogenital schistosomiasis. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2021; 112:51-76. [PMID: 34024359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis remains a major global challenge. Optimal management of this infection depends upon imaging-based assessment of sequelae. Although established imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), narrow band imaging, and computerized tomography (CT) have been used to determine tissue involvement by urogenital schistosomiasis, newer refinements in associated technologies may lead to improvements in patient care. Moreover, application of investigational imaging methods such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and two-photon microscopy in animal models of urogenital schistosomiasis are likely to contribute to our understanding of this infection's pathogenesis. This review discusses prior use of imaging in patients with urogenital schistosomiasis and experimentally infected animals, the advantages and limitations of these modalities, the latest radiologic developments relevant to this infection, and a proposed future diagnostic standard of care for management of afflicted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Xie
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eglal Shalaby-Rana
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Austin Hester
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jared Honeycutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Deborah Boyett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael H Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.
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Schaaf RM, Sharpton TJ, Murray KN, Kent AD, Kent ML. Retrospective analysis of the Zebrafish International Resource Center diagnostic data links Pseudocapillaria tomentosa to intestinal neoplasms in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1459-1462. [PMID: 32892418 PMCID: PMC7924165 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Russel M. Schaaf
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Katrina N. Murray
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, Oregon
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Is Schistosomiasis a Risk Factor for Bladder Cancer? Evidence-Based Facts. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:8270810. [PMID: 32565832 PMCID: PMC7285246 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8270810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background . Globally, approximately 20% of malignancy are caused by infection. Schistosoma infection is a major cause of bladder in most part of Africa. In 2018 alone, there were approximately 549,393 new cases and 199,922 deaths from bladder cancer. The presence of Schistosoma ova in the venous plexus of the bladder induces a cascade of inflammation causing significant tissue damage and granulomatous changes. Methodology. A literature review was conducted from 1995 to 2019 using PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and Google databases. Relevant data on the association of "Schistosomiasis and Bladder cancer" in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were retrieved. Evidence Synthesis. Results from research using animal models to establish the carcinogenesis of Schistosoma and bladder cancer have been helpful but inconclusive. Immunoregulatory cytokines and genetic marker have been identified to play a role in the pathogenesis. In some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, there has been close association of squamous cell carcinoma and histological evidence of Schistosoma ova. Conclusion. There are some data to support the association between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. However, these have been limited by their design and may not sufficiently establish carcinogenesis. There is a need for more genomic and molecular research to better characterize S. haematobium and its effects on the bladder. Such goal will contribute immensely to Schistosoma bladder cancer prevention and control.
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Amin HAA, Kobaisi MH, Samir RM. Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer in Egypt: Truths and Myths. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4023-4029. [PMID: 32165946 PMCID: PMC7061397 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gathered archeopathological evidence has confirmed that Schistosomiasis has been endemic in Ancient Egypt for over 500 decades. The association between Schistosoma hematobium and increase bladder cancer risk is also well acknowledged. However, over the years, there is a proved changing pattern of bladder cancer that needs to be investigated. AIM We aim to discuss the truths and myths about bladder cancer and its association with Schistosomiasis in Egypt. METHODS A cross-sectional, case-control study was performed to collect recent data on the topic. RESULTS Of the reported cancer cases, 79.3% were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), an additional 6% showed associated squamous features. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted only 13.8% of cancer cases. Schistosomiasis was histologically confirmed in 19 cancer cases, only one was SCC. The relative frequency of TCC is increasing, while SCC is decreasing. There is no evidence that this pattern is related to smoking or environmental factors, as the incidence of lung cancer, is not proportionately increasing. CONCLUSION The old concept that Schistosomiasis is associated with SCC should be revaluated as most cases are associated with TCC. Relying on the histopathology for confirmation of Schistosomiasis in our research studies appears to be non-accurate and leads to irrelevant results.
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Grau-Pujol B, Massangaie M, Cano J, Maroto C, Ndeve A, Saute F, Muñoz J. Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:103. [PMID: 31836025 PMCID: PMC6909500 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions. MAIN TEXT Mozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified. CONCLUSIONS This review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Grau-Pujol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
- Mundo Sano Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marilia Massangaie
- Direcção Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jorge Cano
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carmen Maroto
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Francisco Saute
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jose Muñoz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Esawy MM, Abdel-Samd KM. The diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum irisin in bladder cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100529. [PMID: 32139156 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt is among the countries with the highest incidence of bladder cancer (BC). Adipokines involved in BC development. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic and prognostic roles of irisin in BC through its function as an adipokine. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 150 subjects; 75 patients newly diagnosed as BC and 75 apparently healthy subjects. Serum irisin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum irisin levels exhibited significantly lower levels in BC patients compared to controls (1.07 [0.51-1.96] and 1.8 [0.5-2.44] µg/mL), respectively (P < 0.001). Serum irisin was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.386, P = 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum cholesterol (r = -0.58, P < 0.0001). Irisin had 74.7% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity at a cutoff point of ≤1.2 µg/mL. Serum irisin levels reduction can predict the BC stages, when adjusted for BMI and serum cholesterol level, serum irisin had an adjusted odds ratio of 14 (P = 0.001). Low serum irisin patients had a higher mortality rate when compared to those with high levels (38.2% vs 5%). CONCLUSION BC patients had significantly lower levels of serum irisin. Serum irisin showed acceptable performance criteria in BC diagnosis. It had a limited role in BC grading but showed a decreasing trend in different BC stages. Serum irisin seems to be an excellent diagnostic and prognostic marker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Esawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bhagwati Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Lakkis NA, Adib SM, Hamadeh GN, El-Jarrah RT, Osman MH. Bladder Cancer in Lebanon: Incidence and Comparison to Regional and Western Countries. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818789359. [PMID: 30027755 PMCID: PMC6055109 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818789359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lebanon has one of the highest estimated age-standardized incidence rate (ASR(w))
of bladder cancer (BC) worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the
incidence rates for BC in Lebanon over a period of 7 years and to compare them
to the rates in other countries. Data were obtained from the Lebanese National
Cancer Registry for the currently available years 2005 to 2011. The calculated
ASR(w) and age-specific rates were expressed as per 100 000 population. From
2005 to 2011, BC has been ranked as the third most common cancer in Lebanon. It
accounted for 9.0% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases excluding nonmelanoma
skin cancer. It ranked second in males and ninth in females. The average ASR(w)
over this period was 31.2 in men and 7.3 in women. These incidence rates are
among the highest worldwide across all age groups in both sexes. This study
shows that the incidence of BC in Lebanon is high and it is among the highest
worldwide. It is important to reduce the risk of BC through tobacco control and
by decreasing exposure to avoidable environmental and occupational risk
factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Lakkis
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salim M Adib
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan N Hamadeh
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana T El-Jarrah
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona H Osman
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
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15
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Knight B. The paris system: A valuable new approach, but there is more to find in urine than high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126:513-517. [PMID: 30156765 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Ishida K, Hsieh MH. Understanding Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Related Bladder Cancer: An Update. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:223. [PMID: 30159314 PMCID: PMC6104441 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma haematobium leads to urogenital schistosomiasis, which has been correlated with the occurrence of bladder cancer. However, mechanisms responsible for this association have not yet been clearly identified. In this short review, we provide an update, highlighting the most recent studies on schistosome-associated bladder cancer, including those that focus on identifying changes in host biology during S. haematobium infection, as well as studies for the identification of potentially pro-carcinogenic parasite molecules, and we offer a discussion on some possible mechanisms driving schistosomal bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishida
- Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Michael H. Hsieh
- Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
- Department of Urology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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17
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Mbanefo EC, Hsieh MH. Defining the Pathways of Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Associated Urothelial Carcinogenesis through Transgenic and Bladder Wall Egg Injection Models. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1655:67-76. [PMID: 28889378 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis (infection with Schistosoma haematobium) is a major cause of bladder carcinogenesis. However, the exact mechanisms of the sequelae leading up to the development of bladder cancer are poorly understood, mainly because of a dearth of tractable mouse models. We developed a mouse model of urogenital schistosomiasis through intramural injection of parasite eggs into the bladder wall to mimic the trapping of parasite eggs in the bladder. This approach recapitulates many of the sequelae observed in infected humans. Here, we describe procedures for utilizing this surgical technique in combination with well-established transgenic mouse strains to dissect the role of cancer-related genes in the initiation and establishment of bladder carcinogenesis. The described method utilizes CRE-mediated flox activity to render mice p53 haploinsufficient before challenging them with bladder wall egg injection. These techniques are potentially amenable to studying the role of other pro-carcinogenic and cancer suppressor gene(s) in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated urothelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaristus C Mbanefo
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Biomedical Research Institute, 9410 Key West Ave., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Michael H Hsieh
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA. .,Biomedical Research Institute, 9410 Key West Ave., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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18
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Scholte LLS, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Nahum LA. Helminths and Cancers From the Evolutionary Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 29713629 PMCID: PMC5911458 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths include free-living and parasitic Platyhelminthes and Nematoda which infect millions of people worldwide. Some Platyhelminthes species of blood flukes (Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni) and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini) are known to be involved in human cancers. Other helminths are likely to be carcinogenic. Our main goals are to summarize the current knowledge of human cancers caused by Platyhelminthes, point out some helminth and human biomarkers identified so far, and highlight the potential contributions of phylogenetics and molecular evolution to cancer research. Human cancers caused by helminth infection include cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and urinary bladder cancer. Chronic inflammation is proposed as a common pathway for cancer initiation and development. Furthermore, different bacteria present in gastric, colorectal, and urogenital microbiomes might be responsible for enlarging inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cancers. Studies have suggested that different biomarkers are involved in helminth infection and human cancer development; although, the detailed mechanisms remain under debate. Different helminth proteins have been studied by different approaches. However, their evolutionary relationships remain unsolved. Here, we illustrate the strengths of homology identification and function prediction of uncharacterized proteins from genome sequencing projects based on an evolutionary framework. Together, these approaches may help identifying new biomarkers for disease diagnostics and intervention measures. This work has potential applications in the field of phylomedicine (evolutionary medicine) and may contribute to parasite and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L. S. Scholte
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Pascoal-Xavier
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laila A. Nahum
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade Promove de Tecnologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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Hammam O, Aboushousha T, El-Hindawi A, Khairy H, Khalil H, Kamel A, Akl M, Abdel-Hady A, Magdy M, Badawy M, Kholy AE, Osili KA, Kamel N, Anis S, Leithy TE. Expression of FGFR3 Protein and Gene Amplification in Urinary Bladder Lesions in Relation to Schistosomiasis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:160-166. [PMID: 28507621 PMCID: PMC5420767 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer represents the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and death. Incidence and mortality rates have remained relatively constant over the past four decades. Urothelial bladder cancers have identified multiple risk factors. AIM: We aimed at evaluating the expression of the FGFR3 protein and gene amplification in the urothelial cells of neoplastic and non-neoplastic urothelial lesions of the urinary bladder, and correlation with tumour grade, stage and associated bilharziasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and five different urinary bladder lesions were studied, including 15 cystitis cases (9 bilharzial and 6 non-bilharzial cystitides), 75 urothelial carcinoma cases (18 bilharzial associated and 57 non-bilharzial associated) and 15 squamous cell carcinoma associated with bilharziasis, beside 5 control cases. Data concerning age, sex, tumour grade, stage, and associated bilharziasis were obtained. Each case was studied for FGFR3 expression, and FISH technique was applied on forty malignant cases that show high protein expression. RESULTS: The highest incidence of cystitis was in the fourth decade while of bladder cancer was in the seventh decade. Tumour grade was correlated significantly with tumour stage. FGFR3 correlates significantly with tumour grade, stage and with a bilharzial infestation. FGFR3 gene amplification was reported mainly in low grade and NNMBIC tumours. CONCLUSIONS: FGFR3 overexpression in malignant cases was significantly higher than in chronic cystitis. FGFR3 gene amplification was reported mainly in low grade and NNMBIC tumours. FGFR3 may be further studied as a subject for target therapy of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Hammam
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hosni Khairy
- Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Khalil
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Kamel
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Akl
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Magdy
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr El Kholy
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid Al Osili
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora Kamel
- National Research Center5, El Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shady Anis
- Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek El Leithy
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Poturalski MJ, Magi-Galluzzi C, Liu PS. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Complicating Schistosomiasis: AIRP Best Cases in Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2017; 37:500-504. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Poturalski
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (M.J.P., P.S.L.) and Pathology (C.M.G.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (M.J.P., P.S.L.) and Pathology (C.M.G.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Peter S. Liu
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (M.J.P., P.S.L.) and Pathology (C.M.G.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195
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21
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Abstract
The concept of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) emerged more than a decade ago and has been recognised as a valid way to categorise diseases that affect the poorest individuals. Substantial progress in control and elimination has been achieved and policy momentum has been generated through continued bilateral, philanthropic, and non-governmental development organisation (NGDO) support, and donations of drugs from pharmaceutical companies. WHO has defined a Roadmap to reach 2020 targets, which was endorsed by member states in a World Health Assembly Resolution in 2013. NTDs have been included within the Sustainable Development Goal targets and are a crucial component of universal health coverage, conceptualised as "leaving no one behind". WHO reported that more than 1 billion people in 88 countries have benefited from preventive chemotherapy in 2014. The research agenda has defined the need for affordable products (diagnostics, drugs and insecticides). However challenges such as insecurity and weak health systems continue to prevail in the poorest countries, inhibiting progress in scaling up and also in achieving Roadmap goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Molyneux
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Savioli
- Global Schistosomiasis Alliance, Chavannes de Bogis, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Engels
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Hussein WM, Anwar WA, Attaleb M, Mazini L, Försti A, Trimbitas RD, Khyatti M. A review of the infection-associated cancers in North African countries. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:35. [PMID: 27512409 PMCID: PMC4979152 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is typically classified as a leading non-communicable disease; however, infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of various cancers. Less developed countries, including countries of the North African (NA) region, endure the highest burden of infection-related cancers. The five most common infection-associated cancers in NA in order of incidence are bladder cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review aims to outline the epidemiologic pattern of infection-associated cancers in five NA countries (namely: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) highlighting the similarities and differences across the region. The present study employed an initial literature review of peer-reviewed articles selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and World Health Organization (WHO) databases based on key word searches without restriction on publication dates. Original research articles and reports written in French, as well as data from institutional reports and regional meeting abstracts were also included in this extensive review. Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco were selected to be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagida A Anwar
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Attaleb
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Technics, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Mazini
- Laboratory of Onco-virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Laboratory of Onco-virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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23
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Othman AA, Soliman RH. Schistosomiasis in Egypt: A never-ending story? Acta Trop 2015; 148:179-90. [PMID: 25959770 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis has plagued the Egyptian population since the antiquity. The disease is still a public health problem in Egypt, despite the tendency of being overlooked. In the first part of this review, the past and current trends of schistosomiasis in Egypt are reviewed, including history, epidemiology, morbidity, therapy, and control of the disease. Most of these aspects are more or less relevant to other schistosome-endemic regions all over the world. As only one drug is currently available for individual treatment and preventive mass chemotherapy, the quest for complementary measures is urgently warranted. Indeed, one promising approach is the discovery of a vaccine. Herein, we point out the efforts of the Egyptian scientists to develop an efficacious and affordable vaccine against schistosomiasis - a step forward in the battle of elimination of Schistosoma infection. Based on the candidate vaccine antigens, four types of vaccine formulations are discussed: purified antigen vaccines, DNA constructs, attenuated cercariae, and excretory-secretory antigen vaccines. Finally, this review provides insights into this ancient seemingly long-lasting parasitic disease.
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24
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Yang G, Xu Z, Lu W, Li X, Sun C, Guo J, Xue P, Guan F. Quantitative Analysis of Differential Proteome Expression in Bladder Cancer vs. Normal Bladder Cells Using SILAC Method. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134727. [PMID: 26230496 PMCID: PMC4521931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The best way to increase patient survival rate is to identify patients who are likely to progress to muscle-invasive or metastatic disease upfront and treat them more aggressively. The human cell lines HCV29 (normal bladder epithelia), KK47 (low grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC), and YTS1 (metastatic bladder cancer) have been widely used in studies of molecular mechanisms and cell signaling during bladder cancer (BC) progression. However, little attention has been paid to global quantitative proteome analysis of these three cell lines. We labeled HCV29, KK47, and YTS1 cells by the SILAC method using three stable isotopes each of arginine and lysine. Labeled proteins were analyzed by 2D ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Among 3721 unique identified and annotated proteins in KK47 and YTS1 cells, 36 were significantly upregulated and 74 were significantly downregulated with >95% confidence. Differential expression of these proteins was confirmed by western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR, and cell staining with specific antibodies. Gene ontology (GO) term and pathway analysis indicated that the differentially regulated proteins were involved in DNA replication and molecular transport, cell growth and proliferation, cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, and cell death and survival. These proteins and the advanced proteome techniques described here will be useful for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms in BC and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PX); (FG)
| | - Feng Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (PX); (FG)
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25
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Eissa S, Matboli M, Essawy NOE, Shehta M, Kotb YM. Rapid detection of urinary long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated one using a PCR-free nanoparticle-based assay. Biomarkers 2015; 20:212-7. [PMID: 26161701 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1062918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed a specific hybridization assay for direct detection of long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated-1 (lncRNA-UCA1). Total RNA was extracted from urine pellet samples (bladder carcinoma patients and controls). Then, we compared the developed nanoassay with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results in detection of urine UCA1 in bladder cancer and control samples. The sensitivity and the specificity of UCA1 nanoassay were 92.1% and 93.3%, respectively. The concordance of the two methods was 98%. Interestingly, all bilharzial benign cases showed negative lncRNA-UCA1 using both methods. UCA1-nanoassay is a valid test for direct detection of urine UCA1 for bladder cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Eissa
- a Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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26
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Koonrungsesomboon N, Wadagni AC, Mbanefo EC. Molecular markers and Schistosoma-associated bladder carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:487-96. [PMID: 26162479 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of schistosomal-associated bladder cancer (SABC), one of the most common malignancies in Africa and parts of the Middle East, is still unclear. Identification of host molecular markers involved in schistosomal related bladder carcinogenesis is of value in prediction of high-risk group, early detection and timely intervention. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and African Journals Online databases were systematically searched and reviewed. A total of 63 articles reporting 41 host molecular factors were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Pooled odds ratio demonstrated associations of p53 expression, telomerase activity and sFas with SABC as compared to other schistosomal patients (p53 expression: OR=9.46, 95%CI=1.14-78.55, p=0.04; telomerase by TERT: OR=37.38, 95%CI=4.17-334.85, p=0.001; telomerase by TRAP: OR=10.36, 95%CI=6.08-17.64, p<0.00001; sFas: OR=34.37, 95%CI=3.32-355.51, p=0.003). In comparison to bladder cancers of other etiology, positive associations were found between SABC and p15 deletion, p16 deletion, telomerase activity and sFas (p15 deletion: OR=4.20, 95%CI=2.58-6.82, p<0.00001; p16 deletion: OR=4.93, 95%CI=2.52-9.65, p<0.00001; telomerase by TERT: OR=3.01, 95%CI=1.51-5.97, p=0.002; telomerase by TRAP: OR=2.66, 95%CI=1.18-6.01, p=0.02; sFas: OR=4.50, 95%CI=1.78-11.40, p=0.001). Other identified associations were reported by few numbers of studies to enable reliable interpretation. CONCLUSIONS Variations in gene expression or genomic alterations of some molecular markers in SABC as compared to non-SABC or other schistosomal patients were identified. These suggest minute differences in the pathogenesis and physiological profile of SABC, in relation to non-SABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Anita Carolle Wadagni
- Centre for Buruli Ulcer Screening and Treatment, Ministry of Health, Cotonou, BP 03, Allada, Benin.
| | - Evaristus Chibunna Mbanefo
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Bioscience, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan.
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27
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Eissa S, Matboli M, Shawky S, Essawy NOE. Urine biomarkers of schistosomiais and its associated bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:985-93. [PMID: 26105083 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (SCH) is the second only to malaria among the parasitic diseases affecting humans regarding the prevalence of infection worldwide. In this nonsystematic review, we summarize the existing data on commercially available and promising investigational urine markers for the detection of SCH and its associated bladder cancer (BC). We searched PubMed, Scopus and Cochran without time limits. We reviewed the recent literatures on urine-based markers for SCH and its associated BC. Many studies identified several urine biomarkers of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni worms and their associated BC using automated, inexpensive, quantitative assays in urine. These markers may aid in early detection of bladder carcinoma and have the potential to reduce the number of follow-up cystoscopy, thus reducing healthcare costs and patient discomfort, at the same time. Nevertheless, clinical evidence is insufficient to warrant the substitution of the cystoscopic follow-up scheme by any of the currently available urine marker tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Eissa
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. box 11381, Egypt
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28
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Takure AO, Odubanjo MO, Adebayo SA, Oluwasola O, Shittu OB, Okeke LI, Fadimu OA, Olapade-Olaopa EO. HISTOPATHOLOGIC PATTERN OF BLADDER CANCERS IN IBADAN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA: AN UPDATE. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2015; 5:17-42. [PMID: 27830121 PMCID: PMC5036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria on bladder cancers had described an increase in the frequency of urothelial carcinoma compared to the earlier reported preponderance of squamous-cell carcinoma. AIM To provide an update on the histopathologic pattern of bladder cancers in our community and to explore its implications for future health system policies. METHODS The records of the Ibadan Cancer Registry from January 1997 to December 2014 were reviewed and the data analyzed for the histologic subtypes of bladder cancers diagnosed in the hospital. RESULTS Two hundred and sixteen bladder tumours were recorded during this period with a male to female ratio of 3.2:1. Complete information was available in 195 cases of which 181 (96.8%) were bladder carcinomas whilst 14 were sarcomas. Of the bladder carcinomas, 68.5%, 19.9% and 11.6% were urothelial carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas (AC) respectively. Urothelial carcinoma was more common in all age groups and its peak age of occurrence was in the 51-60 year age group. The peak age for squamous cell carcinoma was in the 41-50 year age group. Mean and median age of occurrence was significantly lower in females in the urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas, but lowest in squamous cell carcinoma [P = < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION This population study has confirmed urothelial carcinoma as the predominant histotype of bladder cancer in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria currently and that both urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas occur earlier in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Takure
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ; PIUTA Ibadan Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M O Odubanjo
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - S A Adebayo
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ; PIUTA Ibadan Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O Oluwasola
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O B Shittu
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ; PIUTA Ibadan Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - L I Okeke
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ; PIUTA Ibadan Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O A Fadimu
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ; Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - E O Olapade-Olaopa
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ; PIUTA Ibadan Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kelleher A, Darwiche R, Rezende WC, Farias LP, Leite LCC, Schneiter R, Asojo OA. Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like protein 4 (SmVAL4) is a novel lipid-binding SCP/TAPS protein that lacks the prototypical CAP motifs. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:2186-96. [PMID: 25084337 PMCID: PMC4118828 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714013315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects over 200 million people. Vaccine candidates have been identified, including Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like proteins (SmVALs) from the SCP/TAPS (sperm-coating protein/Tpx/antigen 5/pathogenesis related-1/Sc7) superfamily. The first SmVAL structure, SmVAL4, was refined to a resolution limit of 2.16 Å. SmVAL4 has a unique structure that could not be predicted from homologous structures, with longer loops and an unusual C-terminal extension. SmVAL4 has the characteristic α/β-sandwich and central SCP/TAPS cavity. Furthermore, SmVAL4 has only one of the signature CAP cavity tetrad amino-acid residues and is missing the histidines that coordinate divalent cations such as Zn(2+) in other SCP/TAPS proteins. SmVAL4 has a cavity between α-helices 1 and 4 that was observed to bind lipids in tablysin-15, suggesting the ability to bind lipids. Subsequently, SmVAL4 was shown to bind cholesterol in vitro. Additionally, SmVAL4 was shown to complement the in vivo sterol-export phenotype of yeast mutants lacking their endogenous CAP proteins. Expression of SmVAL4 in yeast cells lacking endogenous CAP function restores the block in sterol export. These studies suggest an evolutionarily conserved lipid-binding function shared by CAP proteins such as SmVAL4 and yeast CAP proteins such as Pry1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kelleher
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rabih Darwiche
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wanderson C. Rezende
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Schneiter
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Oluwatoyin A. Asojo
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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