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Li Z, Zhang JH, Li J, Wang S, Zhang L, He CY, Lin P, Melhi S, Yang T, Yamauchi Y, Xu X. Dynamical Janus-Like Behavior Excited by Passive Cold-Heat Modulation in the Earth-Sun/Universe System: Opportunities and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309397. [PMID: 38644343 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of solar-thermal energy and universal cold energy has led to many innovative designs that achieve effective temperature regulation in different application scenarios. Numerous studies on passive solar heating and radiation cooling often operate independently (or actively control the conversion) and lack a cohesive framework for deep connections. This work provides a concise overview of the recent breakthroughs in solar heating and radiation cooling by employing a mechanism material in the application model. Furthermore, the utilization of dynamic Janus-like behavior serves as a novel nexus to elucidate the relationship between solar heating and radiation cooling, allowing for the analysis of dynamic conversion strategies across various applications. Additionally, special discussions are provided to address specific requirements in diverse applications, such as optimizing light transmission for clothing or window glass. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of solar heating and radiation cooling applications are underscored, which hold immense potential for substantial carbon emission reduction and environmental preservation. This work aims to ignite interest and lay a solid foundation for researchers to conduct in-depth studies on effective and self-adaptive regulation of cooling and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lvfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng-Yu He
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Saad Melhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
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2
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Zhu T, Wan L, Li R, Zhang M, Li X, Liu Y, Cai D, Lu H. Janus structure hydrogels: recent advances in synthetic strategies, biomedical microstructure and (bio)applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3003-3026. [PMID: 38695621 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Janus structure hydrogels (JSHs) are novel materials. Their primary fabrication methods and various applications have been widely reported. JSHs are primarily composed of Janus particles (JNPs) and polysaccharide components. They exhibit two distinct physical or chemical properties, generating intriguing characteristics due to their asymmetric structure. Normally, one side (adhesive interface) is predominantly constituted of polysaccharide components, primarily serving excellent adhesion. On the other side (functional surface), they integrate diverse functionalities, concurrently performing a plethora of synergistic functions. In the biomedical field, JSHs are widely applied in anti-adhesion, drug delivery, wound healing, and other areas. It also exhibits functions in seawater desalination and motion sensing. Thus, JSHs hold broad prospects for applications, and they possess significant research value in nanotechnology, environmental science, healthcare, and other fields. Additionally, this article proposes the challenges and future work facing these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifu Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Lei Wan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Mu Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Yilong Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Dingjun Cai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Haibin Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China.
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Li W, Li C, Yang H, Yang H, Qu J, Han Y, Li X, Yu ZZ. Well-designed lamellar reduced graphene oxide-based foam for high-performance solar-driven water purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:716-725. [PMID: 38271807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Although solar steam generation is promising for seawater desalination, it is less effective in purifying wastewater with both salt/heavy metal ions and organic contaminants. It is thus imperative to develop multifunctional integrated solar-driven water purification systems with high solar-thermal evaporation and photocatalytic degradation efficiencies. Herein, a lamellar reduced graphene oxide (L-RGO) foam with the vertical lamellar structure is fabricated by bidirectional-freezing, lyophilization, and slight chemical reduction for water purification. The unique vertical lamellar structure not only accelerates upward transport of water for facilitating water evaporation but also endows the L-RGO foam with superb high elasticity for tuning the interlayer distance and varying interactions between the oxygen-containing groups and water molecules to adjust water energy state. As a result, the L-RGO foam achieves a superb water evaporation rate of 2.40 kg m-2 h-1 along with an energy efficiency of 95.3 % under the compressive strain of 44.7 % under 1-sun irradiation. Equally importantly, the decoration of L-RGO foam with polypyrrole is capable of efficiently degrading organic pollutants while retaining high solar steam generation performances, exhibiting great potential in the comprehensive treatment of various water sources for relieving freshwater crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haimin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Haining Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongqin Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Li Y, Yang X, Yan S, Yang J, Jia X, Song H. Bioinspired Graphene Aerogels with Hybrid Wettability for Solar-Driven Purification of Complex Wastewater. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1794-1804. [PMID: 38117240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Salt deposition and pollutant enrichment greatly hamper efficient and sustainable water production for a solar evaporator. Inspired by the desert beetle, a dual-region hydrophobic graphene/hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) aerogel (GTA) with internal hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid wettability structure is prepared via a facile freeze-drying and thermal reduction method. The evaporator shows adjustable wettability, optimized water content, and a low energy loss in the evaporation process. Simultaneously, the hybrid wetting structure in aerogel subjects salt to a dynamic crystallization-dissolution process to prevent salt deposition. The GTA solar evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 1.52 kg·m-2·h-1 with a 91.02% efficiency under 1 sun irradiation. Furthermore, GTAs achieve a stable evaporation rate in high salinity brine (25 wt % NaCl) under 1 sun irradiation for 100 h, which could compete well with other most advanced photothermal evaporation materials. Moreover, the synergistic effect of graphene and TiO2 endows GTAs with excellent photocatalytic degradation and self-cleaning properties, which can effectively reduce the enrichment of contaminants on the evaporator. Therefore, GTA evaporators can efficiently and stably obtain clean water from seawater and wastewater, which provides a feasible strategy for the purification of complex wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Shiwei Yan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Haojie Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
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Guo XJ, Wang X, Xue CH, Liu BY, Wu YG, Zhang D, Deng FQ, An QF, Pu YP. Salt-blocking three-dimensional Janus evaporator with superwettability gradient for efficient and stable solar desalination. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:157-166. [PMID: 37105039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Solar interfacial steam power generation is a prospective method for seawater desalination. In this work, a salt-blocking three-dimensional (3D) Janus evaporator with a superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic gradient was fabricated by spraying a composite dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (CNTs/PDMS) onto the top side of a polyurethane (PU) foam and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution onto the bottom side. The CNTs/PDMS composite dispersion with nanostructured CNTs and low surface energy PDMS combined with the porous structure of the PU foam rendered the top side superhydrophobic. Therefore, a layer suitable for photothermal conversion was obtained. The hydrophilic PVA combined with the porous structure of the foam rendered the bottom side superhydrophilic, facilitating water absorption and transportation. The asymmetric wettability gradient of the CNTs/PDMS-PU-PVA as a 3D evaporator caused the evaporation rate and transportation speed of water to reach a balance, and the salt was quickly dissolved at the superhydrophilic interface. This 3D salt-resistant Janus evaporator achieved an evaporation rate of 2.26 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 kW m-2 illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao-Hua Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Bing-Ying Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fu-Quan Deng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qiu-Feng An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yong-Ping Pu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Yin Q, Kong F, Wang S, Du J, Pan L, Tao Y, Li P. 3D Printing of Solar Crystallizer with Polylactic Acid/Carbon Composites for Zero Liquid Discharge of High-Salinity Brine. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071656. [PMID: 37050270 PMCID: PMC10096562 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a technique for treating high-salinity brine to obtain freshwater and/or salt using a solar interface evaporator. However, salt accumulation on the surface of the evaporator is a big challenge to maintaining stable water evaporation. In this study, a simple and easy-to-manufacture evaporator, also called a crystallizer, was designed and fabricated by 3D printing. The photothermal layer printed with polylactic acid/carbon composites had acceptable light absorption (93%) within the wavelength zone of 250 nm–2500 nm. The micron-sized voids formed during 3D printing provided abundant water transportation channels inside the crystallizer. After surface hydrophilic modification, the crystallizer had an ultra-hydrophilic channel structure and gravity-assisted salt recovery function. The results revealed that the angles between the photothermal layers affected the efficacy of solar evaporation and the yield of solid salt. The crystallizer with the angle of 90° between two photothermal layers could collect more solid salt than the three other designs with angles of 30°, 60°, and 120°, respectively. The crystallizer has high evaporation and salt crystallization efficiency in a high-salinity brine environment, which is expected to have application potentials in the zero liquid discharge of wastewater and valuable salt recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.Y.); (F.K.); (S.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.Y.); (F.K.); (S.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.Y.); (F.K.); (S.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Jinbao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.Y.); (F.K.); (S.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Ling Pan
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Yubo Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.Y.); (F.K.); (S.W.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.Y.); (F.K.); (S.W.); (J.D.)
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.L.)
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7
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Janus porous membranes with asymmetric wettability and self-floating properties for solar desalination. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Su L, Liu X, Li X, Yang B, Wu B, Xia R, Qian J, Zhou J, Miao L. Facile Synthesis of Vertically Arranged CNTs for Efficient Solar-Driven Interfacial Water Evaporation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47349-47356. [PMID: 36570320 PMCID: PMC9774377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven evaporation of water is a sustainable and promising technology for addressing the crisis of clean water. Herein, novel vertically arranged carbon nanotube (V-CNT) aerogels with a tree branch structure is facilely synthesized through an ice templating method. The V-CNT-based photothermal evaporator exhibits efficient broadband light trapping and super-hydrophilicity. Owing to the unique structure and ultrafast water transportation, a high evaporation rate of 3.26 kg m-2 h-1 was achieved by the three-dimensional V-CNT-based evaporator under a solar illumination of 1 kW m-2. More significantly, the V-CNT shows excellent recycling stability and salt-resistant performance in seawater and may provide a novel strategy to the practical sustainable technique of water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Su
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Xu Li
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Ru Xia
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center
of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin541004, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center
of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin541004, China
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Aizudin M, Alias NH, Ng YXA, Mahmod Fadzuli MH, Ang SC, Ng YX, Poolamuri Pottammel R, Yang F, Ang EH. Membranes prepared from graphene-based nanomaterials for water purification: a mini-review. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17871-17886. [PMID: 36468603 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBnMs) are currently regarded as a critical building block for the fabrication of membranes for water purification due to their advantageous properties such as easy surface modification of functional groups, adjustable interlayer pore channels for solvent transportation, robust mechanical properties, and superior photothermal capabilities. By combining graphene derivatives with other emerging materials, heteroatom doping and rational design of a three-dimensional network can enhance water transportation and evaporation rates through channels of GBnM laminates and such layered structures have been applied in various water purification technologies. Herein, this mini-review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of GBnMs and their applications in water treatment technologies, specifically, nanofiltration (NF) and solar desalination (SD). Finally, personal perspectives on the challenges and future directions of this promising nanomaterial are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliyana Aizudin
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Nur Hashimah Alias
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Yun Xin Angel Ng
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Haikal Mahmod Fadzuli
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Seng Chuan Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Yi Xun Ng
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | | | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang 212003, China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
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Weng L, Zhang X. In Situ Generating CaCO 3 Nanoparticles Reinforced Nonflammable Calcium Alginate Biocomposite Fiber. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12491-12498. [PMID: 36200299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum-based synthetic flame-proof fiber releases toxic volatile organic compounds in thermal decomposition process and has other problems, like tickling feeling and high density. A natural polysaccharide, calcium alginate, is an intrinsic fire-resistant biodegradable material, but its limited mechanical performance prevents it from being a practical flame-retardant fabric. To address this problem, Na2CO3 was doped into alginate spinning solution to obtain in situ generating CaCO3 nanoparticle-reinforced alginate fiber by microfluidic spinning technique. Comparative analysis illustrated that incorporation of 0.50% Na2CO3 into the fiber greatly improved its mechanical performance; meanwhile, in situ generated CaCO3 nanoparticles also throttled oxygen and heat flow in burning, endowing the fiber with excellent flame retardancy. The prepared composite fiber released less heat, smoke, and toxic volatile organic compounds in burning, which reduced the fire hazard. The formed residue char and pyrolysis products functioned as the physical barrier and displayed a synergistic effect to inhibit oxygen and heat transmission and impede the further combustion. All of the results demonstrate that the obtained fiber exhibits a good mechanical and flame-retardant performance, making it an ideal candidate as a fire-protection textile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product (Xi'an Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, People's Republic of China
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11
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Hu N, Zhao S, Chen T, Lu X, Zhang J. Janus Carbon Nanotube@poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Fabric for Stable and Efficient Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46010-46022. [PMID: 36173967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven seawater desalination is considered a promising method for alleviating the water crisis worldwide. In recent years, significant efforts have been undertaken to optimize heat management and minimize salt blockage during solar-driven seawater desalination. However, it remains challenging to achieve an efficient and stable seawater evaporator simply and practically. Here, we designed and prepared a novel three-dimensional (3D) water channel evaporator (3D WCE) equipped with a Janus CNT@PBAT fabric (JCPF). The as-prepared Janus CNT@PBAT fabric has broad-band light absorption (∼97.8%), excellent superhydrophobicity (∼162°), and photothermal properties. After optimizing the structure of the thermal insulator, our designed evaporator could realize the equilibrium between enhanced thermal management and sufficient water supply. As a result, the as-prepared evaporator achieved an excellent evaporation rate of 1.576 kg·m-2·h-1 and an energy efficiency of over 92.7% under 1 sun irradiation in 3.5 wt % saline water. Moreover, this evaporator also revealed good salt rejection performance compared to the traditional two-dimensional (2D) water channel evaporator (2D WCE) in high saline water, which could maintain stable evaporation rates under long-term evaporation of 8 h. Our study may develop a simple method for the design and fabrication of a low-cost, effective, and stable solar-driven evaporator for seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Hu
- Center for Tribology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Center for Tribology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Center for Tribology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xiangning Lu
- Center for Tribology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Center for Tribology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China
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12
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Zhang L, Wang X, Xu X, Yang J, Xiao J, Bai B, Wang Q. A Janus solar evaporator with photocatalysis and salt resistance for water purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Lazarenko NS, Golovakhin VV, Shestakov AA, Lapekin NI, Bannov AG. Recent Advances on Membranes for Water Purification Based on Carbon Nanomaterials. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:915. [PMID: 36295674 PMCID: PMC9606928 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Every year the problem of water purification becomes more relevant. This is due to the continuous increase in the level of pollution of natural water sources, an increase in the population, and sharp climatic changes. The growth in demand for affordable and clean water is not always comparable to the supply that exists in the water treatment market. In addition, the amount of water pollution increases with the increase in production capacity, the purification of which cannot be fully handled by conventional processes. However, the application of novel nanomaterials will enhance the characteristics of water treatment processes which are one of the most important technological problems. In this review, we considered the application of carbon nanomaterials in membrane water purification. Carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene oxide, and activated carbon were analyzed as promising materials for membranes. The problems associated with the application of carbon nanomaterials in membrane processes and ways to solve them were discussed. Their efficiency, properties, and characteristics as a modifier for membranes were analyzed. The potential directions, opportunities and challenges for application of various carbon nanomaterials were suggested.
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14
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Bai Z, Xu H, Yang B, Yao J, Li G, Guo K, Wang N, Liang N. Fe 3O 4/Diatomite-Decorated Cotton Evaporator for Continuous Solar Steam Generation and Water Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6110. [PMID: 36079491 PMCID: PMC9457907 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the evaporation rate of solar steam generation (SSG) has always been a research hotspot to solve the shortage of water resources. Using cotton, Fe3O4, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and diatomite (DM) as raw materials, DM/PVA/Fe3O4@cotton composites with both firmness and hydrophilicity were prepared. Fe3O4 has a wide range of light absorption characteristics and good photothermal conversion performance, and is an ideal photothermal conversion material. PVA enhances the adhesion between Fe3O4, cotton and DM and enhances the hardness of the sample and the internal porous structure. The existence of DM greatly improves the hydrophilicity of the sample, ensuring that the water in the lower layer can be continuously transported to the surface of the sample, and DM makes the surface of the sample rough, which reduces the reflection of sunlight and improves the efficiency of light heat conversion. Under one-sun irradiation, the temperature of the sample surface increases by 52.6 °C, the evaporation rate can reach 1.32 kg m-2 h-1 and the evaporation efficiency is 82.9%. Using this sample as the photothermal conversion layer of the SSG device, the removal rate of salt ions in seawater is more than 98% and the removal rate of heavy metal ions in sewage is close to 100%. This work provides a new idea and design method for SSG in the field of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Bai
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Jixin Yao
- Universities Joint Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Science and Technology in Anhui Province, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Simulation and Design for Electronic Information System, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guang Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory on Information Fusion and Control of Intelligent Robot, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Nannan Liang
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
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15
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Zhang X, Wang X, Fan W, Liu Y, Wang Q, Weng L. Fabrication, Property and Application of Calcium Alginate Fiber: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153227. [PMID: 35956740 PMCID: PMC9371111 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural linear polysaccharide, alginate can be gelled into calcium alginate fiber and exploited for functional material applications. Owing to its high hygroscopicity, biocompatibility, nontoxicity and non-flammability, calcium alginate fiber has found a variety of potential applications. This article gives a comprehensive overview of research on calcium alginate fiber, starting from the fabrication technique of wet spinning and microfluidic spinning, followed by a detailed description of the moisture absorption ability, biocompatibility and intrinsic fire-resistant performance of calcium alginate fiber, and briefly introduces its corresponding applications in biomaterials, fire-retardant and other advanced materials that have been extensively studied over the past decade. This review assists in better design and preparation of the alginate bio-based fiber and puts forward new perspectives for further study on alginate fiber, which can benefit the future development of the booming eco-friendly marine biomass polysaccharide fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Textile-Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinran Wang
- School of Textile-Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Wei Fan
- School of Textile-Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Textile-Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Textile-Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Lin Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.W.)
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16
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Chen L, Ding Y, Gong J, Xie H, Qu J, Niu R. Molecular Engineering of Biomass-Derived Hybrid Hydrogels for Solar Water Purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:231-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Wang Z, Niu J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu G, Liu X, Liu Q. Rational Design of Photothermal and Anti-Bacterial Foam With Macroporous Structure for Efficient Desalination of Water. Front Chem 2022; 10:912489. [PMID: 35646813 PMCID: PMC9130493 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.912489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the environmental deterioration and the rise in demand for sustainability, the lack of freshwater resources has emerged as a global concern. To address this issue, the desalination of water using solar evaporation is centered on as a promising approach. In this study, we designed a light and photothermal liquefied-chitin-based polyurethane foam to achieve efficient water evaporation benefiting from their powerful solar spectral absorption, low thermal conductivity, quick transportation of water, hierarchically porous structures, and anti-biofouling natures. Moreover, because of the introduction of nano-silver, the newly developed foam exhibits considerable antibacterial ability and improved photothermal performance. Notably, the low thermal conductivity of the foam can reduce the loss of absorbed solar heat, whereas its large porous structure provides a smooth water transport channel. More importantly, with the assistance of heat, polyacrylamide hydrogels adhering along with the pores rapidly absorb and desorb water molecules, promoting the evaporation of water and improving solar energy conversion efficiency. Ultimately, under irradiation by one sunlight, the proposed material demonstrated a water evaporation rate and solar photothermal conversion efficiency of 2.44 kg m−2 h−1 and 153.2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Juanxia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yucang Zhang,
| | - Guoqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qun Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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18
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Ahmad Wani T, Garg P, Bera S, Bhattacharya S, Dutta S, Kumar H, Bera A. Narrow-Bandgap LaMO 3 (M = Ni, Co) nanomaterials for efficient interfacial solar steam generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:203-212. [PMID: 34992020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal water evaporation provides a pathway towards a promising solution to global freshwater scarcity. Synergistic integration of functions in a material in diverse directions is a key strategy for designing multifunctional materials. Lanthanum-based perovskite complex oxides LaMO3 (M = Ni and Co) have narrow band gaps with a high absorption coefficient. These functionalities have not been appropriately explored for photothermal energy conversion. Here, we synthesized nanostructured metallic LaNiO3 and semiconducting LaCoO3 and used them to design interfacial solar steam generators. Effective light absorption capability over the entire solar spectrum of these materials leads to a photothermal efficiency of the order of 83% for both materials. Using a cone-shaped 3D interfacial steam generator with a LaNiO3 absorber, we achieved an evaporation rate of 2.3 kg m-2 h-1, corresponding to solar vapor generation efficiency of over 95%. To the best of our knowledge, this evaporation rate is higher than any oxide-based interfacial solar steam generator reported so far. Furthermore, we have also shown an effective way of using such evaporators for long-term seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseef Ahmad Wani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Parul Garg
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Saheb Bera
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Sanchari Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sanjoy Dutta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ashok Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India.
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19
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Yin Q, Zhang J, Tao Y, Kong F, Li P. The emerging development of solar evaporators in materials and structures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133210. [PMID: 34890612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To tackle the increasingly severe freshwater resource scarcity problem, desalination using solar evaporators is potentially an effective approach. This article reviews the research progress of solar evaporators in recent years, including materials, structures, and performance evaluations. In terms of material research, this article introduces the mechanism of photothermal conversion of metallic, semiconductor, polymeric, and carbon-based materials and their applications in the research of solar evaporators. The structure design of solar evaporators that can improve the photothermal conversion efficiency and water transport efficiency are summarized in detail. Regarding the evaluation of the evaporator performance, common evaluation methods for steam efficiency and environmental benefits of solar evaporators were introduced. Finally, this article analyzes the current problems of evaporators and proposes a prospect for the development of new types of high-efficiency evaporators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yubo Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
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20
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Vasiliev VP. Photo-induced Janus effect of graphene oxide films. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Yin X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Wang Y. Bilayer fiber membrane electrospun from MOF derived Co3S4 and PAN for solar steam generation induced sea water desalination. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Hao L, Liu N, Bai H, He P, Niu R, Gong J. High-performance solar-driven interfacial evaporation through molecular design of antibacterial, biomass-derived hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:840-852. [PMID: 34689113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation solar evaporation technology to produce freshwater from non-potable water. However, synthesizing hydrogel absorbers that can precisely regulate water state and significantly reduce the water vaporization enthalpy remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report the rational design of a novel hydrogel hybrid solar evaporator constructed by poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), with addition of carbon nanotube as a light absorption material. The abundant sulfonate and hydroxyl groups of SLS enhance the interplay between hydrogel and water molecule through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond. As such, the presence of SLS not only remarkably promotes the hydrophilicity and water transport of hydrogel, but also precisely tunes the state of water molecule and the content of intermediate water for reducing the water vaporization enthalpy. The combined advantageous features endow the as-prepared hydrogel with an evaporation rate up to 2.09 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 Sun illumination, along with good anti-acid/basic abilities, antibacterial property, high salt-tolerance, and self-cleaning capability in purifying different types of wastewater. Finally, an outdoor solar seawater desalination device is designed to generate drinking water from seawater. The daily drinking water production amount per square meter is ca. 13 kg, which satifies the five adults' daily water consumption (12.5 kg). The present study highlights that rationally constructing the molecular architecture of hydrogel and tuning the interplay between water and hydrogel are effective strategies to fabricate advanced hydrogel solar evaporators for addressing the global freshwater shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Panpan He
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ran Niu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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