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Hasibuan PAZ, Simanjuntak Y, Hey-Hawkins E, Lubis MF, Rohani AS, Park MN, Kim B, Syahputra RA. Unlocking the potential of flavonoids: Natural solutions in the fight against colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116827. [PMID: 38850646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding the diverse molecular and genetic underpinnings of CRC to improve its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review delves into the adenoma-carcinoma-metastasis model, emphasizing the "APC-KRAS-TP53" signature events in CRC development. CRC is categorized into four consensus molecular subtypes, each characterized by unique genetic alterations and responses to therapy, illustrating its complexity and heterogeneity. Furthermore, we explore the role of chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome in CRC progression, emphasizing the potential of targeting these factors for prevention and treatment. This review discusses the impact of dietary carcinogens and lifestyle factors and the critical role of early detection in improving outcomes, and also examines conventional chemotherapy options for CRC and associated challenges. There is significant focus on the therapeutic potential of flavonoids for CRC management, discussing various types of flavonoids, their sources, and mechanisms of action, including their antioxidant properties, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. This article presents evidence of the synergistic effects of flavonoids with conventional cancer therapies and their role in modulating the gut microbiome and immune response, thereby offering new avenues for CRC treatment. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to CRC research and treatment, incorporating insights from genetic, molecular, and lifestyle factors. Further research is needed on the preventive and therapeutic potential of natural compounds, such as flavonoids, in CRC, underscoring the need for personalized and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogi Simanjuntak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Muhammad Fauzan Lubis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Ade Sri Rohani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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2
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McClave SA, Omer E, Eisa M, Klosterbauer A, Lowen CC, Martindale RG. The importance of providing dietary fiber in medical and surgical critical care. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:546-556. [PMID: 37947011 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The early provision of soluble/insoluble fiber to the patient who is critically ill has been controversial in the past. Especially in the setting of hemodynamic instability, dysmotility, or impaired gastrointestinal transit, fear of inspissation of formula with precipitation of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI)/nonocclusive bowel necrosis (NOBN) limited its utilization by medical and surgical intensivists. The incidence of NOMI/NOBN has been estimated at 0.2%-0.3% for all intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN), and the occurrence of inspissated formula is even less. The science supporting a benefit from providing fiber has recently increased exponentially. The fermentation of soluble fibers leading to the production of short chain fatty acids supports gut barrier function, modulates immune responses, and promotes refaunation of commensal organisms. The "butyrate effect" refers to local (gastrointestinal tract) and systemic anti-inflammatory responses mediated by the M2 polarization of macrophages, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and stimulation of ubiquitous G protein receptors. Both soluble and insoluble fiber have been shown to promote intestinal motility, reduce feeding intolerance, and shorten hospital length of stay. The benefit of providing dietary fiber early upon admission to the ICU outweighs its minimal associated risk. The point at which the intensivist determines that is safe to initiate EN, both soluble and insoluble fiber should be included in the enteral formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McClave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Endashaw Omer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mohamed Eisa
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny Center for Digestive Health, Allegheny Health Network Medicine Institute, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Cynthia C Lowen
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Haneishi Y, Treppiccione L, Maurano F, Luongo D, Miyamoto J, Rossi M. High Fat Diet-Wheat Gliadin Interaction and its Implication for Obesity and Celiac Disease Onset: In Vivo Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300779. [PMID: 38632845 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammation in different conditions. In celiac disease (CD), the serum phospholipid profile in infants who developed CD is dramatically different when compared to that of infants at risk of CD not developing the disease. In a mouse model of gluten sensitivity, oral wheat gliadin challenge in connection with inhibition of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically induces the enteropathy. Recent evidence suggests that gluten may play a role also for development of life-style related diseases in populations on a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not yet understood. Exploratory studies in mice feed HFD show that wheat gliadin consumption affects glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota, and the immune cell profile in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Haneishi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | | | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Junki Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy
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4
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Fagunwa O, Davies K, Bradbury J. The Human Gut and Dietary Salt: The Bacteroides/ Prevotella Ratio as a Potential Marker of Sodium Intake and Beyond. Nutrients 2024; 16:942. [PMID: 38612976 PMCID: PMC11013828 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in maintaining host health. The perturbation of these microbes has been linked to several health conditions. Hence, they have emerged as promising targets for understanding and promoting good health. Despite the growing body of research on the role of sodium in health, its effects on the human gut microbiome remain under-explored. Here, using nutrition and metagenomics methods, we investigate the influence of dietary sodium intake and alterations of the human gut microbiota. We found that a high-sodium diet (HSD) altered the gut microbiota composition with a significant reduction in Bacteroides and inverse increase in Prevotella compared to a low-sodium diet (LSD). However, there is no clear distinction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio between the two diet types. Metabolic pathway reconstruction revealed the presence of sodium reabsorption genes in the HSD, but not LSD. Since it is currently difficult in microbiome studies to confidently associate the F/B ratio with what is considered healthy (e.g., low sodium) or unhealthy (e.g., high sodium), we suggest that the use of a genus-based ratio such as the Bacteroides/Prevotella (B/P) ratio may be more beneficial for the application of microbiome studies in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omololu Fagunwa
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Kirsty Davies
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Jane Bradbury
- School of Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
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Kumari N, Kumari R, Dua A, Singh M, Kumar R, Singh P, Duyar-Ayerdi S, Pradeep S, Ojesina AI, Kumar R. From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300688. [PMID: 38342595 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism through the "estrobolome," the collection of bacterial genes that encode enzymes like β-glucuronidases and β-glucosidases. These enzymes deconjugate and reactivate estrogen, influencing circulating levels. The estrobolome mediates the enterohepatic circulation and bioavailability of estrogen. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and estrobolome function have been associated with estrogen-related diseases like breast cancer, enometrial cancer, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is likely due to dysregulated estrogen signaling partly contributed by the microbial impacts on estrogen metabolism. Dietary phytoestrogens also undergo bacterial metabolism into active metabolites like equol, which binds estrogen receptors and exhibits higher estrogenic potency than its precursor daidzein. However, the ability to produce equol varies across populations, depending on the presence of specific gut microbes. Characterizing the estrobolome and equol-producing genes across populations can provide microbiome-based biomarkers. Further research is needed to investigate specific components of the estrobolome, phytoestrogen-microbiota interactions, and mechanisms linking dysbiosis to estrogen-related pathology. However, current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is an integral regulator of estrogen status with clinical relevance to women's health and hormonal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Kumari
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Zoology, College of Commerce, Arts & Science, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, 800020, India
| | - Ankita Dua
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110027, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Roushan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Susan Duyar-Ayerdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Hu H, Yao Y, Liu F, Luo L, Liu J, Wang X, Wang Q. Integrated microbiome and metabolomics revealed the protective effect of baicalin on alveolar bone inflammatory resorption in aging. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155233. [PMID: 38181526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing aging population and longer life expectancy, periodontitis and tooth loss have become major health concerns. The gut microbiota, as a key regulator in bone homeostasis, has gathered immense interest. Baicalin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. PURPOSE This study investigated, for the first time, the protective mechanism of baicalin against alveolar bone inflammatory resorption in aging mice by regulating intestinal flora and metabolites, as well as intestinal barrier function. METHODS A ligature-induced periodontitis model was established in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, and baicalin was administered at different dosages for 13 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin were evaluated using serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. The immune capability was assessed by thymus and spleen indices. Histopathological changes were observed in the heart, liver, ileum, and periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone absorption of maxillary second molars was examined, and osteoclasts were counted by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Furthermore, fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics to identify differences in intestinal bacterial composition and metabolites. RESULTS Baicalin exhibited anti-aging properties, as evidenced by increased SOD activity and decreased levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum compared to the control group. Baicalin also ameliorated alveolar bone loss in the d-gal-induced aging-periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, baicalin restored ileal permeability by up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in aging-periodontitis groups (p < 0.05). Alpha diversity analysis indicated that baicalin-treated mice harbored a higher diversity of gut microbe. PCoA and ANOSIM results revealed significant dissimilarity between groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, which decreased in periodontitis mice, was restored by baicalin treatment. Additionally, medium-dosage baicalin promoted the production of beneficial flavonoids, and enriched short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria. CONCLUSION Intestinal homeostasis is a potential avenue for treating age-related alveolar bone loss. Baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteo-protective properties by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanzi Yao
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital & Henan Second Children's Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Liangliang Luo
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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7
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Wu H, Mu C, Xu L, Yu K, Shen L, Zhu W. Host-microbiota interaction in intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2353399. [PMID: 38757687 PMCID: PMC11110705 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2353399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a pivotal role in gut physiology by governing intestinal epithelium renewal through the precise regulation of proliferation and differentiation. The gut microbiota interacts closely with the epithelium through myriad of actions, including immune and metabolic interactions, which translate into tight connections between microbial activity and ISC function. Given the diverse functions of the gut microbiota in affecting the metabolism of macronutrients and micronutrients, dietary nutrients exert pronounced effects on host-microbiota interactions and, consequently, the ISC fate. Therefore, understanding the intricate host-microbiota interaction in regulating ISC homeostasis is imperative for improving gut health. Here, we review recent advances in understanding host-microbiota immune and metabolic interactions that shape ISC function, such as the role of pattern-recognition receptors and microbial metabolites, including lactate and indole metabolites. Additionally, the diverse regulatory effects of the microbiota on dietary nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals (e.g. iron and zinc), are thoroughly explored in relation to their impact on ISCs. Thus, we highlight the multifaceted mechanisms governing host-microbiota interactions in ISC homeostasis. Insights gained from this review provide strategies for the development of dietary or microbiota-based interventions to foster gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Wu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Food Informatics, AgResearch, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Laipeng Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Chai L, Song Y, Chen A, Jiang L, Deng H. Gut microbiota perturbations during larval stages in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles after Cu exposure with or without the presence of Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122774. [PMID: 37871736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cu and Pb are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, but there is limited information on their potential impacts on gut microbiota profile in anuran amphibians at different developmental stages during metamorphosis. In this study, Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were chronically exposed to Cu alone or Cu combined with Pb from Gs26 throughout metamorphosis. Morphology of tadpoles, histological characteristic and bacterial community of intestines were evaluated at three developmental stages: Gs33, Gs36, and Gs42. Results showed that Cu and Cu + Pb exposure caused various degrees of morphological and histological changes in guts at tested three stages. In addition, bacterial richness and diversity in tadpoles especially at Gs33 and Gs42 were disturbed by Cu and Cu + Pb. Beta diversity demonstrated that the bacterial community structures were influenced by both heavy metals exposure and developmental stages. Alterations in taxonomic composition were characterized by increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, reduction of Fusobacteriota, as well as decreased Cetobacterium and increased C39 at all three stages. Overall, response of gut bacterial diversity and composition to Cu stress depends on the developmental stage, while the altered patterns of bacterial community at Cu stress could be modified further by the presence of Pb. Moreover, predicted metabolic disorders were associated with shifts in bacterial community, but needs integrated information from metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses. These results contribute to the growing body of research about potential ecotoxicological effects of heavy metals on amphibian gut microbiota during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Yanjiao Song
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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9
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Fayed B, Jagal J, Cagliani R, Kedia RA, Elsherbeny A, Bayraktutan H, Khoder G, Haider M. Co-administration of amoxicillin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and inulin: A novel strategy for mitigating antibiotic resistance and preserving microbiota balance in Helicobacter pylori treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126706. [PMID: 37673144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a causative agent of various gastrointestinal diseases and eradication mainly relies on antibiotic treatment, with (AMX) being a key component. However, rising antibiotic resistance in H. pylori necessitates the use of antibiotics combination therapy, often disrupting gut microbiota equilibrium leading to further health complications. This study investigates a novel strategy utilizing AMX-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AMX-CS NPs), co-administered with prebiotic inulin to counteract H. pylori infection while preserving microbiota health. Following microbroth dilution method, AMX displayed efficacy against H. pylori, with a MIC50 of 48.34 ± 3.3 ng/mL, albeit with a detrimental impact on Lactobacillus casei (L. casei). The co-administration of inulin (500 μg/mL) with AMX restored L. casei viability while retaining the lethal effect on H. pylori. Encapsulation of AMX in CS-NPs via ionic gelation method, resulted in particles of 157.8 ± 3.85 nm in size and an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 86.44 ± 2.19 %. Moreover, AMX-CS NPs showed a sustained drug release pattern over 72 h with no detectable toxicity on human dermal fibroblasts cell lines. Encapsulation of AMX into CS NPs also reduced its MIC50 against H. pylori, while its co-administration with inulin maintained L. casei viability. Interestingly, treatment with AMX-CS NPs also reduced the expression of the efflux pump gene hefA in H. pylori. This dual treatment strategy offers a promising approach for more selective antimicrobial treatment, minimizing disruption to healthy microbial communities while effectively addressing pathogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Jayalakshmi Jagal
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberta Cagliani
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reena A Kedia
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr Elsherbeny
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed Haider
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Lo HY, Wink K, Nitz H, Kästner M, Belder D, Müller JA, Kaster AK. scMAR-Seq: a novel workflow for targeted single-cell genomics of microorganisms using radioactive labeling. mSystems 2023; 8:e0099823. [PMID: 37982643 PMCID: PMC10734494 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00998-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A central question in microbial ecology is which member of a community performs a particular metabolism. Several sophisticated isotope labeling techniques are available for analyzing the metabolic function of populations and individual cells in a community. However, these methods are generally either insufficiently sensitive or throughput-limited and thus have limited applicability for the study of complex environmental samples. Here, we present a novel approach that combines highly sensitive radioisotope tracking, microfluidics, high-throughput sorting, and single-cell genomics to simultaneously detect and identify individual microbial cells based solely on their in situ metabolic activity, without prior information on community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Lo
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin Wink
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrike Nitz
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen A. Müller
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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11
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Monira S, Barman I, Jubyda FT, Ali SI, Islam A, Rahman KMZ, Rashid MU, Johura FT, Sultana M, Zohura F, Bhuyian SI, Parvin T, Sack D, Ahmed T, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Hossain M, Watanabe H, George CM, Alam M. Gut microbiota shifts favorably with delivery of handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention in a prospective cohort (CHoBI7 trial). JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:146. [PMID: 38129922 PMCID: PMC10740293 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholera can result in the expulsion of important microbiota from the gut and result in death if left untreated. The disease transmits mainly via drinking water carrying Vibrio cholerae; and household contacts (HHC) of cholera patients are at elevated risk during the first week of infection. The gut microbiota profiles of HHC-children of cholera patients at Dhaka city slums were investigated before (day 0) and after (day 8) delivery of chlorinated water as part of the major study 'CHoBI7 trial (cholera-hospital-based intervention for 7 days)'. RESULT Results of sequencing and analysis of bacterial community DNA revealed the predominance of two bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at day 0 with a relative abundance of 62 ± 6 (mean ± SEM%) and 32 ± 7, respectively. The pattern reversed at day 8 with a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (39 ± 12; p = 0.034) and an increased abundance of Firmicutes (49 ± 12; p = 0.057). Of 65 bacterial families confirmed at day 0, six belonging to Proteobacteria including Vibrionaceae disappeared at day 8. Interestingly, the relative abundance of four Firmicutes families-Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae was increased in all five study children at day 8. CONCLUSION The observed exclusion of pathogenic Proteobacteria and enhancement of beneficial Firmicutes in the gut of children delivered with chlorinated water as part of WASH intervention reflect a great promise of the CHoBI7 program in preventing cholera and improving child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirajum Monira
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Indrajeet Barman
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Jubyda
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sk Imran Ali
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aminul Islam
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mohammad Zillur Rahman
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahamud-Ur Rashid
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema-Tuz Johura
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Sultana
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Zohura
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Parvin
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maqsud Hossain
- NSU Genome Research Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Haruo Watanabe
- National Institutes of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Munirul Alam
- Molecular Ecology and Metagenomics Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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12
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Jacobs S, Payne C, Shaboodien S, Kgatla T, Pretorius A, Jumaar C, Sanni O, Butrous G, Maarman G. Gut microbiota crosstalk mechanisms are key in pulmonary hypertension: The involvement of melatonin is instrumental too. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12277. [PMID: 37583483 PMCID: PMC10423855 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota refers to a plethora of microorganisms with a gene pool of approximately three million, which inhabits the human gastrointestinal tract or gut. The latter, not only promotes the transport of nutrients, ions, and fluids from the lumen to the internal environment but is linked with the development of diseases including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and lung diseases. The exact mechanism of how the microbiota achieves crosstalk between itself and distant organs/tissues is not clear, but factors released to other organs may play a role, like inflammatory and genetic factors, and now we highlight melatonin as a novel mediator of the gut-lung crosstalk. Melatonin is present in high concentrations in the gut and the lung and has recently been linked to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this comprehensive review of the literature, we suggest that melatonin is an important link between the gut microbiota and the development of PH (where suppressed melatonin-crosstalk between the gut and lungs could promote the development of PH). More studies are needed to investigate the link between the gut microbiota, melatonin and PH. Studies could also investigate whether microbiota genes play a role in the epigenetic aspects of PH. This is relevant because, for example, dysbiosis (caused by epigenetic factors) could reduce melatonin signaling between the gut and lungs, reduce subcellular melatonin concentrations in the gut/lungs, or reduce melatonin serum levels secondary to epigenetic factors. This area of research is largely unexplored and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Jacobs
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Carmen Payne
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Sara Shaboodien
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Thato Kgatla
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Amy Pretorius
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Chrisstoffel Jumaar
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ghazwan Butrous
- School of Pharmacy, Imperial College of LondonUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Gerald Maarman
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio‐Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
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13
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Yang Y, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R, Borozdkin L, Zhu P. The interplay between microbial metabolites and macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110546. [PMID: 37364331 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a crucial player in developing and progressing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have highlighted the role of microbial metabolites in modulating immune cell function and their impact on CVD. Macrophages, which have a significant function in the pathogenesis of CVD, are very vulnerable to the effects of microbial metabolites. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), have been linked to atherosclerosis and the regulation of immune functions. Butyrate has been demonstrated to reduce monocyte migration and inhibit monocyte attachment to injured endothelial cells, potentially contributing to the attenuation of the inflammatory response and the progression of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, TMAO, another compound generated by gut bacteria, has been linked to atherosclerosis due to its impact on lipid metabolism and the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages. Indole-3-propionic acid, a tryptophan metabolite produced solely by microbes, has been found to promote the development of atherosclerosis by stimulating macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and raising the expression of ABCA1. This review comprehensively discusses how various microbiota-produced metabolites affect macrophage polarization, inflammation, and foam cell formation in CVD. We also highlight the mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential therapeutic applications of targeting microbial metabolites in treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonid Borozdkin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
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14
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Magner C, Jenkins D, Koc F, Tan MH, O'Toole M, Boyle J, Maguire N, Duignan S, Murphy K, Ross P, Stanton C, McMahon CJ. Protocol for a prospective cohort study exploring the gut microbiota of infants with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (the GuMiBear study). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067016. [PMID: 37001916 PMCID: PMC10069492 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota develops from birth and matures significantly during the first 24 months of life, playing a major role in infant health and development. The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by several factors including mode of delivery, gestational age, feed type and treatment with antibiotics. Alterations in the pattern of gut microbiota development and composition can be associated with illness and compromised health outcomes.Infants diagnosed with 'congenital heart disease' (CHD) often require surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) early in life. The impact of this type of surgery on the integrity of the gut microbiome is poorly understood. In addition, these infants are at significant risk of developing the potentially devastating intestinal condition necrotising enterocolitis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will employ a prospective cohort study methodology to investigate the gut microbiota and urine metabolome of infants with CHD undergoing surgery involving CPB. Stool and urine samples, demographic and clinical data will be collected from eligible infants based at the National Centre for Paediatric Cardiac Surgery in Ireland. Shotgun metagenome sequencing will be performed on stool samples and urine metabolomic analysis will identify metabolic biomarkers. The impact of the underlying diagnosis, surgery involving CPB, and the influence of environmental factors will be explored. Data from healthy age-matched infants from the INFANTMET study will serve as a control for this study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received full ethical approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Children's Health Ireland, GEN/826/20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Magner
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominic Jenkins
- Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Fatma Koc
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mong Hoi Tan
- Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Molly O'Toole
- Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jordan Boyle
- Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Maguire
- Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Duignan
- Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- University College Cork APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
| | - Paul Ross
- University College Cork College of Science Engineering and Food Science, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- University College Cork APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
| | - Colin J McMahon
- Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Peng K, Dong W, Luo T, Tang H, Zhu W, Huang Y, Yang X. Butyrate and obesity: Current research status and future prospect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1098881. [PMID: 36909336 PMCID: PMC9999029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1098881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, increasing prevalence of obesity caused an enormous medical, social, and economic burden. As the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide, obesity not only directly harms the human body, but also leads to many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mental illness. Weight loss is still one of the most effective strategies against obesity and related disorders. Recently, the link between intestinal microflora and metabolic health has been constantly established. Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is a major metabolite of the gut microbiota that has many beneficial effects on metabolic health. The anti-obesity activity of butyrate has been demonstrated, but its mechanisms of action have not been fully described. This review summarizes current knowledge of butyrate, including its production, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and the effect and mechanisms involved in weight loss and obesity-related diseases. The aim was to contribute to and advance our understanding of butyrate and its role in obesity. Further exploration of butyrate and its pathway may help to identify new anti-obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Taimin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Isenring J, Bircher L, Geirnaert A, Lacroix C. In vitro human gut microbiota fermentation models: opportunities, challenges, and pitfalls. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:2. [PMID: 38045607 PMCID: PMC10688811 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (HGM) plays a pivotal role in health and disease. Consequently, nutritional and medical research focusing on HGM modulation strategies as a means of improving host health is steadily increasing. In vitro HGM fermentation models offer a valid complement to human and animal studies when it comes to the mechanistic exploration of novel modulation approaches and their direct effects on HGM composition and activity, while excluding interfering host effects. However, in vitro cultivation of HGM can be challenging due to its high oxygen sensitivity and the difficulties of accurately modeling the physio-chemical complexity of the gut environment. Despite the increased use of in vitro HGM models, there is no consensus about appropriate model selection and operation, sometimes leading to major deficiencies in study design and result interpretation. In this review paper, we aim to analyze crucial aspects of the application, setup and operation, data validation and result interpretation of in vitro HGM models. When carefully designed and implemented, in vitro HGM modeling is a powerful strategy for isolating and investigating biotic and abiotic factors in the HGM, as well as evaluating their effects in a controlled environment akin to the gut. Furthermore, complementary approaches combining different in vitro and in vivo models can strengthen the design and interpretation of human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
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17
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Pan C, Zhu Y, Cao K, Li J, Wang S, Zhu J, Zeng X, Zhang H, Qin Z. Transcriptome, intestinal microbiome and histomorphology profiling of differences in the response of Chinese sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus) to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1103412. [PMID: 36910190 PMCID: PMC9998533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is an important aquaculture fish, but diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila have led to severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry in recent years. To date, only a few studies have focused on the relationship between the intestinal immune response and changes in intestinal microbes by A. hydrophila infection. Here, we report the transcriptome and intestinal changes in infected sea bass. Histopathological results showed that severe steatosis and vacuolation occurred in the liver and that the intestinal villi and mesentery were seriously affected after infection. By extracting total RNA from intestinal tissue and studying the transcriptome profile, 1,678 genes (1,013 upregulated and 665 downregulated) were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These genes are involved in many immune-related signalling pathways, such as the NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and Toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Moreover, the intestinal microbes of sea bass changed significantly after infection. Interestingly, at the genus level, there was an increase in Serratia, Candida arthromitus and Faecalibacterium as well as a decrease in Akkermansia and Parabacteroides after infection. The results also indicated that some of the DEGs involved in the immune response were related to the genus level of intestinal microbiota. Finally, there was a relationship between gene expression patterns and the bacterial structure in the host intestine. Our study provides a reference for the study of the immune response and particular functions of intestinal microbes of sea bass after pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Zhu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kaixin Cao
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Juexian Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoman Zeng
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Heqian Zhang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
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18
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Fakharian F, Asgari B, Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi A, Soleimani N, Yadegar A, Zali MR. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and the gut microbiota: An emerging driver influencing the immune system homeostasis and gastric carcinogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953718. [PMID: 36046747 PMCID: PMC9423097 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota are critical for preserving the health status because they are required for digestion and nutrient acquisition, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. The gut microbial composition is greatly influenced by the colonization of the recalcitrant pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the conventional antibiotic regimens that follow. H. pylori is considered to be the main microorganism in gastric carcinogenesis, and it appears to be required for the early stages of the process. However, a non-H. pylori microbiota profile is also suggested, primarily in the later stages of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, specific groups of gut microbes may produce beneficial byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) that can modulate inflammation and tumorigenesis pathways. In this review, we aim to present how H. pylori influences the population of the gut microbiota to modify the host immunity and trigger the development of gastric carcinogenesis. We will also highlight the effect of the gut microbiota on immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment to present a perspective for further development of innovative therapeutic paradigms to prevent the progression of H. pylori-induced stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Asgari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Yadegar, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Attur M, Scher JU, Abramson SB, Attur M. Role of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2022; 11:2436. [PMID: 35954278 PMCID: PMC9368368 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic immune-mediated disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. It is often characterized by the generation of autoantibodies that lead to synovial inflammation and eventual multi-joint destruction. A growing number of studies have shown significant differences in the gut microbiota composition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to healthy controls. Environmental factors, and changes in diet and nutrition are thought to play a role in developing this dysbiosis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of intestinal dysbiosis, the role of nutritional factors, and its implications in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. The future direction focuses on developing microbiome manipulation therapeutics for RA disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavikalakshmi Attur
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Jose U Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Steven B. Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
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20
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Alteration in Gut Microbiota Associated with Zinc Deficiency in School-Age Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142895. [PMID: 35889856 PMCID: PMC9319427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency could lead to a dynamic variation in gut microbial composition and function in animals. However, how zinc deficiency affects the gut microbiome in school-age children remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to profile the dynamic shifts in the gut microbiome of school-age children with zinc deficiency, and to determine whether such shifts are associated with dietary intake. A dietary survey, anthropometric measurements, and serum tests were performed on 177 school-age children, and 67 children were selected to explore the gut microbial community using amplicon sequencing. School-age children suffered from poor dietary diversity and insufficient food and nutrient intake, and 32% of them were zinc deficient. The inflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the zinc deficiency (ZD) group compared to that in the control (CK) group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in beta diversity, while the Shannon index was much higher in the ZD group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Coprobacter, Acetivibrio, Paraprevotella, and Clostridium_XI were more abundant in the ZD group (p < 0.05). A functional predictive analysis showed that the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was significantly depleted in the ZD group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gut microbial diversity was affected by zinc deficiency with some specific bacteria highlighted in the ZD group, which may be used as biomarkers for further clinical diagnosis of zinc deficiency.
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Zhang X, Song M, Lv P, Hao G, Sun S. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal environment and gut microbiome under Salmonella infection. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102077. [PMID: 36067578 PMCID: PMC9468503 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis causes massive economic losses globally every year. Especially in poultry, numerous drug-resistant bacteria have emerged; thus, it is imperative to find alternatives to antibiotics. As a probiotic, Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) provides the latest strategy for inhibiting the proliferation of Salmonella. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of C. butyricum on intestinal environment and gut microbiome under Salmonella infection. In this study, we modeled the infection of Salmonella using specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and found that the use of C. butyricum directly reduced the number of Salmonella colonizations in the spleen and liver. It also alleviated the histopathological changes of the liver, spleen, and cecum caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). In addition, S. Enteritidis increased the expression of pro-inflammatory IL-6 in the cecum on day 6 postinfection. Interestingly, we found that C. butyricum changed PPAR-γ transcript levels in the cecum on day 6 postinfection. Analysis of the chick gastrointestinal microbiome showed that Salmonella infection increased the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum variabile. Further analysis found that Salmonella challenge significantly reduced the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and C. butyricum increased the relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria in the gut on day 6 postinfection. Moreover, early supplementation of C. butyricum restored the epithelial hypoxia in S. Enteritidis infection in chicks. The results suggest that C. butyricum restores epithelial hypoxia caused by S. Enteritidis, improves the stability of intestinal flora, and inhibits the proliferation of Salmonella.
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22
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Dai S, Wang Z, Yang Y, Du P, Li X. PM 2.5 induced weight loss of mice through altering the intestinal microenvironment: Mucus barrier, gut microbiota, and metabolic profiling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128653. [PMID: 35359108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The experimental evidences linking PM2.5 exposure to weight status disorder and the associated mechanisms were lacked. Here, we demonstrated exposure of 198.52 μg/m3 PM2.5 (Baoji city, China) for 40 days induced body weight loss of male Balb/C mice, and then increased after 14-day recovery. Correspondingly, gut microbiota dysbiosis, ileum metabolism alterations, and histopathological changes of liver and ileum elucidated the underlying mechanism. The richness and function modules of flora in feces significantly reduced after exposure, and the ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes reduced from 1.58 to 0.79. At genus level, Lactobacillus and Clostridium increased markedly, while Bacteroides and Parabacteroides decreased at day 40. After recovery, Oscillospira became the dominant genus. Additionally, the key metabolites in the ileum mediated by PM2.5 identified by metabolomics included arachidonic acid, prostaglandin H2, prostaglandin F2α, 5(S)-HPETE, AMP, and deoxyadenosine. Accordingly, conjoint analysis between the gut micorbiota and metabolic profiling revealed suppression of Arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway and stimulation of ABC transporters might contribute to the liver injury, ileum inflammation, and then weight loss of mice. Our findings suggested PM2.5 affected weight status of mice by meditating intestinal microenvironment, and provided new insight for further diagnosis of the air pollution dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Dai
- National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Medicine Research, Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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Abstract
Metabolomics emerged as an important tool to gain insights on how the body responds to therapeutic interventions. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the available data on metabolomics profiles that characterize patients submitted to different bariatric surgery procedures, which could be useful to predict clinical outcomes including weight loss and type 2 diabetes remission. For that, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA guidelines were followed. Data from forty-seven original study reports addressing metabolomics profiles induced by bariatric surgery that met eligibility criteria were compiled and summarized. Amino acids, lipids, energy-related and gut microbiota-related were the metabolite classes most influenced by bariatric surgery. Among these, higher pre-operative levels of specific lipids including phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids and bile acids were associated with post-operative T2D remission. As conclusion, metabolite profiling could become a useful tool to predict long term response to different bariatric surgery procedures, allowing more personalized interventions and improved healthcare resources allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Vaz
- Endocrine & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S Pereira
- Endocrine & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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From germ-free to wild: modulating microbiome complexity to understand mucosal immunology. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1085-1094. [PMID: 36065057 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences host responses at practically every level, and as research into host-microbe interactions expands, it is not surprising that we are uncovering similar roles for the microbiota at other barrier sites, such as the lung and skin. Using standard laboratory mice to assess host-microbe interactions, or even host intrinsic responses, can be challenging, as slight variations in the microbiota can affect experimental outcomes. When it comes to designing and selecting an appropriate level of microbial diversity and community structure for colonization of our laboratory rodents, we have more choices available to us than ever before. Here we will discuss the different approaches used to modulate microbial complexity that are available to study host-microbe interactions. We will describe how different models have been used to answer distinct biological questions, covering the entire microbial spectrum, from germ-free to wild.
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Li Q, Tsechoe D, Yuan H, Su G, Yang J. Environmental factors influence yak milk composition by modulating short-chain fatty acid metabolism in intestinal microorganisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tea Polyphenols Prevent and Intervene in COVID-19 through Intestinal Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040506. [PMID: 35205982 PMCID: PMC8871045 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although all countries have taken corresponding measures, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still ravaging the world. To consolidate the existing anti-epidemic results and further strengthen the prevention and control measures against the new coronavirus, we are now actively pioneering a novel research idea of regulating the intestinal microbiota through tea polyphenols for reference. Although studies have long revealed the regulatory effect of tea polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota to various gastrointestinal inflammations, little is known about the prevention and intervention of COVID-19. This review summarizes the possible mechanism of the influence of tea polyphenols on COVID-19 mediated by the intestinal microbiota. In this review, the latest studies of tea polyphenols exhibiting their own antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and protective effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier are combed through and summarized. Among them, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the main monomers of catechins, may be activated as nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The agent inhibits the expression of ACE2 (a cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2) and TMPRSS2 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, inhibiting the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, preliminary reasoning and judgments have been made about the possible mechanism of the effect of tea polyphenols on the COVID-19 control and prevention mediated by the microbiota. These results may be of great significance to the future exploration of specialized research in this field.
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Lock JY, Caboni M, Strandwitz P, Morrissette M, DiBona K, Joughin BA, Lewis K, Carrier RL. An in vitro intestinal model captures immunomodulatory properties of the microbiota in inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2039002. [PMID: 35316142 PMCID: PMC8942420 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2039002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable effort has been put forth to understand mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates and responds to inflammation. Here, we explored whether oxidation metabolites produced by the host during inflammation, sodium nitrate and trimethylamine oxide, impact the composition of a human stool bacterial population in a gut simulator. We then assessed whether an immune-competent in vitro intestinal model responded differently to spent medium from bacteria exposed to these cues compared to spent medium from a control bacterial population. The host-derived oxidation products were found to decrease levels of Bacteroidaceae and overall microbiota metabolic potential, while increasing levels of proinflammatory Enterobacteriaceae and lipopolysaccharide in bacterial cultures, reflecting shifts that occur in vivo in inflammation. Spent microbiota media induced elevated intracellular mucin levels and reduced intestinal monolayer integrity as reflected in transepithelial electrical resistance relative to fresh medium controls. However, multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed markedly different cytokine signatures from intestinal cultures exposed to spent medium with added oxidation products relative to spent control medium, while cytokine signatures of cultures exposed to fresh media were similar regardless of addition of host-derived cues. Further, the presence of immune cells in the intestinal model was required for this differentiation of cytokine signatures. This study indicates that simple in vitro immune-competent intestinal models can capture bacterial-mammalian cross-talk in response to host-derived oxidation products and supports utility of these systems for mechanistic studies of interactions between the gut microbiome and host in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Y. Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariaelena Caboni
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Strandwitz
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine Morrissette
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin DiBona
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Mit and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massacusetts, USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Shen Y, He J, Li H, Lan C, Li J, Chen H, Chen D, Ren Z, Yu B, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H. Fermented Alfalfa Meal Instead of "Grain-Type" Feedstuffs in the Diet Improves Intestinal Health Related Indexes in Weaned Pigs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:797875. [PMID: 34966376 PMCID: PMC8710769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn and soybean meal are the two main components in formula feed of farm animals, leading to a serious food competition between humans and livestock. An alternative may be to encourage the utilization of unconventional feedstuff in animal diet. In the current study, we evaluated the utilization of fermented alfalfa meal (FAM) in weaned pigs. Twenty weaned piglets (separately caged) were randomly divided into two groups. Pigs in the control group (CON) were fed corn-soybean meal diet, and part of corn and soya protein concentrate in the diet of another group was replaced by 8% FAM. After 40 days of feeding, the average feed intake of FAM pigs was increased (P > 0.05), and the villus height (VH) of jejunum and duodenum, crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD in FAM pigs was improved compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). The increase (P < 0.05) of goblet cells in the jejunum of FAM pigs was positively correlated with the expression of MUC-2 gene (R = 0.9150). The expression of genes related to immunity (IRAK4, NF-κB, and IL-10) and intestinal barrier (Occludin and MUC-2) in the jejunum, as well as the expression of ZO-1 and MUC-2 in the colon of these pigs, also showed increase (P < 0.05) compared to CON pigs, which was accompanied by the decrease (P < 0.05) of LPS concentration in the serum. The elevated proportion of CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets in spleen (P < 0.05) confirmed the improvement of systemic immune function in FAM pigs. In addition, FAM pigs have a higher β-diversity of microbial community (P < 0.05) and promoted enrichment of probiotics such as Lactobacillus that positively was correlated with acetate concentration in the colon over CON pigs. In summary, partially replacement of expanded corn and soya protein concentrate with FAM (8%) may benefit the intestinal barrier and immune function of weaned pigs without affecting their growth. Our findings also provide evidence of the feasibility of FAM as a dietary component in pigs to reduce the consumption of grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Lan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Naudhani M, Thakur K, Ni ZJ, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Formononetin reshapes the gut microbiota, prevents progression of obesity and improves host metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:12303-12324. [PMID: 34821251 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formononetin (FMNT) is an isoflavone that has been studied for its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic effects. However, the effect of FMNT on gut dysbiosis and metabolic complications associated with western-style diet consumption has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate how FMNT can reshape the gut microbiota at a specific dosage and ameliorate the symptoms of obesity-related metabolic disorders in both genders. Results indicate that FMNT at 60 mg per kg bodyweight dosage can effectively control body weight, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, leptin levels and improve HDL to LDL ratio. FMNT treatment suppressed Porphyromonadaceae (Uncultured Alistipes) and augmented maximum genera from families Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiacea, but at species level, formononetin increased Clostridium aldenense, Clostridiaceae unclassified, Eubacterium plexicaum; acetate and butyrate-producing bacteria. Moreover, formononetin regulated the expression of specific liver miRNA involved in obesity and down-regulated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-22 and TNF-α. Additionally, FMNT maintained intestinal membrane integrity by regulating the expression of Muc-2 and occludin. Our findings indicate that FMNT could be a potential prebiotic that can effectively regulate the gut microbiota, improve host metabolism and systemic inflammation, and prevent deleterious effects of a western-style diet by elevating acetate lactate and lactate butyrate producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh Naudhani
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and management sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Wang B, Zhou Y, Mao Y, Gong L, Li X, Xu S, Wang F, Guo Q, Zhang H, Li W. Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus plantarum Ameliorates Compromise of Growth Performance by Modulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Dysbiosis in Broilers Under Clostridium perfringens Challenge. Front Nutr 2021; 8:706148. [PMID: 34722602 PMCID: PMC8551491 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.706148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important zoonotic pathogen associated with food contamination and poisoning, gas gangrene, necrotizing enterocolitis or necrotic enteritis in humans and animals. Dysbacteriosis is supposedly associated with the development of C. perfringens infection induced necrotic enteritis, but the detailed relationship between intestinal health, microbiome, and C. perfringens infection-induced necrotic enteritis remains poorly understood. This research investigated the effect of probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers, and the involved roles of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolic functions under C. perfringens infection. Results showed that subclinical necrotic enteritis was successfully induced as evidenced by the significant lower body weight (BW), suppressed feed conversion ratio (FCR), decreased ileal villus height and mucosal barrier function, and increased ileal histopathological score and bursal weight index. Lactobacillus plantarum or Paenibacillus polymyxa significantly attenuated C. perfringens-induced compromise of growth performance (BW, FCR) and ileal mucosa damage as illustrated by the increased ileal villus height and villus/crypt ratio, the decreased ileal histopathological score and the enhanced ileal mucosal barrier function. L. plantarum also significantly alleviated C. perfringens-induced enlarged bursa of fabricius and the decreased levels of ileal total SCFAs, acetate, lactate, and butyrate. Furthermore, dietary L. plantarum improved C. perfringens infection-induced intestinal dysbiosis as evidenced by significantly enriched short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, Blautia), reduced drug-resistant bacteria (Bacteroides, Alistipes) and enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis) and bacterial metabolic dysfunctions as illustrated by significantly increased bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, decreased bacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and antibiotic biosynthesis (streptomycin and vancomycin). Additionally, the BW and intestinal SCFAs were the principal factors affecting the bacterial communities and microbial metabolic functions. The above findings indicate that dietary with L. plantarum attenuates C. perfringens-induced compromise of growth performance and intestinal dysbiosis by increasing SCFAs and improving intestinal health in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Coombes Z, Plant K, Freire C, Basit AW, Butler P, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Progesterone Metabolism by Human and Rat Hepatic and Intestinal Tissue. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101707. [PMID: 34684000 PMCID: PMC8537901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following oral administration, the bioavailability of progesterone is low and highly variable. As a result, no clinically relevant, natural progesterone oral formulation is available. After oral delivery, first-pass metabolism initially occurs in the intestines; however, very little information on progesterone metabolism in this organ currently exists. The aim of this study is to investigate the contributions of liver and intestine to progesterone clearance. In the presence of NADPH, a rapid clearance of progesterone was observed in human and rat liver samples (t1/2 2.7 and 2.72 min, respectively). The rate of progesterone depletion in intestine was statistically similar between rat and human (t1/2 197.6 min in rat and 157.2 min in human). However, in the absence of NADPH, progesterone was depleted at a significantly lower rate in rat intestine compared to human. The roles of aldo keto reductases (AKR), xanthine oxidase (XAO) and aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in progesterone metabolism were also investigated. The rate of progesterone depletion was found to be significantly reduced by AKR1C, 1D1 and 1B1 in human liver and by AKR1B1 in human intestine. The inhibition of AOX also caused a significant reduction in progesterone degradation in human liver, whereas no change was observed in the presence of an XAO inhibitor. Understanding the kinetics of intestinal as well as liver metabolism is important for the future development of progesterone oral formulations. This novel information can inform decisions on the development of targeted formulations and help predict dosage regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Coombes
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (Z.C.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Katie Plant
- Cyprotex, No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (K.P.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Philip Butler
- Cyprotex, No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (K.P.); (P.B.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (Z.C.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (Z.C.); (R.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1792-295384
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Lactobacillus casei T1 from kurut against Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and the gut microbial disorder. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Sturgess C, Montgomery H. Selection pressure at altitude for genes related to alcohol metabolism: A role for endogenous enteric ethanol synthesis? Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2155-2167. [PMID: 34487385 DOI: 10.1113/ep089628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Highland natives have undergone natural selection for genetic variants advantageous in adaptation to the hypobaric hypoxia experienced at high altitude. Why genes related to alcohol metabolism appear consistently selected for has not been greatly considered. We hypothesize that altitude-related changes in the gut microbiome offer one possible explanation. What advances does it highlight? Low intestinal oxygen tension might favour the production of ethanol through anaerobic fermentation by the gut microbiome. Subsequent increases in endogenous ethanol absorption could therefore provide a selection pressure for gene variants favouring its increased degradation, or perhaps reduced degradation if endogenously synthesized ethanol acts as a metabolic signalling molecule. ABSTRACT Reduced tissue availability of oxygen results from ascent to high altitude, where atmospheric pressure, and thus the partial pressure of inspired oxygen, fall (hypobaric hypoxia). In humans, adaptation to such hypoxia is necessary for survival. These functional changes remain incompletely characterized, although metabolic adaptation (rather than simple increases in convective oxygen delivery) appears to play a fundamental role. Those populations that have remained native to high altitude have undergone natural selection for genetic variants associated with advantageous phenotypic traits. Interestingly, a consistent genetic signal has implicated alcohol metabolism in the human adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia. The reasons for this remain unclear. One possibility is that increased alcohol synthesis occurs through fermentation by gut bacteria in response to enteric hypoxia. There is growing evidence that anaerobes capable of producing ethanol become increasingly prevalent with high-altitude exposure. We hypothesize that: (1) ascent to high altitude renders the gut luminal environment increasingly hypoxic, favouring (2) an increase in the population of enteric fermenting anaerobes, hence (3) the synthesis of alcohol which, through systemic absorption, leads to (4) selection pressure on genes relating to alcohol metabolism. In theory, alcohol could be viewed as a toxic product, leading to selection of gene variants favouring its metabolism. On the contrary, alcohol is a metabolic substrate that might be beneficial. This mechanism could also account for some of the interindividual differences of lowlanders in acclimatization to altitude. Future research should be aimed at determining any shifts to favour ethanol-producing anaerobes after ascent to altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Sturgess
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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McClave SA. Can feeding strategies alter immune signaling and gut sepsis in critical illness? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:66-73. [PMID: 34477220 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The insult necessitating admission to the intensive care unit propels the patient along a course involving increasing oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and adverse outcomes. As the largest immune organ with the greatest microbial burden, the gastrointestinal tract may change the speed and direction the patient follows along this pathway. The gut's influence is mediated by a complex process of cross-talk immune signaling between the intestinal epithelium, the liver, and the microbiome. Agents which invoke this response vary from mitochondrial DNA, inflammatory cytokines, and bacterial organisms to short chain fatty acids and bile salts. The site of action of these agents again varies widely from Pattern Recognition Receptors, G protein receptors, and Farnesoid X receptors in the gut and liver to transcriptional factors in epithelial cells, hepatocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. While the initial focus of response may be local within the gastrointestinal tract and liver, the process extends in a systemic manner to affect immune tissue and various organs at distant sites. The gut can modulate this cross-talk signaling through numerous strategies in design of nutritional therapy. The physiologic response to luminal nutrients and short chain fatty acids, and more novel approaches like use phosphorylated polyethylene glycol, bovine serum-derived immunoglobulin, and specialized pro-resolving molecules may help slow disease progression and even reverse the patient's course toward one of health and recovery. The optimal benefit to be derived from nutritional therapy may have more to do with the degree to which immune cross-talk signaling can be modified by such innovative strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McClave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine
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Hassouneh SAD, Loftus M, Yooseph S. Linking Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms to Changes in the Gut Microbiome Structure and Function. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673632. [PMID: 34349736 PMCID: PMC8326577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is often characterized by abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, inflammation, and weight loss. Many studies have posited that the gut microbiome may play an integral role in the onset and exacerbation of IBD. Here, we present a novel computational analysis of a previously published IBD dataset. This dataset consists of shotgun sequence data generated from fecal samples collected from individuals with IBD and an internal control group. Utilizing multiple external controls, together with appropriate techniques to handle the compositionality aspect of sequence data, our computational framework can identify and corroborate differences in the taxonomic profiles, bacterial association networks, and functional capacity within the IBD gut microbiome. Our analysis identified 42 bacterial species that are differentially abundant between IBD and every control group (one internal control and two external controls) with at least a twofold difference. Of the 42 species, 34 were significantly elevated in IBD, relative to every other control. These 34 species were still present in the control groups and appear to play important roles, according to network centrality and degree, in all bacterial association networks. Many of the species elevated in IBD have been implicated in modulating the immune response, mucin degradation, antibiotic resistance, and inflammation. We also identified elevated relative abundances of protein families related to signal transduction, sporulation and germination, and polysaccharide degradation as well as decreased relative abundance of protein families related to menaquinone and ubiquinone biosynthesis. Finally, we identified differences in functional capacities between IBD and healthy controls, and subsequently linked the changes in the functional capacity to previously published clinical research and to symptoms that commonly occur in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayf Al-Deen Hassouneh
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Mark Loftus
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Department of Computer Science, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228872. [PMID: 34076695 PMCID: PMC8201460 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms whilst still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and generation of microbe-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homoeostasis, promote protective immune responses, and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiota to help reverse dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and ultimately prevent disease progression.
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Sudhakar P, Machiels K, Verstockt B, Korcsmaros T, Vermeire S. Computational Biology and Machine Learning Approaches to Understand Mechanistic Microbiome-Host Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618856. [PMID: 34046017 PMCID: PMC8148342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome, by virtue of its interactions with the host, is implicated in various host functions including its influence on nutrition and homeostasis. Many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by a disruption of microbial communities in at least one biological niche/organ system. Various molecular mechanisms between microbial and host components such as proteins, RNAs, metabolites have recently been identified, thus filling many gaps in our understanding of how the microbiome modulates host processes. Concurrently, high-throughput technologies have enabled the profiling of heterogeneous datasets capturing community level changes in the microbiome as well as the host responses. However, due to limitations in parallel sampling and analytical procedures, big gaps still exist in terms of how the microbiome mechanistically influences host functions at a system and community level. In the past decade, computational biology and machine learning methodologies have been developed with the aim of filling the existing gaps. Due to the agnostic nature of the tools, they have been applied in diverse disease contexts to analyze and infer the interactions between the microbiome and host molecular components. Some of these approaches allow the identification and analysis of affected downstream host processes. Most of the tools statistically or mechanistically integrate different types of -omic and meta -omic datasets followed by functional/biological interpretation. In this review, we provide an overview of the landscape of computational approaches for investigating mechanistic interactions between individual microbes/microbiome and the host and the opportunities for basic and clinical research. These could include but are not limited to the development of activity- and mechanism-based biomarkers, uncovering mechanisms for therapeutic interventions and generating integrated signatures to stratify patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Machiels
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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The Nutritional Significance of Intestinal Fungi: Alteration of Dietary Carbohydrate Composition Triggers Colonic Fungal Community Shifts in a Pig Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00038-21. [PMID: 33712429 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00038-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates represent the most important energy source in the diet of humans and animals. A large number of studies have shown that dietary carbohydrates (DCHO) are related to the bacterial community in the gut, but their relationship with the composition of intestinal fungi is still unknown. Here, we report the response of the colonic fungal community to different compositions of DCHO in a pig model. Three factors, ratio (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP), level of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; 1%, 2%, and 3%), and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS; 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg body weight), were considered according to an L9 (34) orthogonal design to form nine diets with different carbohydrate compositions. Sequencing based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 region showed that the fungal community in the colon of the pigs responded to DCHO in the order of MOS, AM/AP, and NSP. A large part of some low-abundance fungal genera correlated with the composition of DCHO, represented by Saccharomycopsis, Mrakia, Wallemia, Cantharellus, Eurotium, Solicoccozyma, and Penicillium, were also associated with the concentration of glucose and fructose, as well as the activity of β-d-glucosidase in the colonic digesta, suggesting a role of these fungi in the degradation of DCHO in the colon of pigs. Our study provides direct evidence for the relationship between the composition of DCHO and the fungal community in the colon of pigs, which is helpful to understand the function of gut microorganisms in pigs.IMPORTANCE Although fungi are a large group of microorganisms along with bacteria and archaea in the gut of monogastric animals, the nutritional significance of fungi has been ignored for a long time. Our previous studies revealed a distinct fungal community in the gut of grazing Tibetan pigs (J. Li, D. Chen, B. Yu, J. He, et al., Microb Biotechnol 13:509-521, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13507) and a close correlation between fungal species and short-chain fatty acids, the main microbial metabolites of carbohydrates in the hindgut of pigs (J. Li, Y. Luo, D. Chen, B. Yu, et al., J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 104:616-628, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13300). These groundbreaking findings indicate a potential relationship between intestinal fungi and the utilization of DCHO. However, no evidence directly proves the response of intestinal fungi to changes in DCHO. Here, we show a clear alteration of the colonic fungal community in pigs triggered by different compositions of DCHO simulated by varied concentrations of starch, nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), and oligosaccharides. Our results highlight the potential involvement of intestinal fungi in the utilization of nutrients in monogastric animals.
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Ternet C, Kiel C. Signaling pathways in intestinal homeostasis and colorectal cancer: KRAS at centre stage. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 33691728 PMCID: PMC7945333 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium acts as a physical barrier that separates the intestinal microbiota from the host and is critical for preserving intestinal homeostasis. The barrier is formed by tightly linked intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) (i.e. enterocytes, goblet cells, neuroendocrine cells, tuft cells, Paneth cells, and M cells), which constantly self-renew and shed. IECs also communicate with microbiota, coordinate innate and adaptive effector cell functions. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways contributing to intestinal cell fates and homeostasis functions. We focus especially on intestinal stem cell proliferation, cell junction formation, remodelling, hypoxia, the impact of intestinal microbiota, the immune system, inflammation, and metabolism. Recognizing the critical role of KRAS mutants in colorectal cancer, we highlight the connections of KRAS signaling pathways in coordinating these functions. Furthermore, we review the impact of KRAS colorectal cancer mutants on pathway rewiring associated with disruption and dysfunction of the normal intestinal homeostasis. Given that KRAS is still considered undruggable and the development of treatments that directly target KRAS are unlikely, we discuss the suitability of targeting pathways downstream of KRAS as well as alterations of cell extrinsic/microenvironmental factors as possible targets for modulating signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ternet
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Kiel
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Dysbiosis and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Is Exacerbated Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:311-327. [PMID: 33997519 PMCID: PMC8093480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are no data evaluating the microbiome in congenital heart disease following cardiopulmonary bypass. The authors evaluated patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and noncardiac patients undergoing surgery without bypass. Patients with congenital heart disease had differences in baseline microbiome compared with control subjects, and this was exacerbated following surgery with bypass. Markers of barrier dysfunction were similar for both groups at baseline, and surgery with bypass induced significant intestinal barrier dysfunction compared with control subjects. This study offers novel evidence of alterations of the microbiome in congenital heart disease and exacerbation along with intestinal barrier dysfunction following cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- CHD, congenital heart disease
- CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- EBD, epithelial barrier dysfunction
- FABP2, fatty acid binding protein 2
- LCOS, low–cardiac output syndrome
- NPO, nil per os
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- RA, relative abundance
- bacterial interactions
- cardiovascular disease
- enteric bacterial microflora
- intestinal barrier function
- intestinal microbiology
- rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid
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Ma J, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Yu X, Hu R, Wang X, Cao G, Zou H, Shah AM, Peng Q, Xue B, Wang L, Zhao S, Kong X. Comparing the Bacterial Community in the Gastrointestinal Tracts Between Growth-Retarded and Normal Yaks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:600516. [PMID: 33391217 PMCID: PMC7775487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In ruminants, the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has an essential role in healthy growth. Examining the bacterial composition in the GIT between growth-retarded and normal yaks could improve our understanding of the role of microorganisms in yaks with growth retardation. In this study, eight male yaks with growth retardation were used as the growth-retarded yak (GRY) group, and another eight male growth normal yaks (GNYs) with the same breed and age were used as the GNY group. We compared the bacterial community in the rumen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon between GRY and GNY groups based on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Alpha-diversity revealed that the Shannon index in the duodenum and ileum of the GNY group was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GRY group. However, the opposite trend was found in the jejunum and cecum. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the bacterial structure in all segments of GIT differed from each other between two groups. In the rumen, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Treponema 2 were higher (P < 0.05) in the GNY group as compared with the GRY group. However, the Christensenellaceae R-7 group exhibited an opposite trend. In the jejunum, compared with the GNY group, the unclassified Chitinophagaceae was enriched significantly (P < 0.05) in the GRY group. However, the unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group were enriched (P < 0.05) in the GNY group. In the ileum, the relative abundances of the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Prevotellaceae UCG-004 were higher (P < 0.05) in the GNY group than those in the GRY group. In the cecum, the GNY group showed a higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-003 as compared with the GRY group. In the colon, the relative abundances of Treponema 2 and unclassified Lachnospiraceae were slightly higher (0.05 < P < 0.10) in the GNY group than those in the GRY group. Overall, these results improve our knowledge about the bacterial composition in the GIT of growth-retarded and normal yaks, and regulating the bacterial community may be an effective solution to promote the compensatory growth of GRYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiao Zhu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Yu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang Cao
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suonan Zhao
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Haibei, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Haibei, China
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Assessing the Multivariate Relationship between the Human Infant Intestinal Exfoliated Cell Transcriptome (Exfoliome) and Microbiome in Response to Diet. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122032. [PMID: 33353204 PMCID: PMC7766018 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the host exist in a mutualistic relationship, with the functional composition of the microbiota strongly influencing the health and well-being of the host. In addition to the standard differential expression analysis of host genes to assess the complex cross-talk between environment (diet), microbiome, and host intestinal physiology, data-driven integrative approaches are needed to identify potential biomarkers of both host genes and microbial communities that characterize these interactions. Our findings demonstrate that the complementary application of univariate differential gene expression analysis and multivariate approaches such as sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (sCCA) and sparse Principal Components Analysis (sPCA) can be used to integrate data from both the healthy infant gut microbial community and host transcriptome (exfoliome) using stool derived exfoliated cells shed from the gut. These approaches reveal host genes and microbial functional categories related to the feeding phenotype of the infants. Our findings also confirm that combinatorial noninvasive -omic approaches provide an integrative genomics-based perspective of neonatal host-gut microbiome interactions.
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Niu JL, Wei LQ, Luo YQ, Yang WT, Lu QC, Zheng XX, Niu YJ, Sheng W, Cheng H, Zhang WJ, Nie CX. Fermented cottonseed meal improves production performance and reduces fat deposition in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:680-691. [PMID: 33254361 PMCID: PMC7961297 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and fat deposition in white-feather broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 480 male one-day-old white-feather broiler chickens were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each. The experimental chickens were fed diets including 3%, 6%, or 9% FCSM fermented by Candida tropicalis until 42 days old. In the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed soybean meal. RESULTS FCSM supplementation linearly decreased the feed conversion ratio from d 15 to 21 and d 36 to 42, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of carcass and semi-eviscerate increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at d 21 (p<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated and semi-eviscerate of 3FCSM was higher than that in other groups at d 35 (p<0.05). At the age of 42 d, the percentage of carcass increased in a quadratic way among increasing FCSM in diets (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased with the increasing levels of FCSM at d 21 (p<0.05). Gompertz and Logistic functions provided a better fit on abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The best fitted equation predicted that the maximum growth rate of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness occurred at d 28. FCSM had no significant effects on the shape of growth curve of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness, but reduced the height of the curve. Birds receiving the 6FCSM diet for 21 d had smaller adipocyte surface and lower serum glucose as well as triglyceride concentration. CONCLUSION FCSM is beneficial for broiler chickens as it positively affects their growth and carcass in addition to altering their fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lian Qing Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yuan Qing Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Wen Ting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Qi Cheng Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xin Xia Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yu Jie Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Wen Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Wen Ju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Cun Xi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
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Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a coordinated communication system that not only maintains homeostasis, but significantly influences higher cognitive functions and emotions, as well as neurological and behavioral disorders. Among the large populations of sensory and motor neurons that innervate the gut, insights into the function of primary afferent nociceptors, whose cell bodies reside in the dorsal root ganglia and nodose ganglia, have revealed their multiple crosstalk with several cell types within the gut wall, including epithelial, vascular, and immune cells. These bidirectional communications have immunoregulatory functions, control host response to pathogens, and modulate sensations associated with gastrointestinal disorders, through activation of immune cells and glia in the peripheral and central nervous system, respectively. Here, we will review the cellular and neurochemical basis of these interactions at the periphery, in dorsal root ganglia, and in the spinal cord. We will discuss the research gaps that should be addressed to get a better understanding of the multifunctional role of sensory neurons in maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Abdullah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Zhou H, Zhou SY, Gillilland M, Li JY, Lee A, Gao J, Zhang G, Xu X, Owyang C. Bile acid toxicity in Paneth cells contributes to gut dysbiosis induced by high-fat feeding. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138881. [PMID: 33055426 PMCID: PMC7605541 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat feeding (HFF) leads to gut dysbiosis through unclear mechanisms. We hypothesize that bile acids secreted in response to high-fat diets (HFDs) may act on intestinal Paneth cells, leading to gut dysbiosis. We found that HFF resulted in widespread taxonomic shifts in the bacteria of the ileal mucosa, characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus and enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium XIVa, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, which were prevented by the bile acid binder cholestyramine. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies showed that G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) expressed in Paneth cells was upregulated in the rats fed HFD or normal chow supplemented with cholic acid. This was accompanied by decreased lysozyme+ Paneth cells and α-defensin 5 and 6 and increased expression of XBP-1. Pretreatment with ER stress inhibitor 4PBA or with cholestyramine prevented these changes. Ileal explants incubated with deoxycholic acid or cholic acid caused a decrease in α-defensin 5 and 6 and an increase in XBP-1, which was prevented by TGR5 antibody or 4PBA. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration to our knowledge that TGR5 is expressed in Paneth cells. HFF resulted in increased bile acid secretion and upregulation of TGR5 expression in Paneth cells. Bile acid toxicity in Paneth cells contributes to gut dysbiosis induced by HFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yi Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Merritt Gillilland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Allen Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jun Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guanpo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chung Owyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tan HY, Toh YC. What can microfluidics do for human microbiome research? BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:051303. [PMID: 33062112 PMCID: PMC7538166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the human microbiome has been linked to various disease states, which has galvanized the efforts to modulate human health through microbiomes. Currently, human microbiome research is going through several phases to identify the constituent components of the microbiome, associate microbiome changes with physiological and pathological states, understand causative relationships, and finally translate this knowledge into therapeutics and diagnostics. The convergence of microfluidic technologies with molecular and cell profiling, microbiology, and tissue engineering can potentially be applied to these different phases of microbiome research to overcome the existing challenges faced by conventional approaches. The goal of this paper is to discuss and highlight the opportunities of applying different microfluidic technologies to specific areas of microbiome research as well as unique challenges that microfluidics must overcome when working with microbiome-relevant biological materials, e.g., micro-organisms, host tissues, and fluids. We will discuss the applicability of integrated microfluidic systems for processing biological samples for genomic sequencing analyses. For functional analysis of the microbiota, we will cover state-of-the-art microfluidic devices for microbiota cultivation and functional measurements. Finally, we highlight the use of organs-on-chips to model various microbiome-host tissue interactions. We envision that microfluidic technologies may hold great promise in advancing the knowledge on the interplay between microbiome and human health, as well as its eventual translation into microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsih-Yin Tan
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Salvo E, Stokes P, Keogh CE, Brust-Mascher I, Hennessey C, Knotts TA, Sladek JA, Rude KM, Swedek M, Rabasa G, Gareau MG. A murine model of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease causes microbiota-gut-brain axis deficits in adulthood. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G361-G374. [PMID: 32726162 PMCID: PMC7509259 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00177.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic intestinal diseases, frequently associated with comorbid psychological and cognitive deficits. These neuropsychiatric effects include anxiety, depression, and memory impairments that can be seen both during active disease and following remission and are more frequently seen in pediatric patients. The mechanism(s) through which these extraintestinal deficits develop remain unknown, and the study of these phenomenon is hampered by a lack of murine pediatric IBD models. Herein we describe microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis deficits following induction of colitis in a pediatric setting. Acute colitis was induced by administration of 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 5 days starting at weaning [postnatal day (P)21] causing reduced weight gain, colonic shortening, and colonic inflammation by 8 days post-DSS (P29), which were mostly resolved in adult (P56) mice. Despite resolution of acute disease, cognitive deficits (novel object recognition task) and anxiety-like behavior (light/dark box) were identified in the absence of changes in exploratory behavior (open field test) in P56 mice previously treated with DSS at weaning. Behavioral deficits were found in conjunction with neuroinflammation, decreased neurogenesis, and altered expression of pattern recognition receptor genes in the hippocampus. Additionally, persistent alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed at P56, including reduced butyrate-producing species. Taken together, these results describe for the first time the presence of MGB axis deficits following induction of colitis at weaning, which persist in adulthood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we describe long-lasting impacts on the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis following administration of low-dose dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to weaning mice (P21), including gut dysbiosis, colonic inflammation, and brain/behavioral deficits in adulthood (P56). Early-life DSS leads to acute colonic inflammation, similar to adult mice; however, it results in long-lasting deficits in the MGB axis in adulthood (P56), in contrast to the transient deficits seen in adult DSS. This model highlights the unique features of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Salvo
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Patricia Stokes
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ciara E. Keogh
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Carly Hennessey
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Trina A. Knotts
- 2Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jessica A. Sladek
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kavi M. Rude
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle Swedek
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gonzalo Rabasa
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Mélanie G. Gareau
- 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California
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Amaral AF, Rahman KS, Kick AR, Cortes LM, Robertson J, Kaltenboeck B, Gerdts V, O’Connell CM, Poston TB, Zheng X, Liu C, Omesi SY, Darville T, Käser T. Mucosal Vaccination with UV-Inactivated Chlamydia suis in Pre-Exposed Outbred Pigs Decreases Pathogen Load and Induces CD4 T-Cell Maturation into IFN-γ + Effector Memory Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030353. [PMID: 32630694 PMCID: PMC7564508 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most frequent bacterial sexually transmitted disease, and they can lead to ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Despite these detrimental long-term sequelae, a vaccine is not available. Success in preclinical animal studies is essential for vaccines to move to human clinical trials. Pigs are the natural host to Chlamydia suis (Cs)-a chlamydia species closely related to Ct, and are susceptible to Ct, making them a valuable animal model for Ct vaccine development. Before making it onto market, Ct vaccine candidates must show efficacy in a high-risk human population. The high prevalence of human Ct infection combined with the fact that natural infection does not result in sterilizing immunity, results in people at risk likely having been pre-exposed, and thus having some level of underlying non-protective immunity. Like human Ct, Cs is highly prevalent in outbred pigs. Therefore, the goal of this study was to model a trial in pre-exposed humans, and to determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasal Cs vaccination in pre-exposed outbred pigs. The vaccine candidates consisted of UV-inactivated Cs particles in the presence or absence of an adjuvant (TriAdj). In this study, both groups of vaccinated pigs had a lower Cs burden compared to the non-vaccinated group; especially the TriAdj group induced the differentiation of CD4+ cells into tissue-trafficking CCR7- IFN-γ-producing effector memory T cells. These results indicate that Cs vaccination of pre-exposed pigs effectively boosts a non-protective immune response induced by natural infection; moreover, they suggest that a similar approach could be applied to human vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F. Amaral
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Khondaker S. Rahman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrew R. Kick
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lizette M. Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
| | - James Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Bernhard Kaltenboeck
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Catherine M. O’Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Taylor B. Poston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Chuwen Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Sam Y. Omesi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-513-6352
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Pooljun C, Daorueang S, Weerachatyanukul W, Direkbusarakom S, Jariyapong P. Enhancement of shrimp health and immunity with diets supplemented with combined probiotics: application to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:37-46. [PMID: 32618287 DOI: 10.3354/dao03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of probiotics for disease control in aquaculture is now a convincing approach towards replacement of antibiotics, which can cause adverse effects in aquatic animals and humans. In this study, we combined 2 probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with shrimp feed to create 2 formulas (WU8 and WU9), which were fed for 10 d to juvenile shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The shrimps were then subjected to a challenge infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND). The protective effects of probiotics against bacterial infection were investigated through histopathology of the hepatopancrease and immunological evaluation of shrimp. Both WU8 and WU9 probiotic mixtures (1:1, at 108 and 109 CFU kg diet-1) increased blasenzellen hepatopancreatic epithelial cells and reduced pathology caused by AHPND. After 10 d of feeding, hemocyte parameters, including the total hemocyte count, percent of granular hemocytes, and phenoloxidase activity, increased significantly and were still increasing at 24 h post infection. Crustin and penaeidin 3 genes were also highly upregulated in hemocytes before and after 24 h of bacterial challenge and significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas 1 to 5 d post-infection. A significantly higher survival rate was observed in shrimp fed with the probiotic supplemented diet (>90%) in comparison to the control group (60%). In conclusion, probiotic mixtures of L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae reduced hepatopancreas pathology and protected shrimp from a challenge with AHPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chettupon Pooljun
- Research Center of Excellence on Shrimp, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80161, Thailand
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50
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Wang RX, Lee JS, Campbell EL, Colgan SP. Microbiota-derived butyrate dynamically regulates intestinal homeostasis through regulation of actin-associated protein synaptopodin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11648-11657. [PMID: 32398370 PMCID: PMC7260972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917597117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa exists in dynamic balance with trillions of luminal microbes. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, commonly observed in mucosal inflammation and diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), is often associated with dysbiosis, particularly decreases in species producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate. It remains unclear to what extent microbiota-derived factors contribute to the overall maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Initial studies revealed that butyrate selectively promotes epithelial barrier function and wound healing. We aimed to define the specific mechanism(s) through which butyrate contributes to these epithelial responses. Guided by an unbiased profiling approach, we identified the dominant regulation of the actin-binding protein synaptopodin (SYNPO). Extensions of this work revealed a role for SYNPO in intestinal epithelial barrier function and wound healing. SYNPO was localized to the intestinal epithelial tight junction and within F-actin stress fibers where it is critical for barrier integrity and cell motility. Butyrate, but not other SCFAs, induced SYNPO in epithelial cell lines and murine colonic enteroids through mechanisms possibly involving histone deacetylase inhibition. Moreover, depletion of the microbiota abrogated expression of SYNPO in the mouse colon, which was rescued with butyrate repletion. Studies in Synpo-deficient mice demonstrated exacerbated disease susceptibility and increased intestinal permeability in a dextran sulfate sodium colitis model. These findings establish a critical role for the microbiota and their products, specifically butyrate, in the regulated expression of SYNPO for intestinal homeostasis and reveal a direct mechanistic link between microbiota-derived butyrate and barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth X Wang
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - J Scott Lee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eric L Campbell
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
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