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Jadav M, Solanki R, Patel S, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Development of thiolated xanthan gum-stearylamine conjugate based mucoadhesive system for the delivery of biochanin-A to melanoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128693. [PMID: 38092110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, instead of creating new active compounds, scientists have been working to increase the bioavailability and residence time of existing drugs by modifying the characteristics of the delivery systems. In the present study, a novel mucoadhesive bioconjugate (SN-XG-SH) was synthesized by functionalizing a polysaccharide xanthan gum (XG) with cysteamine hydrochloride (CYS) and a lipid stearylamine (SN). FTIR, CHNS and 1H NMR studies confirmed the successful synthesis of SN-XG-SH. Mucoadhesion of the thiolated XG was enhanced and evaluated by different methods. Disulfide bond formation between thiolated XG and skin mucus enhances mucoadhesive behavior. The mucoadhesive bioconjugate was used to prepare nanoparticles for the delivery of hydrophobic biochanin-A (Bio-A) for the treatment of melanoma. The thiolated xanthan gum nanoparticles also demonstrated high drug entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release, and high storage stability. The drug loaded nanoparticles (Bio-A@TXNPs) significantly improved the cytotoxicity of Bio-A against human epidermoid cancer cells (A431 cells) by inducing apoptosis and changing mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, thiolation of XG improves its mucoadhesive properties and prolongs the release of Bio-A. Thus, thiolated XG conjugate has a high potential for use as a bioadhesive agent in controlled and localised delivery of drugs in different skin diseases including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Jadav
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India.
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2
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Chang J, Yu B, Saltzman WM, Girardi M. Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Delivery System for Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100197. [PMID: 37205301 PMCID: PMC10186617 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) as a therapeutic delivery system has expanded markedly over the past decade, particularly regarding applications targeting the skin. The delivery of NP-based therapeutics to the skin requires special consideration owing to its role as both a physical and immunologic barrier, and specific technologies must not only take into consideration the target but also the pathway of delivery. The unique challenge this poses has been met with the development of a wide panel of NP-based technologies meant to precisely address these considerations. In this review article, we describe the application of NP-based technologies for drug delivery targeting the skin, summarize the types of NPs, and discuss the current landscape of NPs for skin cancer prevention and skin cancer treatment as well as future directions within these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beverly Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Shinde P, Page A, Bhattacharya S. Ethosomes and their monotonous effects on Skin cancer disruption. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1087413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prominent diseases, affecting all continents worldwide, and has shown a significant rise in mortality and prevalence. Conventional therapy, including chemotherapy and surgery, has a few drawbacks. The ethosomal systems would be thoroughly reviewed in this compilation, and they would be classified based on constituents: classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. Ethosomes systems are model lipid vesicular carriers with a substantial portion of ethanol. The impacts of ethosomal system components, preparation techniques, and their major roles in selecting the final characteristics of these nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed in this chapter. The special techniques for ethosomes, including the cold approach, hot approach, injection method, mechanical dispersion method, and conventional method, are explained in this chapter. Various evaluation parameters of ethosomes were also explained. Furthermore, ethosomal gels, patches, and creams can be emphasised as innovative pharmaceutical drug formulations. Some hybrid ethosomal vesicles possessing combinatorial cancer therapy using nanomedicine could overcome the current drug resistance of specific cancer cells. Through the use of repurpose therapy, phytoconstituents may be delivered more effectively. A wide range of in vivo models are employed to assess their effectiveness. Ethosomes have provided numerous potential skin cancer therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Marzi M, Osanloo M, Vakil MK, Mansoori Y, Ghasemian A, Dehghan A, Zarenezhad E. Applications of Metallic Nanoparticles in the Skin Cancer Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2346941. [PMID: 36420097 PMCID: PMC9678447 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2346941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of leading cancers globally, divided into two major categories including melanoma and nonmelanoma. Skin cancer is a global concern with an increasing trend, hence novel therapies are essential. The local treatment strategies play a key role in skin cancer therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs) exert potential applications in medicine with huge advantages and have the ability to overcome common chemotherapy problems. Recently, NPs have been used in nanomedicine as promising drug delivery systems. They can enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, improve pharmacokinetic properties, modify bioavailability, and reduce drug metabolism. The high-efficient, nontoxic, low-cost, and specific cancer therapy is a promising goal, which can be achieved by the development of nanotechnology. Metallic NPs (MNPs) can act as important platforms. MNPs development seeks to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of medicines through site specificity, prevention of multidrug resistance, and effective delivery of therapeutic factors. MNPs are used as potential arms in the case of cancer recognition, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and colloidal mediators for magnetic hyperthermia of cancer. The applications of MNPs in the cancer treatment studies are mostly due to their potential to carry a large dose of drug, resulting in a high concentration of anticancer drugs at the target site. Therefore, off-target toxicity and suffering side effects caused by high concentration of the drug in other parts of the body are avoided. MNPs have been applied as drug carriers for the of improvement of skin cancer treatment and drug delivery. The development of MNPs improves the results of many cancer treatments. Different types of NPs, such as inorganic and organic NPs have been investigated in vitro and in vivo for the skin cancer therapy. MNPs advantages mostly include biodegradability, electrostatic charge, good biocompatibility, high drug payload, and low toxicity. However, the use of controlled-release systems stimulated by electromagnetic waves, temperature, pH, and light improves the accumulation in tumor tissues and improves therapeutic outcomes. This study (2019-2022) is aimed at reviewing applications of MNPs in the skin cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Marzi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elham Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Skok K, Zidarič T, Orthaber K, Pristovnik M, Kostevšek N, Rožman KŽ, Šturm S, Gradišnik L, Maver U, Maver T. Novel Methacrylate-Based Multilayer Nanofilms with Incorporated FePt-Based Nanoparticles and the Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil for Skin Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040689. [PMID: 35456523 PMCID: PMC9024491 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite medical advances, skin-associated disorders continue to pose a unique challenge to physicians worldwide. Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, with more than one million new cases reported each year. Currently, surgical excision is its primary treatment; however, this can be impractical or even contradictory in certain situations. An interesting potential alternative could lie in topical treatment solutions. The goal of our study was to develop novel multilayer nanofilms consisting of a combination of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA), polyhydroxypropyl methacrylate (PHPMA), sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) with incorporated superparamagnetic iron–platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs), and the potent anticancer drug (5-fluorouracil), for theranostic skin cancer treatment. All multilayer systems were prepared by spin-coating and characterised by atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The magnetic properties of the incorporated FePt NPs were evaluated using magnetisation measurement, while their size was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Drug release performance was tested in vitro, and formulation safety was evaluated on human-skin-derived fibroblasts. Finally, the efficacy for skin cancer treatment was tested on our own basal-cell carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristijan Skok
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II, Location West, Göstinger Straße 22, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Zidarič
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Kristjan Orthaber
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Matevž Pristovnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Nina Kostevšek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.K.); (K.Ž.R.); (S.Š.)
| | - Kristina Žužek Rožman
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.K.); (K.Ž.R.); (S.Š.)
| | - Sašo Šturm
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.K.); (K.Ž.R.); (S.Š.)
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (U.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tina Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.S.); (T.Z.); (K.O.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (U.M.); (T.M.)
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Ilyas RA, Aisyah HA, Nordin AH, Ngadi N, Zuhri MYM, Asyraf MRM, Sapuan SM, Zainudin ES, Sharma S, Abral H, Asrofi M, Syafri E, Sari NH, Rafidah M, Zakaria SZS, Razman MR, Majid NA, Ramli Z, Azmi A, Bangar SP, Ibrahim R. Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Chitosan, Chitosan Blends and Their Nanocomposites for Various Advanced Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050874. [PMID: 35267697 PMCID: PMC8912483 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been much effort to provide eco-friendly and biodegradable materials for the next generation of composite products owing to global environmental concerns and increased awareness of renewable green resources. This review article uniquely highlights the use of green composites from natural fiber, particularly with regard to the development and characterization of chitosan, natural-fiber-reinforced chitosan biopolymer, chitosan blends, and chitosan nanocomposites. Natural fiber composites have a number of advantages such as durability, low cost, low weight, high specific strength, non-abrasiveness, equitably good mechanical properties, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Findings revealed that chitosan is a natural fiber that falls to the animal fiber category. As it has a biomaterial form, chitosan can be presented as hydrogels, sponges, film, and porous membrane. There are different processing methods in the preparation of chitosan composites such as solution and solvent casting, dipping and spray coating, freeze casting and drying, layer-by-layer preparation, and extrusion. It was also reported that the developed chitosan-based composites possess high thermal stability, as well as good chemical and physical properties. In these regards, chitosan-based “green” composites have wide applicability and potential in the industry of biomedicine, cosmetology, papermaking, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.H.N.); (N.N.)
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.A.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.Y.M.Z.)
| | - Humaira Alias Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (E.S.Z.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.A.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.Y.M.Z.)
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.H.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.H.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (E.S.Z.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.A.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.Y.M.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Salit Mohd Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (E.S.Z.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Edi Syams Zainudin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (E.S.Z.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144603, India;
| | - Hairul Abral
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia;
| | - Mochamad Asrofi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Edi Syafri
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh 26271, West Sumatra, Indonesia;
| | - Nasmi Herlina Sari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia;
| | - Mazlan Rafidah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria
- Research Centre for Environment, Economic and Social Sustainability (KASES), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.Z.S.Z.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Muhammad Rizal Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nuriah Abd Majid
- Research Centre for Environment, Economic and Social Sustainability (KASES), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.Z.S.Z.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Zuliskandar Ramli
- Institute of the Malay World and Civilisation (ATMA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ashraf Azmi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA;
| | - Rushdan Ibrahim
- Pulp and Paper Branch, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Kaur H, Kesharwani P. Advanced nanomedicine approaches applied for treatment of skin carcinoma. J Control Release 2021; 337:589-611. [PMID: 34364919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin-cancer is the commonest malignancy affecting huge proportion of the population, reaching heights in terms of morbidity. The treatment strategies are presently focusing on surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which eventually cause destruction to unaffected cells. To overcome this limitation, wide range of nanoscaled materials have been recognized as potential carriers for delivering selective response to cancerous cells and neoplasms. Nanotechnological approach has been tremendously exploited in several areas, owing to their functional nanometric dimensions. The alarming incidence of skin cancer engenders burdensome effects worldwide, which is further awakening innovational medicinal approaches, accompanying target specific drug delivery tools for coveted benefits to provide reduced toxicity and tackle proliferative episodes of skin cancer. The developed nanosystems for anti-cancer agents include liposomes, ethosomes, nanofibers, solid lipid nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit pronounced outcomes for skin carcinoma. In this review, skin cancer with its sub-types is explained in nutshell, followed by compendium of specific nanotechnological tools presented, in addition to therapeutic applications of drug-loaded nano systems for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Corrigendum to "Drug Delivery Nanoparticles in Skin Cancers". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6158298. [PMID: 33644227 PMCID: PMC7902146 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6158298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ta Q, Ting J, Harwood S, Browning N, Simm A, Ross K, Olier I, Al-Kassas R. Chitosan nanoparticles for enhancing drugs and cosmetic components penetration through the skin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 160:105765. [PMID: 33607243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CT NPs) have attractive biomedical applications due to their unique properties. This present research aimed at development of chitosan nanoparticles to be used as skin delivery systems for cosmetic components and drugs and to track their penetration behaviour through pig skin. CT NPs were prepared by ionic gelation technique using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Acacia as crosslinkers. The particle sizes of NPs appeared to be dependent on the molecular weight of chitosan and concentration of both chitosan and crosslinkers. CT NPs were positively charged as demonstrated by their Zeta potential values. The formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. Both SEM and TEM micrographs showed that both CT-Acacia and CT:TPP NPs were smooth, spherical in shape and are distributed uniformly with a size range of 200nm to 300 nm. The CT:TPP NPs retained an average of 98% of the added water over a 48-hour period. CT-Acacia NPs showed high moisture absorption but lower moisture retention capacity, which indicates their competency to entrap polar actives in cosmetics and release the encapsulated actives in low polarity skin conditions. The cytotoxicity studies using MTT assay showed that CT NPs made using TPP or Acacia crosslinkers were similarly non-toxic to the human dermal fibroblast cells. Cellular uptake study of NPs observed using live-cell imaging microscopy, proving the great cellular internalisation of CT:TPP NPs and CT-Acacia NPs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that CT NPs of particle size 530nm containing fluorescein sodium salt as a marker were able to penetrate through the pig skin and gather in the dermis layer. These results show that CT NPs have the ability to deliver the actives and cosmetic components through the skin and to be used as cosmetics and dermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Ta
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jessica Ting
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Sophie Harwood
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Nicola Browning
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Alan Simm
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ivan Olier
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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10
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Dasari S, Yedjou CG, Brodell RT, Cruse AR, Tchounwou PB. Therapeutic strategies and potential implications of silver nanoparticles in the management of skin cancer. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2020; 9:1500-1521. [PMID: 33912377 PMCID: PMC8078871 DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer (SC) is the most common carcinoma affecting 3 million people annually in the United States and millions of people worldwide. It is classified as melanoma SC (MSC) and non-melanoma SC (NMSC). NMSC represents approximately 80% of SC and includes squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. MSC, however, has a higher mortality rate than SC because of its ability to metastasize. SC is a major health problem in the United States with significant morbidity and mortality in the Caucasian population. Treatment options for SC include cryotherapy, excisional surgery, Mohs surgery, curettage and electrodessication, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment is chosen based on the type of SC and the potential for side effects. Novel targeted therapies are being used with increased frequency for large tumors and for metastatic disease. A scoping literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cancer Registry websites revealed that traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have little effect against SC after the cancer has metastasized. Following an overview of SC biology, epidemiology, and treatment options, this review focuses on the mechanisms of advanced technologies that use silver nanoparticles in SC treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloam Dasari
- Department of Biology, Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Allison R. Cruse
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
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Fu Q, Yan Q, Lv L, Fu H. Magnetic self-healing nanocomposite material introduced by thiol-epoxy click reaction. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Chi YF, Qin JJ, Li Z, Ge Q, Zeng WH. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-gold nanoparticles-mediated photodynamic therapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2020; 53:e8457. [PMID: 32348428 PMCID: PMC7205413 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20208457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the conjugation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) could enhance the anti-tumor efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in epidermoid carcinoma cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay, and migration assay, respectively. Singlet oxygen generation was detected by the singlet oxygen sensor green reagent assay. Our results showed that PDT with 5-ALA and GNPs-conjugated 5-ALA (5-ALA-GNPs) significantly suppressed cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and singlet oxygen generation in both HaCat and A431 cells, and PDT with 5-ALA and 5-ALA-GNPs had more profound effects in A431 cells than that in HaCat cells. More importantly, 5-ALA-GNPs treatment potentiated the effects of PDT on cell viability, cell apoptosis, and singlet oxygen generation in A431 cells compared to 5-ALA treatment. Further in vitro assays showed that PDT with 5-ALA-GNPs significantly decreased expression of STAT3 and Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax in A431 cells compared with PDT with 5-ALA. In addition, 5-ALA-GNPs treatment enhanced the inhibitory effects of PDT on cell invasion and migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in A431 cells compared to 5-ALA treatment. In conclusion, our results suggested that GNPs conjugated to 5-ALA significantly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of PDT in A431 cells, which may represent a better strategy to improve the outcomes of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-fei Chi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-jing Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Forest Industry Worker Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Wei-hui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Csányi E, Bakonyi M, Kovács A, Budai-Szűcs M, Csóka I, Berkó S. Development of Topical Nanocarriers for Skin Cancer Treatment Using Quality by Design Approach. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6440-6458. [PMID: 30444194 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181116143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most compelling medical challenges of this century is the treatment of cancer and among them, skin cancer is the most common type. Thus, current treatments need to be renewed continuously to handle this challenge. OBJECTIVE This review presents considerations which can be employed during the development of nanosized formulations dedicated to the topical treatment of skin cancer. We aimed to collect and organize literature data on the treatment options for skin cancer in order to determine the required quality attributes of an effective dermal anticancer formulation. METHOD With the consideration of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach related to the development of new pharmaceutical formulations, a cost-saving process ensuring a high-quality product taking into account patient expectations, industrial and regulatory aspects can be achieved. Furthermore, this concept is highly recommended by regulatory agencies. RESULTS Our work discusses the current therapies, active agents, drug carrier systems, and evaluation methods in connection with the treatment of skin cancer and outlines Critical Quality Attributes which need to be considered during the development of a nanosized dermal anticancer formulation. CONCLUSION The first part of this review summarizes the most important topical treatment therapies for skin cancer and highlights the future therapeutic perspectives, focusing on the benefits of nanotechnology and dermal administration. The second part outlines the critical points of nanosized dermal anticancer formulation development in the view of QbD approach. Our research emphasizes the application of QbD method for a rationalized and more effective anticancer formulation development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Csányi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Mónika Bakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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14
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Nanoparticles in dermatologic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 83:1144-1149. [PMID: 30991121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging branch of science that involves the engineering of functional systems on the nanoscale (1-100 nm). Nanotechnology has been used in biomedical and therapeutic agents with the aim of providing novel treatment solutions where small molecule size may be beneficial for modulation of biologic function. Recent investigation in nanomedicine has become increasingly important to cutaneous pathophysiology, such as functional designs directed towards skin cancers and wound healing. This review outlines the application of nanoparticles relevant to dermatologic surgery.
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15
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Divya, Kaur G. Stimulus Sensitive Smart Nanoplatforms: An Emerging Paradigm for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:295-311. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190123125813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Over the past century, the prevalence of skin diseases has substantially increased. These diseases present a significant physical, emotional and socio-economic burden to the society. Such conditions are also associated with a multitude of psychological traumas to the suffering patients. The effective treatment strategy implicates targeting of drugs to the skin. The field of drug targeting has been revolutionized with the advent of nanotechnology. The emergence of stimulus-responsive nanoplatforms has provided remarkable control over fundamental polymer properties for external triggers. This enhanced control has empowered pioneering approaches in the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
Objective:
Our aim was to investigate the studies on smart nanoplatforms that exploit the altered skin physiology under diseased conditions and provide site-specific controlled drug delivery.
Method:
All literature search regarding the advances in stimulus sensitive smart nanoplatforms for skin diseases was done using Google Scholar and Pubmed.
Conclusion:
Various stimuli explored lately for such nano platforms are pH, temperature, light and magnet. Although, the scientists have actively taken up this research topic but there are still certain lacunaes associated which have been discussed in this review. Further, an interdisciplinary collaboration between the healthcare providers and pharmacists is a pivotal requirement for such systems to be available for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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16
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Carter P, Narasimhan B, Wang Q. Biocompatible nanoparticles and vesicular systems in transdermal drug delivery for various skin diseases. Int J Pharm 2019; 555:49-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Petrilli R, Eloy JO, Saggioro FP, Chesca DL, de Souza MC, Dias MVS, daSilva LLP, Lee RJ, Lopez RFV. Skin cancer treatment effectiveness is improved by iontophoresis of EGFR-targeted liposomes containing 5-FU compared with subcutaneous injection. J Control Release 2018; 283:151-162. [PMID: 29864476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor in which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and malignancy. For SCC treatment, cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, is administered in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug for improved efficacy. In this work, an EGFR-targeted immunoliposome loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) was developed to allow co-administration of the antibody and the chemotherapeutic agent and selective delivery to SCC cells. Topically applied iontophoresis and subcutaneous injections of the 5-FU-loaded immunoliposomes were employed in an SCC xenograft animal model to evaluate the influence of the administration route on therapeutic efficacy. In vitro, cellular uptake of cetuximab-immunoliposomes by EGFR-positive SCC cells was 3.5-fold greater than the uptake of control liposomes. Skin penetration studies showed that iontophoresis of immunoliposomes doubled the 5-FU penetration into the viable epidermis compared with the same treatment with control liposomes. In vivo, subcutaneous injection of immunoliposomes reduced tumor volume by >60% compared with the negative control and approximately 50% compared with the 5-FU solution and control liposome treatments. Interestingly, topical administration via iontophoresis improved tumor reduction by almost 2-fold compared with subcutaneous administration of 5-FU solution and control liposomes but was equally effective for the immunoliposome treatment. However, histological analysis showed that iontophoresis of immunoliposomes was more effective than subcutaneous injection in reducing cell proliferation, resulting in cells with less aggressive characteristics. In conclusion, topical administration of immunoliposomes containing 5-FU using iontophoresis is a promising strategy for SCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, 1210 Capitão Francisco Pedro St, 60430-372, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano P Saggioro
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes s/n, 14040-040 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Deise L Chesca
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes s/n, 14040-040 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Claro de Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos V S Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Robert J Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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NIR light-induced tumor phototherapy using photo-stable ICG delivery system based on inorganic hybrid. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Mota AH, Rijo P, Molpeceres J, Reis CP. Broad overview of engineering of functional nanosystems for skin delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:710-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Leelakanok N, Geary S, Salem A. Fabrication and Use of Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-Based Formulations Designed for Modified Release of 5-Fluorouracil. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:513-528. [PMID: 29045885 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been used for the treatment of a variety of malignancies since its initial introduction to the clinic in 1957. Owing to its short biological half-life, multiple dosings are generally required to maintain effective 5-FU plasma concentrations throughout the therapeutic period. Clinical studies have shown that continuous 5-FU administration is generally superior to bolus injection as exhibited by lower toxicities and increased therapeutic efficacy. Optimal therapeutic efficacy, however, is often compromised by the limiting therapeutic index. Whilst oral formulations are also used, these suffer from the drawbacks of variable bioavailability and first-pass metabolism. As a result, sustained release formulations of 5-FU have been investigated in an effort to mimic the kinetics of continuous infusion particularly for situations where local delivery is considered appropriate. The biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly tunable synthetic polymer, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), is widely used as a vector for sustained drug delivery, however, issues such as insufficient loading and inappropriate burst release kinetics have dogged progress into the clinic for small hydrophilic drugs such as 5-FU. This review provides introductory information about the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties, and clinical use of 5-FU that have contributed to the development of PLGA-based 5-FU release platforms. In addition, this review provides information on fabrication methods used for a range of 5-FU-loaded PLGA formulations and discusses factors affecting the release kinetics of 5-FU as well as the in vitro and in vivo antitumor or antiproliferative efficacy of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Leelakanok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sean Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Aliasger Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
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21
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Das S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. PLGA-loaded nanomedicines in melanoma treatment: Future prospect for efficient drug delivery. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:181-193. [PMID: 27934796 PMCID: PMC5206868 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.195024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment methods for melanoma have some limitations such as less target-specific action, severe side effects and resistance to drugs. Significant progress has been made in exploring novel drug delivery systems based on suitable biochemical mechanisms using nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 400 nm for drug delivery and imaging, utilizing their enhanced penetration and retention properties. Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), a copolymer of poly-lactic acid and poly-glycolic acid, provides an ideally suited performance-based design for better penetration into skin cells, thereby having a greater potential for the treatment of melanoma. Moreover, encapsulation protects the drug from deactivation by biological reactions and interactions with biomolecules, ensuring successful delivery and bioavailability for effective treatment. Controlled and sustained delivery of drugs across the skin barrier that otherwise prohibits entry of larger molecules can be successfully made with adequately stable biocompatible nanocarriers such as PLGA for taking drugs through the small cutaneous pores permitting targeted deposition and prolonged drug action. PLGA is now being extensively used in photodynamic therapy and targeted therapy through modulation of signal proteins and drug-DNA interactions. Recent advances made on these nanomedicines and their advantages in the treatment of skin melanoma are highlighted and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreemanti Das
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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22
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Skin cancer: symptoms, mechanistic pathways and treatment rationale for therapeutic delivery. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:265-287. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases categorized by abandoning escalation and multiplication of abnormal cells. Current topical treatments for skin cancer are mainly in the semisolid dosage forms of 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, etc. Many surgical treatments are also available these days for the treatment of skin cancer, for example, photodynamic therapy, which is approved by the US FDA. The stratum corneum is the main barrier against permeation of topical formulations developed for skin cancer treatment. Liposomes, thermosensitive stealth liposomes, nanoemulsions and polymeric lipid nanoparticles have been used by several researchers to increase skin permeability. In the present paper, major aspects of formulations developed for skin cancer, various types of skin cancer, its etiology and pathogenesis have been emphasized.
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23
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Gupta A, Kaur CD, Saraf S, Saraf S. Targeting of herbal bioactives through folate receptors: a novel concept to enhance intracellular drug delivery in cancer therapy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:314-323. [PMID: 28095746 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1147581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery through folate receptor (FR) has emerged as a most biocompatible, target oriented, and non-immunogenic cargoes for the delivery of anticancer drugs. FRs are highly overexpressed in many tumor cells (like ovarian, lung, breast, kidney, brain, endometrial, and colon cancer), and targeting them through conjugates bearing specific ligand with encapsulated nanodrug moiety is undoubtedly, a promising approach toward tumor targeting. Folate, being an endogenous ligand, can be exploited well to affect various cellular events occurring during the progress of tumor, in a more natural and definite way. Thus, the aim of the review lies in summarizing the advancements taken place in the drug delivery system of different therapeutics through FRs and to refine its role as an endogenous ligand, in targeting of synthetic as well as natural bioactives. The review also provides an update on the patents received on the folate-based drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Gupta
- a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Chanchal Deep Kaur
- a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India
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24
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Su LC, Chen MC. Efficient delivery of nanoparticles to deep skin layers using dissolvable microneedles with an extended-length design. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3355-3363. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles with an extended-length design can efficiently deliver NPs to the deep skin layers and prolong the skin retention time of NPs up to 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Cheng Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
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25
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Hybrid protein-inorganic nanoparticles: From tumor-targeted drug delivery to cancer imaging. J Control Release 2016; 243:303-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Goyal R, Macri LK, Kaplan HM, Kohn J. Nanoparticles and nanofibers for topical drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 240:77-92. [PMID: 26518723 PMCID: PMC4896846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review provides the first comprehensive overview of the use of both nanoparticles and nanofibers for topical drug delivery. Researchers have explored the use of nanotechnology, specifically nanoparticles and nanofibers, as drug delivery systems for topical and transdermal applications. This approach employs increased drug concentration in the carrier, in order to increase drug flux into and through the skin. Both nanoparticles and nanofibers can be used to deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and are capable of controlled release for a prolonged period of time. The examples presented provide significant evidence that this area of research has - and will continue to have - a profound impact on both clinical outcomes and the development of new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lauren K Macri
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hilton M Kaplan
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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27
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Render D, Samuel T, King H, Vig M, Jeelani S, Babu RJ, Rangari V. Biomaterial-Derived Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles for Enteric Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2016; 2016:3170248. [PMID: 30740129 PMCID: PMC6364992 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3170248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery systems provide the most convenient, noninvasive, readily acceptable alternatives to parenteral systems. In the current work, eggshell-derived calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were used to develop enteric drug delivery system in the form of tablets. CaCO3 nanoparticles were manufactured using top-down ball-milling method and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and loaded with 5-fluorouracil as a model drug. Tablets with varying CaCO3 core and binder compositions were fabricated and coated with Eudragit S100 or Eudragit L100. Suitability for enteric delivery of the tablets was tested by oral administration to rabbits and radiography. Radiograph images showed that the tablet remained in the stomach of the rabbit for up to 3 hours. Further modifications of these biomaterial-derived nanoparticles and the coatings will enable manufacturing of stable formulations for slow or controlled release of pharmaceuticals for enteric delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Render
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- Department of Pathobiology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Howard King
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Madan Vig
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Shaik Jeelani
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Ramapuram Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vijaya Rangari
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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28
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Abedin F, Anwar MR, Asmatulu R, Yang SY. Albumin-based micro-composite drug carriers with dual chemo-agents for targeted breast cancer treatment. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:38-49. [PMID: 25638169 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215569614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Albumin-based drug-carrying micro-composite spheres were fabricated and studied to evaluate their potentials for breast cancer treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles and albumin were incorporated within poly(D l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres to increase accumulation of the microspheres at the target site. Two chemotherapeutics, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil, were encapsulated into the microspheres. The drug-release study revealed an initial burst of drug and then sustained release by diffusion. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study confirmed the presence of all components of the drug delivery system. An in vitro study using fibroblast cells (3T3) and breast cancer cells (MDA-486) exhibited an effective cytotoxicity behavior when exposed to the drug delivery system in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The therapeutic influence of the drug delivery system was evaluated in vivo using a nude mouse breast cancer model. A continuous decrease in tumor size was observed in groups treated with microspheres containing the chemotherapeutics, whereas mice treated with direct chemotherapy without drug delivery system showed less efficacy and suggested tumor relapse after cessation of treatment. The enhanced therapeutic influence of the drug delivery system may be attributed to the increased uptake of the microspheres by malignant cells due to the presence of albumin and magnetic force. The bioavailability of chemotherapeutics at the target site was further increased due to the sustained release of the drugs by diffusion following the burst release. Continuous investigations will optimize the size of the drug delivery system and portions of the target driving-force components (magnetic nanoparticles and albumin) in the drug delivery system to maximize its therapeutic efficacy and minimize potential long-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Abedin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Md R Anwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ramazan Asmatulu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Shang-You Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA Orthopaedic Research Institute, Via Christi Health System, Wichita, KS, USA
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29
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Skin cancer and new treatment perspectives: A review. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:8-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Subramanian AP, Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E. Overview on in vitro and in vivo investigations of nanocomposite based cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanodevices are synthesized using nanocomposites by the researchers around the globe. Most of their applications are related to in vivo visualization and therapy with anticancer drugs in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - S. K. Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
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31
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Misak HE, Asmatulu R, Gopu JS, Man KP, Zacharias NM, Wooley PH, Yang SY. Albumin-based nanocomposite spheres for advanced drug delivery systems. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:163-70. [PMID: 24106002 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug delivery system incorporating human serum albumin, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, magnetite nanoparticles, and therapeutic agent(s) was developed for potential application in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and skin cancer. An oil-in-oil emulsion/solvent evaporation (O/OSE) method was modified to produce a drug delivery system with a diameter of 0.5–2 μm. The diameter was mainly controlled by adjusting the viscosity of albumin in the discontinuous phase of the O/OSE method. The drug-release study showed that the release of drug and albumin was mostly dependent on the albumin content of the drug delivery system, which is very similar to the drug occlusion-mesopore model. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that increasing the albumin content in the drug delivery system increased cell viability, possibly due to the improved biocompatibility of the system. Overall, these studies show that the proposed system could be a viable option as a drug delivery system in the treatment of many illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and skin and breast cancers.
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32
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Drug delivery nanoparticles in skin cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:895986. [PMID: 25101298 PMCID: PMC4102061 DOI: 10.1155/2014/895986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology involves the engineering of functional systems at nanoscale, thus being attractive for disciplines ranging from materials science to biomedicine. One of the most active research areas of the nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which applies nanotechnology to highly specific medical interventions for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, including cancer disease. Over the past two decades, the rapid developments in nanotechnology have allowed the incorporation of multiple therapeutic, sensing, and targeting agents into nanoparticles, for detection, prevention, and treatment of cancer diseases. Nanoparticles offer many advantages as drug carrier systems since they can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, modify pharmacokinetics, increase drug half-life by reducing immunogenicity, improve bioavailability, and diminish drug metabolism. They can also enable a tunable release of therapeutic compounds and the simultaneous delivery of two or more drugs for combination therapy. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the use of different types of nanoparticles for systemic and topical drug delivery in the treatment of skin cancer. In particular, the progress in the treatment with nanocarriers of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma has been reported.
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