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Chen KQ, Wang SZ, Lei HB, Liu X. Ophiopogonin D: review of pharmacological activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1401627. [PMID: 39101149 PMCID: PMC11295246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1401627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ophiopogon D is an important natural organic compound in Ophiopogon japonicus, which often has significant biological activity. Purpose The purpose of this review is to systemically summarize and discuss the pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms of OP-D in recent years. Method PubMed and Web of Science were searched with the keywords:"Ophiopogon japonicus", "Ophiopogon D" "pharmacology", and "pharmacokinetics". There was no restriction on the publication year, and the last search was conducted on 1 Jan 2024. Results Emerging evidence suggests that OP-D possess numerous pharmacological activities, including bone protection, cardiovascular protection, immune regulation, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-NAFLD. Conclusion OP-D has a potential value in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. We hope that this review will contribute to therapeutic development and future studies of OP-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-qian Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shu-zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hai-bo Lei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, Puente SL, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Dirven Y, Manini P, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (ginseng tincture) for horses, dogs and cats (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J 2024; 22:e8730. [PMID: 38591023 PMCID: PMC11000137 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (ginseng tincture), when used as a sensory additive in feed for horses, dogs and cats. The product is a water/ethanol (40:60 v/v) solution, with a dry matter content of no more than 6% and a content of 0.01%-0.5% (w/w) for the sum of the two triterpene saponins ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the tincture is safe for horses, dogs and cats at the maximum proposed use level of 48.6, 228.7 and 162 mg/kg complete feed, respectively. The Panel also concluded that the additive is considered safe for consumers when used at the proposed conditions of use in feed for horses. Ginseng tincture should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The use of the ginseng tincture as a flavour in feed for horses was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since the roots of P. ginseng and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same, no demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
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Wang H, Tang L, Hu S, Kong X, Ouyang Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Tang S, Wu H, Yang H. Chemical profiling of Shengmai injection, tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ginsenosides after intravenous dosing Shengmai injection in rats with cerebral ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117119. [PMID: 37659763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shengmai injection (SMI), consisting of Panax ginseng, Fructus schisandrae, and Radix ophiopogonis, has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to uncover the chemical profile of SMI, tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the main compounds after administration by combing UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method was firstly established for the chemical profiling analysis of SMI. Then UPLC-QQQ-MS method was used to quantitatively analyze the contents of the main identified compounds in SMI and in the different tissues after intravenous dosing SMI in rats with cerebral ischemia. Finally, a new method was developed for the pharmacokinetic study of ginsenosides with considerable exposure. RESULTS A total of 59 compounds were identified in SMI, including 25 ginsenosides, 25 lignans, four ophiopogon saponins, and five flavonoids. Among them, 26 compounds were confirmed by the standard substance. By UPLC-QQQ-MS, 23 chemical compounds were then quantitatively identified with their contents in SMI. Ginsenosides, as the main active compounds from Panax ginseng, showed the highest contents in SMI. Fifteen compounds including ginsenosides and Schisandrol were further found to have considerable exposure in different tissues. A rapid, sensitive, and specified method was then developed for simultaneously detecting the seven ginsenosides in the plasma and had good method validation. Pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that PPD type ginsenosides (Rd, Rb1, Rc) were all exhibited at higher levels of exposure in the plasma and had a much slower elimination rate, whereas PPT type ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rf, Rg2) underwent fast elimination. CONCLUSION This study systematically revealed the ingredients of SMI and their tissue distribution. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ginsenosides were also discovered. The findings provide a helpful reference for the pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical research on SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Tianjin Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital (Nankai Hospital), Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shaowei Hu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xixian Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Yang G, Li S, Sun X, Lv Y, Huang H. Quality monitoring of Shenmai injection by HPLC pharmacodynamic fingerprinting. BMC Chem 2023; 17:28. [PMID: 36966333 PMCID: PMC10039686 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A probable problem of disconnection between chemical fingerprints and drug effects for TCMs would be contrary to the original intention of fingerprint research, and limits the development and application of fingerprints. In this study, Shenmai injection, as a treatment dosage form of coronary heart disease, shock, and viral myocarditis clinically, was applied as the research object. The fingerprint of Shenmai injection was constructed, and the pharmacodynamic test of antioxidant effect was carried out to obtain quantitative characteristics and pharmacodynamic data. On this basis, a monitoring model based on the HPLC pharmacodynamic fingerprint was established to evaluate the quality of Shenmai injections from different batches and different manufacturers. Results showed that the optimized HPLC method had good repeatability, precision, and stability. A total of 28 characteristic peaks were identified to provide more chemical information. Furthermore, 13 ginsenosides and notoginsenoside have been selected as characteristic components of LC/MS fingerprint method. 8 peaks closely related to antioxidant properties by multiple linear regression method, which were identified as Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, and some other ginsenosides using MS analysis. The monitoring model based on HPLC pharmacodynamic fingerprint could successfully identify quality differences for Shenmai injections. Based on the case study of Shenmai injection, the novel and practical fingerprint analytical strategy could be further applied to monitor or predict the quality of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Hongxia Huang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Wen M, Yang L, Huang H, Ye G, Jiang Y, Lv X. Development of na HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 from 'Shenmai' Injection in beagle dogs after single and multiple doses and application in pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5565. [PMID: 36515658 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Shenmai Injection (SMI), which tonifies Qi and prevents exhaustion, nourishes Yin and generates body fluid, is usually used in the treatment of shock with deficiency of Qi and Yin, coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, granulocytopenia and chronic pulmonary heart disease clinically. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 are the main active ingredients of SMI. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of Rb1 and Rg1 in beagle dogs were developed and validated according to international regulatory guidelines. The methods were applied to measure the pharmacokinetics parameters of the two ginsenoside after intravenous administration. The linear ranges of the analytes were 3.9-1,000 ng/ml for Rg1 and Rb1. After injection of single and multiple doses of SMI (1 ml/kg), the plasma concentration-time profiles of Rg1 and Rb1 met the characteristics of one-compartment and typical two-compartment intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu Univeristy, Kunming, China
| | - Lipan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Hefei Huang
- Kunming Hehe Medical Laboratory, Kunming, China
| | - Gu Ye
- Kunming Hehe Medical Laboratory, Kunming, China
| | | | - Xiaobo Lv
- Kunming Hehe Medical Laboratory, Kunming, China
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He Y, Hu C, Liu S, Xu M, Liang G, Du D, Liu T, Cai F, Chen Z, Tan Q, Deng L, Xia Q. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Shenmai Injection in Treating Acute Pancreatitis: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Verification. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2479-2495. [PMID: 35941928 PMCID: PMC9356589 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas without specific treatment. Shenmai injection (SMI) was reported to eliminate the severity of experimental AP. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the synergistic protective effects of SMI on AP based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking based on identified components were performed to construct the potential therapeutic targets and pathways. The principal components of SMI were detected via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). Effect of SMI and the identified components on cellular injury and IL6/STAT3 signaling was assessed on mouse pancreatic acinar cell line 266–6 cells. Finally, 4% sodium taurocholate (NaT) was used to induce AP model to assess the effects of SMI in treating AP and validate the potential molecular mechanisms. Results By searching the TCMSP and ETCM databases, 119 candidate components of SMI were obtained. UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis successfully determined the representative components of SMI: ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ophiopogonin D. Fifteen hub targets and eight related pathways were obtained to establish the main pharmacology network. Subnetwork analysis and molecular docking indicated that the effects of these four main SMI components were mostly related to the interleukin (IL) 6/STAT3 pathway. In vitro, SMI, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ophiopogonin D increased the cell viability of NaT-stimulated mouse pancreatic acinar 266–6 cells and decreased IL6 and STAT3 expression. In vivo, 10 mL/kg SMI significantly alleviated the pancreatic histopathological changes and the expression of IL6 and STAT3 in the AP mice. Conclusion This study demonstrated SMI may exert anti-inflammatory effects against AP by suppressing IL6/STAT3 activation, thus providing a basis for its potential use in clinical practice and further study in treating AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu He
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Liang
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Du
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cai
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Chen
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Tan
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihui Deng
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lihui Deng, Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Qing Xia
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Gao XY, Liu GC, Zhang JX, Wang LH, Xu C, Yan ZA, Wang A, Su YF, Lee JJ, Piao GC, Yuan HD. Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:754191. [PMID: 35462899 PMCID: PMC9019721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.754191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from the berry, leaf, stem, flower bud, and root of Panax ginseng. In recent years, ginsenoside Re (Re) has been attracting attention as a dietary phytochemical. In this review, studies on Re were compiled by searching a combination of keywords, namely “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology,” in the Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The aim of this review was to provide an exhaustive overview of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of Re, focusing on clinical evidence that has shown effectiveness in specific diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Re is also known to eliminate virus, enhance the immune response, improve osteoporosis, improve skin barrier function, enhance intracellular anti-oxidant actions, regulate cholesterol metabolism, alleviate allergic responses, increase sperm motility, reduce erectile dysfunction, promote cyclic growth of hair follicles, and reduce gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. Furthermore, this review provides data on pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicological factors to examine the safety profile of Re. Such data will provide a theoretical basis and reference for Re-related studies and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | | | | | - Ling-He Wang
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Zi-An Yan
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Ao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Yi-Fei Su
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Jung-Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Chun Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-Chun Piao, ; Hai-Dan Yuan,
| | - Hai-Dan Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-Chun Piao, ; Hai-Dan Yuan,
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8
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Shen BQ, Qu C, Mi L, Wang HY, Yang H. Simultaneous quantification of twenty-eight components of Shenfu Injection in rat plasma by UHPLC-QQQ MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114211. [PMID: 34171738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Shenfu Injection (SFI), derived from the classical traditional Chinese medicine formula "Shenfu Decoction", is a modern preparation used to treat heart failure and shock in clinic. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ MS) method was established to simultaneously quantify twenty-eight main active components of SFI in rat plasma, including eighteen ginsenosides and ten aconite alkaloids. Multi-reaction monitoring in positive and negative ionization switching modes is used for mass spectrometry analysis, and the whole analysis process was within 14 min. The developed method was well validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of multiple components of SFI in rat plasma. Eight PPD-type ginsenosides Ra2, Ra3, Rb1, Ra1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd presented relative high systemic exposure levels among ginsenosides with AUC0-t larger than 10,000 μg h/L, while mesaconine and hypaconine possessed relative high plasma abundance among aconite alkaloids with AUC0-t at 142.50 ± 17.42 μg h/L and 40.65 ± 5.61 μg h/L, respectively. Several PPT-type ginsenosides had obviously higher AUC0-t levels (e.g. 639.70 ± 134.61 μg h/L for ginsenoside Re and 874.79 ± 188.87 μg h/L for ginsenoside Rg1) than alkaloids but similar t1/2 levels (0.14 ± 0.03 h for ginsenoside Re, 0.16 ± 0.03 h for ginsenoside Rg1, 0.04-0.33 h for aconite alkaloids), indicating their quick elimination. Collectively, the pharmacokinetic research of ginsenosides and aconite alkaloids in SFI would provide a scientific basis for its clinical use and drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ni M, Wang H, Wang M, Zhou W, Zhang J, Wu J, Zhang D, Jing Z, Liu X, Wu Z, Guo S, Jia S, Zhang X, Sheng X. Investigation on the Efficiency of Chinese Herbal Injections for Treating Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Vinorelbine and Cisplatin Based on Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:631170. [PMID: 33708126 PMCID: PMC7941272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.631170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seriously threatens human health, several clinical studies have reported that Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin (NP) are beneficial. This multidimensional network meta-analysis was performed to explore the preferable options among different CHIs for treating NSCLC. Methods: A literature search was performed in several databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHIs in the treatment of NSCLC from inception to January 31, 2019. Final included studies met the eligibility criteria and methodological quality recommendations. Data analysis was performed using Stata 13.0 and WinBUGS 14.0 software. Each outcome was presented as an odds ratio and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value (SCURA). The “scatterplot3d” package in R 3.6.1 software was used to perform multidimensional cluster analysis. Results: Ultimately, 97 eligible RCTs involving 7,440 patients and 14 CHIs were included in this network meta-analysis. Combined with NP chemotherapy, Kanglaite injection plus NP exhibited a better impact on the clinical effectiveness rate (SCURA probability: 78.34%), and Javanica oil emulsion injection plus NP was better in the performance status (95.44%). Huachansu injection plus NP was dominant in reducing thrombocytopenia (92.67%) and gastrointestinal reactions (92.52%). As to multidimensional cluster analysis, Shenmai injection plus NP was superior considering improving the clinical effectiveness rate, performance status and relieving leukopenia. Conclusions: The combination of CHIs and NP has a better impact on patients with NSCLC than NP alone. Among them, Shenmai injection plus NP, Kanglaite injection plus NP and Javanica oil emulsion injection plus NP were notable. Nevertheless, more multicenter and better designed RCTs are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jing
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Sheng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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The Inhibition Effects of Shenmai Injection on Acetylcholine-Induced Catecholamine Synthesis and Secretion by Modulating Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ion Channels in Cultured Bovine Adrenal Medullary Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:8514926. [PMID: 33456492 PMCID: PMC7787763 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8514926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Shenmai injection (SMI) has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. Cardiovascular disorders are often related to excessive catecholamine (CA) secretion. Here, we report the effects of SMI on CA secretion and synthesis in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. We found that SMI significantly reduced CA secretion induced by 300 μM acetylcholine (ACh). Cotreatment with SMI (10 μL/mL) and either of the ACh receptor α-subunit inhibitors, HEX (α3) or DhβE (α4β2), did not produce any further inhibition, indicating that SMI may play a role through α3 and α4β2 channels. Furthermore, SMI reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity induced by ACh by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TH at Ser19 and Ser40. TH is phosphorylated at Ser19 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) and at Ser40 by protein kinase A (PKA). KN-93 and H89, the antagonists of CaM kinase II and PKA, respectively, inhibited the ACh-induced phosphorylation at Ser19 and Ser40, and the addition of SMI did not augment the inhibitory effect. Taken together, our results show that SMI likely inhibits CA secretion by blocking TH activity at its Ser19 and Ser40 sites.
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Zhong C, Jiang C, Ni S, Wang Q, Cheng L, Wang H, Zhang Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang M, Jin M, Shen P, Yao X, Wang G, Zhou F. Identification of bioactive anti-angiogenic components targeting tumor endothelial cells in Shenmai injection using multidimensional pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1694-1708. [PMID: 33088689 PMCID: PMC7564034 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shenmai injection (SMI) is a well-defined herbal preparation that is widely and clinically used as an adjuvant therapy for cancer. Previously, we found that SMI synergistically enhanced the activity of chemotherapy on colorectal cancer by promoting the distribution of drugs in xenograft tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms and bioactive constituents remained unknown. In the present work, the regulatory effects of SMI on tumor vasculature were determined, and the potential anti-angiogenic components targeting tumor endothelial cells (TECs) were identified. Multidimensional pharmacokinetic profiles of ginsenosides in plasma, subcutaneous tumors, and TECs were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of protopanaxadiol-type (PPD) ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, Rc, and Rd) in both plasma and tumors, were higher than those of protopanaxatriol-type (Rg1 and Re) and oleanane-type (Ro) ginsenosides. Among PPD-type ginsenosides, Rd exhibited the greatest concentrations in tumors and TECs after repeated injection. In vivo bioactivity results showed that Rd suppressed neovascularization in tumors, normalized the structure of tumor vessels, and improved the anti-tumor effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in xenograft mice. Furthermore, Rd inhibited the migration and tube formation capacity of endothelial cells in vitro. In conclusion, Rd may be an important active form to exert the anti-angiogenic effect on tumor after SMI treatment.
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12
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Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of saponins after intravenous administration of ShenMai Injection in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1128:121777. [PMID: 31487566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ShenMai Injection (SMI) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been extensively applied in the treatment of coronary artery disease and tumor for many years. However, there is still lack of deep research on the behaviors of SMI in vivo. In this study, a reliable, specific, and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous determination of sixteen saponins found in SMI using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of sixteen active compounds after a single intravenous administration of SMI. These compounds included seven protopapaxdiol (PPD-type) ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, S-Rg3, R-Rg3), six protopapaxtriol (PPT-type) ginsenosides (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Re, Rf, Rg1, S-Rg2, R-Rg2), one oleanolic acid type ginsenoside (ginsenoside Ro) and two ophiopogonins (ophiopogonin D (MD-D) and ophiopogonin D' (MD-D')). Connection of the C-20 hydroxyl group to the glycoside and the chiral configuration of C-20 might significantly impact the pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo of ginsenosides, particularly PPD-type ginsenosides. PPD-type ginsenosides were usually eliminated slowly in serum and tissues, but S/R-Rg3 bearing a free hydroxyl group at C-20 exhibited quick elimination, and R-Rg3 underwent quicker elimination than S-Rg3. The PPT-type ginsenosides, oleanolic acid type ginsenoside and ophiopogonins underwent a fast elimination from serum and tissues. There were 10 ginsenosides that could penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In contrast to other saponins, the distributions of S-Rg2, R-Rg2, S-Rg3, R-Rg3, MD-D and MD-D' in liver were higher than in kidney. Several PPD-type ginsenosides were found to have a long-term accumulation risk in some tissues, especially Rd in kidney. In the excretion study, Rg1, S-Rg2 and MD-D were mainly excreted in a prototype and other saponins were mainly excreted in the form of metabolites. Prototypes of S-Rg2, R-Rg2, S-Rg3, R-Rg3, MD-D and MD-D' exhibited higher distribution in the liver than kidney, were excreted mainly in the feces, whereas prototypes of the remaining saponins were primarily excreted via urine. To best our knowledge, this is the first study to quantitatively evaluate the tissue distribution and excretion of SMI in rats. Our research provides novel insight into the behaviors in vivo of PPD-type ginsenosides and delivers valuable information for further drug development of SMI.
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Ophiopogon Polysaccharide Promotes the In Vitro Metabolism of Ophiopogonins by Human Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162886. [PMID: 31398918 PMCID: PMC6719028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in metabolism of intake saponins, and parallelly, the polysaccharides deriving from herbal products possess effects on gut microbiota. Ophiopogonis Radix is a common Chinese herb that is popularly used as functional food in China. Polysaccharide and steroidal saponin, e.g., ophiopogonin, mainly ophiopogonin D (Oph-D) and ophiopogonin D' (Oph-D'), are the major constituents in this herb. In order to reveal the role of gut microbiota in metabolizing ophiopogonin, an in vitro metabolism of Oph-D and Oph-D' by human gut microbiota, in combination with or without Ophiopogon polysaccharide, was conducted. A sensitive and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously quantify Oph-D, Oph-D' and their final metabolites, i.e., ruscogenin and diosgenin in the broth of microbiota. An elimination of Oph-D and Oph-D' was revealed in a time-dependent manner, as well as the recognition of a parallel increase of ruscogenin and diosgenin. Ophiopogon polysaccharide was shown to stimulate the gut microbiota-induced metabolism of ophiopogonins. This promoting effect was further verified by increased activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-xylosidase, α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-fucosidase in the broth. This study can be extended to investigate the metabolism of steroidal saponins by gut microbiota when combined with other herbal products, especially those herbs enriched with polysaccharides.
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Yu J, Li Y, Liu X, Ma Z, Michael S, Orgah JO, Fan G, Zhu Y. Mitochondrial dynamics modulation as a critical contribution for Shenmai injection in attenuating hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:9-19. [PMID: 30880258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenmai injection (SMI) is a CFDA-approved and widely prescribed herbal medicine injection in China for treating cardiac dysfunction, especially myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, despite of its known clinical efficacy, the cardioprotective mechanisms of SMI remain to be established. AIM OF STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the role of SMI on mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in cardiomyocytes with a hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) injury setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to 12 h of hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation to induce cellular injury. Multi-parameter imaging analysis was performed using Operetta High Content Imaging System to detect changes in mitochondrial function and morphological texture. The mPTP opening was directly assessed by analyzing mitochondrial calcein release in H9c2 and by Ca2+-induced swelling of isolated cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by XF 24 analyzer of Seahorse Bioscience. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were used to detect mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion and fission biomarkers at the gene and protein levels. RESULTS Pretreatment of SMI significantly improved myocardial cell survival and protected against H/R-induced deterioration of mitochondrial structure and function, as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial mass and cytosolic Ca2+, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial morphology by SER Texture analysis, inhibited mPTP opening in H9c2 cells and isolated cardiac mitochondria, and alleviated severely impaired mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, SMI attenuated H/R injury by inducing mitophagy and then modulated mitochondrial dynamics as indicated by a significantly increased expression of LC3, Beclin 1, Parkin and Pink, and the inhibition of excessive mitochondria fission and increased mitochondrial fusion. Finally, the cardioprotective effect of SMI was confirmed in a LAD-induced cardiac dysfunction model in vivo. CONCLUSION We found that alleviation of H/R injury by pretreatment with SMI may be attributable to inducing mitophagy and modulating mitochondrial dynamics in cardiomyocytes, thereby providing a rationale for future clinical applications and potential mitoprotective therapy for MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sarhene Michael
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - John O Orgah
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Davis MP, Behm B. Ginseng: A Qualitative Review of Benefits for Palliative Clinicians. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2019; 36:630-659. [PMID: 30686023 DOI: 10.1177/1049909118822704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used for centuries to treat various diseases and has been commercially developed and cultivated in the past 300 years. Ginseng products may be fresh, dried (white), or dried and steamed (red). Extracts may be made using water or alcohol. There are over 50 different ginsenosides identified by chromatography. We did an informal systematic qualitative review that centered on fatigue, cancer, dementia, respiratory diseases, and heart failure, and we review 113 studies in 6 tables. There are multiple potential benefits to ginseng in cancer. Ginseng, in certain circumstances, has been shown to improve dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure through randomized trials. Most trials had biases or unknown biases and so most evidence is of low quality. We review the gaps in the evidence and make some recommendations regarding future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- 1 Palliative Care Department, Knapper Cancer Center, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Bertrand Behm
- 1 Palliative Care Department, Knapper Cancer Center, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhao B, Wu W, Yang X, Long S, Deng H, He W, Liao G, Li Q, Xie Z. Shenmai injection for the treatment of cancer-related fatigue in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:474. [PMID: 30180874 PMCID: PMC6123916 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common symptom in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing treatment with chemotherapy. However, evidence upon which to base management strategies is scarce. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been shown to be beneficial to patients with CRF. Chinese herbal injections should be administered under an evidence-based approach. This trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of the addition of the Shenmai injection (SMI) to conventional therapy for CRF in NSCLC patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS/DESIGN The study is a two-group, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SMI for CRF NSCLC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Eligible participants will be randomized to either a treatment group receiving a 5-day Shenmai injection regimen plus conventional therapy or a control group receiving only conventional therapy. The primary outcome is fatigue, assessed using severity scores from the Functional Assessment for Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) measurement system. Secondary outcomes include symptom distress scores, depression, sleep disorders, quality of life, and levels of immunologic indicators. Assessments will be carried out at baseline and on day 5 (the end of the intervention). DISCUSSION This study can provide evidence to support clinical decision-making in the management of CRF in NSCLC patients undergoing chemotherapy in a way that can be scaled up and used throughout China. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( chictr.org.cn ), ChiCTR-INR-17013737 . Registered on 6 December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Baiming Zhao
- Department of TCM, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Wanyin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Shunqin Long
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Wenfeng He
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Guiya Liao
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
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Wang Y, Huang X, Ma Z, Wang Y, Chen X, Gao Y. Ophiopogonin D alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in rat by upregulating CYP2J3 in vitro and suppressing inflammation in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1011-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Liu X, Chen L, Liu M, Zhang H, Huang S, Xiong Y, Xia C. Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd Remarkably Inhibited the Hepatic Uptake of Ophiopogonin D in Shenmai Injection Mediated by OATPs/oatps. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:957. [PMID: 30186179 PMCID: PMC6113708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Shenmai injection (SMI) is derived from traditional Chinese herbal prescription Shendong yin and widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. Ophiopogonin D (OPD) is one of the main active components of SMI. The hepatic uptake of OPD is mediated by organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs/oatps) and inhibited by some other components in SMI. This study aimed to identify the active components of SMI responsible for the inhibitory effects on hepatic uptake of OPD in rats and explore the compatibility mechanisms of complex components in SMI based on OATPs/oatps. The known effective fractions, the known components in Shenmai Formula, and the fractions obtained from SMI by HPLC gradual-separation technology were individually/combinedly tested for their effects on OPD uptake in rat primary hepatocytes and recombinant OATP1B1/OATP1B3-expressing HEK293T cells. The results indicated that the OPD uptake was inhibited by panaxadiol-type ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd), but slightly influenced by panaxatriol-type ginsenosides in rat primary hepatocytes and recombinant cells. The fractions of SMI-3-1 (0–11 min) and SMI-3-3 (15–20 min) obtained by HPLC gradual-separation technology were proved to be the major effective fractions that influenced the OPD uptake, and subsequently identified as ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd, respectively. The plasma concentrations of OPD in rats given OPD+ginsenoside Rb1+ginsenoside Rd were higher compared to rats given OPD alone at the same dose. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd are the major effective components in SMI that remarkably inhibited the hepatic OPD uptake mediated by OATPs/oatps. The interaction of complex components by OATPs/oatps may be one of the important compatibility mechanisms in SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shibo Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhan S, Ding B, Ruan YE, Huang X, Liu G, Lv X, Huang X, Li M, Jiang N, Shao Q. A simple blood microdialysis in freely-moving rats for pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling study of Shengmai injection with simultaneous determination of drug concentrations and efficacy levels in dialysate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Xu R, Wang Q, Wang X. Simultaneous determination of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, scutellarin, berberine, coptisine, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Re of Banxia xiexin decoction in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Juan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Ranchi Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Qiangli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhu CY. Pharmacokinetics and correlation between in vitro release and in vivo absorption of bio-adhesive pellets of panax notoginseng saponins. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:142-151. [PMID: 28284427 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to prepare and compare bio-adhesive pellets of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), chitosan, and chitosan : carbomer, explore the influence of different bio-adhesive materials on pharmacokinetics behaviors of PNSbio-adhesive pellets, and evaluate the correlation between in vivo absorption and in vitro release (IVIVC). In order to predict the in vivo concentration-time profile by the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets, the release experiment was performed using the rotating basket method in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The PNS concentrations in rat plasma were analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS method and the relative bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Kinetica4.4 pharmacokinetic software. Numerical deconvolution method was used to evaluate IVIVC. Our results indicated that, compared with ordinary pellets, PNS bio-adhesive pellets showed increased oral bioavailability by 1.45 to 3.20 times, increased Cmax, and extended MRT. What's more, the release behavior of drug in HPMC pellets was shown to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism, a synergetic function of diffusion and skeleton corrosion. The in vitro release and the in vivo biological activity had a good correlation, demonstrating that the PNS bio-adhesive pellets had a better sustained release. Numerical deconvolution technique showed the advantage in evaluation of IVIVC for self-designed bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC. In conclusion, the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC can predict its concentration-time profile in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li T, Chu Y, Yan K, Li S, Wang X, Wang Y, Li W, Ma X, Yang J, Liu C. Simultaneous determination of tanshinol, protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyang Li
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Wei Li
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Tasly Academy; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd; Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
| | - Jin Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Tianjin China
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research; Tianjin China
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Potential accumulation of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in six-months toxicokinetic study of SHENMAI injection in dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 83:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cheng YY, Tsai TH. Analysis of Sheng-Mai-San, a Ginseng-Containing Multiple Components Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Physical Examination by Electron and Light Microscopies. Molecules 2016; 21:E1159. [PMID: 27598107 PMCID: PMC6273333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheng-Mai-San is a multi-component traditional Chinese herbal preparation. Due to the fact granulated additives, such as starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, lactose and raw herbal powder may alter the content of the bioactive markers in the herbal products, a developed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was used to measure the herbal biomarkers of ginsenoside Rb₁, Rb₂, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg₁, Rh₁, compound K, ophiopogonin D and schizandrin from the Sheng-Mai-San herbal formulation. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the herbal granular powders. Light microscopy with Congo red and iodine-KI reagent staining was used to identify the cellulose fiber and cornstarch added to pharmaceutical herbal products. The swelling power (SP), water solubility index (WSI), and crude fiber analysis were used to determine the contents of cellulose fiber and cornstarch in pharmaceutical herbal products. In this study, we developed a novel skill to assess the quantification of appended cornstarch in pharmaceutical herbal products using Aperio ImageScope software. Compared with the traditional cornstarch analysis, our analysis method is a rapid, simple and conversion process which could be applied to detect the percentage of added cornstarch in unknown powder products. The various range of the herbal content for the five pharmaceutical manufacturers varied by up to several hundreds-fold. The physical examination reveals that the morphology of the herbal pharmaceutical products is rough and irregular with sharp layers. This study provides a reference standard operating procedure guide for the quality control of the Chinese herbal pharmaceutical products of Sheng-Mai-San.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan.
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan.
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Zhang K, Wang X, Guan F, Li Q, Li J. Immobilization of Ophiopogonin D on stainless steel surfaces for improving surface endothelialization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonin D, a traditional Chinese medicine, was immobilized onto the surface of cardiovascular 316L SS material to improve surface endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology
- Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Science
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Qian Li
- National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology
- Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology
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Peng C, Yang Y, Lv C, Jin H, Tao J, Yuan X, Huang H, Han L, Chang W, Liu R, Zhang W. Pharmacokinetic study of five ginsenosides using a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method following single and multiple oral administration of Shexiang Baoxin pills to rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:425-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongge Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Military Command General Hospital; Beijing 100700 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lv
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy; Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine University; Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Tao
- Pharmacy Department; Shanghai Yangsi Hospital; Shanghai 200126 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Huimei Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy; Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine University; Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Chang
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy; Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine University; Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Runhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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Zhan S, Shao Q, Fan X, Li Z. Development of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of eleven constituents in rat serum and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of a Chinese medicine Shengmai injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:275-84. [PMID: 25043947 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of 11 constituents, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rd, Rc, ophiopogonin D, schisandrin, schisandrol B and schizandrin B, in rat serum using digoxin as the internal standard (IS). The serum samples were pretreated and extracted with a two-step liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 analytical column with a proper gradient elution using 0.02% acetic acid aqueous solution and 0.02% acetic acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. MS detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source. Good linearity was observed in the validated concentration range for every analyte (r(2) ≥0.9929), and the lower limits of quantitation of the analytes were in the range of 0.044-1.190 ng/mL in rat serum. Intra- and inter-day precisions were <14.2%. The accuracy expressed as recovery was within the range of 85.1-112.8%. The extraction recoveries were >75.8%.The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of all analytes in rats after single intravenous administration of Shengmai injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
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Geng C, Yin JY, Yu XH, Liu JY, Yang YX, Sun DY, Meng Q, Wei ZL, Liu JH. Tissue distribution and excretion study of neopanaxadiol in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:333-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Geng
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-yuan Yin
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-hua Yu
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine Research Center; The Affiliated Hospital To Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; 1478 Gongnong Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-yan Liu
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-xia Yang
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - De-ya Sun
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Meng
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-lin Wei
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-hua Liu
- Department of Natural products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
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Yu J, Xin YF, Gu LQ, Gao HY, Xia LJ, You ZQ, Xie F, Ma ZF, Wang Z, Xuan YX. One-month toxicokinetic study of SHENMAI injection in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:391-399. [PMID: 24747029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 'SHENMAI' injection (SMI) has been widely used in cardioprotection and modulation of the immune system because of its great efficacy. SMI primarily comprises the saponins from Panax ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicas. The profiles of saponins in SMI during long-term toxicokinetics remain unclear. MiR-146a possesses excellent sensitivity as a bio-marker in the innate immunity modification effect of SMI. AIM OF THE STUDY Is to monitor the exposure level of SMI during a one-month toxicokinetic experiment, an analytical method involving ESI-LC-MS/MS technology was developed to determine 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd), 20 (S)-protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside (Rg1, Re, Rf), oleanolic acid-type ginsenoside (Ro), and ophiopogonin D in rats. The levels of AST, CK, ALT, SOD, GSH-pX, MDA, miR-146a, and ECG were measured to explore the effects of SMI in cardiologic function and immune activity. RESULTS Results show that the levels of AST, CK, and MDA decreased upon the administration of SMI. The level of miR-146a increased upon the administration of SMI dosage. During the administration of SMI, increasing exposure levels of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides were also observed. CONCLUSION The 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides were considered potential PK/TK markers because of their high exposure levels that continuously increased. Oxidative stress was slightly alleviated during the toxicokinetic study. Based on the level of miR-146a, negatively regulated innate immunity was observed. The regulation became more serious with increasing exposure levels of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. Negatively regulated innate immunity could be induced by long-term administration of SMI (>0.4g/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Fei Xin
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li-Qiang Gu
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Gao
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Juan Xia
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang You
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhu-Feng Ma
- Chiatai QingChunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Chiatai QingChunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao-Xian Xuan
- Center for Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhan SY, Shao Q, Fan XH, Li Z, Cheng YY. Tissue distribution and excretion of herbal components after intravenous administration of a Chinese medicine (Shengmai injection) in rat. Arch Pharm Res 2014. [PMID: 24748511 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Shengmai injection, consisting of Panax ginseng, Radix ophiopogonis and Schisandra chinensis, is a widely used Chinese medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, tissue distribution and excretion of its multiple active components including protopanaxatriol-type (Ppt-type) ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rf and Rg2), protopanaxadiol-type (Ppd-type) ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rb1, Rd and Rc), ophiopogonin (ophiopogonin D), and lignan (schisandrin, schisandrol B and schizandrin B) in rat after single intravenous administration of Shengmai injection were reported. Ppt-type ginsenosides exhibited quick and wide distribution from blood into tissues and were eliminated rapidly through biliary, urinary and fecal excretions. Ppd-type ginsenosides Rb1, Rd and Rc distributed quickly from blood to all tissues but exhibited slow elimination by biliary and urinary excretions. Ophiopogonin D was excreted into bile with no urinary and fecal excretion, indicating its elimination in the form of secondary metabolites. Schisandrin, schisandrol B and schizandrin B was found to distribute quickly from blood into most tissues and had accumulation in these tissues. Very low biliary, urinary and fecal excretion implied that lignan was mainly excreted in the form of their metabolites. This study produced a first hand in vivo tissue distribution and dynamic profiles of the active components of Shengmai injection, providing valuable information for drug development and clinical application of Shengmai injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Lv C, Li Q, Zhang X, He B, Xu H, Yin Y, Liu R, Liu J, Chen X, Bi K. Simultaneous quantitation of polygalaxanthone III and four ginsenosides by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in rat and beagle dog plasma after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1103-10. [PMID: 24610822 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A fast, selective, and quantitative ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of polygalaxanthone III, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, and ginsenoside Rg1 in the plasma of rat and beagle dog after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San. After addition of the internal standard, salidroside, the plasma samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a Venusil MP C18 column with methanol/0.01% acetic acid water as mobile phase. The tandem mass spectrometric detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring with turbo ion spray source in a switching ionization mode. The method was examined, and found to be precise and accurate with the linearity range of the compounds. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy of the analytes were well within acceptance criteria (±15%). The mean extraction recoveries of analytes and internal standard were all >75.0%. The validated method has been successfully applied to comparing pharmacokinetic profiles of analytes in rat and beagle dog plasma. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rg1, while the others had significant differences, which may due to the different mechanisms of absorption and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese, Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhan S, Guo W, Shao Q, Fan X, Li Z, Cheng Y. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of drug-drug interaction between ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and schizandrin after intravenous administration to rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:333-339. [PMID: 24462784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and schizandrin are main bioactive components from Panax ginseng and Schisandra chinensis. They have been found in many prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) and proven to be effective for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. It is valuable to investigate their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior and potential synergistic effect for better drug development and clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetic and nitric oxide (NO) release pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and schisandrin were studied after intravenous administration of each compound with the dose of 10 mg/kg and their mixture with the total dose of 10 mg/kg to isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia rats. Drug concentrations in serum were determined using LC-MS method. Nitrite and nitrate (NOx(-)), the predominant oxidation product of NO in serum was used as an effective marker and quantitated by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL). The main pharmacokinetic parameters of T(1/2β), MRT(0-∞), Vd, Cl, and AUC, and the main pharmacodynamic parameters of Cmax, Tmax and AUEC were calculated by non-compartment model. RESULTS The results indicated ginsenoside Rb1 and (or) schisandrin in mixture could significantly postpone the elimination of ginsenoside Rg1 in rat serum. Co-administration of three compounds markedly increased the systemic exposure level of each compound in vivo. Ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1 had the effect of inducing real-time NO release in rats concentration dependently. Schisandrin had no effect of inducing real-time NO release in this study. The mixture of ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1 and schisandrin administration exhibited synergistic effect of inducing NO release in ISO treated rats. CONCLUSIONS The result obtained from this study suggested pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions between ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1 and schisandrin. The study provided valuable information for drug development and clinical application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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An overview of systematic reviews of shenmai injection for healthcare. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:840650. [PMID: 24669229 PMCID: PMC3942339 DOI: 10.1155/2014/840650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Shenmai injection (SMI) is widely applied in clinical practice as an organ protector. This overview is to evaluate the current evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of SMI for healthcare. The literature searches were carried out in 6 databases without language restrictions until December 2012. The quality of the primary studies from the respective SRs was evaluated by using Jadad score. The overview quality assessment questionnaire (OQAQ) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of all included SRs. Twenty eligible SRs were identified. They reported a wide range of conditions, including SMI for cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, viral myocarditis, tumor chemotherapy, and adverse drug reactions. Most of the primary studies were of good quality only in 1 SR of non-small-cell lung cancer. According to the OQAQ scores, the quality of included SRs was variable and six reviews were of high quality with a score of 5 points. Two SRs showed that SMI had low adverse drug reaction occurrence. In conclusion, there is mixed evidence to support efficacy of SMI for an adjunct therapy to tumor chemotherapy and premature evidence for the use of SMI for cardio/cerebrovascular disorders and viral myocarditis. SMI seems generally safe for clinical application. Further large sample-size and well-designed RCTs are needed.
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Xing L, Xie L, Liang Y, Xing R, Rao T, Zhou L, Wang Q, Fu H, Ye W, Wang G. Evaluation of liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry on the quantitative analysis for ginsenosides. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1003-10. [PMID: 24420027 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is ideal and desirable for a single instrument to meet the requirement of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of complicated components in pharmacokinetic research for herbal medicine. Liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) was recently confirmed as a very powerful tool for the qualitative analysis of both target and nontarget components in herbal medicines. The present study was designed to investigate the feasibility of LCMS-IT-TOF on quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in biological matrices. A simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure was followed by injection of the extracts onto a C₁₈ column with gradient elution and detection based on LCMS-IT-TOF system in negative scan mode. The developed method was validated with respect to the limit of quantification, linear dynamic range, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and stabilities. All the results suggested that the presently developed method was sufficiently sensitive and robust enough to simultaneously monitor 15 ginsenosides with diverse properties and a large range of concentration differences. Therefore, this method would be expected to be highly useful for comprehensive studies of ginsenosides in complicated matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Lv C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Sui Z, He B, Xu H, Yin Y, Chen X, Bi K. A UFLC-MS/MS method with a switching ionization mode for simultaneous quantitation of polygalaxanthone III, four ginsenosides and tumulosic acid in rat plasma: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and Alzheimer's disease rats. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:904-913. [PMID: 23893636 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fast, sensitive and reliable ultra fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of polygalaxanthone III (POL), ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), ginsenoside Rd (GRd), ginsenoside Re (GRe), ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and tumulosic acid (TUM) in rat plasma after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San, which plays an important role for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The plasma samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate-isopropanol (1:1, v/v) with salidrdoside as internal standard (IS). Good chromatographic separation was achieved using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.01% acetic acid in water. The tandem mass spectrometric detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode on 4000Q UFLC-MS/MS system with turbo ion spray source in a negative and positive switching ionization mode. The lower limits of quantification were 0.2-1.5 ng/ml for all the analytes. Both intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of analytes were well within acceptance criteria (±15%). The mean absolute extraction recoveries of analytes and IS from rat plasma were all more than 60.0%. The validated method has been successfully applied to comparing pharmacokinetic profiles of analytes in normal and AD rat plasma. The results indicated that no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of GRe, GRg1 and TUM were observed between the two groups, while the absorption of POL and GRd in AD group were significantly higher than those in normal group; moreover, the GRb1 absorbed more rapidly in model group. The different characters of pharmacokinetics might be caused by pharmacological effects of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Guan X, Chang H, Sun F, Chen X, Zhang W, Fan G. Determination of esculentoside A in dog plasma by LC–MS/MS method: Application to pre-clinical pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 72:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Simultaneous Determination of Ten Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Functional Foods and Ginseng Raw Plant Materials by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Peng D, Wang H, Qu C, Xie L, Wicks SM, Xie J. Ginsenoside Re: Its chemistry, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Chin Med 2012; 7:2. [PMID: 22314249 PMCID: PMC3296575 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the bioactive components of ginseng, can be divided into two major groups, namely 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (e.g. Re, Rg1, Rg2, and Rb3) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (e.g. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd). Biological and environmental factors may affect the content of ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng plant. Evidence from pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of Re demonstrated that (1) the absorption of Re is fast in gastrointestinal tract; (2) Re may be metabolized mainly to Rh1 and F1 by intestinal microflora before absorption into blood; and (3) Re is quickly cleared from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Peng
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support ginseng's use worldwide. In the past decade, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of ginseng research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the isolation and analysis of ginseng, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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40
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Simultaneous determination of three Panax notoginseng saponins at sub-nanograms by LC–MS/MS in dog plasma for pharmacokinetics of compound Danshen tablets. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:3331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Shi Y, Sun C, Zheng B, Li Y, Wang Y. Simultaneous determination of nine ginsenosides in functional foods by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector detection. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Zhou D, Tong L, Wan M, Wang G, Ye Z, Wang Z, Lin R. An LC-MS method for simultaneous determination of nine ginsenosides in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:720-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Liang Y, Kang A, Xie T, Zheng X, Dai C, Hao H, A J, Sheng L, Xie L, Wang GJ. Influence of segmental and selected ion monitoring on quantitation of multi-component using high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry: Simultaneous detection of 16 saponins in rat plasma as a case. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4501-6. [PMID: 20462585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Quadrupole (Q) mass spectrometers are the most popular analytical tools due to their reliability, effectiveness, and low cost. However, they are not suitable for quantitative analysis of multi-component since the sensitivity will get worse rapidly with the increasing number of m/z detected. The present work, for the first time, attempted to analyze of 16 saponins simultaneously using an approach of segmental and selected ion monitoring (SSIM) based on LC-Q/MS, and systematically investigated the influence of different SSIM modes on signal level/noise level (S/N), lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), upper limits of quantification (ULOQs), etc. Our results showed that a proper SSIM mode could not only provide much higher sensitivity for all the targeting analytes, but also dramatically broadened their dynamic ranges. The developed methodology could effectively break the application bottleneck on the quantitative analysis of multi-component with LC-Q/MS, and would be applied widely in related fields for multi-component analysis, such as environmental monitoring, metabonomics, Chinese herbal medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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44
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Jia Y, Xie H, Wang G, Sun J, Wang W, Qing H, Wang X, Yang H, Xu M, Gu Y, Yao C, Shen J. Quantitative determination of helicid in rat biosamples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:791-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Ha YW, Ahn KS, Lee JC, Kim SH, Chung BC, Choi MH. Validated quantification for selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:3017-25. [PMID: 20169333 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cellular behavior of ginsenosides on cancer cells has not been measured directly despite their potent anticancer activities and biological actions. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to measure the selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides in both cell lysates and culture media. Fifteen ginsenosides were separated within 17 min with good peak shapes using a 2-microm sub-particle size C18 column. Quantification was performed by triple-quadrupole MS with electrospray ionization in negative ion mode. The sample preparation containing the solid-phase extraction was linear (correlation coefficient, r(2) > 0.992) for all analytes, while the limit of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL in both matrices. The assay precision (%CV) and accuracy (%bias) at three different concentrations (5, 20, and 100 ng/mL) were 1.4% to 11.6% and 94.9% to 106.4%, respectively. When this method was used to examine the selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides, the relative non-polar and protopanaxadiol class ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, Rh2, compound-K, and protopanaxadiol (PPD), showed cellular uptake in the MCF-7 cells, but the relative polar and protopanaxatriol class of ginsenosides did not accumulate in the cells. The most non-polar ginsenoside PPD, which is an aglycone of the protopanaxadiol type, resulted in the highest uptake rate. These results show that the different anticancer activities are due to the selective uptake of ginsenosides based on their chemical structures. This LC-MS-based method can be used to estimate the biological activity of ginsenosides on cells from their structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wan Ha
- Life/Health Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolkok-dong, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon HY, Park CW, Hong DK, Jeong HJ, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Lim KM. Pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Re with pure ginsenoside Re and ginseng berry extracts in mouse using ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:278-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Yang H, Wang G, Hao H, Tu P, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Wang Y, Dai L. A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of echinacoside and its pharmacokinetic application in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:630-7. [PMID: 19277965 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the determination of echinacoside in rat plasma was established and fully validated. A single step of liquid-liquid extraction with n-butanol was utilized. Chromatographic separation of the analyte and the internal standard (IS), chlorogenic acid, from the sample matrix was performed using a Capcell-MG C(18) analytical column (100 2.0 mm x 5 microm), with a gradient of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% acetic acid as the mobile phase. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source operated in negative ion selected reaction monitoring mode. The method was linear in the concentration range 10-2500 ng/mL. The deviations of both intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were 7.1% and the assay accuracies were within 99.2-106.5%. Echinacoside proved to be stable during sample storage, preparation and analysis when an antioxidant solution was used. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after an intragastric administration of echinacoside (100 mg/kg). With the lower limit of quantification at 10 ng/mL, this method proved to have sufficient selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility for the pharmacokinetic study of echinacoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038, People's Republic of China
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48
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Deng GF, Wang DL, Meng MX, Hu F, Yao TW. Simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and icariin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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