1
|
Mutić S, Stanković D, Kónya Z, Anojčić J. Facile immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on Pt,Ru-C nanocomposite and ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode for an efficient amperometric free cholesterol biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5709-5722. [PMID: 37453937 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In present work, the enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized by Nafion® (Naf) on Pt,Ru-C nanocomposite and an ionic liquid (IL)-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) in order to create cholesterol biosensor (Naf/ChOx/Pt,Ru-C/IL-CPE). The prepared working electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry, while their electrochemical performance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetric, and amperometric techniques. Excellent synergism between IL 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([AMIM][DCA]), Pt,Ru-C, and ChOx, as modifiers of CPE, offers the most pronounced analytical performance for improved cholesterol amperometric determination in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.50 at a working potential of 0.60 V. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear relationship between oxidation current and cholesterol concentration was found for the range from 0.31 to 2.46 µM, with an estimated detection limit of 0.13 µM and relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5.5%. The optimized amperometric method in combination with the developed Naf/ChOx/Pt,Ru-C/IL-CPE biosensor showed good repeatability and high selectivity towards cholesterol biosensing. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to determine free cholesterol in a human blood serum sample via its enzymatic reaction product hydrogen peroxide despite the presence of possible interferences. The percentage recovery ranged from 99.08 to 102.81%, while RSD was below 2.0% for the unspiked as well as the spiked human blood serum sample. The obtained results indicated excellent accuracy and precision of the method, concluding that the developed biosensor can be a promising alternative to existing commercial cholesterol tests used in medical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Mutić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Radioisotopes, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla Tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jasmina Anojčić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sait STL, Survilienė V, Jüssi M, Gonzalez SV, Ciesielski TM, Jenssen BM, Asimakopoulos AG. Determination of steroid hormones in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) blood plasma using convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023; 254:124109. [PMID: 36535212 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid solid phase extraction (HybridSPE) protocol tailored to ultra-performance convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPC2-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 19 steroid hormones in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) blood plasma. In this study, the protocol demonstrated acceptable absolute recoveries ranging from 33 to 90%. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a gradient elution program with a total run time of 5 min. For most target analytes, the method repeatability ranged from 1.9 to 24% and the method limits of quantification (mLOQs) ranged from 0.03 to 1.67 ng/mL. A total of 9 plasma samples were analysed to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method, and 13 steroid hormones were quantified in grey seal pup plasma. The most prevalent steroids: cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were detected at concentrations in the range of 12.6-40.1, 7.10-24.2, 0.74-10.7, 1.06-5.72, 0.38-4.38 and <mLOQ - 1.01 ng/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine steroid hormones in the plasma of pinnipeds using convergence chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Thora Lea Sait
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vaida Survilienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mart Jüssi
- Pro Mare MTÜ, Saula, Kose, Harjumaa, 75101, Estonia
| | - Susana V Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A New Heart-Cutting Method for a Multiplex Quantitative Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Plasma Using 2D-LC/MS/MS Technique. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031379. [PMID: 36771043 PMCID: PMC9921923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to develop a simple and rapid mass spectrometry-based assay for the determination of 15 steroid hormones in human plasma in a single run, which would be suitable for a routine practice setting. For this purpose, we designed a procedure based on the 2D-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a minimalistic sample pre-treatment. In our arrangement, the preparation of one sample takes only 10 min and can accommodate 40 samples per hour when tested in series. The following analytical run is 18 min long for all steroid hormones. In addition, we developed an independent analytical run for estradiol, significantly increasing the assay accuracy while taking an additional 10 min to perform an analytical run of a sample. The optimized method was applied to a set of human plasma samples, including chylous. Our results indicate the linearity of the method for all steroid hormones with squared regression coefficients R2 ≥ 0.995, within-run and between-run precision (RSD < 6.4%), and an accuracy of 92.9% to 106.2%. The absolute recovery for each analyzed steroid hormone ranged between 101.6% and 116.5%. The method detection limit for 15 steroid hormones ranged between 0.008 nmol/L (2.88 pg/mL) for aldosterone and 0.873 nmol/L (0.252 ng/mL) for DHEA. For all the analytes, the lowest calibration point relative standard deviation was less than 10.8%, indicating a good precision of the assay within the lowest concentration of interest. In conclusion, in this method article, we describe a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective 2D-LC/MS/MS method suitable for the routine analysis of a complex of steroid hormones allowing high analytical specificity and sensitivity despite minimal sample processing and short throughput times.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho SE, Han J, Park JH, Park E, Kim GY, Lee JH, Yi A, Lee SG, Lee EH, Yun YM. Clinical Usefulness of Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Low Serum Testosterone Measurement. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:19-28. [PMID: 36045053 PMCID: PMC9467846 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mass spectrometry methods exhibit higher accuracy and lower variability than immunoassays at low testosterone concentrations. We developed and validated an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay for quantifying serum total testosterone. Methods We used an ExionLC UPLC (Sciex, Framingham, MA, USA) system and a Sciex Triple Quad 6500+ (Sciex) MS/MS system in electrospray ionization and positive ion modes with multiple reaction monitoring transitions to evaluate precision, accuracy, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), carryover, ion suppression, stability, and reference intervals. For method comparison, we measured serum testosterone concentrations using this method in 40 subjects whose testosterone concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 55.48 nmol/L as determined using the Architect i2000 immunoassay (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA) and in an additional 160 sera with testosterone concentrations <1.67 nmol/L. Results The intra- and inter-run precision CVs were <2.81%, and the accuracy bias values were <3.85%, which were all acceptable. The verified linear interval was 0.03-180.84 nmol/L; the LLOQ was 0.03 nmol/L. No significant carryover and ion suppression were observed. The testosterone in serum was stable at 4°C, at -20°C, and after three freeze-thaw cycles. The reference intervals were successfully verified. The correlation was good at testosterone concentrations of 0.14-55.48 nmol/L; however, the Architect assay showed positive percent bias at concentrations <1.67 nmol/L. Conclusions The UPLC-MS/MS assay shows acceptable performance, with a lower LLOQ than the immunoassay. This method will enable the quantitation of low testosterone concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jungsun Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Euna Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Geun Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ahram Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang Gon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GCLabs, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Design and Validation of a Sensitive Multisteroid LC-MS/MS Assay for the Routine Clinical Use: One-Step Sample Preparation with Phospholipid Removal and Comparison to Immunoassays. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314691. [PMID: 36499017 PMCID: PMC9736865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid analysis in clinical laboratories is dominated by immunoassays (IAs) that have a high sample turnover but are inherently limited in trueness, precision, and sensitivity. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has proved to be a far more capable tool, delivering better sensitivity, specificity, and the possibility of parallel analysis of multiple steroids and metabolites, providing the endocrinologist with more reliable and comprehensive diagnostic information. An LC-MS/MS assay with gradient elution over less than eight minutes and a one-step sample preparation combining protein precipitation with phospholipid removal of off-line solid-phase extraction was developed and validated. It allowed the quantification of 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC), 11-deoxycortisol (11-DF), 17-OH-progesterone (17P), 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF), androstenedione (ANDRO), aldosterone (ALDO), corticosterone (CC), cortisol (CL), cortisone (CN), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG), and testosterone (TES) in human serum. Interday imprecision was generally better than 15%, trueness was proven by recovery experiments with ISO 17034-certified reference materials, proficiency testing (UK NEQAS), and measuring serum reference standards. In-house comparison against IVD-CE-certified immunoassays (IA) for 17P, ANDRO, CL, DHEAS, E2, PROG, and TES was conducted by assessing leftover routine patient samples and purpose-built patient serum pools. None of the compared routine IAs were meeting the standards of the LC-MS/MS. Insufficient overall comparability was found for ANDRO and 17P (mean bias > +65%). Accuracy limitations at lower concentrations were present in IAs for PROG, E2, and TES.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Zhan M, Wu H, Feng P, Jin X, Wan Z, Yan J, Zhang P, Ke P, Zhuang J, Zhou J, Han L, Huang X. Simultaneous quantitation of 17 endogenous adrenal corticosteroid hormones in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS and their application in congenital adrenal hyperplasia screening. Front Chem 2022; 10:961660. [PMID: 36034654 PMCID: PMC9403142 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.961660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate investigation of adrenal hormone levels plays a vital role in pediatric endocrinology for the detection of steroid-related disorders. This study aims to develop a straightforward, sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method to quantify 17 endogenous adrenal corticosteroid hormones in human plasma. These hormones are the main ingredients in the synthetic and metabolic pathways of adrenal corticosteroid hormones. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column before electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode with a run time of 7 min. The samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and required no derivatization. Analytical performance was evaluated, including linearity, analytical sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. Plasma specimens from 32 congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients and 30 healthy volunteers were analyzed to further reveal the diagnostic value of multiple steroid hormones in the synthetic and metabolic pathways of adrenal corticosteroid in CAH diagnosis. All hormones were effectively extracted and separated using our method. The method was essentially free from potential interference of isomers or structural analogues. The imprecisions were <10%. The lower limits of quantification varied from 0.05 to 15.0 ng/ml. Good linearity coefficients (r2 > 0.998) were also obtained for most hormones in the required concentration range, except for 21-deoxycortisol (r2 = 0.9967) and androstenediol (r2 = 0.9952). The recoveries for the steroid hormones ranged from 91.7 to 109.8%. We developed the UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous measurement of steroid hormones. The results showed that measurement of steroid hormones simultaneously could improve the diagnostic efficiency of CAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Pinning Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiao Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liqiao Han, ; Xianzhang Huang,
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liqiao Han, ; Xianzhang Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kataoka H, Nakayama D. Online In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Automated Analysis of Four Sulfated Steroid Metabolites in Saliva Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103225. [PMID: 35630701 PMCID: PMC9145352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of sulfated steroid metabolite concentrations can not only enable the elucidation of the mechanisms regulating steroid metabolism, but also lead to the diagnosis of various related diseases. The present study describes a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of four sulfated steroid metabolites in saliva, pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol sulfate (CRTS), and 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate (E2S), by online coupling of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) and stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These compounds were extracted and concentrated on Supel-Q PLOT capillary tubes by IT-SPME and separated and detected within 6 min by LC-MS/MS using an InertSustain swift C18 column and negative ion mode multiple reaction monitoring systems. These operations were fully automated by an online program. Calibration curves using their stable isotope-labeled internal standards showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-2 ng mL-1 for PREGS, DHEAS, and CRTS and of 0.05-10 ng mL-1 for E2S. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of PREGS, DHEAS, CRTS, and E2S were 0.59, 0.30, 0.80, and 3.20 pg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, intraday and interday variations were lower than 11.1% (n = 5). The recoveries of these compounds from saliva samples were in the range of 86.6-112.9%. The developed method is highly sensitive and specific and can easily measure sulfated steroid metabolite concentrations in 50 μL saliva samples.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi J, Bird R, Schmeling MW, Hoofnagle AN. Using mass spectrometry to overcome the longstanding inaccuracy of a commercially-available clinical testosterone immunoassay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1183:122969. [PMID: 34628183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of testosterone is important for the diagnosis of gonadal disorders in men, women, and children. Testosterone measurement has limited accuracy at low concentrations by most commercially available immunoassays. We aimed to develop an LC-MS/MS assay to address the inaccuracy of the in-house immunoassay observed over the past decade and to replace it with the new assay. Testosterone in serum/plasma was extracted with commercial supported liquid extraction plates. Method validation was performed following the CLSI C62-A guideline. A total of 126 samples were used for method comparison between the Beckman UniCel DxI immunoassay and LC-MS/MS. Results by immunoassay were 20% lower compared with LC-MS/MS and had minimal correlation (R2 = 0.403) with LC-MS/MS below 100 ng/dL. When comparing specimens from the Accuracy-Based Survey from the College of American Pathologists, the newly developed assay agreed well with the CDC reference measurement procedure. In summary, immunoassay measurement of testosterone can be significantly inaccurate, especially at low concentrations. The newly developed LC-MS/MS assay provides accurate results across the entire measurable range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, United States
| | - Rachel Bird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael W Schmeling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, United States
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, School of Medicine, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Connan-Perrot S, Léger T, Lelandais P, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, David A, Fowler PA, Mazaud-Guittot S. Six Decades of Research on Human Fetal Gonadal Steroids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136681. [PMID: 34206462 PMCID: PMC8268622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fetal gonads acquire endocrine steroidogenic capabilities early during their differentiation. Genetic studies show that this endocrine function plays a central role in the sexually dimorphic development of the external genitalia during fetal development. When this endocrine function is dysregulated, congenital malformations and pathologies are the result. In this review, we explain how the current knowledge of steroidogenesis in human fetal gonads has benefited from both the technological advances in steroid measurements and the assembly of detailed knowledge of steroidogenesis machinery and its expression in human fetal gonads. We summarise how the conversion of radiolabelled steroid precursors, antibody-based assays, mass spectrometry, ultrastructural studies, and the in situ labelling of proteins and mRNA have all provided complementary information. In this review, our discussion goes beyond the debate on recommendations concerning the best choice between the different available technologies, and their degrees of reproducibility and sensitivity. The available technologies and techniques can be used for different purposes and, as long as all quality controls are rigorously employed, the question is how to maximise the generation of robust, reproducible data on steroid hormones and their crucial roles in human fetal development and subsequent functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Connan-Perrot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.C.-P.); (P.L.); (C.D.-L.); (A.D.)
| | - Thibaut Léger
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), CEDEX, 35306 Fougères, France;
| | - Pauline Lelandais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.C.-P.); (P.L.); (C.D.-L.); (A.D.)
| | - Christèle Desdoits-Lethimonier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.C.-P.); (P.L.); (C.D.-L.); (A.D.)
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.C.-P.); (P.L.); (C.D.-L.); (A.D.)
| | - Paul A. Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.C.-P.); (P.L.); (C.D.-L.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-23-23-58-86
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang H, He Q, Eremin SA, Pan J, Zou Y, Cui X, Zhao S. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for rapid determination of dehydroepiandrosterone in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4459-4469. [PMID: 34137913 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, five fluorescein-labeled dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) derivatives (tracers) with different chain lengths between the fluorescein and hapten were synthesized and featured so as to establish a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for DHEA detection in human urine samples with previously prepared polyclonal antibody against DHEA. The outcomes of the structure of tracer on FPIA sensitivity were investigated. Under the optimal condition, the fluorescence polarization value (FP) decreases linearly in DHEA concentration, ranging from 1.6 to 243.3 ng mL-1, with the limit of detection of 1.1 ng mL-1 and IC50 value of 25.1 ng mL-1. Moreover, the developed FPIA was time-saving as it could complete the detection within 3 min. FPIA and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit were both applied to analyze the spiked human urine samples with DHEA. Excellent recoveries (92.1-108.0%) and satisfactory correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.98) were acquired with the two methods, indicating that the developed FPIA was a fast and efficient screening immunoassay with accuracy and sensitivity for DHEA detection in human urine samples. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergei A Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Junkang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikui Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Han X, Li X, Qin Y, Rang Y, Zhai X, Lu Y. Quantitation of six steroid hormones by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in plasma and prefrontal cortex samples from rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5200. [PMID: 34128243 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and their metabolites are closely related to mental diseases and neuroendocrine diseases. Quantitative analysis of these substances will help in understanding their roles in related research fields. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect the concentration of corticosterone (CORT) and its metabolites, progesterone (PROG) and testosterone in rat plasma and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and was applied to investigate the changes in hormones in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The method was shown to be linear in the quantitation range for all analytes. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were between 80% and 120%. Furthermore, we found that the level of CORT in plasma and PFC increased, whereas that of 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHCORT) as well as the ratio of 11-DHCORT and CORT declined in rats with CUMS-induced depression. The trends of these changes in central PFC and peripheral plasma were consistent. In conclusion, this study successfully established an UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous measurement of CORT and its metabolites, PROG and testosterone in rat plasma and PFC, and applied it to rats with depression. The method could be further applied to the research of depression and diseases related to these steroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xixuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjie Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Rang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejia Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongning Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang H, He Q, Pan J, Shen D, Xiao H, Cui X, Zhao S. A Pt-Ir nanocube amplified lateral flow immunoassay for dehydroepiandrosterone. Analyst 2021; 146:2726-2733. [PMID: 33709090 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The traditional gold-nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) cannot satisfy the requirements for the sensitive detection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in human urine. To enhance the sensitivity of the LFIA, platinum-iridium nanocubes (Pt-Ir NCs) with high catalytic efficiency and stability were synthesized and labelled with polyclonal antibody (pAb) to form a pAb-Pt-Ir probe. For the detection of DHEA, a novel LFIA with Pt-Ir NCs as an optical label and an enhanced LFIA in which the peroxidase-like activity of the Pt-Ir NCs was triggered by the introduction of the chromogenic substrate 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole (AEC) were developed and compared with a LFIA with platinum nanocubes (PtNCs) as an optical label. The visual limit of detection was 0.5 ng mL-1 for Pt-Ir-LFIA and 0.05 ng mL-1 for AEC-enhanced Pt-Ir-LFIA, in comparison to 100 ng mL-1 for PtNCs-LFIA and 50 ng mL-1 for AEC-enhanced PtNCs-LFIA. The average recoveries from spiked urine samples ranged from 90.8% to 110.4%, with a coefficient of variation below 12.6%, suggesting the accuracy and reliability of our developed immunoassay. Achieving excellent sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, Pt-Ir-LFIA provided a promising platform for monitoring DHEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junkang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ding Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanxin Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ergang P, Vagnerová K, Hermanová P, Vodička M, Jágr M, Šrůtková D, Dvořáček V, Hudcovic T, Pácha J. The Gut Microbiota Affects Corticosterone Production in the Murine Small Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084229. [PMID: 33921780 PMCID: PMC8073041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that are released in response to stressors and exhibit many activities, including immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. They are primarily synthesized in the adrenal gland but are also produced in peripheral tissues via regeneration of adrenal 11-oxo metabolites or by de novo synthesis from cholesterol. The present study investigated the influence of the microbiota on de novo steroidogenesis and regeneration of corticosterone in the intestine of germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free mice challenged with a physical stressor (anti-CD3 antibody i.p. injection). In the small intestine, acute immune stress resulted in increased mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6 and Tnfα and genes involved in de novo steroidogenesis (Stard3 and Cyp11a1), as well as in regeneration of active GCs from their 11-oxo metabolites (Hsd11b1). GF mice showed a generally reduced transcriptional response to immune stress, which was accompanied by decreased intestinal corticosterone production and reduced expression of the GC-sensitive marker Fkbp5. In contrast, the interaction between stress and the microbiota was not detected at the level of plasma corticosterone or the transcriptional response of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes. The results indicate a differential immune stress-induced intestinal response to proinflammatory stimuli and local corticosterone production driven by the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.E.); (K.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Karla Vagnerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.E.); (K.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Petra Hermanová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-549 22 Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (D.Š.); (T.H.)
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.E.); (K.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Michal Jágr
- Crop Research Institute, CZ-161 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (V.D.)
| | - Dagmar Šrůtková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-549 22 Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (D.Š.); (T.H.)
| | - Václav Dvořáček
- Crop Research Institute, CZ-161 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (V.D.)
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-549 22 Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (D.Š.); (T.H.)
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.E.); (K.V.); (M.V.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gravitte A, Archibald T, Cobble A, Kennard B, Brown S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5036. [PMID: 33226656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17-β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LC-MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high-resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC-MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gravitte
- James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Archibald
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Allison Cobble
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Kennard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang H, He Q, Chen Y, Shen D, Xiao H, Eremin SA, Cui X, Zhao S. Platinum nanoflowers with peroxidase-like property in a dual immunoassay for dehydroepiandrosterone. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:592. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Kim JH, Lee YA, Lim YH, Lee K, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC, Yang SW, Song J, Shin CH. Changes in Adrenal Androgens and Steroidogenic Enzyme Activities From Ages 2, 4, to 6 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5880593. [PMID: 32750115 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The levels of adrenal androgens are increased through the action of steroidogenic enzymes with morphological changes in the adrenal zona reticularis. OBJECTIVE We investigated longitudinal changes in androgen levels and steroidogenic enzyme activities during early childhood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS From a prospective children's cohort, the Environment and Development of Children cohort, 114 boys and 86 girls with available blood samples from ages 2, 4, and 6 years were included. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Serum concentrations of adrenal androgens using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and steroidogenic enzyme activity calculated by the precursor/product ratio. RESULTS During ages 2 to 4 years, 17,20-lyase and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfotransferase activities increased (P < 0.01 for both in boys). During ages 4 to 6 years, 17,20-lyase activity persistently increased, but 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD activities decreased (P < 0.01 for all). Serum DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) levels persistently increased from 2, 4, to 6 years, and DHEA, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione levels increased during ages 4 to 6 years (P < 0.01 for all). Serum DHEA-S levels during early childhood were associated with body mass index z-scores (P = 0.001 in only boys). CONCLUSION This study supports in vivo human evidence of increased 17,20-lyase and DHEA sulfotransferase activities and decreased 3β-HSD activity during early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Won Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|