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Deng Z, Mu Y, Chen Z, Yan L, Ju X, Li L. Construction of a xylose metabolic pathway in Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958 for the production of erythritol and xylitol. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1529-1539. [PMID: 37831286 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Erythritol is a valuable compound as sweetener and chemical material however cannot be fermented from the abundant substrate xylose. METHODS The strain Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958 was employed to produce polyols including xylitol and erythritol by metabolic engineering approaches. RESULTS The introduction of a substrate-specific ribose-5-phosphate isomerase endowed T. oedocephalis with xylose-assimilation activity to produce xylitol, and eliminated glycerol production simultaneously. A more value-added product, erythritol was produced by further introducing a homologous xylulose kinase. The carbon flux was redirected from xylitol to erythritol by adding high osmotic pressure. The production of erythritol was improved to 46.5 g/L in flasks by fermentation adjustment, and the process was scaled up in a 5-L fermentor, with a 40 g/L erythritol production after 120 h, and a time-space yield of 0.56 g/L/h. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the potential of T. oedocephalis in the synthesis of multiple useful products from xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Deng
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Mu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishi Yan
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Liu Q, Dang W, Song Y. Lipid accumulation and SNF1 transcriptional analysis of Mucor circinelloides on xylose under nitrogen limitation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:383-391. [PMID: 36656419 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1) plays a crucial role in utilizing non-glucose carbon sources and regulating lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism by which SNF1 regulates lipid accumulation in oleaginous filamentous fungi in response to nutrient signals remains unclear. In the present study, by analysing the growth and lipid accumulation of M. circinelloides on xylose under nitrogen limitation, combined with the transcriptional changes of each subunit of SNF1, the regulation of SNF1 between nutrient signal and lipid accumulation was explored. The results showed that with the increase of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, the xylose consumption and cell growth of M. circinelloides decreased, and the lipid accumulation increased gradually. The optimal C/N ratio was 160:1, and the maximum lipid yield was 4.1 g/L. Two subunits of SNF1, Snf-α1 and Snf-β, are related to the regulation of lipid metabolism in response to nutrient signals from different external nitrogen sources. This is the first report on the transcriptional analysis of SNF1 subunits on xylose metabolism under nitrogen limitation. This study provides a basis for further understanding of lipid synthesis mechanism on xylose in oleaginous fungi, and it also lays a foundation for the genetic engineering of high-lipid strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Food Bioengineering and Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Culture and Tourism, University of Jinan, 13 Shungeng Road, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueping Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Dang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Son J, Sohn YJ, Baritugo KA, Jo SY, Song HM, Park SJ. Recent advances in microbial production of diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids as potential platform chemicals and bio-based polyamides monomers. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108070. [PMID: 36462631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, bio-based manufacturing processes of value-added platform chemicals and polymers in biorefineries using renewable resources have extensively been developed for sustainable and carbon dioxide (CO2) neutral-based industry. Among them, bio-based diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids have been used as monomers for the synthesis of polyamides having different carbon numbers and ubiquitous and versatile industrial polymers and also as precursors for further chemical and biological processes to afford valuable chemicals. Until now, these platform bio-chemicals have successfully been produced by biorefinery processes employing enzymes and/or microbial host strains as main catalysts. In this review, we discuss recent advances in bio-based production of diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids, which has been developed and improved by systems metabolic engineering strategies of microbial consortia and optimization of microbial conversion processes including whole cell bioconversion and direct fermentative production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Global Cellular Metabolic Rewiring Adapts Corynebacterium glutamicum to Efficient Nonnatural Xylose Utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0151822. [PMID: 36383019 PMCID: PMC9746319 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01518-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylose, the major component of lignocellulosic biomass, cannot be naturally or efficiently utilized by most microorganisms. Xylose (co)utilization is considered a cornerstone of efficient lignocellulose-based biomanufacturing. We evolved a rapidly xylose-utilizing strain, Cev2-18-5, which showed the highest reported specific growth rate (0.357 h-1) on xylose among plasmid-free Corynebacterium glutamicum strains. A genetically clear chassis strain, CGS15, was correspondingly reconstructed with an efficient glucose-xylose coutilization performance based on comparative genomic analysis and mutation reconstruction. With the introduction of a succinate-producing plasmid, the resulting strain, CGS15-SA1, can efficiently produce 97.1 g/L of succinate with an average productivity of 8.09 g/L/h by simultaneously utilizing glucose and xylose from corn stalk hydrolysate. We further revealed a novel xylose regulatory mechanism mediated by the endogenous transcription factor IpsA with global regulatory effects on C. glutamicum. A synergistic effect on carbon metabolism and energy supply, motivated by three genomic mutations (Psod(C131T)-xylAB, Ptuf(Δ21)-araE, and ipsAC331T), was found to endow C. glutamicum with the efficient xylose utilization and rapid growth phenotype. Overall, this work not only provides promising C. glutamicum chassis strains for a lignocellulosic biorefinery but also enriches the understanding of the xylose regulatory mechanism. IMPORTANCE A novel xylose regulatory mechanism mediated by the transcription factor IpsA was revealed. A synergistic effect on carbon metabolism and energy supply was found to endow C. glutamicum with the efficient xylose utilization and rapid growth phenotype. The new xylose regulatory mechanism enriches the understanding of nonnatural substrate metabolism and encourages exploration new engineering targets for rapid xylose utilization. This work also provides a paradigm to understand and engineer the metabolism of nonnatural renewable substrates for sustainable biomanufacturing.
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Park J, Woo HM. Co-production of l-Lysine and Heterologous Squalene in CRISPR/dCas9-Assisted Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14755-14760. [PMID: 36374274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used for a large-scale industrial producer of feed additive amino acids, such as l-lysine. Moreover, C. glutamicum has been engineered for producing various non-native chemicals, including terpenes. For the first time, C. glutamicum was engineered for co-production of l-lysine and heterologous squalene. To control metabolic fluxes for either the l-lysine biosynthesis pathway or the squalene biosynthesis pathway, pyruvate, an intermediate in the central metabolism, a node was regulated by a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference system. Repressing pyc encoding for pyruvate carboxylase in the l-lysine producer (DM1919) and its derivatives resulted in 99.24 ± 7.63 mg/L total squalene and 6.25 ± 0.20 g/L extracellular lysine at 120 h. Furthermore, various oil overlays were tested for efficient co-productions. In situ extraction with corn oil (10%, v/v) exhibited a separation of 99.75% (w/v) of total squalene (intra- and extracellular squalene), while l-lysine can be secreted in the medium. This co-production strategy will help a potential bioprocess of amino acid production with various terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Tang H, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Ju X, Li L. Development of a sugar isomerase cascade to convert D-xylose to rare sugars. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Shi LL, Zheng Y, Tan BW, Li ZJ. Establishment of a carbon-efficient xylulose cleavage pathway in Escherichia coli to metabolize xylose. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Narisetty V, Cox R, Bommareddy R, Agrawal D, Ahmad E, Pant KK, Chandel AK, Bhatia SK, Kumar D, Binod P, Gupta VK, Kumar V. Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 6:29-65. [PMID: 35028420 PMCID: PMC8691124 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society. To that end, there is growing interest in waste management and valorisation. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundant material on the earth and an inevitable waste predominantly originating from agricultural residues, forest biomass and municipal solid waste streams. LCB serves as the renewable feedstock for clean and sustainable processes and products with low carbon emission. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the polymeric structure of LCB, which on depolymerisation liberates oligomeric or monomeric glucose and xylose, respectively. The preferential utilization of glucose and/or absence of the xylose metabolic pathway in microbial systems cause xylose valorization to be alienated and abandoned, a major bottleneck in the commercial viability of LCB-based biorefineries. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in LCB, but a non-conventional industrial substrate unlike glucose. The current review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the biological conversion of xylose into a myriad of sustainable products and associated challenges. The review discusses the microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry of xylose metabolism with hurdles requiring debottlenecking for efficient xylose assimilation. It further describes the product formation by microbial cell factories which can assimilate xylose naturally and rewiring of metabolic networks to ameliorate xylose-based bioproduction in native as well as non-native strains. The review also includes a case study that provides an argument on a suitable pathway for optimal cell growth and succinic acid (SA) production from xylose through elementary flux mode analysis. Finally, a product portfolio from xylose bioconversion has been evaluated along with significant developments made through enzyme, metabolic and process engineering approaches, to maximize the product titers and yield, eventually empowering LCB-based biorefineries. Towards the end, the review is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and prospects with an argument for intense future research into xylose-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
| | - Rylan Cox
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK
| | - Rajesh Bommareddy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum Mohkampur Dehradun 248005 India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Kamal Kumar Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo Lorena 12.602.810 Brazil
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Parmeswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
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Recent progress in metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of C4, C5, and C6 chemicals. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Jin C, Bao J. Lysine Production by Dry Biorefining of Wheat Straw and Cofermentation of Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1900-1906. [PMID: 33539090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study shows that lysine production from lignocellulose feedstock is feasible, but the conversion of xylose in lignocellulose to lysine remains unsolved. Two technical barriers are responsible for the remaining xylose conversion: one is the xylose loss into the wastewater stream of the biorefinery processing chain, and the other is the lack of efficient lysine-producing strain with xylose utilization. Here, we conducted a new biorefinery approach of consequent dry acid pretreatment and biodetoxification, resulting in zero wastewater generation and then well-preserved xylose. To provide the lysine-producing strain with xylose utilization, we modified the Corynebacterium glutamicum by establishing the xylose assimilation pathway and improving the NADPH cofactor regeneration. The combinational modification of biorefinery processing and strain development led to 31.3 g/L of lysine production with a yield of 0.23 g lysine per gram of wheat straw derived sugars. This study provides a practical method for upgraded lysine production from lignocellulose for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Mao B, Yin R, Li X, Cui S, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Isolated from Different Niches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020241. [PMID: 33567604 PMCID: PMC7914981 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can adapt to a variety of niches and is widely distributed in many sources. We used comparative genomics to explore the differences in the genome and in the physiological characteristics of L. plantarum isolated from pickles, fermented sauce, and human feces. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed to address the effects of isolation source on the genetic variation of L. plantarum. The comparative genomic results indicate that the numbers of unique genes in the different strains were niche-dependent. L. plantarum isolated from fecal sources generally had more strain-specific genes than L. plantarum isolated from pickles. The phylogenetic tree and average nucleotide identity (ANI) results indicate that L. plantarum in pickles and fermented sauce clustered independently, whereas the fecal L. plantarum was distributed more uniformly in the phylogenetic tree. The pan-genome curve indicated that the L. plantarum exhibited high genomic diversity. Based on the analysis of the carbohydrate active enzyme and carbohydrate-use abilities, we found that L. plantarum strains isolated from different sources exhibited different expression of the Glycoside Hydrolases (GH) and Glycosyl Transferases (GT) families and that the expression patterns of carbohydrate active enzymes were consistent with the evolution relationships of the strains. L. plantarum strains exhibited niche-specific characteristicsand the results provided better understating on genetics of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruimin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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Zhang B, Jiang Y, Li Z, Wang F, Wu XY. Recent Progress on Chemical Production From Non-food Renewable Feedstocks Using Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:606047. [PMID: 33392171 PMCID: PMC7775722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.606047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels, microbial fermentation is considered a sustainable approach for chemical production using glucose, xylose, menthol, and other complex carbon sources represented by lignocellulosic biomass. Among these, xylose, methanol, arabinose, glycerol, and other alternative feedstocks have been identified as superior non-food sustainable carbon substrates that can be effectively developed for microbe-based bioproduction. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a model gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively engineered to produce amino acids and other chemicals. Recently, in order to reduce production costs and avoid competition for human food, C. glutamicum has also been engineered to broaden its substrate spectrum. Strengthening endogenous metabolic pathways or assembling heterologous ones enables C. glutamicum to rapidly catabolize a multitude of carbon sources. This review summarizes recent progress in metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum toward a broad substrate spectrum and diverse chemical production. In particularly, utilization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived complex hybrid carbon source represents the futural direction for non-food renewable feedstocks was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Sharma B, Shukla P. Futuristic avenues of metabolic engineering techniques in bioremediation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:51-60. [PMID: 33242354 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation is a promising technology for the treatment of environmental contaminants and paving new avenues for the betterment of the environment. Over the last some years, several approaches have been employed to optimize the genetic machinery of microorganisms relevant to bioremediation. Metabolic engineering is one of them that provides a new insight for bioremediation. This review envisages the critical role of these techniques toward exploring the possibilities of the creation of a new pathway, leading to pathway expansion to new substrates by assembling of catabolic modules from different origins in the same microbial cell. The recombinant DNA technology and gene editing tools were also explored for the construction of metabolically engineered microbial strains for the degradation of complex pollutants. Moreover, the importance of CRISPR-Cas system for knock-in and knock-out of genes was described by using recent studies. Further, the idea of the cocultivation of more than one metabolic engineered microbial communities is also discussed, which can be crucial in the bioremediation of multiple and complex pollutants. Finally, this review also elucidates the effective application of metabolic engineering in bioremediation through these techniques and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Sharma
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Lipid Accumulation by Xylose Metabolism Engineered Mucor circinelloides Strains on Corn Straw Hydrolysate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:856-868. [PMID: 33200265 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we presented a novel approach for increasing the consumption of xylose and the lipid yield by overexpressing the genes coding for xylose isomerase (XI) and xylulokinase (XK) in Mucor circinelloides. In the present study, an in-depth analysis of lipid accumulation by xylose metabolism engineered M. circinelloides strains (namely Mc-XI and Mc-XK) using corn straw hydrolysate was to be explored. The results showed that the fatty acid contents of the engineered M. circinelloides strains were, respectively, increased by 19.8% (in Mc-XI) and 22.3% (in Mc-XK) when compared with the control strain, even though a slightly decreased biomass in these engineered strains was detected. Moreover, the xylose uptake rates of engineered strains in the corn straw hydrolysate were improved significantly by 71.5% (in Mc-XI) and 68.8% (in Mc-XK), respectively, when compared with the control strain. Maybe the increased utilization of xylose led to an increase in lipid synthesis. When the recombinant M. circinelloides strains were cultured in corn straw hydrolysate medium with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) of 50 and initial pH of 6.0, at 30 °C and 500 rpm for 144 h, a total biomass of 12.6-12.9 g/L with a lipid content of 17.2-17.7% (corresponding to a lipid yield of 2.17-2.28 g/L) was achieved. Our study provides a foundation for the further application of the engineered M. circinelloides strains to produce lipid from lignocelluloses.
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15
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Lim H, Park J, Woo HM. Overexpression of the Key Enzymes in the Methylerythritol 4-phosphate Pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum for Improving Farnesyl Diphosphate-Derived Terpene Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10780-10786. [PMID: 32854502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A systematic and combinatorial optimization has been employed to metabolically engineer microbes for identifying key gene targets for overexpression to increase the intermediate pools for terpenoid production. Herein, the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum, an industrial host, was investigated to identify the key genes whose overexpression would improve the production of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)-derived terpenoids (squalene and α-farnesene). Using a combinatorial approach with the single, double, and triple expression of genes in the MEP pathway in a high-throughput fermentation, overexpression of the ispDF genes, along with the known dxs and idi genes, was most effective at increasing the squalene contents, i.e., by 14-fold. The dxr gene was identified as the key target enzyme for α-farnesene production. This result could provide fundamental information for improving the metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for terpene production via an optimized MEP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonbae Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Wu XY, Guo XY, Zhang B, Jiang Y, Ye BC. Recent Advances of L-ornithine Biosynthesis in Metabolically Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:440. [PMID: 31998705 PMCID: PMC6962107 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-ornithine, a valuable non-protein amino acid, has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Currently, microbial fermentation is a promising, sustainable, and environment-friendly method to produce L-ornithine. However, the industrial production capacity of L-ornithine by microbial fermentation is low and rarely meets the market demands. Various strategies have been employed to improve the L-ornithine production titers in the model strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum, which serves as a major indicator for improving the cost-effectiveness of L-ornithine production by microbial fermentation. This review focuses on the development of high L-ornithine-producing strains by metabolic engineering and reviews the recent advances in breeding strategies, such as reducing by-product formation, improving the supplementation of precursor glutamate, releasing negative regulation and negative feedback inhibition, increasing the supply of intracellular cofactors, modulating the central metabolic pathway, enhancing the transport system, and adaptive evolution for improving L-ornithine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Lee SS, Park J, Heo YB, Woo HM. Case study of xylose conversion to glycolate in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Current limitation and future perspective of the CRISPR-Cas systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 132:109395. [PMID: 31731968 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RNA-guided genome engineering technologies have been developed for the advanced metabolic engineering of microbial cells to enhance the production of value-added chemicals in Corynebacterium glutamicum as an industrial host. Here, we described the biotransformation of xylose to glycolate using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known industrial amino acid producer. A synthetic pathway involving heterologous D-tagatose 3-epimerase and L-fuculose kinase/aldolase reactions was introduced in C. glutamicum, resulting in 9.9 ± 0.01 g/L glycolate from 20 g/L xylose at a yield of 0.51 g/g (equal to 1.0 mol/mol). Additional glyoxylate reduction pathway developed by CRISPR-Cas12a recombineering has been introduced and attempted to increase the maximum theoretical molar yield of 2.0 (mol/mol). Due to the limitation of the CRISPR-Cas12a recombineering with TTTV PAM sites, advanced CRISPR-Cas systems were suggested for the next-round metabolic engineering for improving the glycolate yield to overcome the current genome-editing tool for metabolic engineering in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Been Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Lee S, Choi JI, Woo HM. Bioconversion of Xylose to Ethylene Glycol and Glycolate in Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21279-21287. [PMID: 31867522 PMCID: PMC6921644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The biological production of two-carbon compounds (ethylene glycol (EG) and glycolate) has been studied for the sustainable supply of the compounds to the polymer, cosmetic, textile, and medical industries. Here, we demonstrated the bioconversion of xylose to either ethylene glycol (EG) or glycolate using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known industrial amino acid producer. A synthetic ribulose 1-phosphate (Ru1P) pathway involving heterologous d-tagatose 3-epimerase and l-fuculose kinase/aldolase reactions was introduced in C. glutamicum. Subsequently, heterologous expression of Escherichia coli YqhD reductase with the synthetic Ru1P pathway led to ethylene glycol production from xylose. Additional pathway engineering in C. glutamicum by mutating ald, which encodes an aldehyde dehydrogenase, abolished the by-product formation of glycolate during xylose conversion to EG at a yield of 0.75 mol per mol. In addition, the bioconversion of xylose to glycolate was achieved, and the almost maximum molar yield was 0.99 mol per mol xylose in C. glutamicum via the Ru1P pathway. Thus, the synthetic Ru1P pathway in C. glutamicum led bioconversion of xylose to either ethylene glycol or glycolate with high molar yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung
Soo Lee
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-il Choi
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam
National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- E-mail: . Tel: +82 31 290 7808. Fax: +82 31 290 7882
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19
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Yu T, Dabirian Y, Liu Q, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Strategies and challenges for metabolic rewiring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Choi JW, Jeon EJ, Jeong KJ. Recent advances in engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for utilization of hemicellulosic biomass. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Brüsseler C, Späth A, Sokolowsky S, Marienhagen J. Alone at last! - Heterologous expression of a single gene is sufficient for establishing the five-step Weimberg pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng Commun 2019; 9:e00090. [PMID: 31016135 PMCID: PMC6475665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum can grow on d-xylose as sole carbon and energy source via the five-step Weimberg pathway when the pentacistronic xylXABCD operon from Caulobacter crescentus is heterologously expressed. More recently, it could be demonstrated that the C. glutamicum wild type accumulates the Weimberg pathway intermediate d-xylonate when cultivated in the presence of d-xylose. Reason for this is the activity of the endogenous dehydrogenase IolG, which can also oxidize d-xylose. This raised the question whether additional endogenous enzymes in C. glutamicum contribute to the catabolization of d-xylose via the Weimberg pathway. In this study, analysis of the C. glutamicum genome in combination with systematic reduction of the heterologous xylXABCD operon revealed that the hitherto unknown and endogenous dehydrogenase KsaD (Cg0535) can also oxidize α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde to the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate, the final enzymatic step of the Weimberg pathway. Furthermore, heterologous expression of either xylX or xylD, encoding for the two dehydratases of the Weimberg pathway in C. crescentus, is sufficient for enabling C. glutamicum to grow on d-xylose as sole carbon and energy source. Finally, several variants for the carbon-efficient microbial production of α-ketoglutarate from d-xylose were constructed. In comparison to cultivation solely on d-glucose, the best strain accumulated up to 1.5-fold more α-ketoglutarate in d-xylose/d-glucose mixtures. C. glutamicum requires only one additional dehydratase to grow on d-xylose. XylX or XylD can be used to establish the Weimberg pathway in C. glutamicum. cg0535 (ksaD) encodes for an α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. C. glutamicum accumulates α-ketoglutarate from d-xylose via the Weimberg pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brüsseler
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
| | - Anja Späth
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
| | - Sascha Sokolowsky
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
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22
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Wendisch VF. Metabolic engineering advances and prospects for amino acid production. Metab Eng 2019; 58:17-34. [PMID: 30940506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid fermentation is one of the major pillars of industrial biotechnology. The multi-billion USD amino acid market is rising steadily and is diversifying. Metabolic engineering is no longer focused solely on strain development for the bulk amino acids L-glutamate and L-lysine that are produced at the million-ton scale, but targets specialty amino acids. These demands are met by the development and application of new metabolic engineering tools including CRISPR and biosensor technologies as well as production processes by enabling a flexible feedstock concept, co-production and co-cultivation schemes. Metabolic engineering advances are exemplified for specialty proteinogenic amino acids, cyclic amino acids, omega-amino acids, and amino acids functionalized by hydroxylation, halogenation and N-methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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23
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Park J, Yu BJ, Choi JI, Woo HM. Heterologous Production of Squalene from Glucose in Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum Using Multiplex CRISPR Interference and High-Throughput Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:308-319. [PMID: 30558416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of squalene has driven the development of microbial cell factories due to the limitation of low-yielding bioprocesses from plants and illegal harvesting shark liver. We report the metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce squalene from glucose. Combinatorial metabolic engineering strategies for precursor rebalancing, redox balancing, and blocking the competing pathway for the isopentenyl diphosphate availabilities were applied by repressing the target genes using the CRISPR interference. The best engineered strain using high-throughput fermentation produced squalene from glucose at 5.4 ± 0.3 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW) and 105.3 ± 3.0 mg/L, which was a 5.2-fold increase over the parental strain. In addition, flask cultivation of C. glutamicum overexpressing the dxs and idi genes with squalene synthase gene and repressing the idsA gene resulted in production of squalene at 5.8 ± 0.4 mg/g DCW and 82.8 ± 6.2 mg/L, which was a 3.4-fold increase over the parental strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jo Yu
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System , Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , 89 Yangdaegiro-gil , Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan 31056 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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Biosynthesis of organic photosensitizer Zn-porphyrin by diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR)-mediated global upregulation of engineered heme biosynthesis pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14460. [PMID: 30262872 PMCID: PMC6160403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zn-porphyrin is a promising organic photosensitizer in various fields including solar cells, interface and biomedical research, but the biosynthesis study has been limited, probably due to the difficulty of understanding complex biosynthesis pathways. In this study, we developed a Corynebacterium glutamicum platform strain for the biosynthesis of Zn-coproporphyrin III (Zn-CP III), in which the heme biosynthesis pathway was efficiently upregulated. The pathway was activated and reinforced by strong promoter-induced expression of hemAM (encoding mutated glutamyl-tRNA reductase) and hemL (encoding glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase) genes. This engineered strain produced 33.54 ± 3.44 mg/l of Zn-CP III, while the control strain produced none. For efficient global regulation of the complex pathway, the dtxR gene encoding the transcriptional regulator diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) was first overexpressed in C. glutamicum with hemAM and hemL genes, and its combinatorial expression was improved by using effective genetic tools. This engineered strain biosynthesized 68.31 ± 2.15 mg/l of Zn-CP III. Finally, fed-batch fermentation allowed for the production of 132.09 mg/l of Zn-CP III. This titer represents the highest in bacterial production of Zn-CP III reported to date, to our knowledge. This study demonstrates that engineered C. glutamicum can be a robust biotechnological model for the production of photosensitizer Zn-porphyrin.
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25
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Kim D, Woo HM. Deciphering bacterial xylose metabolism and metabolic engineering of industrial microorganisms for use as efficient microbial cell factories. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9471-9480. [PMID: 30238140 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of sustainable production of biochemicals and biofuels has driven the engineering of microbial cell as factories that convert low-value substrates to high-value products. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar substrate in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. We analyzed the mechanisms of xylose metabolism using genome sequencing data of 492 industrially relevant bacterial species in the mini-review. The analysis revealed the xylose isomerase and Weimberg pathways as the major routes across diverse routes of bacterial xylose metabolism. In addition, we discuss recent developments in metabolic engineering of xylose metabolism in industrial microorganisms. Genome-scale analyses have revealed xylose pathway-specific flux landscapes. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial xylose metabolism could be useful for the feasible development of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering and School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhao N, Qian L, Luo G, Zheng S. Synthetic biology approaches to access renewable carbon source utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9517-9529. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Liu Q, Yu T, Campbell K, Nielsen J, Chen Y. Modular Pathway Rewiring of Yeast for Amino Acid Production. Methods Enzymol 2018; 608:417-439. [PMID: 30173772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids find various applications in biotechnology in view of their importance in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries as nutrients, additives, and drugs, respectively. For the large-scale production of amino acids, microbial cell factories are widely used and the development of amino acid-producing strains has mainly focused on prokaryotes Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli. However, the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae is becoming an even more appealing microbial host for production of amino acids and derivatives because of its superior molecular and physiological features, such as amenable to genetic engineering and high tolerance to harsh conditions. To transform S. cerevisiae into an industrial amino acid production platform, the highly coordinated and multiple layers regulation in its amino acid metabolism should be relieved and reconstituted to optimize the metabolic flux toward synthesis of target products. This chapter describes principles, strategies, and applications of modular pathway rewiring in yeast using the engineering of l-ornithine metabolism as a paradigm. Additionally, detailed protocols for in vitro module construction and CRISPR/Cas-mediated pathway assembly are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanli Liu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kate Campbell
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Microbial Production of l-Serine from Renewable Feedstocks. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:700-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Kawaguchi H, Yoshihara K, Hara KY, Hasunuma T, Ogino C, Kondo A. Metabolome analysis-based design and engineering of a metabolic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum to match rates of simultaneous utilization of D-glucose and L-arabinose. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:76. [PMID: 29773073 PMCID: PMC5956887 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background l-Arabinose is the second most abundant component of hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass, next to d-xylose. However, few microorganisms are capable of utilizing pentoses, and catabolic genes and operons enabling bacterial utilization of pentoses are typically subject to carbon catabolite repression by more-preferred carbon sources, such as d-glucose, leading to a preferential utilization of d-glucose over pentoses. In order to simultaneously utilize both d-glucose and l-arabinose at the same rate, a modified metabolic pathway was rationally designed based on metabolome analysis. Results Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 31831 utilized d-glucose and l-arabinose simultaneously at a low concentration (3.6 g/L each) but preferentially utilized d-glucose over l-arabinose at a high concentration (15 g/L each), although l-arabinose and d-glucose were consumed at comparable rates in the absence of the second carbon source. Metabolome analysis revealed that phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were major bottlenecks for d-glucose and l-arabinose metabolism, respectively. Based on the results of metabolome analysis, a metabolic pathway was engineered by overexpressing pyruvate kinase in combination with deletion of araR, which encodes a repressor of l-arabinose uptake and catabolism. The recombinant strain utilized high concentrations of d-glucose and l-arabinose (15 g/L each) at the same consumption rate. During simultaneous utilization of both carbon sources at high concentrations, intracellular levels of phosphoenolpyruvate declined and acetyl-CoA levels increased significantly as compared with the wild-type strain that preferentially utilized d-glucose. These results suggest that overexpression of pyruvate kinase in the araR deletion strain increased the specific consumption rate of l-arabinose and that citrate synthase activity becomes a new bottleneck in the engineered pathway during the simultaneous utilization of d-glucose and l-arabinose. Conclusions Metabolome analysis identified potential bottlenecks in d-glucose and l-arabinose metabolism and was then applied to the following rational metabolic engineering. Manipulation of only two genes enabled simultaneous utilization of d-glucose and l-arabinose at the same rate in metabolically engineered C. glutamicum. This is the first report of rational metabolic design and engineering for simultaneous hexose and pentose utilization without inactivating the phosphotransferase system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0927-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Y Hara
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. .,Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Turumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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Yoon J, Woo HM. CRISPR interference-mediated metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for homo-butyrate production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2067-2074. [PMID: 29704438 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial metabolic engineering enabled the development of efficient microbial cell factories for modulating gene expression to produce desired products. Here, we report the combinatorial metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce butyrate by introducing a synthetic butyrate pathway including phosphotransferase and butyrate kinase reactions and repressing the essential acn gene-encoding aconitase, which has been targeted for downregulation in a genome-scale model. An all-in-one clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference system for C. glutamicum was used for tunable downregulation of acn in an engineered strain, where by-product-forming reactions were deleted and the synthetic butyrate pathway was inserted, resulting in butyrate production (0.52 ± 0.02 g/L). Subsequently, biotin limitation enabled the engineered strain to produce butyrate (0.58 ± 0.01 g/L) without acetate formation for the entire duration of the culture. These results demonstrate the potential homo-production of butyrate using engineered C. glutamicum. This method can also be applied to other industrial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
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31
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Zhang B, Ye BC. Pathway engineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 for 5-aminolevulinic acid production. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:247. [PMID: 29744279 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a non-protein amino acid with a significant potential for cancer treatment and plant stress resistance. Microbial fermentation has gradually replaced the traditional chemical-based method for ALA production, thus increasing the need for high-ALA-producing strains. In this study, we engineered the glutamate producing strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114, for ALA production. To efficiently convert l-glutamate to ALA, hemA and hemL from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli were tandemly overexpressed. In addition, ncgl1221 encoding a glutamate transporter was deleted to block glutamate secretion and thus improve ALA production. Furthermore, the intrinsic ribosome-binding site (RBS) of hemB was replaced by a relatively weak RBS to reduce the conversion of ALA to porphyrin. Transcriptional and fermentation data confirmed that inactivation of lysE and putP reduced the conversion of glutamate to arginine and proline, which also contribute to ALA production. The final SA14 strain produced 895 mg/L concentration of ALA after 72 h incubation in a shake flask. This amount was 58-fold higher than that obtained by the parent strain C. glutamicum S9114. The results demonstrate the potential of C. glutamicum S9114 for efficient ALA production and provide new targets for the development of ALA-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Guo Y, Fan L, Ni X, Zheng X, Wang M, Zheng P, Sun J, Ma Y. MACBETH: Multiplex automated Corynebacterium glutamicum base editing method. Metab Eng 2018; 47:200-210. [PMID: 29580925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 or Cpf1-introduced double strand break dramatically decreases bacterial cell survival rate, which hampers multiplex genome editing in bacteria. In addition, the requirement of a foreign DNA template for each target locus is labor demanding and may encounter more GMO related regulatory hurdle in industrial applications. Herein, we developed a multiplex automated Corynebacterium glutamicum base editing method (MACBETH) using CRISPR/Cas9 and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), without foreign DNA templates, achieving single-, double-, and triple-locus editing with efficiencies up to 100%, 87.2% and 23.3%, respectively. In addition, MACBETH was applied to generate a combinatorial gene inactivation library for improving glutamate production, and pyk&ldhA double inactivation strain was found to improve glutamate production by 3-fold. Finally, MACBETH was automated with an integrated robotic system, which would enable us to generate thousands of rationally engineered strains per month for metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum. As a proof of concept demonstration, the automation platform was used to construct an arrayed genome-scale gene inactivation library of 94 transcription factors with 100% success rate. Therefore, MACBETH would be a powerful tool for multiplex and automated bacterial genome editing in future studies and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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33
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Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for fermentative production of chemicals in biorefinery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3915-3937. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zhang B, Ren LQ, Yu M, Zhou Y, Ye BC. Enhanced l-ornithine production by systematic manipulation of l-ornithine metabolism in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:60-68. [PMID: 29153651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Ornithine is a non-protein amino acid with extensive applications in medicine and the food industry. Currently, l-ornithine is produced by microbial fermentation; however, this process needs to be further improved in terms of l-ornithine productivity and cost reduction. In this study, overexpression of LysE was observed to increase l-ornithine production in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114. To overcome the drawbacks of using a plasmid to express LysE, Ptac, a strong promoter, was inserted in the upstream region of lysE on the chromosome. This strain was further engineered by attenuating the expression of ncgl2228 and proB, and enhancing the expression of gdh and argCJBD. Combination of those targets resulted in l-ornithine production at a titer of 25 g/L, which was 63.4% higher than that produced by the original strain (15.3 g/L). These results demonstrated the positive effects of overexpressing LysE on l-ornithine production and provided novel targets for developing l-ornithine-producing C. glutamicum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li-Quan Ren
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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35
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Goldbeck O, Seibold GM. Construction of pOGOduet - An inducible, bicistronic vector for synthesis of recombinant proteins in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Plasmid 2018; 95:11-15. [PMID: 29331350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely known for its application in the industrial production of amino acids and as a non-pathogenic model organism for cell wall biosynthesis in the group of CMN bacteria. For biotechnological and physiological studies often co-expression of recombinant genes is required, however for C. glutamicum no vector for the independent co-expression of two genes was described. We here created the novel expression vector pOGOduet for C. glutamicum, which carries the ColE1 replicon of E. coli and the pBL1 replicon of C. glutamicum and two independently inducible promoters Ptac and Ptet each followed by unique multiple cloning sites. Functionality of pOGOduet is tested by coexpression of genes for the fluorescent proteins eCFP and mVenus; fluorescence of the reporters varies in dependence of the inducer concentrations present in the culture broth. These experiments demonstrate that the vector pOGOduet fulfills the task for individually inducible expression of two genes of interest in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Goldbeck
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Mao Y, Li G, Chang Z, Tao R, Cui Z, Wang Z, Tang YJ, Chen T, Zhao X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of succinate from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:95. [PMID: 29636817 PMCID: PMC5883316 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate has been recognized as one of the most important bio-based building block chemicals due to its numerous potential applications. However, efficient methods for the production of succinate from lignocellulosic feedstock were rarely reported. Nevertheless, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered to efficiently produce succinate from glucose in our previous study. RESULTS In this work, C. glutamicum was engineered for efficient succinate production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. First, xylose utilization of C. glutamicum was optimized by heterologous expression of xylA and xylB genes from different sources. Next, xylA and xylB from Xanthomonas campestris were selected among four candidates to accelerate xylose consumption and cell growth. Subsequently, the optimal xylA and xylB were co-expressed in C. glutamicum strain SAZ3 (ΔldhAΔptaΔpqoΔcatPsod-ppcPsod-pyc) along with genes encoding pyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase, and a succinate exporter to achieve succinate production from xylose in a two-stage fermentation process. Xylose utilization and succinate production were further improved by overexpressing the endogenous tkt and tal genes and introducing araE from Bacillus subtilis. The final strain C. glutamicum CGS5 showed an excellent ability to produce succinate in two-stage fermentations by co-utilizing a glucose-xylose mixture under anaerobic conditions. A succinate titer of 98.6 g L-1 was produced from corn stalk hydrolysate with a yield of 0.87 g/g total substrates and a productivity of 4.29 g L-1 h-1 during the anaerobic stage. CONCLUSION This work introduces an efficient process for the bioconversion of biomass into succinate using a thoroughly engineered strain of C. glutamicum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest titer of succinate produced from non-food lignocellulosic feedstock, which highlights that the biosafety level 1 microorganism C. glutamicum is a promising platform for the envisioned lignocellulosic biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhishuai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ran Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ya-jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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Holistic bioengineering: rewiring central metabolism for enhanced bioproduction. Biochem J 2017; 474:3935-3950. [PMID: 29146872 PMCID: PMC5688466 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
What does it take to convert a living organism into a truly productive biofactory? Apart from optimizing biosynthesis pathways as standalone units, a successful bioengineering approach must bend the endogenous metabolic network of the host, and especially its central metabolism, to support the bioproduction process. In practice, this usually involves three complementary strategies which include tuning-down or abolishing competing metabolic pathways, increasing the availability of precursors of the desired biosynthesis pathway, and ensuring high availability of energetic resources such as ATP and NADPH. In this review, we explore these strategies, focusing on key metabolic pathways and processes, such as glycolysis, anaplerosis, the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, and NADPH production. We show that only a holistic approach for bioengineering — considering the metabolic network of the host organism as a whole, rather than focusing on the production pathway alone — can truly mold microorganisms into efficient biofactories.
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Systems metabolic engineering strategies for the production of amino acids. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:87-96. [PMID: 29062965 PMCID: PMC5637227 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems metabolic engineering is a multidisciplinary area that integrates systems biology, synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering. It is an efficient approach for strain improvement and process optimization, and has been successfully applied in the microbial production of various chemicals including amino acids. In this review, systems metabolic engineering strategies including pathway-focused approaches, systems biology-based approaches, evolutionary approaches and their applications in two major amino acid producing microorganisms: Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli, are summarized.
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