1
|
Mousavi Mirkalaei S, Farivar S. Systematic optimization of culture media for maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells using the response surface methodology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32558. [PMID: 38975108 PMCID: PMC11226774 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides tremendous opportunities in cell therapy. However, culturing these cells faces many practical challenges, including costs associated with cell culture media and the optimization of cell culture conditions. Providing an optimized culture platform for hiPSCs to maintain pluripotency and self-renewal and generate cost-effective and robust therapeutics is an immediate requirement. This study used the design of experiments and the response surface methodology, a powerful statistical tool, to generate empirical models for predicting the optimal culture conditions of the hiPSCs. Pluripotency and cell proliferation were applied as read-outs to determine the optimal concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and cell density. One model was defined to predict pluripotency and cell proliferation in terms of the predictor variables of the bFGF concentration and cell seeding density. Predicted culture conditions to maximize maintaining cell pluripotency were successfully validated. The present study's findings provide a novel approach that can potentially allow controllable hiPSC culture routine in translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmilad Mousavi Mirkalaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ueki M, Suzuki T, Kato Y. Large-scale cultivation of human iPS cells in bioreactor with reciprocal mixing. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:149-155. [PMID: 38185598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A substantial number of human iPS cells (hiPSCs) is needed for cell therapy to be successful against various diseases. We previously reported on a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing that produces specific physical properties that differ from those of conventional bioreactors with rotary paddle stirring. Moreover, such reactors not only provide a homogeneous environment but also allow the control of spheroid size by changing the mixing speed. In this study, we applied this bioreactor to the large-scale cultivation of hiPSCs. Approximately 10 billion hiPSCs were obtained from 2.0 L of culture, and the high expression of pluripotency markers was maintained. Our findings indicate that a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing can be used for large-scale hiPSC cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ueki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Multimix Corporation, 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamamoto R, Sakakibara R, Kim MH, Fujinaga Y, Kino-Oka M. Growth prolongation of human induced pluripotent stem cell aggregate in three-dimensional suspension culture system by addition of botulinum hemagglutinin. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:141-148. [PMID: 38110319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be used in regenerative therapy as an irresistible cell source, and so the development of scalable production of hiPSCs for three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture is required. In this study, we established a simple culture strategy for improving hiPSC aggregate growth using botulinum hemagglutinin (HA), which disrupts cell-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin. When HA was added to the suspension culture of hiPSC aggregates, E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion was temporarily disrupted within 24 h, but then recovered. Phosphorylated myosin light chain, a contractile force marker, was also recovered at the periphery of hiPSC aggregates. The cell aggregates were suppressed the formation of collagen type I shell-like structures at the periphery by HA and collagen type I was homogenously distributed within the cell aggregates. In addition, these cell aggregates retained the proliferation marker Ki-67 throughout the cell aggregates. The apparent specific growth rate with HA addition was maintained continuously throughout the culture, and the final cell density was 1.7-fold higher than that in the control culture. These cells retained high expression levels of pluripotency markers. These observations indicated that relaxation of cell-cell adhesions by HA addition induced rearrangement of the mechanical tensions generated by actomyosin in hiPSC aggregates and suppression of collagen type I shell-like structure formation. These results suggest that this simple and readily culture strategy is a potentially useful tool for improving the scalable production of hiPSCs for 3D suspension cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakakibara
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research Base for Cell Manufacturability, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cuesta-Gomez N, Verhoeff K, Dadheech N, Dang T, Jasra IT, de Leon MB, Pawlick R, Marfil-Garza B, Anwar P, Razavy H, Zapata-Morin PA, Jickling G, Thiesen A, O'Gorman D, Kallos MS, Shapiro AMJ. Suspension culture improves iPSC expansion and pluripotency phenotype. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:154. [PMID: 37280707 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine as a renewable source for islets, dopaminergic neurons, retinal cells, and cardiomyocytes. However, translation of these regenerative cell therapies requires cost-efficient mass manufacturing of high-quality human iPSCs. This study presents an improved three-dimensional Vertical-Wheel® bioreactor (3D suspension) cell expansion protocol with comparison to a two-dimensional (2D planar) protocol. METHODS Sendai virus transfection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used to establish mycoplasma and virus free iPSC lines without common genetic duplications or deletions. iPSCs were then expanded under 2D planar and 3D suspension culture conditions. We comparatively evaluated cell expansion capacity, genetic integrity, pluripotency phenotype, and in vitro and in vivo pluripotency potential of iPSCs. RESULTS Expansion of iPSCs using Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors achieved 93.8-fold (IQR 30.2) growth compared to 19.1 (IQR 4.0) in 2D (p < 0.0022), the largest expansion potential reported to date over 5 days. 0.5 L Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors achieved similar expansion and further reduced iPSC production cost. 3D suspension expanded cells had increased proliferation, measured as Ki67+ expression using flow cytometry (3D: 69.4% [IQR 5.5%] vs. 2D: 57.4% [IQR 10.9%], p = 0.0022), and had a higher frequency of pluripotency marker (Oct4+Nanog+Sox2+) expression (3D: 94.3 [IQR 1.4] vs. 2D: 52.5% [IQR 5.6], p = 0.0079). q-PCR genetic analysis demonstrated a lack of duplications or deletions at the 8 most commonly mutated regions within iPSC lines after long-term passaging (> 25). 2D-cultured cells displayed a primed pluripotency phenotype, which transitioned to naïve after 3D-culture. Both 2D and 3D cells were capable of trilineage differentiation and following teratoma, 2D-expanded cells generated predominantly solid teratomas, while 3D-expanded cells produced more mature and predominantly cystic teratomas with lower Ki67+ expression within teratomas (3D: 16.7% [IQR 3.2%] vs.. 2D: 45.3% [IQR 3.0%], p = 0.002) in keeping with a naïve phenotype. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates nearly 100-fold iPSC expansion over 5-days using our 3D suspension culture protocol in Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors, the largest cell growth reported to date. 3D expanded cells showed enhanced in vitro and in vivo pluripotency phenotype that may support more efficient scale-up strategies and safer clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Ila Tewari Jasra
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mario Bermudez de Leon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 64720, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rena Pawlick
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Braulio Marfil-Garza
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub - Excellence and Innovation Center, 66260, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Perveen Anwar
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Haide Razavy
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Patricio Adrián Zapata-Morin
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Glen Jickling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Doug O'Gorman
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J3, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Torizal FG, Utami T, Lau QY, Inamura K, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Dialysis based-culture medium conditioning improved the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-liver organoid in a high cell density. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20774. [PMID: 36456801 PMCID: PMC9715714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids (HLOs) have recently become a promising alternative for liver regenerative therapy. To realize this application, a large amount of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived-liver cells are required for partial liver replacement during transplantation. This method requires stepwise induction using costly growth factors to direct the hiPSCs into the hepatic lineage. Therefore, we developed a simple dialysis-based medium conditioning that fully utilized growth factors accumulation to improve hepatic differentiation of hiPSCs at a high cell density. The results demonstrated that the dialysis culture system could accumulate the four essential growth factors required in each differentiation stage: activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and oncostatin M (OSM). As a result, this low lactate culture environment allowed high-density bipotential hepatic differentiation of up to 4.5 × 107 cells/mL of human liver organoids (HLOs), consisting of hiPSC derived-hepatocyte like cells (HLCs) and cholangiocyte like-cells (CLCs). The differentiated HLOs presented a better or comparable hepatic marker and hepatobiliary physiology to the one that differentiated in suspension culture with routine daily medium replacement at a lower cell density. This simple miniaturized dialysis culture system demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective high-density hepatic differentiation with minimum growth factor usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tia Utami
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qiao You Lau
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Inamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tristan CA, Ormanoglu P, Slamecka J, Malley C, Chu PH, Jovanovic VM, Gedik Y, Jethmalani Y, Bonney C, Barnaeva E, Braisted J, Mallanna SK, Dorjsuren D, Iannotti MJ, Voss TC, Michael S, Simeonov A, Singeç I. Robotic high-throughput biomanufacturing and functional differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3076-3092. [PMID: 34861164 PMCID: PMC8693769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient translation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires scalable cell manufacturing strategies for optimal self-renewal and functional differentiation. Traditional manual cell culture is variable and labor intensive, posing challenges for high-throughput applications. Here, we established a robotic platform and automated all essential steps of hiPSC culture and differentiation under chemically defined conditions. This approach allowed rapid and standardized manufacturing of billions of hiPSCs that can be produced in parallel from up to 90 different patient- and disease-specific cell lines. Moreover, we established automated multi-lineage differentiation and generated functional neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. To validate our approach, we compared robotic and manual cell culture operations and performed comprehensive molecular and cellular characterizations (e.g., single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, metabolism, electrophysiology) to benchmark industrial-scale cell culture operations toward building an integrated platform for efficient cell manufacturing for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yeliz Gedik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Charles Bonney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sunil K Mallanna
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael J Iannotti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kusena JWT, Shariatzadeh M, Studd AJ, James JR, Thomas RJ, Wilson SL. The importance of cell culture parameter standardization: an assessment of the robustness of the 2102Ep reference cell line. Bioengineered 2021; 12:341-357. [PMID: 33380247 PMCID: PMC8806261 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1870074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Work undertaken using the embryonic carcinoma 2102Ep line, highlighted the requirement for robust, well-characterized and standardized protocols. A systematic approach utilizing 'quick hit' experiments demonstrated variability introduced into culture systems resulting from slight changes to culture conditions (route A). This formed the basis for longitudinal experiments investigating long-term effects of culture parameters including seeding density and feeding regime (route B).Results demonstrated that specific growth rates (SGR) of passage 59 (P59) cells seeded at 20,000 cells/cm2 and subjected to medium exchange after 48h prior to reseeding at 72h (route B2) on average was marginally higher than, P55 cells cultured under equivalent conditions (route A1); whereby SGR values were (0.021±0.004) and (0.019±0.004). Viability was higher in route B2 over 10 passages with average viability reported as (86.3%±8.1) compared to route A1 (83.3±8.8). The metabolite data demonstrated both culture route B1 (P57 cells seeded at 66,667 cells/cm2) and B2 had consistent-specific metabolite rates (SMR) for glucose, but SMR values of route B1 was consistently lower than route B2 (0.00001 mmol, cell-1.d-1 and 0.000025).Results revealed interactions between phenotype, SMR and feeding regime that may not be accurately reflected by growth rate or observed morphology. This implies that current schemes of protocol control do not adequately account for variability, since key cell characteristics, including phenotype and SMR, change regardless of standardized seeding densities. This highlights the need to control culture parameters through defined protocols, for processes that involve culture for therapeutic use, biologics production, and reference lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Willard Tonderai Kusena
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Maryam Shariatzadeh
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Adam James Studd
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jenna Rebekah James
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert James Thomas
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Samantha Loiuse Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kusena JWT, Shariatzadeh M, Thomas RJ, Wilson SL. Understanding cell culture dynamics: a tool for defining protocol parameters for improved processes and efficient manufacturing using human embryonic stem cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:979-996. [PMID: 33757391 PMCID: PMC8806349 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1902696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardization is crucial when culturing cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) which are valuable for therapy development and disease modeling. Inherent issues regarding reproducibility of protocols are problematic as they hinder translation to good manufacturing practice (GMP), thus reducing clinical efficacy and uptake. Pluripotent cultures require standardization to ensure that input material is consistent prior to differentiation, as inconsistency of input cells creates end-product variation. To improve protocols, developers first must understand the cells they are working with and their related culture dynamics. This innovative work highlights key conditions required for optimized and cost-effective bioprocesses compared to generic protocols typically implemented. This entailed investigating conditions affecting growth, metabolism, and phenotype dynamics to ensure cell quality is appropriate for use. Results revealed critical process parameters (CPPs) including feeding regime and seeding density impact critical quality attributes (CQAs) including specific metabolic rate (SMR) and specific growth rate (SGR). This implied that process understanding, and control is essential to maintain key cell characteristics, reduce process variation and retain CQAs. Examination of cell dynamics and CPPs permitted the formation of a defined protocol for culturing H9 hESCs. The authors recommend that H9 seeding densities of 20,000 cells/cm2, four-day cultures or three-day cultures following a recovery passage from cryopreservation and 100% medium exchange after 48 hours are optimal. These parameters gave ~SGR of 0.018 hour-1 ± 1.5x10-3 over three days and cell viabilities ≥95%±0.4, while producing cells which highly expressed pluripotent and proliferation markers, Oct3/4 (>99% positive) and Ki-67 (>99% positive).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W T Kusena
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - M Shariatzadeh
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R J Thomas
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torizal FG, Lau QY, Ibuki M, Kawai Y, Horikawa M, Minami M, Michiue T, Horiguchi I, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. A miniature dialysis-culture device allows high-density human-induced pluripotent stem cells expansion from growth factor accumulation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1316. [PMID: 34799690 PMCID: PMC8604949 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional aggregate-suspension culture is a potential biomanufacturing method to produce a large number of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, the use of expensive growth factors and method-induced mechanical stress potentially result in inefficient production costs and difficulties in preserving pluripotency, respectively. Here, we developed a simple, miniaturized, dual-compartment dialysis-culture device based on a conventional membrane-culture insert with deep well plates. The device improved cell expansion up to approximately ~3.2 to 4×107 cells/mL. The high-density expansion was supported by reduction of excessive shear stress and agglomeration mediated by the addition of the functional polymer FP003. The results revealed accumulation of several growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin, along with endogenous Nodal, which acts as a substitute for depleted transforming growth factor-β1 in maintaining pluripotency. Because we used the same growth-factor formulation per volume in the upper culture compartment, the cost reduced in inverse proportional manner with the cell density. We showed that growth-factor-accumulation dynamics in a low-shear-stress environment successfully improved hiPSC proliferation, pluripotency, and differentiation potential. This miniaturised dialysis-culture system demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective mass production of hiPSCs in high-density culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Qiao You Lau
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Ibuki
- grid.410860.b0000 0000 9776 0030Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kawai
- grid.410860.b0000 0000 9776 0030Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Horikawa
- grid.420062.20000 0004 1763 4894Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Minami
- grid.420062.20000 0004 1763 4894Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Michiue
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi H, Shinohara M, Ibuki M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endocrine Progenitors to Islet-like Cells Using a Dialysis Suspension Culture System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082017. [PMID: 34440786 PMCID: PMC8392085 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of functional islet-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising strategy for the therapeutic use and disease modeling for type 1 diabetes. However, the production cost of islet-like cells is extremely high due to the use of expensive growth factors for differentiation. In a conventional culture method, growth factors and beneficial autocrine factors remaining in the culture medium are removed along with toxic metabolites during the medium change, and it limits the efficient utilization of those factors. In this study, we demonstrated that the dialysis suspension culture system is possible to reduce the usage of growth factors to one-third in the differentiation of hiPSC-derived endocrine progenitor cells to islet-like cells by reducing the medium change frequency with the refinement of the culture medium. Furthermore, the expression levels of hormone-secretion-related genes and the efficiency of differentiation were improved with the dialysis suspension culture system, possibly due to the retaining of autocrine factors. In addition, we confirmed several improvements required for the further study of the dialysis culture system. These findings showed the promising possibility of the dialysis suspension culture system for the low-cost production of islet-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masato Ibuki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.)
- Kaneka Corporation, Osaka 530-0005, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Torizal FG, Choi H, Shinohara M, Sakai Y. Efficient High-Density hiPSCs Expansion in Simple Dialysis Device. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:83-94. [PMID: 33856661 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
iPSCs are potential cell types that can be used for regenerative medicine. Suspension culture is the main approach to produce a sufficient amount of required cells to realize the application of hiPSCs for the transplantation of the large organ. The dialysis culture system holds the potential to reduce the cost by utilizing endogenous growth factors and recycle the remaining exogenous growth factors at the same time. However, the current large scale dialysis culture system was not optimized for expanding the high-density culture. Several problems such as the requirement of the large volume and technical complexity make the optimization of this system remain challenging. Also, the interference of mechanical stress in the dynamic suspension culture may reduce cellular viability, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity. Here, we describe the simple miniaturized dialysis platform to evaluate the feasibility of high-density hiPSCs culture by combining the utilization of endogenous growth factors supported by a continuous exchange of nutrition and toxic metabolic product in a low mechanical stress culture environment in a viscoelastic medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hyunjin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ikegami Y, Mizumachi H, Yoshida K, Ijima H. Heparin-conjugated collagen as a potent growth factor-localizing and stabilizing scaffold for regenerative medicine. Regen Ther 2020; 15:236-242. [PMID: 33426224 PMCID: PMC7770420 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth factors are crucial bioactive molecules in vitro and in vivo. Among them, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been used widely for various applications such as cell culture and regenerative medicine. However, bFGF has extremely poor stability in aqueous solution; thus, it is difficult to maintain its high local concentration. Heparin-conjugated materials have been studied recently as promising scaffold-immobilizing growth factors for biological and medical applications. The previous studies have focused on the local concentration maintenance and sustained release of the growth factors from the scaffold. Methods In this paper, we focused on the biological stability of bFGF immobilized on the heparin-conjugated collagen (hep-col) scaffold. The stability of the immobilized bFGF was quantitatively evaluated at physiological temperature (37 °C) using cell culture and ELISA. Results The immobilized bFGF had twice higher stability than the bFGF solution. Furthermore, the hep-col scaffold was able to immobilize not only bFGF but also other growth factors (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor) at high efficiency. Conclusions The hep-col scaffold can localize several kinds of growth factors as well as stabilize bFGF under physiological temperature and is a promising potent scaffold for regenerative medicine. Heparin-conjugated collagen scaffold immobilized bFGF, VEGF, and HGF with a high efficiency of 80–90% even at 100 ng/mL. Cell proliferation of HUVECs was promoted depending on the bFGF amount on the scaffold, and slowed by pre-incubation at 37 °C. Growth factor-immobilization on the scaffold stabilized bFGF and maintained its bioactivity longer than bFGF solution.
Collapse
Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Basic fibroblast growth factor
- Bioactive growth factor-quantification
- C-FBS, charcoal/dextran-treated fetal bovine serum
- CMF-PBS, calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate-buffered saline
- EDC, 1-Ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Growth factor stabilization
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells
- Heparin-conjugated collagen
- MES, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid
- N-hydroxysuccinimide, VEGF
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- hESCs, human embryonic stem cells
- hep-col, heparin-conjugated collagen
- hiPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- monohydrate, NHS
- vascular endothelial growth factor, Main text
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizumachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kozue Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tristan CA, Ormanoglu P, Slamecka J, Malley C, Chu PH, Jovanovic VM, Gedik Y, Bonney C, Barnaeva E, Braisted J, Mallanna SK, Dorjsuren D, Iannotti MJ, Voss TC, Michael S, Simeonov A, Singeç I. Robotic High-Throughput Biomanufacturing and Functional Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.08.03.235242. [PMID: 32793899 PMCID: PMC7418713 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.03.235242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient translation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) depends on implementing scalable cell manufacturing strategies that ensure optimal self-renewal and functional differentiation. Currently, manual culture of hiPSCs is highly variable and labor-intensive posing significant challenges for high-throughput applications. Here, we established a robotic platform and automated all essential steps of hiPSC culture and differentiation under chemically defined conditions. This streamlined approach allowed rapid and standardized manufacturing of billions of hiPSCs that can be produced in parallel from up to 90 different patient-and disease-specific cell lines. Moreover, we established automated multi-lineage differentiation to generate primary embryonic germ layers and more mature phenotypes such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. To validate our approach, we carefully compared robotic and manual cell culture and performed molecular and functional cell characterizations (e.g. bulk culture and single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, metabolism, electrophysiology, Zika virus experiments) in order to benchmark industrial-scale cell culture operations towards building an integrated platform for efficient cell manufacturing for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy. Combining stem cell-based models and non-stop robotic cell culture may become a powerful strategy to increase scientific rigor and productivity, which are particularly important during public health emergencies (e.g. opioid crisis, COVID-19 pandemic).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Vukasin M. Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yeliz Gedik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Charles Bonney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael J. Iannotti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ty C. Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khalil AS, Xie AW, Johnson HJ, Murphy WL. Sustained release and protein stabilization reduce the growth factor dosage required for human pluripotent stem cell expansion. Biomaterials 2020; 248:120007. [PMID: 32302801 PMCID: PMC8445021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Translation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived therapies to the clinic demands scalable, cost-effective methods for cell expansion. Culture media currently used for hPSC expansion rely on high concentrations and frequent supplementation of recombinant growth factors due to their short half-life at physiological temperatures. Here, we developed a biomaterial strategy using mineral-coated microparticles (MCMs) to sustain delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a thermolabile protein critical for hPSC pluripotency and proliferation. We show that the MCMs stabilize bFGF against thermally induced activity loss and provide more efficient sustained release of active growth factor compared to polymeric carriers commonly used for growth factor delivery. Using a statistically driven optimization approach called Design of Experiments, we generated a bFGF-loaded MCM formulation that supported hPSC expansion over 25 passages without the need for additional bFGF supplementation to the media, resulting in greater than 80% reduction in bFGF usage compared to standard approaches. This materials-based strategy to stabilize and sustain delivery of a thermolabile growth factor has broad potential to reduce costs associated with recombinant protein supplements in scalable biomanufacturing of emerging cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hunter J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Carvalho MS, Miranda CC, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Cabral JMS. Strategies for the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells as aggregates in single-use Vertical-Wheel™ bioreactors. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:74. [PMID: 31534477 PMCID: PMC6744632 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since their inception, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have held much promise for pharmacological applications and cell-based therapies. However, their potential can only be realised if large numbers of cells can be produced reproducibly on-demand. While bioreactors are ideal systems for this task, due to providing agitation and control of the culture parameters, the common impeller geometries were not designed for the expansion of mammalian cells, potentially leading to sub-optimal results. Results This work reports for the first time the usage of the novel Vertical-Wheel single-use bioreactors for the expansion of hiPSCs as floating aggregates. Cultures were performed in the PBS MINI 0.1 bioreactor with 60 mL of working volume. Two different culture media were tested, mTeSR1 and mTeSR3D, in a repeated batch or fed-batch mode, respectively, as well as dextran sulfate (DS) supplementation. mTeSR3D was shown to sustain hiPSC expansion, although with lower maximum cell density than mTeSR1. Dextran sulfate supplementation led to an increase in 97 and 106% in maximum cell number when using mTeSR1 or mTeSR3D, respectively. For supplemented media, mTeSR1 + DS allowed for a higher cell density to be obtained with one less day of culture. A maximum cell density of (2.3 ± 0.2) × 106 cells∙mL− 1 and a volumetric productivity of (4.6 ± 0.3) × 105 cells∙mL− 1∙d− 1 were obtained after 5 days with mTeSR1 + DS, resulting in aggregates with an average diameter of 346 ± 11 μm. The generated hiPSCs were analysed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR and their differentiation potential was assayed, revealing the maintenance of their pluripotency after expansion. Conclusions The results here described present the Vertical-Wheel bioreactor as a promising technology for hiPSC bioprocessing. The specific characteristics of this bioreactor, namely in terms of the innovative agitation mechanism, can make it an important system in the development of hiPSC-derived products under current Good Manufacturing Practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo E S Nogueira
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta S Carvalho
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C Miranda
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schwedhelm I, Zdzieblo D, Appelt-Menzel A, Berger C, Schmitz T, Schuldt B, Franke A, Müller FJ, Pless O, Schwarz T, Wiedemann P, Walles H, Hansmann J. Automated real-time monitoring of human pluripotent stem cell aggregation in stirred tank reactors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12297. [PMID: 31444389 PMCID: PMC6707254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) at large scale becomes feasible with the aid of scalable suspension setups in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Innovative monitoring options and emerging automated process control strategies allow for the necessary highly defined culture conditions. Next to standard process characteristics such as oxygen consumption, pH, and metabolite turnover, a reproducible and steady formation of hiPSC aggregates is vital for process scalability. In this regard, we developed a hiPSC-specific suspension culture unit consisting of a fully monitored CSTR system integrated into a custom-designed and fully automated incubator. As a step towards cost-effective hiPSC suspension culture and to pave the way for flexibility at a large scale, we constructed and utilized tailored miniature CSTRs that are largely made from three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) filament, which is a low-cost material used in fused deposition modelling. Further, the monitoring tool for hiPSC suspension cultures utilizes in situ microscopic imaging to visualize hiPSC aggregation in real-time to a statistically significant degree while omitting the need for time-intensive sampling. Suitability of our culture unit, especially concerning the developed hiPSC-specific CSTR system, was proven by demonstrating pluripotency of CSTR-cultured hiPSCs at RNA (including PluriTest) and protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Schwedhelm
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Berger
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmitz
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wiedemann
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ibuki M, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. A novel tool for suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells: Lysophospholipids as a cell aggregation regulator. Regen Ther 2019; 12:74-82. [PMID: 31890769 PMCID: PMC6933451 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suspension culture for the increase in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been one of the major challenges. Previously, we reported that albumin-associated lipids prevented aggregation of hiPSCs, whereas, lipids responsible for this function were unclear. Here, by using cell aggregation assay, we investigated principal lipids regulated aggregation size of hiPSCs. As a result, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), known as lysophospholipids acting as a signaling molecule, were identified. These lipids regulated the aggregation size in a dose-dependent manner. Aggregates formed with these lipids kept the high-expression rates of pluripotent marker genes and had the abilities of proliferation. These studies demonstrated that LPA and S1P were useful for suspension culture for hiPSCs without affecting the growth ability and pluripotency of hiPSCs. This knowledge will lead to the development of a simple and robust method for the mass culture of hiPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ibuki
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, 6-7-3, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torizal FG, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Open Biomed Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874120701913010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintained to obtain a high yield. Various culture systems are currently available for optimum cell propagation by maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell cultivation. Each type of culture system using a different configuration with various advantages and disadvantages affecting the mechanical conditions in the bioreactor, such as shear stress. These factors make it difficult to preserve the cellular viability and pluripotency of PSCs. Additional limitations of the culture system for PSCs must also be identified and overcome to maintain the culture conditions and enable large-scale expansion and differentiation of PSCs. This review describes the different physiological conditions in the various culture systems and recent developments in culture technology for PSC expansion and differentiation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodrigues AL, Rodrigues CAV, Gomes AR, Vieira SF, Badenes SM, Diogo MM, Cabral JM. Dissolvable Microcarriers Allow Scalable Expansion And Harvesting Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Xeno‐Free Conditions. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800461. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André L. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Carlos A. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Ana R. Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Sara F. Vieira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Sara M. Badenes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Maria M. Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Joaquim M.S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nishihara S. Glycans in stem cell regulation: from
Drosophila
tissue stem cells to mammalian pluripotent stem cells. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3773-3790. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Nishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology Department of Bioinformatics Graduate School of Engineering Soka University Hachioji Japan
| |
Collapse
|