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Hu C, Sun D, Yu J, Chen M, Xue Y, Wang J, Su W, Chen R, Anwar A, Song S. Transcriptome Analysis of Intermittent Light Induced Early Bolting in Flowering Chinese Cabbage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:866. [PMID: 38592871 PMCID: PMC10975546 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In flowering Chinese cabbage, early booting is one of the most important characteristics that is linked with quality and production. Through fixed light intensity (280 μmol·m-2·s-1) and fixed intermittent lighting in flowering Chinese cabbage, there was early bolting, bud emergence, and flowering. Moreover, the aboveground fresh weight, blade area, dry weight of blade, and quantification of the leaves in flowering Chinese cabbage were significantly reduced, while the thickness of tillers, tillers height, dry weight of tillers, and tillers weight were significantly increased. The chlorophyll contents and soil-plant analysis and development (SPAD) value decreased in the early stage and increased in the later stage. The nitrate content decreased, while the photosynthetic rate, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content increased, and mineral elements also accumulated. In order to explore the mechanism of intermittent light promoting the early bolting and flowering of '49d' flowering Chinese cabbage, this study analyzed the transcriptional regulation from a global perspective using RNA sequencing. A total of 17,086 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and 396 DEGs were selected that were closely related to early bolting. These DEGs were mainly involved in pollen wall assembly and plant circadian rhythm pathways, light action (34 DEGs), hormone biosynthesis and regulation (26 DEGs), development (21 DEGs), and carbohydrate synthesis and transport (6 DEGs). Three hub genes with the highest connectivity were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA): BrRVE, BrLHY, and BrRVE1. It is speculated that they may be involved in the intermittent light regulation of early bolting in flowering Chinese cabbage. In conclusion, intermittent light can be used as a useful tool to regulate plant growth structure, increase planting density, enhance photosynthesis, increase mineral accumulation, accelerate growth, and shorten the breeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Anwar
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.H.); (D.S.); (J.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.H.); (D.S.); (J.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
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2
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Xiao X, Peng Y, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang Z, Ren B, Zhu G, Zhou S. Current status and prospects of algal bloom early warning technologies: A Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119510. [PMID: 37951110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, frequent occurrences of algal blooms due to environmental changes have posed significant threats to the environment and human health. This paper analyzes the reasons of algal bloom from the perspective of environmental factors such as nutrients, temperature, light, hydrodynamics factors and others. Various commonly used algal bloom monitoring methods are discussed, including traditional field monitoring methods, remote sensing techniques, molecular biology-based monitoring techniques, and sensor-based real-time monitoring techniques. The advantages and limitations of each method are summarized. Existing algal bloom prediction models, including traditional models and machine learning (ML) models, are introduced. Support Vector Machine (SVM), deep learning (DL), and other ML models are discussed in detail, along with their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the future development of algal bloom warning techniques, proposing to combine various monitoring methods and prediction models to establish a multi-level and multi-perspective algal bloom monitoring system, further improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning, and providing more effective safeguards for environmental protection and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Yazhou Peng
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Bozhi Ren
- School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Guocheng Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Saijun Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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Gao Y, Bernard O, Fanesi A, Perré P, Lopes F. The impact of light/dark regimes on structure and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250866. [PMID: 37942075 PMCID: PMC10628651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biofilm-based microalgae production technologies offer enormous potential for improving sustainability and productivity. However, the light pattern induced by these technologies is a key concern for optimization. Methods In this work, the effects of light/dark cycles on architecture, growth, and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris biofilms were assessed in a millifluidic flow-cell with different time cycles (15 s to 3 min) keeping the average light constant at 100 μmol·m-2·s-1. Results and discussion Results showed that photoinhibition can be mitigated by applying a light fraction of 1/3 and a cycle time of 15 s. By contrast, when the cycle time is extended to 90 s and 3 min, photoinhibition is high and photoefficiency dramatically decreases. To cope with light stress, cells acclimate and organize themselves differently in space. A high peak light (500 μmol·m-2·s-1) triggers a stress, reducing cell division and inducing clusters in the biofilm. This work provides guidelines for optimizing rotating microalgae production systems in biofilms and assesses the minimum rotating frequency required to maintain the net growth rate close to that of continuous light of the same average intensity, mitigating photo-inhibition. The overall gain in productivity is then provided by the total surface of the biofilm turning in the illuminated surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Biocore, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Andrea Fanesi
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Pomacle, France
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Dai WY, Han L, Li PF, Li QD, Xie LJ, Liu CY, Kong JR, Jia R, Li DY, Yang GP. The sulfate assimilation and reduction of marine microalgae and the regulation of illumination. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106156. [PMID: 37660481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the sulfate assimilation and reduction process and the regulation of illumination, diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae were selected for continuous simulation incubation under different photon flux densities (PFDs) (54, 108 and 162 μmol photons m-2 s-1), and concentration variations of related sulfur compounds sulfate, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid (AA) in the culture system were observed. The optimal PFD for the growth of two microalgae was 108 μmol photons m-2 s-1. However, the maximum sulfate absorption occurred at 162 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for P. tricornutum and at 54 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for A. carterae. With the increase of PFD, the release of DMSP by P. tricornutum decreased while A. carterae increased. The largest release amount of DMS was 0.59 ± 0.05 fmol cells-1 for P. tricornutum and 2.61 ± 0.89 fmol cells-1 for A. carterae under their optimum growth light condition. The sulfate uptake of P. tricornutum was inhibited by the addition of amino acids, cysteine had a greater inhibitory effect than methionine, and the absorption process was controlled by light. The intermediate products of sulfur metabolism had an up-control effect on the sulfate uptake process of P. tricornutum. However, the addition of amino acids had no obvious effect on the sulfate absorption of A. carterae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lu Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Qin-Dao Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Li-Jun Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jun-Ru Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Jian-Fei S, Meng-hui S, Xiao-nan Z. Response surface optimization of light conditions for organic matter accumulation in two different shapes of Arthrospira platensis. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1047685. [PMID: 36687690 PMCID: PMC9852917 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1047685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis has attracted wide attention as a cyanobacteria with high nutritional value. In this research, the response surface method was used to study the effects of light cycle, light intensity and red-blue LED conditions on the growth and organic matter accumulation in spiral shaped strain A. platensis OUC623 and linear shaped strain A. platensis OUC793. The light conditions suitable for A. platensis OUC623 were as follows: growth (light time 12.01 h, light intensity 35.64 μmol/m2s, LED red: blue = 6.38:1); chlorophyll a (light time 12.75 h, light intensity 31.06 μmol/m2s, red: blue = 6.25:1); carotenoid (light time 13.12 h, light intensity 32.25 μmol/m2s, red: blue = 5.79:1); polysaccharide (light time 16.00 h, light intensity 31.32 μmol/m2s, blue: red = 6.24:1); protein (light time 12.18 h, light intensity 6.12 μmol/m2s, blue: red = 7.95:1); phycocyanin (light time12.00 h, light intensity 5.00 μmol/m2s, blue: red = 8.00:1). The light conditions suitable for A. platensis OUC793 were as follows: growth (light time 13.52 h, light intensity 40.22 μmol/m2s, red: blue = 5.98:1); chlorophyll a (light time 14.22 h, light intensity 44.96 μmol/m2s, red: blue = 5.94:1); carotenoid (light time 14.13 h, light intensity 44.50 μmol/m2s, red: blue = 6.02:1); polysaccharide (light time 16.00 h, light intensity 31.85 μmol/m2s, blue: red = 6.08:1); protein (light time12.00 h, light intensity 5.00 μmol/m2s, blue: red = 8.00:1); phycocyanin (light time12.01 h, light intensity 5.01 μmol/m2s, blue: red = 8.00:1). Under the theoretical optimal light conditions, compared with white LED, the growth rate, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, phycocyanin, protein and polysaccharide contents in strain 623 increased by 91.67%, 114.70%, 85.05%, 563.54%, 386.14%, 201.18%, and in strain 793 increased by 75.00%, 150.94%, 113.43%, 427.09%, 1284.71%, 312.38%, respectively. The two strains showed different advantages. Growth rate, chlorophyll a, polysaccharide, protein and phycocyanin content of strain 623 were higher than those of strain 793, while carotenoid was higher in strain 793. After optimization, both strains could reach a good growth state, and the growth rate and organic matter content were close. And then a 20 L photobioreactor was used to expand the culture of the two strains, validating the theoretical optimal light conditions of response surface method. This study laid the foundation for the establishment of optical conditions for organic matter accumulation in two different strains of A. platensis, which provided more options for meeting the industrialization needs of A. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zang Xiao-nan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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6
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Akao PK, Kaplan A, Avisar D, Dhir A, Avni A, Mamane H. Removal of carbamazepine, venlafaxine and iohexol from wastewater effluent using coupled microalgal-bacterial biofilm. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136399. [PMID: 36099989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the removal capacity of a coupled microalgal-bacterial biofilm (CMBB) to eliminate three recalcitrant pharmaceuticals. The CMBB's efficiency, operating at different biofilm concentrations, with or without light, was compared and analyzed to correlate these parameters to pharmaceutical removal and their effect on the microorganism community. Removal rates changed with changing pharmaceutical and biofilm concentrations: higher biofilm concentrations presented higher removal. Removal of 82-94% venlafaxine and 18-51% carbamazepine was obtained with 5 days of CMBB treatment. No iohexol removal was observed. Light, microorganism composition, and dissolved oxygen concentration are essential parameters governing the removal of pharmaceuticals and ammonia. Chlorophyll concentration increased with time, even in the dark. Three bacterial phyla were dominant: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The dominant eukaryotic supergroups were Archaeplastida, Excavata and SAR. A study of the microorganisms' community indicated that not only do the species in the biofilm play an important role; environment, concentration and interactions among them are also important. CMBB has the potential to provide low-cost and sustainable treatment for wastewater and recalcitrant pharmaceutical removal. The microenvironments on the biofilm created by the microalgae and bacteria improved treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Akao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Aviv Kaplan
- The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avisar
- The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Dhir
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 69978, India
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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AlMomani F, Shawaqfah M, Alsarayreh M, Khraisheh M, Hameed BH, Naqvi SR, Berkani M, Varjani S. Developing pretreatment methods to promote the production of biopolymer and bioethanol from residual algal biomass (RAB). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Ren H, Zhu G, Ni J, Shen M, Show PL, Sun FF. Enhanced photoautotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris in starch wastewater through photo-regulation strategy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135533. [PMID: 35787884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biomass production with starch wastewater (SW) is a promising approach to realize waste recovery and cost reduction due to the inherent copious nutrients and nontoxic compounds in SW. However, the application of this technique is significantly hindered by low biomass production on account of the poor photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae. In this regard, we proposed a photo-regulation strategy characterized by the adjusting of numbers of light/dark (L/D) cycles, and compositions of light wavelength, which was proved to be an effective method for stimulating intracellular photo electron transfer and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, to boost microalgae biomass accumulation. Additionally, responses of the microalgae photo-biochemical conversion, and the wastewater treatment performance at various number of L/D cycles and light wavelengths were discussed. The experimental results indicated that the biomass production increased when the L/D period was increased from 2 h:2 h-12 h:12 h. When the L/D period was 2 h:2 h, the biomass production reached a maximum value of 1.28 g L-1, which was 19.6% higher than that of the control group when the L/D period was 12 h:12 h. Furthermore, with respect to microalgae growth under monochromatic light, the maximum biomass concentration (1.25 g L-1) and lipid content (32.2%) of Chlorella were achieved under blue light; whereas, the minimum values were attained under red light (1.05 g L-1 and 19.3%, respectively). When the red light and blue light were mixed and supplied, the microalgae biomass productivity was higher than that under white light, and the highest lipid productivity was 109.0 mg-1 L-1 d under a blue: red ratio of 2:1. Moreover, gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that the methyl in the range of C16-C18 in the system was higher than 70%. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) containing palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) are beneficial for production of biodiesel, and the quality of fatty acid methyl ester used in biodiesel production can be improved using microalgae cultured under the mixed wavelengths of blue and red. Finally, Chlorella was cultured in PBR and reached the peak concentration of 2.45 g L-1 by semi-continuous process with the HRT regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ren
- School of Environment Science and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- School of Environment Science and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Ni
- School of Environment Science and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mingwei Shen
- School of Environment Science and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Fubao Fuelbiol Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Abstract
Cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms in wastewater is a potential cost-effective method of treating wastewater and simultaneously providing the essential nutrients for high-value biomass production. This study investigates the cultivation of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis in non-diluted and non-pretreated brewery wastewater under non-sterile and alkaline growth conditions. The system’s performance in terms of biomass productivity, pollutant consumption, pigment production and biomass composition was evaluated under different media formulations (i.e., addition of sodium chloride and/or bicarbonate) and different irradiation conditions (i.e., continuous illumination and 16:8 light:dark photoperiod). It was observed that the combination of sodium bicarbonate with sodium chloride resulted in maximum pigment production recorded at the end of the experiments, and the use of the photoperiod led to increased pollutant removal (up to 90% of initial concentrations) and biomass concentration (950 mg/L). The composition of the microbial communities established during the experiments was also determined. It was observed that heterotrophic bacteria dominated by the phyla of Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, and Bacteroidota prevailed, while the cyanobacteria population showcased a dynamic behavior throughout the experiments, as it increased towards the end of cultivation (relative abundance of 10% and 30% under continuous illumination and photoperiod application, respectively). Overall, Arthrospira platensis-based cultivation proved to be an effective method of brewery wastewater treatment, although the large numbers of heterotrophic bacteria limit the usage of the produced biomass to applications such as biofuel and biofertilizer production.
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Perin G, Gambaro F, Morosinotto T. Knowledge of Regulation of Photosynthesis in Outdoor Microalgae Cultures Is Essential for the Optimization of Biomass Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:846496. [PMID: 35444673 PMCID: PMC9014180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a sustainable source of biomass that can be exploited for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic applications, as well as for food, feed, chemicals, and energy. To make microalgae applications economically competitive and maximize their positive environmental impact, it is however necessary to optimize productivity when cultivated at a large scale. Independently from the final product, this objective requires the optimization of biomass productivity and thus of microalgae ability to exploit light for CO2 fixation. Light is a highly variable environmental parameter, continuously changing depending on seasons, time of the day, and weather conditions. In microalgae large scale cultures, cell self-shading causes inhomogeneity in light distribution and, because of mixing, cells move between different parts of the culture, experiencing abrupt changes in light exposure. Microalgae evolved multiple regulatory mechanisms to deal with dynamic light conditions that, however, are not adapted to respond to the complex mixture of natural and artificial fluctuations found in large-scale cultures, which can thus drive to oversaturation of the photosynthetic machinery, leading to consequent oxidative stress. In this work, the present knowledge on the regulation of photosynthesis and its implications for the maximization of microalgae biomass productivity are discussed. Fast mechanisms of regulations, such as Non-Photochemical-Quenching and cyclic electron flow, are seminal to respond to sudden fluctuations of light intensity. However, they are less effective especially in the 1-100 s time range, where light fluctuations were shown to have the strongest negative impact on biomass productivity. On the longer term, microalgae modulate the composition and activity of the photosynthetic apparatus to environmental conditions, an acclimation response activated also in cultures outdoors. While regulation of photosynthesis has been investigated mainly in controlled lab-scale conditions so far, these mechanisms are highly impactful also in cultures outdoors, suggesting that the integration of detailed knowledge from microalgae large-scale cultivation is essential to drive more effective efforts to optimize biomass productivity.
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Laifa R, Morchain J, Barna L, Guiraud P. A numerical framework to predict the performances of a tubular photobioreactor from operating and sunlight conditions. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Culture Growth of the Cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. in Various Salinity and Light Regimes and Their Influence on Its Phycocyanin and Other Pigments Content. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9080798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A strain of the filamentous non N-fixing cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. isolated from the Messolonghi (W. Greece) saltworks, was cultured in the laboratory at six different combinations of salinity (20-40-60 ppt) and illumination (low-2000 lux and high-8000 lux). At salinities of 60 and 40 ppt and in high illumination (XL-8000 lux), the growth rate (μmax) presented the highest values (0.491 and 0.401, respectively) compared to the corresponding at 20 ppt (0.203). In general and at all salinities, the higher illumination (XL) gave the highest growth rates and shorter duplication time (tg) in comparison to the lower illumination (L). On the contrary, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin production was extremely increased in the lower illumination (L) in all salinities, from ~14 fold at 40 and 60 ppt to 269 fold at 20 ppt of those corresponding to higher illumination (XL). Similar analogies were also recorded for the other two billiproteins. Chlorophyll-a content was also higher in lower illumination at all salinities in contrast to total carotenoids that did not exhibit such a pattern. The high growth rate and high phycocyanin content along with the rapid sedimentation of its cultured biomass can set this marine Phormidium species as a promising candidate for mass culture.
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Tayebati H, Pajoum Shariati F, Soltani N, Sepasi Tehrani H. Effect of various light spectra on amino acids and pigment production of Arthrospira platensis using flat-plate photobioreactor. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34289777 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1941102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of nutrients derived from natural bioactive compounds application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is on the increase. This paper aimed to evaluate the amino acids profile (essential and non-essential) and pigments composition (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycocyanin) of Arthrospira platensis (a blue-green microalga) cultivation in a flat-plate photobioreactor under various types of light-emitting diodes (red: 620-680 nm, white: 380-780 nm, yellow: 570-600nm, blue: 445-480 nm). The maximum biomass concentration (604.96 mg L-1) occurred when the red LED was applied for cultivation, and the minimum biomass concentration (279.39 mg L-1) was obtained under blue LED. The sequence of pigments and amino acids concentrations (mg L-1culture volume) was approximately in accordance with the biomass productivity. It means the red light produces the maximum concentration of pigments (chlorophyll a: 5.42, carotenoids: 2.92, phycocyanin: 67.54 mg L-1) and amino acids (essential amino acids: 110.47, nonessential amino acids: 179.10 mg L-1). Nevertheless, when these values were measured in mg per g of dry weight, the utmost contents were observed in microalgal products cultivated under blue LED. These consequences are due to the highest cell productivity and the most extended length of cells that occurred under red and blue LEDs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Tayebati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soltani
- Department of Petroleum Microbiology, Institute of Applied Science, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessam Sepasi Tehrani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Liu H, Cao Y, Guo J, Xu X, Long Q, Song L, Xian M. Study on the isoprene-producing co-culture system of Synechococcus elongates-Escherichia coli through omics analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:6. [PMID: 33413404 PMCID: PMC7791884 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of microbial fermentations are currently performed in the batch or fed-batch manner with the high process complexity and huge water consumption. The continuous microbial production can contribute to the green sustainable development of the fermentation industry. The co-culture systems of photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species can play important roles in establishing the continuous fermentation mode for the bio-based chemicals production. RESULTS In the present paper, the co-culture system of Synechococcus elongates-Escherichia coli was established and put into operation stably for isoprene production. Compared with the axenic culture, the fermentation period of time was extended from 100 to 400 h in the co-culture and the isoprene production was increased to eightfold. For in depth understanding this novel system, the differential omics profiles were analyzed. The responses of BL21(DE3) to S. elongatus PCC 7942 were triggered by the oxidative pressure through the Fenton reaction and all these changes were linked with one another at different spatial and temporal scales. The oxidative stress mitigation pathways might contribute to the long-lasting fermentation process. The performance of this co-culture system can be further improved according to the fundamental rules discovered by the omics analysis. CONCLUSIONS The isoprene-producing co-culture system of S. elongates-E. coli was established and then analyzed by the omics methods. This study on the co-culture system of the model S. elongates-E. coli is of significance to reveal the common interactions between photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species without natural symbiotic relation, which could provide the scientific basis for rational design of microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yujin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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15
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Zhang S, Chen F, Pang H, Gao Y, Wen Y, Wang G. Observation of Spirulina platensis cultivation in a prototype household bubble column photobioreactor during 107 days. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Haiyue Pang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yanfen Gao
- Shenzhen Space Food Analysis and Test Center Co. Ltd, Shenzheng, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yonghuang Wen
- Shenzhen Ludebao Health Food Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Gueyhorng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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16
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Lima S, Schulze PSC, Schüler LM, Rautenberger R, Morales-Sánchez D, Santos TF, Pereira H, Varela JCS, Scargiali F, Wijffels RH, Kiron V. Flashing light emitting diodes (LEDs) induce proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments in three microalgae. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:15-24. [PMID: 33245925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the periodic emission of light pulses by light emitting diodes (LEDs) is known to stimulate growth or induce high value biocompounds in microalgae, this flashing light regime was tested on growth and biochemical composition of the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana, Koliella antarctica and Tetraselmis chui. At low flashing light frequencies (e.g., 5 and 50 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05), a strain-dependent growth inhibition and an accumulation of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chlorophyll or carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin) was observed. In addition, a 4-day application of low-frequency flashing light to concentrated cultures increased productivities of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and specific carotenoids up to three-fold compared to continuous or high frequency flashing light (500 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05). Therefore, applying low-frequency flashing light as finishing step in industrial production can increase protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids or pigment contents in biomass, leading to high-value algal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lima
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway; Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Lisa M Schüler
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Department of Algae Production, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Tamára F Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C S Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francesca Scargiali
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, Italy
| | - René H Wijffels
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway; Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway.
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Jeong D, Jang A. Exploration of microalgal species for simultaneous wastewater treatment and biofuel production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109772. [PMID: 32544724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal isolates obtained from stream water and wastewater treatment plant were examined to select a suitable microalgal species capable of simultaneously removing nutrient and producing biofuel. Ten isolates were identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing analysis and were determined to be green microalgae, belonging to phylum Chlorophyta. The highest nutrient removal rates of 8.1 mg-T-N/L-d and 1.6 mg-T-P/L-d were achieved by Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1810 under photo-autotrophic cultivation conditions. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition analysis was conducted to estimate biofuel quality using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry on the basis of the lipid content extracted from microalgal cell. The composition of FAME is mainly composed of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and heneicosanoic acid (C21:0). These results suggest that C. sorokiniana UTEX 1810 is a promising candidate for simultaneous removal of nutrient and biofuel production from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jeong
- Institute of Environmental Research, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Almomani F. Kinetic modeling of microalgae growth and CO 2 bio-fixation using central composite design statistical approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137594. [PMID: 32143050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The optimum growth (μ), CO2 bio-fixation (RCO2) rates and the energy ratio (ER) of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (C.v) were identified using central composite design statistical approach (CCD-SA). μ and RCO2 parameters including temperature of photobioreactor (TPBR), concentration of CO2 (CCO2 ), nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus), gas flow rate (Qgas), initial inoculum concentration (INden) and the solar light intensity (Itot) were considered. Results revealed mild operational conditions in the range 20-25 °C, CCO2 of 2.5-20% (v/v), Qgas of 0.5-0.8 vvm and Itot of 50-200 μE/m2·s would generate considerable μ and RCO2. The highest μ and RCO2 with a significant ER of 19.5 were generated under CCD-SA optimized parameters of T = 25 °C, CCO2 = 20%, Qgas = 0.5 ± 0.05 (Std. Dev. = 0.04) vvm, total inorganic nitrogen (TN) = 19 ± 2 (Std. Dev. = 0.1) mg-N/L, Total phosphorous = 7 ± 1 (Std. Dev. = 0.7) mg-P/L, COD = 20 ± 2 (Std. Dev. = 0.5) mg-COD/L, INden = 0.52 ± 0.01 (Std. Dev. = 0.05) mg/L and Itot = 150 ± 2(Std. Dev. = 0.6) μE/m2s). Microalgae technology can be considered as a promising technology for CO2 bio-fixation in a large scale with a sustainable value of the produced biomass for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Li LH, Li XY, Hong Y, Jiang MR, Lu SL. Use of microalgae for the treatment of black and odorous water: Purification effects and optimization of treatment conditions. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Schulze PS, Brindley C, Fernández JM, Rautenberger R, Pereira H, Wijffels RH, Kiron V. Flashing light does not improve photosynthetic performance and growth of green microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Gernigon V, Chekroun MA, Cockx A, Guiraud P, Morchain J. How Mixing and Light Heterogeneity Impact the Overall Growth Rate in Photobioreactors. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gernigon
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Mohammed A. Chekroun
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Arnaud Cockx
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Jérôme Morchain
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
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22
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Qin C, Wu J, Wang J. Synergy between flow and light fields and its applications to the design of mixers in microalgal photobioreactors. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:93. [PMID: 31044006 PMCID: PMC6477735 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixers are usually inserted into microalgal photobioreactors to generate vortices that can enhance light/dark cycles of algal cells and consequently enhance biomass productivity. However, existing mixer designs are usually developed using a trial-and-error approach that is largely based on the designer's experience. This approach is not knowledge-based, and thus little or no understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mixer design for mixing performance of photobioreactors is attained. Moreover, a large pumping cost usually accompanies mixer introduction, and this cost is not favorable for practical applications. This study aims to improve this situation. RESULTS In addition to the individual effects of flow and light fields, improving the synergy (coordination) between these fields may markedly enhance the L/D cycle frequency with a lower increase in pumping costs. Thus, the idea of synergy between flow and light fields is introduced to mixer design. Better synergy can be obtained if (a) the vortex core and L/D boundary are closer to each other and (b) the vortex whose core is too far from the L/D boundary is removed. The synergy idea has two types of applications. First, it can facilitate a better understanding of known numerical and experimental results about mixer addition. Second, and more importantly, the idea can help to develop new rules for mixer design. A helical mixer design is provided as a case study to demonstrate the importance and feasibility of the synergy idea. An effective method, i.e., decreasing the radial height of the helical mixer from the inner side, was found, by which the L/D cycle frequency was enhanced by 10.8% while the pumping cost was reduced by 23.8%. CONCLUSIONS The synergy idea may be stated as follows: the enhancement of L/D cycle frequency depends not only on the flow and light fields individually but also on their synergy. This idea can be used to enhance our understanding of some known phenomena that emerge by mixer addition. The idea also provides useful rules to design and optimize a mixer for a higher L/D cycle frequency with a lower increase in pumping costs, and these rules will find widespread applications in PBR design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
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23
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Almomani F, Al Ketife A, Judd S, Shurair M, Bhosale RR, Znad H, Tawalbeh M. Impact of CO 2 concentration and ambient conditions on microalgal growth and nutrient removal from wastewater by a photobioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:662-671. [PMID: 30703724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the release of nutrients from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are environmental issues linked to several impacts on ecosystems. Numerous technologies have been employed to resolves these issues, nonetheless, the cost and sustainability are still a concern. Recently, the use of microalgae appears as a cost-effective and sustainable solution because they can effectively uptake CO2 and nutrients resulting in biomass production that can be processed into valuable products. In this study single (Spirulina platensis (SP.PL) and mixed indigenous microalgae (MIMA) strains were employed, over a 20-month period, for simultaneous removal of CO2 from flue gases and nutrient from wastewater under ambient conditions of solar irradiation and temperature. The study was performed at a pilot scale photo-bioreactor and the effect of feed CO2 gas concentration in the range (2.5-20%) on microalgae growth and biomass production, carbon dioxide bio-fixation rate, and the removal of nutrients and organic matters from wastewater was assessed. The MIMA culture performed significantly better than the monoculture, especially with respect to growth and CO2 bio-fixation, during the mild season; against this, the performance was comparable during the hot season. Optimum performance was observed at 10% CO2 feed gas concentration, though MIMA was more temperature and CO2 concentration sensitive. MIMA also provided greater removal of COD and nutrients (~83% and >99%) than SP.PL under all conditions studied. The high biomass productivities and carbon bio-fixation rates (0.796-0.950 gdw·L-1·d-1 and 0.542-1.075 gC·L-1·d-1 contribute to the economic sustainability of microalgae as CO2 removal process. Consideration of operational energy revealed that there is a significant energy benefit from cooling to sustain the highest productivities on the basis of operating energy alone, particularly if the indigenous culture is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmed Al Ketife
- Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Simon Judd
- Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Mohamed Shurair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rahul R Bhosale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hussein Znad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Muhammad Tawalbeh
- Sustainable & Renewable Energy Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Qin C, Wu J. Influence of successive and independent arrangement of Kenics mixer units on light/dark cycle and energy consumption in a tubular microalgae photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Hosseini NS, Shang H, Scott JA. Increasing microalgal lipid productivity for conversion into biodiesel by using a non-energy consuming light guide. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Zhang D, Wen S, Wu X, Cong W. Effect of culture condition on the growth, biochemical composition and EPA production of alkaliphilic Nitzschia plea isolated in the Southeast of China. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:831-839. [PMID: 29508051 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the contamination in open pond, microalgal strain selection should focus on species with tolerability to extreme environments. In this study, a native alkaliphilic algae, diatom Nitzschia plea was obtained in Southeast of China, which could tolerate high concentration of NaHCO3 (0.15 mol/L) and high pH (> 10). The effects of initial pH, light intensity and temperature on cell growth, biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of N. plea were investigated. Results indicated its specific growth rate could reach 1.2 day-1, lipid content was in the range 14.6-30.2% of dry weight, eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA, C20:5) accounted for around 15% of total fatty acids. Alkalic condition benefited for both cell growth and EPA synthesis. Appropriately increasing light intensity and temperature could improve cell growth rate and lipid synthesis, although the proportion of EPA in total fatty acids decreased slightly. The optimal culture condition (pH 9.00, temperature 35.0 °C, light intensity 158.6 µmol/m2s) was suggested for maximum yield of EPA based on the response surface model. The overall biomass productivity and EPA productivity were 0.301 g/L/day and 7.43 mg/L/day, respectively. In conclusion, alkalic environment was helpful for the steady operation of open pond cultivation of N. plea with the characteristics of fast growth rate and high EPA content, which exhibited its commercial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shumei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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27
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Hu J, Nagarajan D, Zhang Q, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for pigment production: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Schulze PS, Guerra R, Pereira H, Schüler LM, Varela JC. Flashing LEDs for Microalgal Production. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1088-1101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Graham PJ, Nguyen B, Burdyny T, Sinton D. A penalty on photosynthetic growth in fluctuating light. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12513. [PMID: 28970553 PMCID: PMC5624943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating light is the norm for photosynthetic organisms, with a wide range of frequencies (0.00001 to 10 Hz) owing to diurnal cycles, cloud cover, canopy shifting and mixing; with broad implications for climate change, agriculture and bioproduct production. Photosynthetic growth in fluctuating light is generally considered to improve with increasing fluctuation frequency. Here we demonstrate that the regulation of photosynthesis imposes a penalty on growth in fluctuating light for frequencies in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz (organisms studied: Synechococcus elongatus and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). We provide a comprehensive sweep of frequencies and duty cycles. In addition, we develop a 2nd order model that identifies the source of the penalty to be the regulation of the Calvin cycle – present at all frequencies but compensated at high frequencies by slow kinetics of RuBisCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percival J Graham
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Nguyen
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada.
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30
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Wang Y, Ho SH, Cheng CL, Nagarajan D, Guo WQ, Lin C, Li S, Ren N, Chang JS. Nutrients and COD removal of swine wastewater with an isolated microalgal strain Neochloris aquatica CL-M1 accumulating high carbohydrate content used for biobutanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 242:7-14. [PMID: 28377203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a carbohydrate-rich microalga Neochloris aquatica CL-M1 was adapted to grow in swine wastewater. The effects of cultivation conditions (i.e., temperature, light intensity or N/P ratio) on COD/nutrients removal and carbohydrate-rich biomass production were investigated. The results indicate that the highest COD removal (81.7%) and NH3-N removal (96.2%) was achieved at 150µmolm-2s-1 light intensity, 25°C and N/P ratio=1.5/1. The highest biomass concentration and carbohydrate content was 6.10gL-1 and 50.46%, respectively, when N/P ratio=5/1. The resulting carbohydrate-rich microalgal biomass was pretreated and used as a feedstock for butanol fermentation. With the initial sugar concentration of 48.7gL-1 glucose and 3.4gL-1 xylose in the pretreated biomass, the butanol concentration, yield, and productivity were 12.0gL-1, 0.60molmol-1 sugar, and 0.89gL-1h-1, respectively, indicating the high potential of using Neochloris aquatica CL-M1 for butanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chieh-Lun Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chiayi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Internally illuminated photobioreactor using a novel type of light-emitting diode (LED) bar for cultivation of Arthrospira platensis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Huang J, Ying J, Fan F, Yang Q, Wang J, Li Y. Development of a novel multi-column airlift photobioreactor with easy scalability by means of computational fluid dynamics simulations and experiments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:399-407. [PMID: 27744241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to culture algae with high efficiency, a novel vertical multi-column airlift photobioreactor (VMAPBR) has been developed. It was constructed with a series of vertically arranged parallel columns with easy scalability. The hydrodynamic, irradiation and shear stress characteristics of the photobioreactor were studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Accordingly, the optimal aeration manner and aeration rate were determined. When the novel airlift PBR was alternately aerated with aeration rate of 0.2vvm, the biomass concentration of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under outdoor condition reached 1.30gL-1 within the prototype PBR and was further increased to 1.56gL-1 within the optimized PBR. The result of cultivation experiment had good agreement with that of CFD prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiangguo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Fei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qijian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- JiaxingZeyuan Bio-products Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314007, PR China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Scenedesmus dimorphus biofilm: Photoefficiency and biomass production under intermittent lighting. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32305. [PMID: 27561323 PMCID: PMC4999893 DOI: 10.1038/srep32305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of intermittent lighting on the growth performances of a Scenedesmus dimorphus biofilm. Flashing light effect (FLE) is common in traditional suspended cultures of microalgae; yet, publications about this phenomenon, in the context of biofilm cultivation, are scarce. In this work we demonstrate that, thanks to intermittent illumination, it is possible for attached cultivations to fulfill FLE, improve photoefficiency and productivity as well as providing protection from photoinhibition using much lower flashing light frequencies than those usually required with suspended cultures. Medium frequency intermittent lighting (0.1 Hz) guaranteed excellent light integration resulting in 9.13 g m−2 d−1 biomass productivity, which was 8.9% higher than with continuous lighting. Results showed that a light fraction value of 0.5 always improved photoefficiency values as related to continuous light with a 118.8% maximum increase.
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Socher ML, Löser C, Schott C, Bley T, Steingroewer J. The challenge of scaling up photobioreactors: Modeling and approaches in small scale. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Socher
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Löser
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Carolin Schott
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Zhu X, Wang J, Chen Q, Chen G, Huang Y, Yang Z. Costs and trade-offs of grazer-induced defenses in Scenedesmus under deficient resource. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22594. [PMID: 26932369 PMCID: PMC4773859 DOI: 10.1038/srep22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The green alga Scenedesmus obliquus can form inducible defensive morphs under grazing threat. Costs and trade-offs of inducible defense are expected to accompany the benefits of defensive morphs, but are hard to detect under nutrient-sufficient experimental conditions. To test the existence of costs associated with inducible defense, we cultured S. obliquus along resource availability gradients in the presence or absence of infochemical cues from Daphnia, and measured the strength of defensive colony formation and fitness characters. Under the lowest phosphorous concentration, the expression of inducible defensive colony resulted in decreased growth rate, which provides direct evidence for physiological costs. Along the gradient reduction of phosphorous concentration or light intensity, inducible defense in S. obliquus showed a decreasing trend. However, the photosynthetic efficiency of S. obliquus was barely affected by its defense responses, suggesting that the negative correlations between resource availability and colony formation of this alga may be due to resource-based trade-offs in the allocation of limited resources. Thus, our results indicated that expression of inducible defense of S. obliquus was impaired under insufficient phosphorus or light. Furthermore, under severe phosphate deficiency, obvious physiological costs of inducible defense could be detected even though defensive colony formation also decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinwen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Abu-Ghosh S, Fixler D, Dubinsky Z, Iluz D. Flashing light in microalgae biotechnology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:357-363. [PMID: 26747205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flashing light can enhance photosynthesis and improve the quality and quantity of microalgal biomass, as it can increase the products of interest by magnitudes. Therefore, the integration of flashing light effect into microalgal cultivation systems should be considered. However, microalgae require a balanced mix of the light/dark cycle for higher growth rates, and respond to light intensity differently according to the pigments acquired or lost during the growth. This review highlights recently published results on flashing light effect on microalgae and its applications in biotechnology, as well as the recently developed bioreactors designed to fulfill this effect. It also discusses how this knowledge can be applied in selecting the optimal light frequencies and intensities with specific technical properties for increasing biomass production and/or the yield of the chemicals of interest by microalgae belonging to different genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - David Iluz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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38
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Xie L, Zhou L, Liu T, Xu X. Degradation of disperse blue 2BLN by oleaginous C. sorokiniana XJK. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an oil-producing freshwater microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana XJK was identified and used for the degradation of disperse blue 2BLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- People's Republic of China
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39
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Zhang Q, Xue S, Yan C, Wu X, Wen S, Cong W. Installation of flow deflectors and wing baffles to reduce dead zone and enhance flashing light effect in an open raceway pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:150-156. [PMID: 26386417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the dead zone and enhance the flashing light effect, a novel open raceway pond with flow deflectors and wing baffles was developed. The hydrodynamics and light characteristics in the novel open raceway pond were investigated using computational fluid dynamics. Results showed that, compared with the control pond, pressure loss in the flow channel of the pond with optimized flow deflectors decreased by 14.58%, average fluid velocity increased by 26.89% and dead zone decreased by 60.42%. With wing baffles built into the raceway pond, significant swirling flow was produced. Moreover, the period of average L/D cycle was shortened. In outdoor cultivation of freshwater Chlorella sp., the biomass concentration of Chlorella sp. cultivated in the raceway pond with wing baffles was 30.11% higher than that of the control pond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengzhang Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenghu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xia Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shumei Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Cong
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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40
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Application of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in cultivation of phototrophic microalgae: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1077-1088. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Graham PJ, Riordon J, Sinton D. Microalgae on display: a microfluidic pixel-based irradiance assay for photosynthetic growth. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3116-24. [PMID: 26085371 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biofuel is an emerging sustainable energy resource. Photosynthetic growth is heavily dependent on irradiance, therefore photobioreactor design optimization requires comprehensive screening of irradiance variables, such as intensity, time variance and spectral composition. Here we present a microfluidic irradiance assay which leverages liquid crystal display technology to provide multiplexed screening of irradiance conditions on growth. An array of 238 microreactors are operated in parallel with identical chemical environments. The approach is demonstrated by performing three irradiance assays. The first assay evaluates the effect of intensity on growth, quantifying saturating intensity. The second assay quantifies the influence of time-varied intensity and the threshold frequency for growth. Lastly, the coupled influence of red-blue spectral composition and intensity is assessed. Each multiplexed assay is completed within three days. In contrast, completing the same number of experiments using conventional incubation flasks would require several years. Not only does our approach enable more rapid screening, but the short optical path avoids self-shading issues inherent to flask based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percival J Graham
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
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42
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Zhou Q, Zhang P, Zhang G, Peng M. Biomass and pigments production in photosynthetic bacteria wastewater treatment: Effects of photoperiod. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:196-200. [PMID: 25958142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at enhancing the bacterial biomass and pigments production in together with pollution removal in photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment via using different photoperiods. Different light/dark cycles and light/dark cycle frequencies were examined. Results showed that PSB had the highest biomass production, COD removal and biomass yield, and light energy efficiency with light/dark cycle of 2h/1h. The corresponding biomass, COD removal and biomass yield reached 2068mg/L, 90.3%, and 0.38mg-biomass/mg-COD-removal, respectively. PSB showed higher biomass production and biomass yield with higher light/dark cycle frequency. Mechanism analysis showed within a light/dark cycle from 1h/2h to 2h/1h, the carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll production increased with an increase in light/dark cycle. Moreover, the pigment contents were much higher with lower frequency of 2-4 times/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Meng Peng
- School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China.
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Choi YK, Kumaran RS, Jeon HJ, Song HJ, Yang YH, Lee SH, Song KG, Kim KJ, Singh V, Kim HJ. LED light stress induced biomass and fatty acid production in microalgal biosystem, Acutodesmus obliquus. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:245-253. [PMID: 25791881 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial algal system can serve as a potential source for the production of much high value bioproducts and biofuels. The quality and intensity of light are the key elements to optimize the production of algal biomass and fatty acid contents. This study presents the effect of differential LED flashing light conditions on the growth of microalgae, Acutodesmus obliquus. The induced light stress was optimized for its biomass and fatty acid content. The microalgae are exposed to various frequency of intermittent LED flashing light (blue and red lights) at three different phases in the 18 day cell growth (log, lag and stationary phase). The frequency of light flashing rate was adjusted to 120, 10, 5, 3.75, and 1 times per min. The effect of light stress on growth and fatty acids composition of A. obliquus induced an increase in algae growth and fatty acid production. Different optimal timing for light stress was subjected to elucidate the effect of light stress on algae growth and fatty acid production. The results showed an increase in the algae growth (1.2mg/L of chl a content) under light stress condition at FT10 (flashing time, 10 times per min) from the initial day (log phase) compared with the control experiment (0.4 mg/L of chl a content). However, the total fatty acids (71 mg/g) and volumetric FAME production (9.4 ml/l) level was found to be significant under FT5 (flashing time, 5 times per min), adopting flashing light from day 10 (stationary phase). TEM studies also revealed the deposition of lipid to be largest in the 18 day old cells under flashing light (FT5) condition, representing maximum accumulation of lipids bodies (up to 770 nm diameter in particle size) occupying approximately 42% of the total area of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangarajulu Senthil Kumaran
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jin Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Guen Song
- Water Environment Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang-Gu, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Kim
- Urban Agriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-440, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Huang J, Feng F, Wan M, Ying J, Li Y, Qu X, Pan R, Shen G, Li W. Improving performance of flat-plate photobioreactors by installation of novel internal mixers optimized with computational fluid dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:151-159. [PMID: 25689309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel mixer was developed to improve the performance of flat-plate photobioreactors (PBRs). The effects of mixer were theoretically evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) according to radial velocity of fluid and light/dark cycles within reactors. The structure parameters, including the riser width, top clearance, clearance between the baffles and walls, and number of the chambers were further optimized. The microalgae culture test aiming at validating the simulated results was conducted indoor. The results showed the maximum biomass concentrations in the optimized and archetype reactors were 32.8% (0.89 g L(-1)) and 19.4% (0.80 g L(-1)) higher than that in the control reactor (0.67 g L(-1)). Therefore, the novel mixer can significantly increase the fluid velocity along the light attenuation and light/dark cycles, thus further increased the maximum biomass concentration. The PBRs with novel mixers are greatly applicable for high-efficiency cultivation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Minxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiangguo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ronghua Pan
- JiaxingZeyuan Bio-products Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314007, PR China
| | - Guomin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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45
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Xie Y, Jin Y, Zeng X, Chen J, Lu Y, Jing K. Fed-batch strategy for enhancing cell growth and C-phycocyanin production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis under phototrophic cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:281-7. [PMID: 25618497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The C-phycocyanin generated in blue-green algae Arthrospira platensis is gaining commercial interest due to its nutrition and healthcare value. In this study, the light intensity and initial biomass concentration were manipulated to improve cell growth and C-phycocyanin production of A.platensis in batch cultivation. The results show that low light intensity and high initial biomass concentration led to increased C-phycocyanin accumulation. The best C-phycocyanin productivity occurred when light intensity and initial biomass concentration were 300μmol/m(2)/s and 0.24g/L, respectively. The fed-batch cultivation proved to be an effective strategy to further enhance C-phycocyanin production of A.platensis. The results indicate that C-phycocyanin accumulation not only requires nitrogen-sufficient condition, but also needs other nutrients. The highest C-phycocyanin content (16.1%), production (1034mg/L) and productivity (94.8mg/L/d) were obtained when using fed-batch strategy with 5mM medium feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Xie
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiwen Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Keju Jing
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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46
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Effect of Monochromatic Light Emitting Diode on the Growth of Four Microalgae Species (Chlorella vulgaris, Nitzschia sp., Phaeodactylum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7837/kosomes.2015.21.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Wang SK, Stiles AR, Guo C, Liu CZ. Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors: An overview of light characteristics. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Amanda R. Stiles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; University of California; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Chen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Chun-Zhao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
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48
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Socher ML, Lenk F, Geipel K, Schott C, Püschel J, Haas C, Grasse C, Bley T, Steingroewer J. Phototrophic growth ofArthrospira platensisin a respiration activity monitoring system for shake flasks (RAMOS®). Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Socher
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Felix Lenk
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Katja Geipel
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Carolin Schott
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Joachim Püschel
- Department of Biology; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Christiane Haas
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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49
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Liao Q, Li L, Chen R, Zhu X. A novel photobioreactor generating the light/dark cycle to improve microalgae cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:186-191. [PMID: 24704839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel tubular photobioreactor with the outer surface periodically shaded by the light-shielding material at pre-set interval was developed. Such design forms periodic light and dark regions along tubular photobioreactor, which creates controllable light/dark cycle and favours the microalgae growth. Experimental results showed that the developed photobioreactor was beneficial for the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and a higher light-to-biomass conversion efficiency was achieved. The effects of the frequency of the light/dark cycle and light intensity on the microalgae cultivation were also investigated. It was revealed that this new design could greatly enhance the photosynthetic efficiency. As compared to conventional photobioreactors, the average biomass productivity could be increased by 21.6±2.1% when the frequency of created artificial light/dark cycle was set at 100Hz. The photobioreactor developed in this work enables an efficient light-to-biomass conversion and provides a viable and promising vision for large-scale outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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50
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Huang J, Li Y, Wan M, Yan Y, Feng F, Qu X, Wang J, Shen G, Li W, Fan J, Wang W. Novel flat-plate photobioreactors for microalgae cultivation with special mixers to promote mixing along the light gradient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 159:8-16. [PMID: 24632435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel flat-plate photobioreactors (PBRs) with special mixers (type-a, type-b, and type-c) were designed based on increased mixing degree along the light gradient. The hydrodynamic and light regime characteristic of the novel PBRs were investigated through computational fluid dynamics. Compared with the control reactor without mixer, the novel reactors can effectively increase liquid velocity along the light gradient, the frequency of light/dark (L/D) cycles, and the algal growth rates of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The maximum biomass concentrations in type-a, type-b, and type-c reactors were 42.9% (1.3 g L(-1)), 31.9% (1.2 g L(-1)), and 20.9% (1.1 g L(-1)) higher than that in the control reactor (0.91 g L(-1)), respectively, at an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm. Correlation analysis of algal growth rate with the characteristics of mixing and light regime shows the key factors affecting algal photoautotrophic growth are liquid velocity along the light gradient and L/D cycles rather than the macro-mixing degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Minxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiaxing Zeyuan Bio-products Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314007, PR China
| | - Guomin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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