1
|
Cecil RE, Yoder-Himes DR. Examining the influence of environmental factors on Acanthamoeba castellanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in co-culture. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305973. [PMID: 38913685 PMCID: PMC11195979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploration of interspecies interactions between microorganisms can have taxonomic, ecological, evolutionary, or medical applications. To better explore interactions between microorganisms it is important to establish the ideal conditions that ensure survival of all species involved. In this study, we sought to identify the ideal biotic and abiotic factors that would result in high co-culture viability of two interkingdom species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba castellanii, two soil dwelling microbes. There have been limited studies showing long-term interactions between these two organisms as co-culture can result in high mortality for one or both organisms suggesting a predator-predator interaction may exist between them. In this study, we identified biotic and abiotic conditions that resulted in a high viability for both organisms in long-term co-culture, including optimizing temperature, nutrient concentration, choice of bacterial strains, and the initial ratio of interacting partners. These two species represent ideal partners for studying microbial interactions because amoebae act similarly to mammalian immune cells in many respects, and this can allow researchers to study host-pathogen interactions in vitro. Therefore, long-term interaction studies between these microbes might reveal the evolutionary steps that occur in bacteria when subjected to intense predation, like what occurs when pathogens enter the human body. The culture conditions characterized here resulted in high viability for both organisms for at least 14-days in co-culture suggesting that long-term experimental studies between these species can be achieved using these culture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E. Cecil
- Biology Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Deborah R. Yoder-Himes
- Biology Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Secker B, Shaw S, Atterbury RJ. Pseudomonas spp. in Canine Otitis Externa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2650. [PMID: 38004662 PMCID: PMC10673570 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine otitis externa (OE) is a commonly diagnosed condition seen in veterinary practice worldwide. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the disease, with a particular focus on the biological characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the impact that antibiotic resistance has on successful recovery from OE. We also consider potential alternatives to antimicrobial chemotherapy for the treatment of recalcitrant infections. P. aeruginosa is not a typical constituent of the canine ear microbiota, but is frequently isolated from cases of chronic OE, and the nature of this pathogen often makes treatment difficult. Biofilm formation is identified in 40-95% of P. aeruginosa from cases of OE and intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, especially resistance to clinically important antibiotics, highlights the need for alternative treatments. The role of other virulence factors in OE remains relatively unexplored and further work is needed. The studies described in this work highlight several potential alternative treatments, including the use of bacteriophages. This review provides a summary of the aetiology of OE with particular reference to the dysbiosis that leads to colonisation by P. aeruginosa and highlights the need for novel treatments for the future management of P. aeruginosa otitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Secker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (B.S.); (S.S.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen Shaw
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (B.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Robert J. Atterbury
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (B.S.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adesoji AT, Onuh JP, Palang IP, Liadi AM, Musa S. Prevalence of multi-drug resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolated from selected residential sewages in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2152. [PMID: 37065811 PMCID: PMC10099965 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global surge in Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an issue of great concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been impli- cated in several nosocomial infections, where it has caused grave complications in immunocompromised patients. This is the first study to report the prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa isolated from residential sewage in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. Pseudomonads count, isolation, biochemical characterization and antibiogram were carried out using standard microbiological pro- cedures. This study examined sixty (60) samples from selected res- idential sewage in the study site collected at different intervals between July and September 2021. A total of 40 (66.7%) P. aeruginosa were isolated from the analyzed sewage samples. The high- est (2.84x104) pseudomonad count was recorded from sewage samples collected from Kadangaru. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from this sample site showed the highest (100%) resistance to cephalosporins (cefuroxime) and nitrofurantoin. Similarly, isolates from Miami area also demonstrated the highest (95%) resistance to a cephalosporin (ceftazidime). All (100%) isolates used in this study showed MDR resistance to tested antibiotics. The occurrence of MDR P. aeruginosa from a residential sewage site that may con- taminate drinking water sources in the study area is of public health threat to the inhabitants. Surveillance and molecular epi- demiology of antibiotics resistant bacteria are urgently needed in the study area.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pottier M, Gravey F, Castagnet S, Auzou M, Langlois B, Guérin F, Giard JC, Léon A, Le Hello S. A 10-year microbiological study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed the circulation of populations resistant to both carbapenems and quaternary ammonium compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2639. [PMID: 36788252 PMCID: PMC9929048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections. For this study, the susceptibility profiles to antipseudomonal antibiotics and a quaternary ammonium compound, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), widely used as a disinfectant, were established for 180 selected human and environmental hospital strains isolated between 2011 and 2020. Furthermore, a genomic study determined resistome and clonal putative relatedness for 77 of them. During the ten-year study period, it was estimated that 9.5% of patients' strains were resistant to carbapenems, 11.9% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 0.7% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Decreased susceptibility (DS) to DDAC was observed for 28.0% of strains, a phenotype significantly associated with MDR/XDR profiles and from hospital environmental samples (p < 0.0001). According to genomic analyses, the P. aeruginosa population unsusceptible to carbapenems and/or to DDAC was diverse but mainly belonged to top ten high-risk clones described worldwide by del Barrio-Tofiño et al. The carbapenem resistance appeared mainly due to the production of the VIM-2 carbapenemase (39.3%) and DS to DDAC mediated by MexAB-OprM pump efflux overexpression. This study highlights the diversity of MDR/XDR populations of P. aeruginosa which are unsusceptible to compounds that are widely used in medicine and hospital disinfection and are probably distributed in hospitals worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Pottier
- Research Department, LABÉO, 14053, Caen, France.,UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of microbiology, Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France
| | - François Gravey
- UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of microbiology, Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France.,Service de Microbiologie, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Castagnet
- Research Department, LABÉO, 14053, Caen, France.,UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of microbiology, Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Michel Auzou
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Langlois
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France
| | - François Guérin
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Giard
- UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of microbiology, Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Albertine Léon
- Research Department, LABÉO, 14053, Caen, France.,UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of microbiology, Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Simon Le Hello
- UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of microbiology, Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France. .,Service de Microbiologie, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France. .,Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Armbruster CR, Li K, Kiedrowski MR, Zemke AC, Melvin JA, Moore J, Atteih S, Fitch AC, DuPont M, Manko CD, Weaver ML, Gaston JR, Alcorn JF, Morris A, Methé BA, Lee SE, Bomberger JM. Low Diversity and Instability of the Sinus Microbiota over Time in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0125122. [PMID: 36094193 PMCID: PMC9603634 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01251-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common, yet underreported and understudied manifestation of upper respiratory disease in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recently developed standard of care guidelines for the management of CF CRS suggest treatment of upper airway disease may ameliorate lower airway disease. We sought to determine whether changes to sinus microbial community diversity and specific taxa known to cause CF lung disease are associated with increased respiratory disease and inflammation. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, supplemented with cytokine analyses, microscopy, and bacterial culturing, on samples from the sinuses of 27 adults with CF CRS. At each study visit, participants underwent endoscopic paranasal sinus sampling and clinical evaluation. We identified key drivers of microbial community composition and evaluated relationships between diversity and taxa with disease outcomes and inflammation. Sinus community diversity was low, and the composition was unstable, with many participants exhibiting alternating dominance between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococci over time. Despite a tendency for dominance by these two taxa, communities were highly individualized and shifted composition during exacerbation of sinus disease symptoms. Exacerbations were also associated with communities dominated by Staphylococcus spp. Reduced microbial community diversity was linked to worse sinus disease and the inflammatory status of the sinuses (including increased interleukin-1β [IL-1β]). Increased IL-1β was also linked to worse sinus endoscopic appearance, and other cytokines were linked to microbial community dynamics. Our work revealed previously unknown instability of sinus microbial communities and a link between inflammation, lack of microbial community diversity, and worse sinus disease. IMPORTANCE Together with prior sinus microbiota studies of adults with CF chronic rhinosinusitis, our study underscores similarities between sinus and lower respiratory tract microbial community structures in CF. We show how community structure tracks with inflammation and several disease measures. This work strongly suggests that clinical management of CRS could be leveraged to improve overall respiratory health in CF. Our work implicates elevated IL-1β in reduced microbiota diversity and worse sinus disease in CF CRS, suggesting applications for existing therapies targeting IL-1β. Finally, the widespread use of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy has led to less frequent availability of spontaneous expectorated sputum for microbiological surveillance of lung infections. A better understanding of CF sinus microbiology could provide a much-needed alternative site for monitoring respiratory infection status by important CF pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelvin Li
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan R. Kiedrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anna C. Zemke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Melvin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samar Atteih
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C. Fitch
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew DuPont
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher D. Manko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madison L. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordon R. Gaston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara A. Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stella E. Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Presence of Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens in Residential Buildings: A Literature Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPP) are microorganisms that are native to the plumbing environment and that present an emerging infectious disease problem. They share characteristics, such as disinfectant resistance, thermal tolerance, and biofilm formation. The colonisation of domestic water systems presents an elevated health risk for immune-compromised individuals who receive healthcare at home. The literature that has identified the previously described OPPPs (Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Helicobacter spp., Legionella spp., Methylobacterium spp., Mycobacteria spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Stenotrophomonas spp.) in residential drinking water systems were systematically reviewed. By applying the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, 214 studies were identified from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which included 30 clinical case investigations. Tap components and showerheads were the most frequently identified sources of OPPPs. Sixty-four of these studies detected additional clinically relevant pathogens that are not classified as OPPPs in these reservoirs. There was considerable variation in the detection methods, which included traditional culturing and molecular approaches. These identified studies demonstrate that the current drinking water treatment methods are ineffective against many waterborne pathogens. It is critical that, as at-home healthcare services continue to be promoted, we understand the emergent risks that are posed by OPPPs in residential drinking water. Future research is needed in order to provide consistent data on the prevalence of OPPPs in residential water, and on the incidence of waterborne homecare-associated infections. This will enable the identification of the contributing risk factors, and the development of effective controls.
Collapse
|
7
|
Armbruster CR, Marshall CW, Garber AI, Melvin JA, Zemke AC, Moore J, Zamora PF, Li K, Fritz IL, Manko CD, Weaver ML, Gaston JR, Morris A, Methé B, DePas WH, Lee SE, Cooper VS, Bomberger JM. Adaptation and genomic erosion in fragmented Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in the sinuses of people with cystic fibrosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109829. [PMID: 34686349 PMCID: PMC8667756 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa notoriously adapts to the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet how infection-site biogeography and associated evolutionary processes vary as lifelong infections progress remains unclear. Here we test the hypothesis that early adaptations promoting aggregation influence evolutionary-genetic trajectories by examining longitudinal P. aeruginosa from the sinuses of six adults with CF. Highly host-adapted lineages harbored mutator genotypes displaying signatures of early genome degradation associated with recent host restriction. Using an advanced imaging technique (MiPACT-HCR [microbial identification after passive clarity technique]), we find population structure tracks with genome degradation, with the most host-adapted, genome-degraded P. aeruginosa (the mutators) residing in small, sparse aggregates. We propose that following initial adaptive evolution in larger populations under strong selection for aggregation, P. aeruginosa persists in small, fragmented populations that experience stronger effects of genetic drift. These conditions enrich for mutators and promote degenerative genome evolution. Our findings underscore the importance of infection-site biogeography to pathogen evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | - Arkadiy I Garber
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Melvin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Anna C Zemke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - John Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Paula F Zamora
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kelvin Li
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ian L Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Christopher D Manko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Madison L Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jordan R Gaston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Barbara Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - William H DePas
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology & Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balfour-Lynn IM. Environmental risks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-What to advise patients and parents. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:17-24. [PMID: 33323351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) is commonly found in soil and water so is impossible to avoid completely. Parents/carers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are concerned about them acquiring PsA from the environment, and different families view risk differently. Our ethos is to enable children with CF to take part as much as possible in educational and fun home activities, in order to maintain their quality of life (and their family's), and not have them feel different from other children. This review presents advice for families as to what they must definitely avoid, what they must take precautions with but can allow, and what they must not avoid. It is mostly evidence-based, but where evidence is lacking it a consensus view from the Paediatric CF Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mojesky AA, Remold SK. Spatial structure maintains diversity of pyocin inhibition in household Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201706. [PMID: 33143580 PMCID: PMC7735282 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all bacteria produce narrow-spectrum antibiotics called bacteriocins. Studies have shown that bacteriocins can mediate microbial interactions, but the mechanisms underlying patterns of inhibition are less well understood. We assembled a spatially structured collection of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from bathroom and kitchen sink drains in nine households. Growth inhibition of these P. aeruginosa by bacteriocins, known as pyocins in this species, was measured using pairwise inhibition assays. Carbon source usage of these isolates was measured, and genetic distance was estimated using multilocus sequencing. We found that as the distance between sites of isolation increased, there was a significantly higher probability of inhibition, and that pyocin inhibition and susceptibility vary greatly among isolates collected from different houses. We also detected support for other mechanisms influencing diversity: inhibition outcomes were influenced by the type of drain from which isolates were collected, and while we found no indication that carbon source utilization influences inhibition, inhibition was favoured at an intermediate genetic distance. Overall, these results suggest that the combined effects of dispersal limitation among sites and competitive exclusion within them maintain diversity in pyocin inhibition and susceptibility phenotypes, and that additional processes such as local adaptation and effects of phylogenetic distance could further contribute to spatial variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey A Mojesky
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Susanna K Remold
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bell J, Alexander L, Carson J, Crossan A, McCaughan J, Mills H, O'Neill D, Moore JE, Millar BC. Nebuliser hygiene in cystic fibrosis: evidence-based recommendations. Breathe (Sheff) 2020; 16:190328. [PMID: 32684992 PMCID: PMC7341620 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0328-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nebulised therapies are extensively used in the daily therapeutic management of cystic fibrosis both for mucociliary clearance and for the management of chronic infections. Extensive developments have been made in relation to nebulised drug delivery mechanisms and drug formulations, and guidelines have been prepared that have addressed the appropriate use of such therapies. However, due to these developments, a plethora of nebuliser devices and drug chambers exist, and frequently, the limited guidance provided in relation to nebuliser hygiene is to follow manufacturers' instructions. Such instructions are inconsistent and at times confusing, translating to an increase in the burden associated with nebuliser maintenance. An evidence-based universal guideline relating to nebuliser care and hygiene is urgently required that is applicable to both at-home use and inpatient use. This article reviews the scientific literature in order to propose an evidence-based approach to nebuliser hygiene to ensure optimum drug delivery, and infection prevention and control. Current nebuliser hygiene practice is varied and challenging at home and in hospital. This review of the scientific literature proposes an evidence-based approach to nebuliser hygiene to ensure optimum drug delivery and infection prevention and control.https://bit.ly/3b9jGee
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bell
- Northern Ireland Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Dept of Physiotherapy, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Lauren Alexander
- Northern Ireland Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Dept of Physiotherapy, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane Carson
- Northern Ireland Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Dept of Physiotherapy, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Amanda Crossan
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - John McCaughan
- Dept of Medical Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Hazel Mills
- Northern Ireland Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Dept of Physiotherapy, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Damian O'Neill
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - John E Moore
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Dept of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - B Cherie Millar
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Dept of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crone S, Vives-Flórez M, Kvich L, Saunders AM, Malone M, Nicolaisen MH, Martínez-García E, Rojas-Acosta C, Catalina Gomez-Puerto M, Calum H, Whiteley M, Kolter R, Bjarnsholt T. The environmental occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. APMIS 2019; 128:220-231. [PMID: 31709616 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is generally described as ubiquitous in natural settings, such as soil and water. However, because anecdotal observations and published reports have questioned whether or not this description is true, we undertook a rigorous study using three methods to investigate the occurrence of P. aeruginosa: We investigated environmental samples, analyzed 16S rRNA data, and undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. The environmental sample screening identified P. aeruginosa as significantly associated with hydrocarbon and pesticide-contaminated environments and feces, as compared to uncontaminated environments in which its prevalence was relatively low. The 16S rRNA data analysis showed that P. aeruginosa sequences were present in all habitats but were most abundant in samples from human and animals. Similarly, the meta-analysis revealed that samples obtained from environments with intense human contact had a higher prevalence of P. aeruginosa compared to those with less human contact. Thus, we found a clear tendency of P. aeruginosa to be present in places closely linked with human activity. Although P. aeruginosa may be ubiquitous in nature, it is usually scarce in pristine environments. Thus, we suggest that P. aeruginosa should be described as a bacterium largely found in locations associated with human activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Crone
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martha Vives-Flórez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lasse Kvich
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron M Saunders
- Department of Laboratory, Food and Environmental Science, Business Academy Aarhus, Viby J, Denmark
| | - Matthew Malone
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mette H Nicolaisen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Esteban Martínez-García
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Systems Biology Program, National Center of Biotechnology CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Henrik Calum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roberto Kolter
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramsay KA, Wardell SJT, Patrick WM, Brockway B, Reid DW, Winstanley C, Bell SC, Lamont IL. Genomic and phenotypic comparison of environmental and patient-derived isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggest that antimicrobial resistance is rare within the environment. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1591-1595. [PMID: 31553303 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently resistant to antibiotics due to the presence of sequence variants in resistance-associated genes. However, the frequency of antibiotic resistance and of resistance-associated sequence variants in environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa has not been well studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, meropenem, tobramycin) of environmental (n=50) and cystic fibrosis (n=42) P. aeruginosa isolates was carried out. Following whole genome sequencing of all isolates, 25 resistance-associated genes were analysed for the presence of likely function-altering sequence variants. Environmental isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics with one exception, whereas patient-derived isolates had significant frequencies of resistance to each antibiotic and a greater number of likely resistance-associated genetic variants. These findings indicate that the natural environment does not act as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa, supporting a model in which antibiotic susceptible environmental bacteria infect patients and develop resistance during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay A Ramsay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Wayne M Patrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ben Brockway
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David W Reid
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Craig Winstanley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Scott C Bell
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Iain L Lamont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Is the Potable Water System an Advantageous Preinfection Niche for Bacteria Colonizing the Cystic Fibrosis Lung? mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00883-19. [PMID: 31164466 PMCID: PMC6550525 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00883-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to lung infections from a variety of bacteria, a number of which also reside in the potable water system, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia complex, and nontuberculosis Mycobacteria. Here, I propose chemical and physical aspects of the potable water system along with bacterial lifestyle strategies in this system that may enhance successful colonization of cystic fibrosis lungs by these bacteria, including iron and copper levels, lipids, and low growth rates within low-oxygen biofilms. People with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to lung infections from a variety of bacteria, a number of which also reside in the potable water system, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia complex, and nontuberculosis Mycobacteria. Here, I propose chemical and physical aspects of the potable water system along with bacterial lifestyle strategies in this system that may enhance successful colonization of cystic fibrosis lungs by these bacteria, including iron and copper levels, lipids, and low growth rates within low-oxygen biofilms.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rowbotham NJ, Palser SC, Smith SJ, Smyth AR. Infection prevention and control in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review of interventions. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:425-434. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1595594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Rowbotham
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally C Palser
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sherie J Smith
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan R Smyth
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chronic Airway Colonization by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Not Sustained by Their Domestic Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01739-18. [PMID: 30217850 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01739-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli considered emergent pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although some cross-transmission events between CF patients have been described, Achromobacter strains were mostly patient specific, suggesting sporadic acquisitions from nonhuman reservoirs. However, sources of these emergent CF pathogens remain unknown. A large collection of specimens (n = 273) was sampled in the homes of 3 CF patients chronically colonized by Achromobacter xylosoxidans with the aim of evaluating the potential role of domestic reservoirs in sustaining airway colonization of the patients. Samples were screened for the presence of Achromobacter by using genus-specific molecular detection. Species identification, multilocus genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns observed for environmental isolates were compared with those of clinical strains. Patient homes hosted a high diversity of Achromobacter species (n = 7), including Achromobacter mucicolens and A. animicus, two species previously isolated from human samples only, and genotypes (n = 15), all showing an overall susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Achromobacter strains were mostly isolated from indoor moist environments and siphons, which are potential reservoirs for several CF emerging pathogens. A. xylosoxidans, the worldwide prevalent species colonizing CF patients, was not the major Achromobacter species inhabiting domestic environments. A. xylosoxidans genotypes chronically colonizing the patients were not detected in their household environments. These results support the notions that the domestic environment could not be incriminated in sustained patient colonization and that after initial colonization, the environmental survival of A. xylosoxidans clones adapted to the CF airways is probably impaired.IMPORTANCE Achromobacter spp. are worldwide emerging opportunistic pathogens in CF patients, able to chronically colonize the respiratory tract. Apart from regular consultations at the hospital CF center, patients spend most of their time at home. Colonization from nonhuman sources has been suggested, but the presence of Achromobacter spp. in CF patients' homes has not been explored. The domestic environments of CF patients chronically colonized by Achromobacter, especially wet environments, host several opportunistic pathogens, including a large diversity of Achromobacter species and genotypes. However, Achromobacter genotypes colonizing the patients were not detected in their domestic environments, making it unlikely that a shuttle between environment and CF airways is involved in persisting colonization. This also suggests that once the bacteria have adapted to the respiratory tract, their survival in the domestic environment is presumably impaired. Nevertheless, measures for reducing domestic patient exposure should be targeted on evacuation drains, which are frequently contaminated by CF opportunistic pathogens.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bara JJ, Matson Z, Remold SK. Life in the cystic fibrosis upper respiratory tract influences competitive ability of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180623. [PMID: 30839703 PMCID: PMC6170537 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding characteristic differences between host-associated and free-living opportunistic pathogens can provide insight into the fundamental requirements for success after dispersal to the host environment, and more generally into the ecological and evolutionary processes by which populations respond to simultaneous selection on complex interacting traits. We examined how cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated and environmental isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa differ in the production of an ecologically important class of proteinaceous toxins known as bacteriocins, and how overall competitive ability depends on the production of and resistance to these bacteriocins. We determined bacteriocin gene content in a diverse collection of environmental and CF isolates and measured bacteriocin-mediated inhibition, resistance and the outcome of competition in a shared environment between all possible pairs of these isolates at 25°C and 37°C. Although CF isolates encoded significantly more bacteriocin genes, our phenotypic assays suggest that they have diminished bacteriocin-mediated killing and resistance capabilities relative to environmental isolates, regardless of incubation temperature. Notably, however, although bacteriocin killing and resistance profiles significantly predicted head-to-head competitive outcomes, CF and environmental isolates did not differ significantly in their competitive ability. This suggests that the contribution of bacteriocins to competitive ability involves selection on other traits that may be pleiotropically linked to interference competition mediated by bacteriocins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Bara
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Biology, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, USA
| | - Zachary Matson
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Susanna K. Remold
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diaz KE, Remold SK, Onyiri O, Bozeman M, Raymond PA, Turner PE. Generalized Growth of Estuarine, Household and Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 29599754 PMCID: PMC5863524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of particular concern to immune-compromised people, such as cystic fibrosis patients and burn victims. These bacteria grow in built environments including hospitals and households, and in natural environments such as rivers and estuaries. However, there is conflicting evidence whether recent environments like the human lung and open ocean affect P. aeruginosa growth performance in alternate environments. We hypothesized that bacteria recently isolated from dissimilar habitats should grow differently in media containing artificial versus natural resources. To test this idea, we examined growth of P. aeruginosa isolates from three environments (estuary, household, and clinic) in three media types: minimal-glucose lab medium, and media prepared from sugar maple leaves or big bluestem grass. We used automated spectrophotometry to measure high-resolution growth curves for all isolate by media combinations, and studied two fitness parameters: growth rate and maximum population density. Results showed high variability in growth rate among isolates, both overall and in its dependence on assay media, but this variability was not associated with habitat of isolation. In contrast, total growth (change in absorbance over the experiment) differed overall among habitats of isolation, and there were media-specific differences in mean total growth among habitats of isolation, and in among-habitat variability in the media-specific response. This was driven primarily by greater total growth of estuary isolates when compared with those from other habitats of origin, and greater media-specific variability among household isolates than those from other habitats of origin. Taken together, these results suggest that for growth rate P. aeruginosa bacteria appear to be broad generalists without regard to current or recent habitat, whereas for total growth a signature of recent ecological history can be detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Diaz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Susanna K Remold
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ogochukwu Onyiri
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Maura Bozeman
- Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter A Raymond
- Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Paul E Turner
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Program in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
France MT, Remold SK. Interference Competition Among Household Strains of Pseudomonas. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:821-830. [PMID: 26276409 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial species exhibit biogeographical patterns like those observed in larger organisms. The distribution of bacterial species is driven by environmental selection through abiotic and biotic factors as well dispersal limitations. We asked whether interference competition, a biotic factor, could explain variability in habitat use by Pseudomonas species in the human home. To answer this question, we screened almost 8000 directional, pairwise interactions between 89 Pseudomonas strains including members of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 29), Pseudomonas fluorescens (n = 21), and Pseudomonas putida (n = 39) species groups for the presence of killing. This diverse set of Pseudomonas strains includes those isolated from several different habitats within the home environment and includes combinations of strains that were isolated from different spatial scales. The use of this strain set not only allowed us to analyze the commonality and phylogenetic scale of interference competition within the genus Pseudomonas but also allowed us to investigate the influence of spatial scale on this trait. Overall, the probability of killing was found to decrease with increasing phylogenetic distance, making it unlikely that interference competition accounts for previously observed differential habitat use among Pseudomonas species and species groups. Strikingly, conspecific P. aeruginosa killing accounted for the vast majority of the observed killing, and this killing was found to differ across the habitat type and spatial scale of the strains' isolation. These data suggest that interference competition likely plays a large role in the within-species dynamics of P. aeruginosa but not other household Pseudomonas species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T France
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| | - Susanna K Remold
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 137 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramsay KA, Stockwell RE, Bell SC, Kidd TJ. Infection in cystic fibrosis: impact of the environment and climate. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:505-19. [PMID: 26949990 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1162715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In many countries numbers of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) exceed that of children, with median survival predicted to surpass 50 years. Increasing longevity is, in part, due to intensive therapies including eradication of early infection and suppressive therapies and pulmonary exacerbations. Initial infections with common CF pathogens are thought to arise from the natural environment. We review the impact of climate and environment on infection in CF. Specifically, several studies indicate that higher ambient temperatures, proximity to the equator and the summer season may be linked to the increased prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with CF. The environment may also play an important role in the acquisition of Gram negative organisms other than P. aeruginosa. There is emerging data suggesting that climatic and environmental factors are likely to impact on the risk of infection with NTM and fungi in people which are found extensively throughout the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Ramsay
- a Lung Bacteria Group , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,b Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,c School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - R E Stockwell
- a Lung Bacteria Group , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - S C Bell
- a Lung Bacteria Group , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,c School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,d Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre , The Prince Charles Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - T J Kidd
- b Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,e Centre for Infection and Immunity , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK.,f School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heirali A, McKeon S, Purighalla S, Storey DG, Rossi L, Costilhes G, Drews SJ, Rabin HR, Surette MG, Parkins MD. Assessment of the Microbial Constituents of the Home Environment of Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and Their Association with Lower Airways Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148534. [PMID: 26859493 PMCID: PMC4747485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are colonized by a polymicrobial community of organisms, termed the CF microbiota. We sought to define the microbial constituents of the home environment of individuals with CF and determine if it may serve as a latent reservoir for infection. METHODS Six patients with newly identified CF pathogens were included. An investigator collected repeat sputum and multiple environmental samples from their homes. Bacteria were cultured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Morphologically distinct colonies were selected, purified and identified to the genus and species level through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. When concordant organisms were identified in sputum and environment, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine relatedness. Culture-independent bacterial profiling of each sample was carried out by Illumina sequencing of the V3 region of the 16s RNA gene. RESULTS New respiratory pathogens prompting investigation included: Mycobacterium abscessus(2), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3), Pseudomonas fluorescens(1), Nocardia spp.(1), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans(1). A median 25 organisms/patient were cultured from sputum. A median 125 organisms/home were cultured from environmental sites. Several organisms commonly found in the CF lung microbiome were identified within the home environments of these patients. Concordant species included members of the following genera: Brevibacterium(1), Microbacterium(1), Staphylococcus(3), Stenotrophomonas(2), Streptococcus(2), Sphingomonas(1), and Pseudomonas(4). PFGE confirmed related strains (one episode each of Sphinogomonas and P. aeruginosa) from the environment and airways were identified in two patients. Culture-independent assessment confirmed that many organisms were not identified using culture-dependent techniques. CONCLUSIONS Members of the CF microbiota can be found as constituents of the home environment in individuals with CF. While the majority of isolates from the home environment were not genetically related to those isolated from the lower airways of individuals with CF suggesting alternate sources of infection were more common, a few genetically related isolates were indeed identified. As such, the home environment may rarely serve as either the source of infection or a persistent reservoir for re-infection after clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alya Heirali
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanne McKeon
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Swathi Purighalla
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Storey
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- The Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Costilhes
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harvey R. Rabin
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- The Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D. Parkins
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens Species Group Recovery from Human Homes Varies Seasonally and by Environment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127704. [PMID: 26023929 PMCID: PMC4449118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
By shedding light on variation in time as well as in space, long-term biogeographic studies can help us define organisms' distribution patterns and understand their underlying drivers. Here we examine distributions of Pseudomonas in and around 15 human homes, focusing on the P. putida and P. fluorescens species groups. We describe recovery from 10,941 samples collected during up to 8 visits per home, occurring on average 2.6 times per year. We collected a mean of 141 samples per visit, from sites in most rooms of the house, from the surrounding yards, and from human and pet occupants. We recovered Pseudomonas in 9.7% of samples, with the majority of isolates being from the P. putida and P. fluorescens species groups (approximately 62% and 23% of Pseudomonas samples recovered respectively). Although representatives of both groups were recovered from every season, every house, and every type of environment sampled, recovery was highly variable across houses and samplings. Whereas recovery of P. putida group was higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring, P. fluorescens group isolates were most often recovered in spring. P. putida group recovery from soils was substantially higher than its recovery from all other environment types, while higher P. fluorescens group recovery from soils than from other sites was much less pronounced. Both species groups were recovered from skin and upper respiratory tract samples from healthy humans and pets, although this occurred infrequently. This study indicates that even species that are able to survive under a broad range of conditions can be rare and variable in their distributions in space and in time. For such groups, determining patterns and causes of stochastic and seasonal variability may be more important for understanding the processes driving their biogeography than the identity of the types of environments in which they can be found.
Collapse
|