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Schreiber R, Ousingsawat J, Kunzelmann K. The anoctamins: Structure and function. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102885. [PMID: 38642428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When activated by increase in intracellular Ca2+, anoctamins (TMEM16 proteins) operate as phospholipid scramblases and as ion channels. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is the Ca2+-activated epithelial anion-selective channel that is coexpressed together with the abundant scramblase ANO6 and additional intracellular anoctamins. In salivary and pancreatic glands, ANO1 is tightly packed in the apical membrane and secretes Cl-. Epithelia of airways and gut use cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as an apical Cl- exit pathway while ANO1 supports Cl- secretion mainly by facilitating activation of luminal CFTR and basolateral K+ channels. Under healthy conditions ANO1 modulates intracellular Ca2+ signals by tethering the endoplasmic reticulum, and except of glands its direct secretory contribution as Cl- channel might be small, compared to CFTR. In the kidneys ANO1 supports proximal tubular acid secretion and protein reabsorption and probably helps to excrete HCO3-in the collecting duct epithelium. However, under pathological conditions as in polycystic kidney disease, ANO1 is strongly upregulated and may cause enhanced proliferation and cyst growth. Under pathological condition, ANO1 and ANO6 are upregulated and operate as secretory channel/phospholipid scramblases, partly by supporting Ca2+-dependent processes. Much less is known about the role of other epithelial anoctamins whose potential functions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Berg P, Svendsen SL, Ayasse N, Sorensen MV, Leipziger J. Secretin: a hormone for HCO 3- homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:545-554. [PMID: 38221598 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Secretin is a key hormone of the intestinal phase of digestion which activates pancreatic, bile duct and Brunner gland HCO3- secretion. Recently, the secretin receptor (SCTR) was also found in the basolateral membrane of the beta-intercalated cell (B-IC) of the collecting duct. Experimental addition of secretin triggers a pronounced activation of urinary HCO3- excretion, which is fully dependent on key functional proteins of the B-IC, namely apical pendrin and CFTR and the basolateral SCTR. Recent studies demonstrated that the SCTR knock-out mouse is unable to respond to an acute base load. Here, SCTR KO mice could not rapidly increase urine base excretion, developed prolonged metabolic alkalosis and exhibited marked compensatory hypoventilation. Here, we review the physiological effects of secretin with distinct focus on how secretin activates renal HCO3- excretion. We describe its new function as a hormone for HCO3- homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Berg
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Samuel L Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niklas Ayasse
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mads Vaarby Sorensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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3
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Becker HM, Seidler UE. Bicarbonate secretion and acid/base sensing by the intestine. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:593-610. [PMID: 38374228 PMCID: PMC11006743 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The transport of bicarbonate across the enterocyte cell membrane regulates the intracellular as well as the luminal pH and is an essential part of directional fluid movement in the gut. Since the first description of "active" transport of HCO3- ions against a concentration gradient in the 1970s, the fundamental role of HCO3- transport for multiple intestinal functions has been recognized. The ion transport proteins have been identified and molecularly characterized, and knockout mouse models have given insight into their individual role in a variety of functions. This review describes the progress made in the last decade regarding novel techniques and new findings in the molecular regulation of intestinal HCO3- transport in the different segments of the gut. We discuss human diseases with defects in intestinal HCO3- secretion and potential treatment strategies to increase luminal alkalinity. In the last part of the review, the cellular and organismal mechanisms for acid/base sensing in the intestinal tract are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger M Becker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula E Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Kunzelmann K, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Talbi K, Seidler U, Schreiber R. SLC26A9 in airways and intestine: secretion or absorption? Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2186434. [PMID: 36866602 PMCID: PMC9988340 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2186434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9 is one out of 11 proteins that belong to the SLC26A family of anion transporters. Apart from expression in the gastrointestinal tract, SLC26A9 is also found in the respiratory system, in male tissues and in the skin. SLC26A9 has gained attention because of its modifier role in the gastrointestinal manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF). SLC26A9 appears to have an impact on the extent of intestinal obstruction caused by meconium ileus. SLC26A9 supports duodenal bicarbonate secretion, but was assumed to provide a basal Cl- secretory pathway in airways. However, recent results show that basal airway Cl- secretion is due to cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR), while SLC26A9 may rather secrete HCO3-, thereby maintaining proper airway surface liquid (ASL) pH. Moreover, SLC26A9 does not secrete but probably supports reabsorption of fluid particularly in the alveolar space, which explains early death by neonatal distress in Slc26a9-knockout animals. While the novel SLC26A9 inhibitor S9-A13 helped to unmask the role of SLC26A9 in the airways, it also provided evidence for an additional role in acid secretion by gastric parietal cells. Here we discuss recent data on the function of SLC26A9 in airways and gut, and how S9-A13 may be useful in unraveling the physiological role of SLC26A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
- CONTACT Karl Kunzelmann
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Delpiano L, Rodenburg LW, Burke M, Nelson G, Amatngalim GD, Beekman JM, Gray MA. Dynamic regulation of airway surface liquid pH by TMEM16A and SLC26A4 in cystic fibrosis nasal epithelia with rare mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307551120. [PMID: 37967223 PMCID: PMC10666107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307551120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel lead to an acidic airway surface liquid (ASL), which compromises innate defence mechanisms, predisposing to pulmonary failure. Restoring ASL pH is a potential therapy for people with CF, particularly for those who cannot benefit from current highly effective modulator therapy. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying ASL pH regulation. The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, and the anion exchanger, SLC26A4, have been proposed as targets for restoring ASL pH, but current results are contradictory and often utilise nonphysiological conditions. To provide better evidence for a role of these two proteins in ASL pH homeostasis, we developed an efficient CRISPR-Cas9-based approach to knock-out (KO) relevant transporters in primary airway basal cells lacking CFTR and then measured dynamic changes in ASL pH under thin-film conditions in fully differentiated airway cultures, which better simulate the in vivo situation. Unexpectantly, we found that both proteins regulated steady-state as well as agonist-stimulated ASL pH, but only under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we identified two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs which raised ASL pH by activating SLC26A4. While we identified a role for SLC26A4 in fluid absorption, KO had no effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated fluid secretion in airway organoids. Overall, we have identified a role of TMEM16A in ASL pH homeostasis and shown that both TMEM16A and SLC26A4 could be important alternative targets for ASL pH therapy in CF, particularly for those people who do not produce any functional CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Delpiano
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Burke
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Bioimaging Unit, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance Eindhoven University of Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Mokra D, Mokry J, Barosova R, Hanusrichterova J. Advances in the Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1713. [PMID: 37760016 PMCID: PMC10526097 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used because of its mucolytic effects, taking part in the therapeutic protocols of cystic fibrosis. NAC is also administered as an antidote in acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdosing. Thanks to its wide antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, NAC may also be of benefit in other chronic inflammatory and fibrotizing respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, idiopathic lung fibrosis, or lung silicosis. In addition, NAC exerts low toxicity and rare adverse effects even in combination with other treatments, and it is cheap and easily accessible. This article brings a review of information on the mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress in selected chronic respiratory diseases and discusses the use of NAC in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Romana Barosova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Juliana Hanusrichterova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
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Hegyi P, Seidler U, Kunzelmann K. CFTR-beyond the airways: Recent findings on the role of the CFTR channel in the pancreas, the intestine and the kidneys. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S17-S22. [PMID: 36621373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With increased longevity of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, and widespread lung transplantation facilities, the sequelae of defective CFTR in other organs than the airways come to the fore. This minireview highlights recent scientific progress in the understanding of CFTR function in the pancreas, the intestine and the kidney, and explores potential therapeutic strategies to combat defective CFTR function in these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Center for Translational Medicine and Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Regensburg University, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Rapid chloride and bicarbonate determination by capillary electrophoresis for confirmatory testing of cystic fibrosis infants with volume-limited sweat specimens. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:66-72. [PMID: 35577746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a debilitating genetic disorder that benefits from early detection. CF diagnosis relies on measuring elevated sweat chloride that is difficult in neonates with low sweat rates. We introduce a new method for sweat chloride determination from volume-limited specimens, and explore the potential utility of sweat bicarbonate in neonatal CF screening. Methods A rapid assay (< 5 min) was developed to analyze chloride and bicarbonate using capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection (CE-iUV). Pilocarpine-stimulated sweat samples from screen-positive CF infants were collected at two hospital sites, including confirmed CF (n = 12), CF screen-positive inconclusive diagnosis (n = 4), and unaffected non-CF cases (n = 37). All sweat chloride samples were analyzed by a coulometric titrator and CE-iUV, and the viability to measure acid-labile bicarbonate was also evaluated. Results Stability studies revealed that bicarbonate can be reliably assessed in sweat if acidification and heating were avoided. Method validation demonstrated that sweat chloride and bicarbonate were quantified with acceptable accuracy (recovery of 102%), precision (CV = 3.7%) and detection limits (∼ 0.1 mM). An inter-laboratory comparison confirmed a mean bias of 6.5% (n = 53) for sweat chloride determination by CE-iUV relative to a commercial chloridometer. However, sweat bicarbonate did not discriminate between CF and non-CF infants (AUC = 0.623, p = 0.215) unlike chloride (AUC = 1.00, p = 3.00 × 10-7). Conclusions CE-iUV offers a robust method for sweat chloride testing from presumptive CF infants that may reduce testing failure rates. However, sweat bicarbonate does not have clinical value in newborn CF diagnosis.
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9
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Martínez‐Crespo L, Valkenier H. Transmembrane Transport of Bicarbonate by Anion Receptors. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200266. [PMID: 36414387 PMCID: PMC9827909 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of synthetic anion transporters is motivated by their potential application as treatment for diseases that originate from deficient anion transport by natural proteins. Transport of bicarbonate is important for crucial biological functions such as respiration and digestion. Despite this biological relevance, bicarbonate transport has not been as widely studied as chloride transport. Herein we present an overview of the synthetic receptors that have been studied as bicarbonate transporters, together with the different assays used to perform transport studies in large unilamellar vesicles. We highlight the most active transporters and comment on the nature of the functional groups present in active and inactive compounds. We also address recent mechanistic studies that have revealed different processes that can lead to net transport of bicarbonate, as well as studies reported in cells and tissues, and comment on the key challenges for the further development of bicarbonate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez‐Crespo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK,Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK,Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Engineering of Molecular NanoSystemsEcole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64B-1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Engineering of Molecular NanoSystemsEcole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64B-1050BrusselsBelgium
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10
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Sui H, Xu X, Su Y, Gong Z, Yao M, Liu X, Zhang T, Jiang Z, Bai T, Wang J, Zhang J, Xu C, Luo M. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: Challenges and prospects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015926. [PMID: 36304167 PMCID: PMC9592762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutations in a single gene encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF effects multiple organs, and lung disease is the primary cause of mortality. The median age at death from CF is in the early forties. CF was one of the first diseases to be considered for gene therapy, and efforts focused on treating CF lung disease began shortly after the CFTR gene was identified in 1989. However, despite the quickly established proof-of-concept for CFTR gene transfer in vitro and in clinical trials in 1990s, to date, 36 CF gene therapy clinical trials involving ∼600 patients with CF have yet to achieve their desired outcomes. The long journey to pursue gene therapy as a cure for CF encountered more difficulties than originally anticipated, but immense progress has been made in the past decade in the developments of next generation airway transduction viral vectors and CF animal models that reproduced human CF disease phenotypes. In this review, we look back at the history for the lessons learned from previous clinical trials and summarize the recent advances in the research for CF gene therapy, including the emerging CRISPR-based gene editing strategies. We also discuss the airway transduction vectors, large animal CF models, the complexity of CF pathogenesis and heterogeneity of CFTR expression in airway epithelium, which are the major challenges to the implementation of a successful CF gene therapy, and highlight the future opportunities and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoqing Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minhua Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyao Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianhao Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Junzuo Wang
- The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Changlong Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People’s Hospital, Nanning, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
| | - Mingjiu Luo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
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11
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Rehman T, Karp PH, Thurman AL, Mather SE, Jain A, Cooney AL, Sinn PL, Pezzulo AA, Duffey ME, Welsh MJ. WNK Inhibition Increases Surface Liquid pH and Host Defense in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:491-502. [PMID: 35849656 PMCID: PMC9564924 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0172oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), reduced HCO3- secretion acidifies the airway surface liquid (ASL), and the acidic pH disrupts host defenses. Thus, understanding the control of ASL pH (pHASL) in CF may help identify novel targets and facilitate therapeutic development. In diverse epithelia, the WNK (with-no-lysine [K]) kinases coordinate HCO3- and Cl- transport, but their functions in airway epithelia are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that WNK kinases regulate CF pHASL. In primary cultures of differentiated human airway epithelia, inhibiting WNK kinases acutely increased both CF and non-CF pHASL. This response was HCO3- dependent and involved downstream SPAK/OSR1 (Ste20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase/oxidative stress responsive 1 kinase). Importantly, WNK inhibition enhanced key host defenses otherwise impaired in CF. Human airway epithelia expressed two WNK isoforms in secretory cells and ionocytes, and knockdown of either WNK1 or WNK2 increased CF pHASL. WNK inhibition decreased Cl- secretion and the response to bumetanide, an NKCC1 (sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1) inhibitor. Surprisingly, bumetanide alone or basolateral Cl- substitution also alkalinized CF pHASL. These data suggest that WNK kinases influence the balance between transepithelial Cl- versus HCO3- secretion. Moreover, reducing basolateral Cl- entry may increase HCO3- secretion and raise pHASL, thereby improving CF host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip H. Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael E. Duffey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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12
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Yan Z, Vorhies K, Feng Z, Park SY, Choi SH, Zhang Y, Winter M, Sun X, Engelhardt JF. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Editing of the G551D Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Mutation in Ferret Airway Basal Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1023-1036. [PMID: 35686451 PMCID: PMC9595624 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic disease that affects multiple organs, including the lung. We developed a CF ferret model of a scarless G551→D substitution in CFTR (CFTRG551D-KI), enabling approaches to correct this gating mutation in CF airways via gene editing. Homology-directed repair (HDR) was tested in Cas9-expressing CF airway basal cells (Cas9-GKI) from this model, as well as reporter basal cells (Y66S-Cas9-GKI) that express an integrated nonfluorescent Y66S-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) mutant gene to facilitate rapid assessment of HDR by the restoration of fluorescence. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors were used to deliver two DNA templates and sgRNAs for dual-gene editing at the EGFP and CFTR genes, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of EGFPY66S-corrected cells. When gene-edited airway basal cells were polarized at an air-liquid interface, unsorted and EGFPY66S-corrected sorted populations gave rise to 26.0% and 70.4% CFTR-mediated Cl- transport of that observed in non-CF cultures, respectively. The consequences of gene editing at the CFTRG551D locus by HDR and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) were assessed by targeted gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) against a specific amplicon. NGS revealed HDR corrections of 3.1% of G551 sequences in the unsorted population of rAAV-infected cells, and 18.4% in the EGFPY66S-corrected cells. However, the largest proportion of sequences had indels surrounding the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) cut site, demonstrating that NHEJ was the dominant repair pathway. This approach to simultaneously coedit at two genomic loci using rAAV may have utility as a model system for optimizing gene-editing efficiencies in proliferating airway basal cells through the modulation of DNA repair pathways in favor of HDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kai Vorhies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Zehua Feng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soon H. Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Bicarbonate Effects on Antibacterial Immunity and Mucus Glycobiology in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: A Review With Selected Experimental Observations. INFECTIOUS MICROBES & DISEASES 2022; 4:103-110. [PMID: 36793929 PMCID: PMC9928163 DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) is abnormal chloride and bicarbonate transport in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) epithelial ion channel. The apical surface of the respiratory tract is lined by an airway surface liquid layer (ASL) composed of mucin comprising mainly MUC5A and MUC5B glycoproteins. ASL homeostasis depends on sodium bicarbonate secretion into the airways and secretion deficits alter mucus properties leading to airway obstruction, inflammation, and infections. Downstream effects of abnormal ion transport in the lungs include altered intrinsic immune defenses. We observed that neutrophils killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa more efficiently when it had been exposed to sodium bicarbonate, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils was augmented in the presence of increasing bicarbonate concentrations. Physiological levels of bicarbonate sensitized P. aeruginosa to the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, which is present in both lung ASL and in NETs. Sodium bicarbonate has various uses in clinical medicine and in the care of CF patients, and could be further explored as a therapeutic adjunct against Pseudomonas infections.
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14
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Ferdaus MZ, Terker AS, Koumangoye R, Delpire E. KCC3a, a Strong Candidate Pathway for K+ Loss in Alkalemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931326. [PMID: 35874803 PMCID: PMC9301082 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the human potassium chloride cotransporter-3 (KCC3) cause a hereditary motor sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. While recapitulating the neuropathy, KCC3-knockout mice also exhibit high blood pressure. This phenotype is believed to have neurogenic and/or vascular origins. The role of KCC3 in the kidney is poorly understood. KCC3 is encoded by two major isoforms originating from alternative promoters: KCC3a and KCC3b, with KCC3b being the predominant transcript in the kidney. Although the transporter has previously been localized to the proximal tubule, we show here the unique expression of the KCC3a isoform in the connecting tubule. Using a KCC3a-specific polyclonal antibody validated for both immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, we showed an intense KCC3a signal restricted to cortical intercalated cells. No overlap is detected between KCC3a and sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), a distal convoluted tubule (DCT) marker; or between KCC3a and ENaC or calbindin, which are both principal cell markers. KCC3a signal was observed in cells expressing the apical V-ATPase and pendrin, establishing a unique expression pattern characteristic of intercalated cells of type-B or type-nonA/nonB. We further show that treatment of wild-type mice with hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride, or fed a K+-deficient diet up-regulates KCC3a level, suggesting that volume depletion increases KCC3a abundance. This hypothesis was confirmed by showing a higher abundance of KCC3a protein after 23-h water restriction or after placing the mice on a low-salt diet. More importantly, abundance of the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, pendrin, which is known to secrete bicarbonate in alkalotic conditions, was significantly diminished in KCC3-knockout mice. In addition, KCC3a abundance increased significantly alongside pendrin abundance in bicarbonate-treated alkalotic mice, providing a credible mechanism for K+ loss in metabolic alkalosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zubaerul Ferdaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew Scott Terker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rainelli Koumangoye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric Delpire,
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15
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Spoletini G, Fitch G, Gillgrass L, Etherington C, Clifton I, Peckham DG. Urinary bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis during exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00669-2021. [PMID: 35539439 PMCID: PMC9081541 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00669-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudo-Bartter syndrome (PBS) is characterised by hypokalaemic, hyponatraemic and hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis in the absence of renal tubules pathology; it is a well-recognised complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), in the context of dehydration and acute illness [1–7]. The aetiology of increased serum bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis in CF is complex and appears to be driven, at least in part, by renal tubular CFTR dysfunctionhttps://bit.ly/3NFPkUu
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16
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Badr A, Eltobgy M, Krause K, Hamilton K, Estfanous S, Daily KP, Abu Khweek A, Hegazi A, Anne MNK, Carafice C, Robledo-Avila F, Saqr Y, Zhang X, Bonfield TL, Gavrilin MA, Partida-Sanchez S, Seveau S, Cormet-Boyaka E, Amer AO. CFTR Modulators Restore Acidification of Autophago-Lysosomes and Bacterial Clearance in Cystic Fibrosis Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:819554. [PMID: 35252032 PMCID: PMC8890004 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.819554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) human and mouse macrophages are defective in their ability to clear bacteria such as Burkholderia cenocepacia. The autophagy process in CF (F508del) macrophages is halted, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, the role of CFTR in maintaining the acidification of endosomal and lysosomal compartments in CF cells has been a subject of debate. Using 3D reconstruction of z-stack confocal images, we show that CFTR is recruited to LC3-labeled autophagosomes harboring B. cenocepacia. Using several complementary approaches, we report that CF macrophages display defective lysosomal acidification and degradative function for cargos destined to autophagosomes, whereas non-autophagosomal cargos are effectively degraded within acidic compartments. Notably, treatment of CF macrophages with CFTR modulators (tezacaftor/ivacaftor) improved the autophagy flux, lysosomal acidification and function, and bacterial clearance. In addition, CFTR modulators improved CFTR function as demonstrated by patch-clamp. In conclusion, CFTR regulates the acidification of a specific subset of lysosomes that specifically fuse with autophagosomes. Therefore, our study describes a new biological location and function for CFTR in autophago-lysosomes and clarifies the long-standing discrepancies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Badr
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Eltobgy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathrin Krause
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaitlin Hamilton
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shady Estfanous
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kylene P. Daily
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arwa Abu Khweek
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Hegazi
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Midhun N. K. Anne
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cierra Carafice
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Frank Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Youssra Saqr
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tracey L. Bonfield
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mikhail A. Gavrilin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amal O. Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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17
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Miao M, Shao X, Cai W. Conformational Change from U- to I-Shape of Ion Transporters Facilitates K + Transport across Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1520-1528. [PMID: 35142530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated, at the atomic level, the ion-fishing mechanism underlying the ion transport across membranes mediated by an artificial ion transporter composed of a hydroxyl-rich cholesterol group, a flexible alkyl chain, and a crown ether. Our results show that the transporter can spontaneously insert into the membrane and switch between the folded (U-shaped) and extended (I-shaped) conformations. The free-energy profile associated with the conformational transition indicates that compared with the U-shaped conformation of the transporter, the I-shaped one is thermodynamically more favorable. Furthermore, the free-energy profiles describing the ion translocation reveal that the transporter capturing the ion in U-shape on one side of the membrane and releasing it in I-shape on the other side constitutes a key way for the highly efficient transport of K+ ions. We present herewith a rigorous and rational framework to decipher the detailed ion-fishing mechanism of transmembrane ion transport with exceptionally high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Miao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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18
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Lack of Charge Interaction in the Ion Binding Site Determines Anion Selectivity in the Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter NBCe1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010532. [PMID: 35008963 PMCID: PMC8745181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1 is a member of SLC4A transporters that move HCO3− across cell membranes and regulate intracellular pH or transepithelial HCO3 transport. NBCe1 is highly selective to HCO3− and does not transport other anions; the molecular mechanism of anion selectivity is presently unclear. We previously reported that replacing Asp555 with a Glu (D555E) in NBCe1 induces increased selectivity to other anions, including Cl−. This finding is unexpected because all SLC4A transporters contain either Asp or Glu at the corresponding position and maintain a high selectivity to HCO3−. In this study, we tested whether the Cl− transport in D555E is mediated by an interaction between residues in the ion binding site. Human NBCe1 and mutant transporters were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and their ability to transport Cl− was assessed by two-electrode voltage clamp. The results show that the Cl− transport is induced by a charge interaction between Glu555 and Lys558. The bond length between the two residues is within the distance for a salt bridge, and the ionic strength experiments confirm an interaction. This finding indicates that the HCO3− selectivity in NBCe1 is established by avoiding a specific charge interaction in the ion binding site, rather than maintaining such an interaction.
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Zhong B, Jiang K, Wang L, Shen G. Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103257. [PMID: 34713981 PMCID: PMC8728835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter- and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Multi-Omics Study of Keystone Species in a Cystic Fibrosis Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112050. [PMID: 34769481 PMCID: PMC8584531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological networking and in vitro studies predict that anaerobic, mucus-degrading bacteria are keystone species in cystic fibrosis (CF) microbiomes. The metabolic byproducts from these bacteria facilitate the colonization and growth of CF pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, a multi-omics study informed the control of putative anaerobic keystone species during a transition in antibiotic therapy of a CF patient. A quantitative metagenomics approach combining sequence data with epifluorescence microscopy showed that during periods of rapid lung function loss, the patient's lung microbiome was dominated by the anaerobic, mucus-degrading bacteria belonging to Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Prevotella genera. Untargeted metabolomics and community cultures identified high rates of fermentation in these sputa, with the accumulation of lactic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid. P. aeruginosa utilized these fermentation products for growth, as indicated by quantitative transcriptomics data. Transcription levels of P. aeruginosa genes for the utilization of fermentation products were proportional to the abundance of anaerobic bacteria. Clindamycin therapy targeting Gram-positive anaerobes rapidly suppressed anaerobic bacteria and the accumulation of fermentation products. Clindamycin also lowered the abundance and transcription of P. aeruginosa, even though this patient's strain was resistant to this antibiotic. The treatment stabilized the patient's lung function and improved respiratory health for two months, lengthening by a factor of four the between-hospitalization time for this patient. Killing anaerobes indirectly limited the growth of P. aeruginosa by disrupting the cross-feeding of fermentation products. This case study supports the hypothesis that facultative anaerobes operated as keystone species in this CF microbiome. Personalized multi-omics may become a viable approach for routine clinical diagnostics in the future, providing critical information to inform treatment decisions.
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21
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Falk M, Nilsson EJ, Cirovic S, Tudosoiu B, Shleev S. Wearable Electronic Tongue for Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Sweat. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217311. [PMID: 34770617 PMCID: PMC8587441 DOI: 10.3390/s21217311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is a promising biofluid in allowing for non-invasive sampling. Here, we investigate the use of a voltammetric electronic tongue, combining different metal electrodes, for the purpose of non-invasive sample assessment, specifically focusing on sweat. A wearable electronic tongue is presented by incorporating metal electrodes on a flexible circuit board and used to non-invasively monitor sweat on the body. The data obtained from the measurements were treated by multivariate data processing. Using principal component analysis to analyze the data collected by the wearable electronic tongue enabled differentiation of sweat samples of different chemical composition, and when combined with 1H-NMR sample differentiation could be attributed to changing analyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emelie J. Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cirovic
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Sergey Shleev
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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22
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Hanssens LS, Duchateau J, Casimir GJ. CFTR Protein: Not Just a Chloride Channel? Cells 2021; 10:2844. [PMID: 34831067 PMCID: PMC8616376 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in a gene encoding a protein called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). The CFTR protein is known to acts as a chloride (Cl-) channel expressed in the exocrine glands of several body systems where it also regulates other ion channels, including the epithelial sodium (Na+) channel (ENaC) that plays a key role in salt absorption. This function is crucial to the osmotic balance of the mucus and its viscosity. However, the pathophysiology of CF is more challenging than a mere dysregulation of epithelial ion transport, mainly resulting in impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) with consecutive bronchiectasis and in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This review shows that the CFTR protein is not just a chloride channel. For a long time, research in CF has focused on abnormal Cl- and Na+ transport. Yet, the CFTR protein also regulates numerous other pathways, such as the transport of HCO3-, glutathione and thiocyanate, immune cells, and the metabolism of lipids. It influences the pH homeostasis of airway surface liquid and thus the MCC as well as innate immunity leading to chronic infection and inflammation, all of which are considered as key pathophysiological characteristics of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S. Hanssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean Duchateau
- Laboratoire Académique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Georges J. Casimir
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratoire Académique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
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Sabharwal A, Stellrecht E, Scannapieco FA. Associations between dental caries and systemic diseases: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:472. [PMID: 34563194 PMCID: PMC8466895 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate and present evidence from animal and human clinical studies on associations between dental caries and systemic diseases, and to suggest potential mechanisms that might explain such associations. METHODS An electronic search was conducted of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for articles published from 2010 to 2020 in the English language. From the initial search, 404 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. After excluding studies for technical and study limitations, a total of 67 studies were included in the summary tables and additional studies were included in the review to support evidence. RESULTS Few systemic disease and conditions were found to be clinically meaningfully associated with caries experience. Best evidence from human and animal studies described association between metabolic diseases and dental caries. Several interesting animal studies were noted that could generate clinical hypotheses and further investigations in rodent models for cardiovascular injury and hyperglycemia. Inadequate data was found to suggest any modifications to current clinical practice or prevention guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Limited clinical evidence was found connecting several systemic diseases and dental caries. Inadequate data was found to suggest any modifications to current clinical practice or prevention guidelines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding of associations between dental caries and systemic diseases play a crucial role in the treatment planning and education of the dental patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Sabharwal
- Division of Periodontics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, DSB 0156A, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Elizabeth Stellrecht
- Health Sciences Library University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Frank A. Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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24
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Ruksakiet K, Stercz B, Tóth G, Jaikumpun P, Gróf I, Tengölics R, Lohinai ZM, Horváth P, Deli MA, Steward MC, Dobay O, Zsembery Á. Bicarbonate Evokes Reciprocal Changes in Intracellular Cyclic di-GMP and Cyclic AMP Levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060519. [PMID: 34200909 PMCID: PMC8230467 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Cyclic di-GMP and cyclic AMP are second messengers regulating the bacterial lifestyle transition in response to environmental signals. We aimed to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and bicarbonate on intracellular c-di-GMP and cAMP levels, and on biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa was inoculated in a brain−heart infusion medium supplemented with 25 and 50 mM NaCl in ambient air (pH adjusted to 7.4 and 7.7 respectively), or with 25 and 50 mM NaHCO3 in 5% CO2 (pH 7.4 and 7.7). After 16 h incubation, c-di-GMP and cAMP were extracted and their concentrations determined. Biofilm formation was investigated using an xCelligence real-time cell analyzer and by crystal violet assay. Our results show that HCO3− exposure decreased c-di-GMP and increased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm formation was also reduced after 48 h exposure to HCO3−. The reciprocal changes in second messenger concentrations were not influenced by changes in medium pH or osmolality. These findings indicate that HCO3− per se modulates the levels of c-di-GMP and cAMP, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting the planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Laboratory, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Martin C. Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Berg P, Svendsen SL, Sorensen MV, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K, Leipziger J. The molecular mechanism of CFTR- and secretin-dependent renal bicarbonate excretion. J Physiol 2021; 599:3003-3011. [PMID: 33963548 DOI: 10.1113/jp281285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the newly discovered molecular mechanism of secretin-stimulated urine HCO3 - excretion and the role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in renal HCO3 - excretion. The secretin receptor is functionally expressed in the basolateral membrane of the HCO3 - -secreting β-intercalated cells of the collecting duct. Here it activates a fast and efficient secretion of HCO3 - into the urine serving to normalize metabolic alkalosis. The ability to acutely increase renal base excretion is entirely dependent on functional pendrin (SLC26A4) and CFTR, and both proteins localize to the apical membrane of the β-intercalated cells. In cystic fibrosis mice and patients, this function is absent or markedly reduced. We discuss that the alkaline tide, namely the transient urine alkalinity after a meal, has now received a clear physiological explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Berg
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel L Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Vaarby Sorensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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CFTR Modulators: Does One Dose Fit All? J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060458. [PMID: 34073663 PMCID: PMC8224731 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For many people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), CFTR modulators will be the cornerstone of their treatment. These modulators show robust treatment effects at group level in pwCF with specific mutations. The individual effect however, is variable. In this review we will explain reasons for reconsideration of dosing regimens of CFTR modulating therapy in order to improve treatment response and prevent side effects. Since the effect of a drug depends on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of CFTR modulators will be discussed. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships will be used to gain insight in dosage response and exposure response relationships. To understand the cause of variation in drug exposure, pharmacokinetic properties that may change due to CF disease will be explained. We show that with current insight, there are conceivable situations that give reason for reconsideration of dosing regimens, however many questions need to be unravelled.
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27
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Willis JR, Saus E, Iraola-Guzmán S, Cabello-Yeves E, Ksiezopolska E, Cozzuto L, Bejarano LA, Andreu-Somavilla N, Alloza-Trabado M, Blanco A, Puig-Sola A, Broglio E, Carolis C, Ponomarenko J, Hecht J, Gabaldón T. Citizen-science based study of the oral microbiome in Cystic fibrosis and matched controls reveals major differences in diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal species. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1897328. [PMID: 34104346 PMCID: PMC8143623 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1897328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal genetic disease, associated with the production of excessively thick mucosa and with life-threatening chronic lung infections. The microbiota of the oral cavity can act as a reservoir or as a barrier for infectious microorganisms that can colonize the lungs. However, the specific composition of the oral microbiome in CF is poorly understood.Methods: In collaboration with CF associations in Spain, we collected oral rinse samples from 31 CF persons (age range 7-47) and matched controls, and then performed 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing, combined with culture and proteomics-based identification of fungi to survey the bacterial and fungal oral microbiome.Results: We found that CF is associated with less diverse oral microbiomes, which were characterized by higher prevalence of Candida albicans and differential abundances of a number of bacterial taxa that have implications in both the connection to lung infections in CF, as well as potential oral health concerns, particularly periodontitis and dental caries.Conclusion: Overall, our study provides a first global snapshot of the oral microbiome in CF. Future studies are required to establish the relationships between the composition of the oral and lung microbiomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewa Ksiezopolska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A Bejarano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andreu-Somavilla
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Alloza-Trabado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Sola
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Broglio
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Roos FJM, Bijvelds MJC, Verstegen MMA, Roest HP, Metselaar HJ, Polak WG, Jonge HRD, IJzermans JNM, van der Laan LJW. Impact of hypoxia and AMPK on CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion in human cholangiocyte organoids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G741-G752. [PMID: 33655768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00389.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is involved in bicarbonate secretion for the protection against bile toxicity. During liver transplantation, prolonged hypoxia of the graft is associated with cholangiocyte loss and biliary complications. Hypoxia is known to diminish CFTR activity in the intestine, but whether it affects CFTR activity in cholangiocytes remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hypoxia on CFTR activity in intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) and test drug interventions to restore bicarbonate secretion. Fifteen different human ICOs were cultured as monolayers and ion channel [CFTR and anoctamin-1 (ANO1)] activity was determined using an Ussing chamber assay with or without AMP kinase (AMPK) inhibitor under hypoxic and oxygenated conditions. Bile toxicity was tested by apical exposure of cells to fresh human bile. Overall gene expression analysis showed a high similarity between ICOs and primary cholangiocytes. Under oxygenated conditions, both CFTR and ANO1 channels were responsible for forskolin and uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) UTP-activated anion secretion. Forskolin stimulation in the absence of intracellular chloride showed ion transport, indicating that bicarbonate could be secreted by CFTR. During hypoxia, CFTR activity significantly decreased (P = 0.01). Switching from oxygen to hypoxia during CFTR measurements reduced CFTR activity (P = 0.03). Consequently, cell death increased when ICO monolayers were exposed to bile during hypoxia compared with oxygen (P = 0.04). Importantly, addition of AMPK inhibitor restored CFTR-mediated anion secretion during hypoxia. ICOs provide an excellent model to study cholangiocyte anion channels and drug-related interventions. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia affects cholangiocyte ion secretion, leaving cholangiocytes vulnerable to bile toxicity. The mechanistic insights from this model maybe relevant for hypoxia-related biliary injury during liver transplantation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The previously described liver-derived organoids resemble primary cholangiocytes and should be properly named intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs). ICOs have functional cholangiocyte ion channels (CFTR and ANO1). CFTR might be able to secrete bicarbonate directly into the bile duct lumen. Hypoxia inhibits CFTR and ANO1 functionality in ICOs, which can partially be restored by addition of an AMP kinase inhibitor. Hypoxia impairs cholangiocyte resistance against cytotoxic effects of bile, resulting in increased cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J M Roos
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J C Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech G Polak
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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J Burton S, Hachem C, Abraham JM. Luminal Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:4. [PMID: 33758994 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer. General age-related and CF-specific gastrointestinal symptoms are increasingly recognized. In this article, we review the latest data on luminal gastrointestinal manifestations in CF. RECENT FINDINGS People with CF have increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and often prescribed proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). PPI use may increase risk of pulmonary exacerbations. Evidence to support gastric fundoplication to improve pulmonary outcomes is limited. Features of intestinal dysmotility are common. There are distinct differences in the gut microbiome in the CF population which may have clinical implications. CF is a possible hereditary digestive cancer syndrome, particularly in regard to colorectal cancer (CRC) with earlier incidence of CRC and advanced colonic neoplasia. Early screening colonoscopy is warranted in the CF population. Gastrointestinal manifestations in CF are prevalent across all digestive organs. More study on the effect of interventions for symptomatic treatment and cancer screening is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Burton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - Christine Hachem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - James M Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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30
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Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Wanitchakool P, Lerias J, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A Mediates Mucus Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:50-58. [PMID: 33026825 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that was shown to enhance production and secretion of mucus in inflamed airways. It is, however, not clear whether TMEM16A directly supports mucus production, or whether mucin and TMEM16A are upregulated independently during inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined this question using BCi-NS1 cells, a human airway basal cell line that maintains multipotent differentiation capacity, and the two human airway epithelial cell lines, Calu-3 and CFBE. The data demonstrate that exposure of airway epithelial cells to IL-8 and IL-13, two cytokines known to be enhanced in CF and asthma, respectively, leads to an increase in mucus production. Expression of MUC5AC was fully dependent on expression of TMEM16A, as shown by siRNA knockdown of TMEM16A. In addition, different inhibitors of TMEM16A attenuated IL-13-induced mucus production. Interestingly, in CFBE cells expressing F508 delCFTR, IL-13 was unable to upregulate membrane expression of TMEM16A or Ca2+-activated whole cell currents. The regulator of TMEM16A, CLCA1, strongly augmented both Ca2+- and cAMP-activated Cl- currents in cells expressing wtCFTR but failed to augment membrane expression of TMEM16A in F508 delCFTR-expressing CFBE cells. The data confirm the functional relationship between CFTR and TMEM16A and suggest an impaired upregulation of TMEM16A by IL-13 or CLCA1 in cells expressing the most frequent CF-causing mutation F508 delCFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joana Lerias
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Massip-Copiz MM, Valdivieso ÁG, Clauzure M, Mori C, Asensio CJA, Aguilar MÁ, Santa-Coloma TA. Epidermal growth factor receptor activity upregulates lactate dehydrogenase A expression, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and lactate secretion in cultured IB3-1 cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:476-487. [PMID: 33481676 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. It has been postulated that reduced HCO3- transport through CFTR may lead to a decreased airway surface liquid pH. In contrast, others have reported no changes in the extracellular pH (pHe). We have recently reported that in carcinoma Caco-2/pRS26 cells (transfected with short hairpin RNA for CFTR) or CF lung epithelial IB3-1 cells, the mutation in CFTR decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and increased lactic acid production, owing to an autocrine IL-1β loop. The secreted lactate accounted for the reduced pHe, because oxamate fully restored the pHe. These effects were attributed to the IL-1β autocrine loop and the downstream signaling kinases c-Src and JNK. Here we show that the pHe of IB3-1 cells can be restored to normal values (∼7.4) by incubation with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, HER1, ErbB1) inhibitors AG1478 and PD168393. PD168393 fully restored the pHe values of IB3-1 cells, suggesting that the reduced pHe is mainly due to increased EGFR activity and lactate. Also, in IB3-1 cells, lactate dehydrogenase A mRNA, protein expression, and activity are downregulated when EGFR is inhibited. Thus, a constitutive EGFR activation seems to be responsible for the reduced pHe in IB3-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Macarena Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Clauzure
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Consuelo Mori
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian J A Asensio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Á Aguilar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Observations of, and Insights into, Cystic Fibrosis Mucus Heterogeneity in the Pre-Modulator Era: Sputum Characteristics, DNA and Glycoprotein Content, and Solubilization Time. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Airway obstruction with chronic inflammation and infection are major contributors to the lung damage and mortality of cystic fibrosis (CF). A better understanding of the congested milieu of CF airways will aid in improving therapeutic strategies. This article retrospectively reports our observations, and discusses insights gained in the handling and analysis of CF sputa. CF and non-CF mucus samples were surveyed for morphological features by electron microscopy and analyzed for the macromolecular dry weight (MDW), total protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and DNA. Mucus character was investigated with chemical solubilization time as a comparative tool. CF mucus appeared distinctly thick, viscous, and heterogeneous, with neutrophils as the dominant immune cell. CF sputum DNA content varied markedly for and between individuals (~1–10% MDW), as did solubilization times (~1–20 h). CF Sputum DNA up to 7.1% MDW correlated positively with solubilization time, whereas DNA >7.1% MDW correlated negatively. 3D analysis of CF sputa DNA, GP, and solubilization times revealed a dynamic and predictive relationship. Reflecting on the heterogeneous content and character of CF mucus, and the possible interplay in space and time in the respiratory tract of polymeric DNA and mucous glycoproteins, we highlight it’s potential to affect infection-related airway pathologies and the success of therapeutic interventions.
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Antibacterial Effects of Bicarbonate in Media Modified to Mimic Cystic Fibrosis Sputum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228614. [PMID: 33207565 PMCID: PMC7696793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding an epithelial anion channel. In CF, Cl− and HCO3− hyposecretion, together with mucin hypersecretion, leads to airway dehydration and production of viscous mucus. This habitat is ideal for colonization by pathogenic bacteria. We have recently demonstrated that HCO3− inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus when tested in laboratory culture media. Using the same bacteria our aim was to investigate the effects of HCO3− in artificial sputum medium (ASM), whose composition resembles CF mucus. Control ASM containing no NaHCO3 was incubated in ambient air (pH 7.4 or 8.0). ASM containing NaHCO3 (25 and 100 mM) was incubated in 5% CO2 (pH 7.4 and 8.0, respectively). Viable P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells were counted by colony-forming unit assay and flow cytometry after 6 h and 17 h of incubation. Biofilm formation was assessed after 48 h. The data show that HCO3− significantly decreased viable cell counts and biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects were due neither to extracellular alkalinization nor to altered osmolarity. These results show that HCO3− exerts direct antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on prevalent CF bacteria.
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Kini A, Singh AK, Riederer B, Yang I, Tan X, Stefano G, Tan Q, Xiao F, Xia W, Suerbaum S, Seidler U. Slc26a3 deletion alters pH-microclimate, mucin biosynthesis, microbiome composition and increases the TNFα expression in murine colon. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13498. [PMID: 32415725 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM SLC26A3 (DRA) mediates the absorption of luminal Cl- in exchange for HCO3 - in the distal intestine. Its expression is lost in congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD) and strongly decreased in the presence of intestinal inflammation. To characterize the consequences of a loss of Slc26a3 beyond disturbed electrolyte transport, colonic mucus synthesis, surface accumulation and composition, pH microclimate, microbiome composition and development of inflammation was studied in slc26a3-/- mice. METHODS The epithelial surface pH microclimate and the surface mucus accumulation in vivo was assessed by two photon microscopy in exteriorized mid colon of anaesthetized slc26a3-/- and wt littermates. Mucus synthesis, composition and inflammatory markers were studied by qPCR and immunohistochemistry and microbiome composition by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Colonic pH microclimate was significantly more acidic in slc26a3-/- and to a lesser extent in cftr-/- than in wt mice. Goblet cell thecae per crypt were decreased in slc26a3-/- and increased in cftr-/- colon. Mucus accumulation in vivo was reduced, but much less so than in cftr-/- colon, which is possibly related to the different colonic fluid balance. Slc26a3-/- colonic luminal microbiome displayed strong decrease in diversity. These alterations preceded and maybe causally related to increased mucosal TNFα mRNA expression levels and leucocyte infiltration in the mid-distal colon of slc26a3-/- but not of cftr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings may explain the strong increase in the susceptibility of slc26a3-/- mice to DSS damage, and offer insight into the mechanisms leading to an increased incidence of intestinal inflammation in CLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kini
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Anurag K. Singh
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry Martin‐Luther University Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Brigitte Riederer
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Ines Yang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital EpidemiologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Xinjie Tan
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Gabriella Stefano
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Qinghai Tan
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongji HospitalHuazhou University of Technology and Science Wuhan China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery First affiliated Hospital Zheijang University Hangzhou China
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital EpidemiologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Max von Pettenkofer InstituteLMU Munich Munchen Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of GastroenterologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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Oshalim M, Johansson E, Rabe H, Gilljam M, Lindblad A, Jönsson B. Th17 associated cytokines in sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa050. [PMID: 32876666 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease leading to chronic bacterial airway infection and inflammation. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are identified by their production of interleukin (IL)-17A, which recruit neutrophils to the site of airway infection. IL-23 is an important inducer of IL-17 and IL-22 production. The aim of this study was to study the role of Th17 cells in CF airway infection by measuring the levels of Th17 associated cytokines in sputum from CF patients with or without airway infection and by comparison with non-CF-controls. In a cross-sectional screening study, cytokine levels were measured with a Th17 multiplex cytokine ELISA. Significantly lower levels of IL-17A and IL-23 were found in sputa from infected CF patients. The lowest levels of IL-17A were found in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, which also had the lowest IL-17/IL-22 ratio, while children had a higher ratio. Children also had higher IL-23 levels than adults. IL-1ß and IL-10 were significantly lower in CF sputum compared to controls. Thus, in our study CF patients with chronic infections had a lower production of Th17 associated cytokines in sputum compared with non-infected CF patients and infected patient without CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna Oshalim
- Department of infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ewa Johansson
- Department of infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hardis Rabe
- Department of infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marita Gilljam
- Department of Internal medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Respiratory medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
- Gothenburg CF Centre, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindblad
- Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg CF Centre, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bodil Jönsson
- Department of infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bernhard W. Choline in cystic fibrosis: relations to pancreas insufficiency, enterohepatic cycle, PEMT and intestinal microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1737-1759. [PMID: 32797252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder with life-threatening organ manifestations. 87% of CF patients develop exocrine pancreas insufficiency, frequently starting in utero and requiring lifelong pancreatic enzyme substitution. 99% develop progressive lung disease, and 20-60% CF-related liver disease, from mild steatosis to cirrhosis. Characteristically, pancreas, liver and lung are linked by choline metabolism, a critical nutrient in CF. Choline is a tightly regulated tissue component in the form of phosphatidylcholine (Ptd'Cho) and sphingomyelin (SPH) in all membranes and many secretions, particularly of liver (bile, lipoproteins) and lung (surfactant, lipoproteins). Via its downstream metabolites, betaine, dimethylglycine and sarcosine, choline is the major one-carbon donor for methionine regeneration from homocysteine. Methionine is primarily used for essential methylation processes via S-adenosyl-methionine. CLINICAL IMPACT CF patients with exocrine pancreas insufficiency frequently develop choline deficiency, due to loss of bile Ptd'Cho via feces. ~ 50% (11-12 g) of hepatic Ptd'Cho is daily secreted into the duodenum. Its re-uptake requires cleavage to lyso-Ptd'Cho by pancreatic and small intestinal phospholipases requiring alkaline environment. Impaired CFTR-dependent bicarbonate secretion, however, results in low duodenal pH, impaired phospholipase activity, fecal Ptd'Cho loss and choline deficiency. Low plasma choline causes decreased availability for parenchymal Ptd'Cho metabolism, impacting on organ functions. Choline deficiency results in hepatic choline/Ptd'Cho accretion from lung tissue via high density lipoproteins, explaining the link between choline deficiency and lung function. Hepatic Ptd'Cho synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) partly compensates for choline deficiency, but frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms enhance choline requirement. Additionally, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) frequently causes intraluminal choline degradation in CF patients prior to its absorption. As adequate choline supplementation was clinically effective and adult as well as pediatric CF patients suffer from choline deficiency, choline supplementation in CF patients of all ages should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Gróf I, Bocsik A, Harazin A, Santa-Maria AR, Vizsnyiczai G, Barna L, Kiss L, Fűr G, Rakonczay Z, Ambrus R, Szabó-Révész P, Gosselet F, Jaikumpun P, Szabó H, Zsembery Á, Deli MA. The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, a Beneficial Adjuvant Molecule in Cystic Fibrosis, on Bronchial Epithelial Cells Expressing a Wild-Type or Mutant CFTR Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114024. [PMID: 32512832 PMCID: PMC7312297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental results with inhaled sodium bicarbonate as an adjuvant therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) are promising due to its mucolytic and bacteriostatic properties, but its direct effect has not been studied on respiratory epithelial cells. Our aim was to establish and characterize co-culture models of human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cell lines expressing a wild-type (WT) or mutant (deltaF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel with human vascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of bicarbonate. Vascular endothelial cells induced better barrier properties in CFBE cells as reflected by the higher resistance and lower permeability values. Activation of CFTR by cAMP decreased the electrical resistance in WT but not in mutant CFBE cell layers confirming the presence and absence of functional channels, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (100 mM) was well-tolerated by CFBE cells: it slightly reduced the impedance of WT but not that of the mutant CFBE cells. Sodium bicarbonate significantly decreased the more-alkaline intracellular pH of the mutant CFBE cells, while the barrier properties of the models were only minimally changed. These observations indicate that sodium bicarbonate is beneficial to deltaF508-CFTR expressing CFBE cells. Thus, sodium bicarbonate may have a direct therapeutic effect on the bronchial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Raquel Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gaszton Vizsnyiczai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UR 2465, Artois University, F-62300 Lens, France;
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Hajnalka Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, H-8000 Székesfehérvár, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 40:105-117. [PMID: 31721070 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-019-00861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO3- leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO3 inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO3 solutions (4.2% and 8.4%). METHODS An experimental, prospective, open-label, pilot, clinical study was conducted with 12 CF volunteer participants over 18 years of age with bronchiectasis and pulmonary functions classified as mildly to severely depressed. Sputum rheology, pH, and microbiology were examined as well as spirometry, exercise performance, quality-of-life assessments, dyspnea, blood count, and venous blood gas levels. RESULTS Sputum pH increased immediately after inhalation of NaHCO3 at each clinical visit and was inversely correlated with rheology when all parameters were evaluated: [G' (elasticity of the mucus) = - 0.241; G″ (viscosity of the mucus) = - 0.287; G* (viscoelasticity of the mucus) = - 0.275]. G* and G' were slightly correlated with peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and quality of life; G″ was correlated with quality of life; sputum pH was correlated with oxygen consumption (VO2) and vitality score in quality of life. No changes were observed in blood count, venous blood gas, respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature, or incidence of dyspnea. No adverse events associated with the study were observed. CONCLUSION Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation appears to be a safe and well tolerated potential therapeutic agent in the management of CF. Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation temporarily elevates airway liquid pH and reduces sputum viscosity and viscoelasticity.
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De Boeck K. Cystic fibrosis in the year 2020: A disease with a new face. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:893-899. [PMID: 31899933 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The autosomal recessive disease cystic fibrosis (CF) was once untreatable and deadly in childhood, but now most patients survive to adulthood. Many countries have instituted CF newborn screening because early diagnosis improves outcome. CF research has greatly intensified following the discovery of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which has more than 2000 different mutations. For patients with common mutations like F508del, CFTR modulators are life transforming and may even prevent major complications if started early in childhood. For some patients with rare CFTR mutations, a treatment path still needs to be developed. Conclusion: This review provides a general update on CF, including screening and current and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris De Boeck
- Pediatric Pulmonology University Hospitals of Leuven University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
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40
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Natochin YV, Kuznetsova AA, Prokopenko AV, Milani GP, Lava SAG, Marina AS. Osmoregulation in children with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:835-838. [PMID: 31897839 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyponatremia is not rare in cystic fibrosis and might be due to several mechanisms. An endocrine and renal imbalance in water and salt homeostasis was suggested. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the urinary concentrating and diluting ability in 12 cystic fibrosis patients (6 females, 6 males) and in two control groups: 14 children with pneumonia (9 females, 5 males) and in 13 healthy children (9 females, 4 males). Renal concentrating ability was evaluated following overnight water deprivation. Urine osmolality was not significantly different between groups. Renal diluting ability was assessed by means of a water-load test. This provoked a decrease in urine osmolality, as well as an increase in diuresis and solute-free water excretion. These changes were comparable among groups.Conclusion: Children with cystic fibrosis show a preserved renal concentrating and diluting capacity. A generalized endocrine and renal imbalance in water and salt homeostasis therefore appears unlikely.What is Known:•Hyponatremia sometimes occurs in cystic fibrosis.What is New:•Osmoregulation is normal in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Natochin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Renal Physiology and Water Salt Balance, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Torez 44, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194223.
| | - Alla A Kuznetsova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Renal Physiology and Water Salt Balance, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Torez 44, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194223.,Department of Faculty Paediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Litovskaya av. 2, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194100
| | - Anastasia V Prokopenko
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Renal Physiology and Water Salt Balance, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Torez 44, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194223.,Department of Faculty Paediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Litovskaya av. 2, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194100
| | - Gregorio P Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano A G Lava
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna S Marina
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Renal Physiology and Water Salt Balance, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Torez 44, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194223
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Tang Y, Yan Z, Engelhardt JF. Viral Vectors, Animal Models, and Cellular Targets for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:524-537. [PMID: 32138545 PMCID: PMC7232698 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades since clinical trials tested the first use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, gene therapy for this disorder has undergone a tremendous resurgence. Fueling this enthusiasm has been an enhanced understanding of rAAV transduction biology and cellular processes that limit transduction of airway epithelia, the development of new rAAV serotypes and other vector systems with high-level tropism for airway epithelial cells, an improved understanding of CF lung pathogenesis and the cellular targets for gene therapy, and the development of new animal models that reproduce the human CF disease phenotype. These advances have created a preclinical path for both assessing the efficacy of gene therapies in the CF lung and interrogating the target cell types in the lung required for complementation of the CF disease state. Lessons learned from early gene therapy attempts with rAAV in the CF lung have guided thinking for the testing of next-generation vector systems. Although unknown questions still remain regarding the cellular targets in the lung that are required or sufficient to complement CF lung disease, the field is now well positioned to tackle these challenges. This review will highlight the role that next-generation CF animal models are playing in the preclinical development of gene therapies for CF lung disease and the knowledge gaps in disease pathophysiology that these models are attempting to fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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McMahon DB, Carey RM, Kohanski MA, Tong CCL, Papagiannopoulos P, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Neuropeptide regulation of secretion and inflammation in human airway gland serous cells. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01386-2019. [PMID: 32029445 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01386-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Airway submucosal gland serous cells are sites of expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and are important for fluid secretion in conducting airways. To elucidate how neuropeptides regulate serous cells, we tested if human nasal turbinate serous cells secrete bicarbonate (HCO3 -), important for mucus polymerisation and antimicrobial peptide function, during stimulation with cAMP-elevating vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and if this requires CFTR. Serous cells stimulated with VIP exhibited a ∼15-20% cAMP-dependent decrease in cell volume and a ∼0.15 unit decrease in intracellular pH (pHi), reflecting activation of Cl- and HCO3 - secretion, respectively. HCO3 - secretion was directly dependent on CFTR and was absent in cells from CF patients. In contrast, neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduced VIP-evoked cAMP increases, CFTR activation, and Cl-/HCO3 - secretion. Culture of primary serous cells in a model that maintained a serous phenotype confirmed the activating and inhibiting effects of VIP and NPY, respectively, on fluid and HCO3 - secretion. Moreover, VIP enhanced antimicrobial peptide secretion and antimicrobial efficacy of secretions while NPY reduced antimicrobial efficacy. In contrast, NPY enhanced cytokine release while VIP reduced cytokine release through a mechanism requiring CFTR. As levels of VIP and NPY are up-regulated in diseases like allergy, asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis, the balance of these two peptides in the airway may control mucus rheology and inflammatory responses in serous cells. Furthermore, the loss of CFTR conductance in serous cells may contribute to CF pathophysiology by increasing serous cells inflammatory responses in addition to directly impairing Cl- and HCO3 - secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B McMahon
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Carey
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles C L Tong
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Papagiannopoulos
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Measurement of Multi Ion Transport through Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Line Provides an Insight into the Mechanism of Defective Water Transport in Cystic Fibrosis. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10030043. [PMID: 32178452 PMCID: PMC7142439 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We measured concentration changes of sodium, potassium, chloride ions, pH and the transepithelial potential difference by means of ion-selective electrodes, which were placed on both sides of a human bronchial epithelial 16HBE14σ cell line grown on a porous support in the presence of ion channel blockers. We found that, in the isosmotic transepithelial concentration gradient of either sodium or chloride ions, there is an electroneutral transport of the isosmotic solution of sodium chloride in both directions across the cell monolayer. The transepithelial potential difference is below 3 mV. Potassium and pH change plays a minor role in ion transport. Based on our measurements, we hypothesize that in a healthy bronchial epithelium, there is a dynamic balance between water absorption and secretion. Water absorption is caused by the action of two exchangers, Na/H and Cl/HCO3, secreting weakly dissociated carbonic acid in exchange for well dissociated NaCl and water. The water secretion phase is triggered by an apical low volume-dependent factor opening the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator CFTR channel and secreting anions that are accompanied by paracellular sodium and water transport.
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Noël S, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Mucoviscidosis: fisiopatología, genética, aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos. EMC. PEDIATRIA 2020; 55:1-23. [PMID: 32288518 PMCID: PMC7147672 DOI: 10.1016/s1245-1789(20)43427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
La mucoviscidosis es la enfermedad autosómica recesiva grave más frecuente que afecta a la población caucásica. En Francia, por ejemplo, la incidencia es de un caso por cada 4.500 nacimientos. Esta enfermedad se debe a mutaciones en el gen CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, regulador de conductancia transmembrana de la fibrosis quística), situado en el brazo largo del cromosoma 7, que codifica una proteína transmembrana implicada en la regulación del transporte transepitelial de iones cloruro (Cl–). En Francia, la mutación más frecuente (alrededor del 80% de los casos) es la deleción del aminoácido 508 (fenilalanina), denominada F508del. La ausencia o la disfunción de la proteína CFTR provoca un defecto en el transporte de Cl– y un aumento de la reabsorción de sal y agua, en particular en el epitelio bronquial, lo que conlleva una reducción del líquido de la superficie bronquial. Esta exocrinopatía generalizada conduce a la producción de «moco viscoso» (de ahí el nombre de mucoviscidosis), que obstruye varios sitios en el cuerpo, en particular el sistema respiratorio, el tracto digestivo y sus anexos (páncreas, vías biliares e hígado). La detección neonatal se ha generalizado desde 2002. La prueba del sudor es la prueba complementaria de referencia, validada por la identificación de dos mutaciones patógenas, para la confirmación del diagnóstico. El tratamiento es multidisciplinario. Se basa ante todo en la kinesiterapia respiratoria diaria y el tratamiento de las sobreinfecciones broncopulmonares, así como en las recomendaciones nutricionales con el uso de extractos pancreáticos. Es probable que el pronóstico, todavía muy desfavorable, se modifique con la llegada de terapias proteínicas o de edición de ácido ribonucleico o de gen.
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Pieper M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Mall MA, Hüttmann G, König P. Intravital microscopic optical coherence tomography imaging to assess mucus-mobilizing interventions for muco-obstructive lung disease in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L518-L524. [PMID: 31994896 PMCID: PMC7093113 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00287.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus obstruction is a hallmark of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and COPD, and the development of more effective mucus-mobilizing therapies remains an important unmet need for patients with these muco-obstructive lung diseases. However, methods for sensitive visualization and quantitative assessment of immediate effects of therapeutic interventions on mucus clearance in vivo are lacking. In this study, we determined whether newly developed high-speed microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT) is sensitive to detect and compare in vivo effects of inhaled isotonic saline, hypertonic saline, and bicarbonate on mucus mobilization and clearance in Scnn1b-transgenic mice with muco-obstructive lung disease. In vivo mOCT imaging showed that inhaled isotonic saline-induced rapid mobilization of mucus that was mainly transported as chunks from the lower airways of Scnn1b-transgenic mice. Hypertonic saline mobilized a significantly greater amount of mucus that showed a more uniform distribution compared with isotonic saline. The addition of bicarbonate-to-isotonic saline had no effect on mucus mobilization, but also led to a more uniform mucus layer compared with treatment with isotonic saline alone. mOCT can detect differences in response to mucus-mobilizing interventions in vivo, and may thus support the development of more effective therapies for patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pieper
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany
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Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M, Batura-Gabryel H. Salivary Biomarkers and Oral Microbial Load in Relation to the Dental Status of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120692. [PMID: 31847106 PMCID: PMC6955745 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) can modify the physical and chemical properties of saliva, which in turn can affect the oral microflora and oral health in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of the study was to examine oral health status, salivary properties, and total oral bacteria count in CF adults. Dental status was assessed using the decayed missing filled surfaces (DMF-S) index, and oral clearness using the approximal plaque index (API). The Saliva-Check BUFFER test was used to assess saliva, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to determine the total oral bacteria count. CF patients in comparison to healthy controls showed a higher level of examined clinical indices, higher total oral bacteria count, lower salivary flow rate, lower salivary pH, and increased viscosity. Conclusions: In CF patients, saliva properties, accompanied by insufficient dental care, might be an essential dental caries risk factor. In CF patients, among the etiological factors for dental caries, the bacterial agent seems to be less significant. The frequent and long-term infectious pharmacotherapy can probably explain that. A great deal of the information collected on the oral environment in CF patients, which has helped us understand the etiological conditions for inflammation and infection in this area of the body, indicates that proper dental care can mostly counteract these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
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Brown TP, Ganapathy V. Lactate/GPR81 signaling and proton motive force in cancer: Role in angiogenesis, immune escape, nutrition, and Warburg phenomenon. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107451. [PMID: 31836453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of biochemical pathways is a hallmark of cancer cells, and generation of lactic acid from glucose/glutamine represents one of the consequences of such metabolic alterations. Cancer cells export lactic acid out to prevent intracellular acidification, not only increasing lactate levels but also creating an acidic pH in extracellular milieu. Lactate and protons in tumor microenvironment are not innocuous bystander metabolites but have special roles in promoting tumor-cell proliferation and growth. Lactate functions as a signaling molecule by serving as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR81, involving both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the autocrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on cancer cells; in the paracrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes present in tumor stroma. The end result of GPR81 activation is promotion of angiogenesis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. The acidic pH creates an inwardly directed proton gradient across the cancer-cell plasma membrane, which provides driving force for proton-coupled transporters in cancer cells to enhance supply of selective nutrients. There are several molecular targets in the pathways involved in the generation of lactic acid by cancer cells and its role in tumor promotion for potential development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Sankararaman S, Schindler T, Sferra TJ. Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Children. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 34 Suppl 1:S27-S42. [DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology; Department of Pediatrics; UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Teresa Schindler
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology; Department of Pediatrics; UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Thomas J. Sferra
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology; Department of Pediatrics; UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland Ohio USA
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Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Niclosamide repurposed for the treatment of inflammatory airway disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128414. [PMID: 31391337 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are characterized by mucus hypersecretion and airway plugging. In both CF and asthma, enhanced expression of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel TMEM16A is detected in mucus-producing club/goblet cells and airway smooth muscle. TMEM16A contributes to mucus hypersecretion and bronchoconstriction, which are both inhibited by blockers of TMEM16A, such as niflumic acid. Here we demonstrate that the FDA-approved drug niclosamide, a potent inhibitor of TMEM16A identified by high-throughput screening, is an inhibitor of both TMEM16A and TMEM16F. In asthmatic mice, niclosamide reduced mucus production and secretion, as well as bronchoconstriction, and showed additional antiinflammatory effects. Using transgenic asthmatic mice, we found evidence that TMEM16A and TMEM16F are required for normal mucus production/secretion, which may be due to their effects on intracellular Ca2+ signaling. TMEM16A and TMEM16F support exocytic release of mucus and inflammatory mediators, both of which are blocked by niclosamide. Thus, inhibition of mucus and cytokine release, bronchorelaxation, and reported antibacterial effects make niclosamide a potentially suitable drug for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases, such as CF, asthma, and COPD.
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Seidler U, Nikolovska K. Slc26 Family of Anion Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Expression, Function, Regulation, and Role in Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:839-872. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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