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Zhang M, Chen Q, Gong Z. Microbial remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil focused on the mechanism and microbial response: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33325-33346. [PMID: 38709405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The environmental pollution caused by petroleum hydrocarbons has received considerable attention in recent years. Microbial remediation has emerged as the preferred method for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, which is experiencing rapid development driven by advancements in molecular biology. Herein, the capacity of different microorganisms used for crude oil bioremediation was reviewed. Moreover, factors influencing the effectiveness of microbial remediation were discussed. Microbial remediation methods, such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and bioventilation, are summarized in this review. Aerobic and anaerobic degradation mechanisms were reviewed to elucidate the metabolic pathways involved. The impacts of petroleum hydrocarbons on microorganisms and the environment were also revealed. A brief overview of synthetic biology and a unique perspective of technique combinations were presented to provide insight into research trends. The challenges and future outlook were also presented to stimulate contemplation of the mechanisms involved and the development of innovative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wei Z, Wei Y, Liu Y, Niu S, Xu Y, Park JH, Wang JJ. Biochar-based materials as remediation strategy in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water: Performances, mechanisms, and environmental impact. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:350-372. [PMID: 38135402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment. Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials, have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance, mechanisms, and potential environmental toxicity of biochar, modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water. Specifically, the use of biochar in oil-contaminated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the removal ability of biochar were systematically evaluated. In addition, the modification and integrated use of biochar for improving the removal efficiency were summarized from the aspects of sorption, biodegradation, chemical degradation, and reusability. Moreover, the functional impacts and associated ecotoxicity of pristine and modified biochars in various environments were demonstrated. Finally, some shortcoming of current approaches, and future research needs were provided for the future direction and challenges of modified biochar research. Overall, this paper gain insight into biochar application in petroleum remediation from the perspectives of performance enhancement and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wei
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter. Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaxi Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter. Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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3
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Rushimisha IE, Li X, Han T, Chen X, Abdoul Magid ASI, Sun Y, Li Y. Application of biochar on soil bioelectrochemical remediation: behind roles, progress, and potential. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:120-138. [PMID: 36137569 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) that combine electrochemistry with biological methods have gained attention in the remediation of polluted environments, including wastewater, sludge, sediments, and soils. The most attractive advantage of BESs is that the solid electrode is used as an inexhaustible electron acceptor or donor, and biocurrent directly converted from organics can afford the reaction energy of contaminant breakdown, crossing the internal energy barrier of endothermic degradation, which achieves a continuous biodegradation process without the simultaneous use of exogenetic chemicals and bioelectricity recovery. However, soil BESs are hindered by expensive electrode materials, difficult pollutant and electron transfer, low microbial competitive activity, and biocompatibility in contamination remediation. Fortunately, introducing biochar into soil BESs could reveal a high potential in addressing these BES inadequacies. The characteristics of biochar, e.g., conductivity, transferability, high specific surface area, high porosity, large functional groups, and biocompatibility, can improve the performance of soil BESs. In fact, biochar not only carries electrons but also transfers nutrients, pollutants, and even bacteria by facilitating transmission in the bioelectric field of BESs. Consequently, the abilities of biochar make for better functionality of BESs. This review collates information on the roles, application, and progress of biochar in soil BESs, and future prospects are given. It is beneficial for environmental researchers and engineers to extend BES application in environmental remediation and to assist the progress of carbon sequestration and emission reduction based on the inertia of biochar and the blocking of electron flow to form methane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yan Sun
- Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Lan J, Wen F, Ren Y, Liu G, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X. An overview of bioelectrokinetic and bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100278. [PMID: 37251519 PMCID: PMC10220241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The global problem of petroleum contamination in soils seriously threatens environmental safety and human health. Current studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of bioelectrokinetic and bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils due to their easy implementation, environmental benignity, and enhanced removal efficiency compared to bioremediation. This paper reviewed recent progress and development associated with bioelectrokinetic and bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. The working principles, removal efficiencies, affecting factors, and constraints of the two technologies were thoroughly summarized and discussed. The potentials, challenges, and future perspectives were also deliberated to shed light on how to overcome the barriers and realize widespread implementation on large scales of these two technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yongxiang Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Saliu AO, Akinpelumi BE, Najeemdeen BA. Potential of biochar for hydrocarbon degradation of crude oil-contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:1049-1059. [PMID: 37301542 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of phytoremediation and biochar application on hydrocarbon degradation in crude oil-contaminated soils. The experiment consisted of four levels of biochar application (0, 5, 10, and 15 t/ha) and the presence or absence of Vigna unguiculata (cowpea; +C, -C) replicated thrice and arranged in a 4 × 2 × 3 factorial completely randomized design. Samples were taken on days 0, 30, and 60 for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis. A significantly higher TPH degradation efficiency of 69.2% (7033 mg/kg) was observed in contaminated soils amended with 15 t/ha biochar only after 60 days of incubation. Highly significant interactions were observed between biochar × plant (p < 0.001) and biochar × days (p = 0.0073). Biochar also improved the growth of plants in contaminated soils, with the highest height of 23.50 cm and stem girth of 2.10 cm obtained when plants were amended with 15 t/ha biochar at 6 weeks after planting. The potential of biochar to increase the degradation efficiency of hydrocarbons should be explored in the long run for the cleanup of crude oil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola O Saliu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | | | - Bolaji A Najeemdeen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Yue G, Cao J, Li C, Ma J. Vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation of petroleum VOCs in the unsaturated zone: A microcosm study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139275. [PMID: 37343641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditional natural attenuation studies focus on aqueous process in the saturated zone while vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation in the unsaturated zone received much less attention. This study used microcosm experiments to explore the vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation of 23 petroleum VOCs in the unsaturated zone including 7 monoaromatic hydrocarbons, 6 n-alkanes, 4 cycloalkanes, 3 alkylcycloalkanes and 3 fuel ethers. We found that monoaromatic hydrocarbon vapors were easily attenuated with significantly high first-order biodegradation rates (9.48 d-1-43.20 d-1) in live yellow earth, of which toluene and benzene had the highest biodegradation rates (43.20 d-1 and 28.32 d-1, respectively). The 13 aliphatic hydrocarbons and 3 fuel ethers all have relatively low attenuation rates (<0.54 d-1) in live soil and negligible biodegradation contribution. We explored the effects of soil types (black soil, yellow earth, lateritic red earth and quartz sand), soil moisture (2, 5, 10, and 17 wt%) contents and temperatures (4, 15, 25, 35 and 45 °C) on the vapor attenuation. Results showed that increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content, silt content, porosity and soil microorganism numbers enhanced contaminant attenuation and remediation efficiency. Increasing moisture content reduced the apparent first-order biodegradation rates of monoaromatic hydrocarbon vapors. The vapor-phase biodegradation had optimal temperature (∼25 °C in yellow earth) and increasing or decreasing temperature slowed down biodegradation rate. Overall, this study enhanced our understanding of vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation of petroleum VOCs in the unsaturated zone, which is critical for the long-term management and remediation of petroleum contaminated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Gangsen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jinhui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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7
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Sun Y, Yue G, Ma J. Transport and natural attenuation of benzene vapor from a point source in the vadose zone. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138222. [PMID: 36863631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The vadose zone is a very dynamic and active environment that directly affects natural attenuation and vapor intrusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, it is important to understand the fate and transport of VOCs in the vadose zone. A column experiment combined with model study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil type, vadose zone thickness, and soil moisture content on benzene vapor transport and natural attenuation in the vadose zone. Vapor-phase biodegradation and volatilization to atmosphere for benzene are two main natural attenuation mechanism in the vadose zone. Our data showed that biodegradation in black soil is the main natural attenuation mechanism (82.8%) while volatilization is the main natural attenuation mechanism in quartz sand, floodplain soil, lateritic red earth and yellow earth (>71.9%). The R-UNSAT model-predicted soil gas concentration profile and flux were close with four soil column data except for yellow earth. Increasing the vadose zone thickness and soil moisture content significantly reduced the volatilization contribution while increased biodegradation contribution. The volatilization loss decreased from 89.3% to 45.8% when the vadose zone thickness increased from 30 cm to 150 cm. The volatilization loss decreased from 71.9% to 10.1% when the soil moisture content increased from 6.4% to 25.4%. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into clarifying the roles of soil type, moisture, and other environmental conditions in vadose zone natural attenuation mechanism and vapor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Gangsen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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Aziz S, Bibi S, Hasan MM, Biswas P, Ali MI, Bilal M, Chopra H, Mukerjee N, Maitra S. A review on influence of biochar amendment on soil processes and environmental remediation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-35. [PMID: 36747352 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the thermal degradation product of biomass generated in an oxygen-limited environment under different pyrolysis conditions. Biochar characteristics are functions of the feedstock material and pyrolysis temperature. Depending on pyrolysis conditions biochar concentrates varying quantities of recalcitrant and labile carbon along with nutrients which in turn affect soil physiochemical properties and microbial processes. Biochar in soil balances carbon content encourages nitrogen fixation and solubilize phosphorus along with enhancing soil enzyme activity. It serves as a microhabitat for microorganisms present in soil thus influences the diversity, composition, and distribution of soil microbial communities by affecting their intra- and interspecific communication. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about biochar characteristics, its interactions with soil, and associated biota and its role in soil remediation. In addition, this paper also discussed the factors affecting the capacity of biochar to adsorb organic pollutants following different mechanisms. Being an effective adsorbent due its high specific surface area, large porosity, and numerous surface functional groups biochar has been explored extensively in field of environment to remediate contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Aziz
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Benga, India
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Wang Q, Gu X, Tang S, Mohammad A, Singh DN, Xie H, Chen Y, Zuo X, Sun Z. Gas transport in landfill cover system: A critical appraisal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:116020. [PMID: 36104890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill gas (LFG) emission is gaining more attention from the scientific fraternity and policymakers recently due to its threat to the atmosphere and human health of the populace living in surrounding premises. Though landfill cover (LFC) (viz., daily, intermittent and final cover) is widely used by landfill operators to mitigate or reduce these emissions, their overall performance is still under question. A critical analysis of available literature, primarily pertaining to (i) the composition of the landfill gases and their migration in the LFC system, (ii) experimental and mathematical investigations of the transport mechanism of gas and (iii) the impact of additives to cover soils on transport and fate of gas, has been conducted and presented in this manuscript. Investigation of the efficiency of modified soil was mainly focused on laboratory test. More field tests and application of amended cover soils should be conducted and promoted further. Studies on nitrous oxide and emerging pollutants, including poly-fluoroalkyl substances transport in landfill cover system are limited and need further research. The transport mechanisms of these unconventional contaminants should be considered regarding the selection of LFC materials including geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liners. The existing analytical and numerical models can provide a basic understanding of LFG transport mechanisms and are able to predict the migration behaviour of LFG; however, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the interaction between different species of the gas molecule when modeling multi-component gas transport. Gas transport through fractured cover should also be considered when evaluating LFG emission in the future. Simplified design method for landfill cover system regarding LFG emission based on analytical models should be proposed. Overall, mathematical models combined with experiments can facilitate more visualized and intensive insights, which would be instrumental in devising climate adaptive landfill covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiting Gu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suqin Tang
- Hangzhou Environmental Group, 138-1 Linban Road, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Arif Mohammad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Devendra Narain Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Haijian Xie
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Zuo
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhilin Sun
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, China; College of Hydraulic Engineering and Architecture, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
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Sustainable Approach and Safe Use of Biochar and Its Possible Consequences. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biochar is considered as a potential substitute for soil organic matter (SOM). Considering the importance of biochar, the present review is based on the different benefits and potential risks of the application of biochar to the soil. Biochar addition to low organic carbon soils can act as a feasible solution to keep soil biologically active for the cycling of different nutrients. The application of biochar could improve soil fertility, increase crop yield, enhance plant growth and microbial abundance, and immobilize different contaminants in the soil. It could also be helpful in carbon sequestration and the return of carbon stock back to the soil in partially combusted form. Due to the large surface area of biochar, which generally depends upon the types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, it helps to reduce the leaching of fertilizers from the soil and supplies additional nutrients to growing crops. However, biochar may have some adverse effects due to emissions during the pyrolysis process, but it exerts a positive priming effect (a phenomenon in which subjection to one stimulus positively influences subsequent stimulus) on SOM decomposition, depletion of nutrients (macro- and micro-) via strong adsorption, and impact on soil physicochemical properties. In view of the above importance and limitations, all possible issues related to biochar application should be considered. The review presents extensive detailed information on the sustainable approach for the environmental use of biochar and its limitations.
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11
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Hoang SA, Sarkar B, Seshadri B, Lamb D, Wijesekara H, Vithanage M, Liyanage C, Kolivabandara PA, Rinklebe J, Lam SS, Vinu A, Wang H, Kirkham MB, Bolan NS. Mitigation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated hazardous soils using organic amendments: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125702. [PMID: 33866291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The term "Total petroleum hydrocarbons" (TPH) is used to describe a complex mixture of petroleum-based hydrocarbons primarily derived from crude oil. Those compounds are considered as persistent organic pollutants in the terrestrial environment. A wide array of organic amendments is increasingly used for the remediation of TPH-contaminated soils. Organic amendments not only supply a source of carbon and nutrients but also add exogenous beneficial microorganisms to enhance the TPH degradation rate, thereby improving the soil health. Two fundamental approaches can be contemplated within the context of remediation of TPH-contaminated soils using organic amendments: (i) enhanced TPH sorption to the exogenous organic matter (immobilization) as it reduces the bioavailability of the contaminants, and (ii) increasing the solubility of the contaminants by supplying desorbing agents (mobilization) for enhancing the subsequent biodegradation. Net immobilization and mobilization of TPH have both been observed following the application of organic amendments to contaminated soils. This review examines the mechanisms for the enhanced remediation of TPH-contaminated soils by organic amendments and discusses the influencing factors in relation to sequestration, bioavailability, and subsequent biodegradation of TPH in soils. The uncertainty of mechanisms for various organic amendments in TPH remediation processes remains a critical area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son A Hoang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mien Trung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen 56000, Vietnam
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, P.O. Box 02, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Chathuri Liyanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Pabasari A Kolivabandara
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Watzinger A, Hager M, Reichenauer T, Soja G, Kinner P. Unravelling the process of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in different filter materials of constructed wetlands by stable isotope fractionation and labelling studies. Biodegradation 2021; 32:343-359. [PMID: 33860902 PMCID: PMC8134294 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining and supporting complete biodegradation during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in constructed wetlands is vital for the final destruction and removal of contaminants. We aimed to compare and gain insight into biodegradation and explore possible limitations in different filter materials (sand, sand amended with biochar, expanded clay). These filters were collected from constructed wetlands after two years of operation and batch experiments were conducted using two stable isotope techniques; (i) carbon isotope labelling of hexadecane and (ii) hydrogen isotope fractionation of decane. Both hydrocarbon compounds hexadecane and decane were biodegraded. The mineralization rate of hexadecane was higher in the sandy filter material (3.6 µg CO2 g-1 day-1) than in the expanded clay (1.0 µg CO2 g-1 day-1). The microbial community of the constructed wetland microcosms was dominated by Gram negative bacteria and fungi and was specific for the different filter materials while hexadecane was primarily anabolized by bacteria. Adsorption / desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in expanded clay was observed, which might not hinder but delay biodegradation. Very few cases of hydrogen isotope fractionation were recorded in expanded clay and sand & biochar filters during decane biodegradation. In sand filters, decane was biodegraded more slowly and hydrogen isotope fractionation was visible. Still, the range of observed apparent kinetic hydrogen isotope effects (AKIEH = 1.072-1.500) and apparent decane biodegradation rates (k = - 0.017 to - 0.067 day-1) of the sand filter were low. To conclude, low biodegradation rates, small hydrogen isotope fractionation, zero order mineralization kinetics and lack of microbial biomass growth indicated that mass transfer controlled biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Watzinger
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, Energy Department, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Melanie Hager
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, Energy Department, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Reichenauer
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, Energy Department, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Bioresources, Center of Health & Bioresources, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, Energy Department, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Institute for Chemical and Energy Engineering, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kinner
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, Energy Department, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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13
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Rajabi H, Mosleh MH, Mandal P, Lea-Langton A, Sedighi M. Sorption behaviour of xylene isomers on biochar from a range of feedstock. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129310. [PMID: 33359840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inland oil spillage is one of the widespread sources of crude oil volatile organic compound emissions (CVEs) for which the long-term remedial solutions are often complex and expensive. This paper investigates the potential of a low-cost containment solution for contaminated solids by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using biochar. The results of an extensive experimental investigation are presented on the sorption kinetics of xylene isomers (one type of the most frequently detected CVEs) on commercial biochar produced by prevalent feedstocks (wheat, corn, rice and rape straw as well as hardwood) at affordable temperatures (300-500°C). Chemical and physical properties of biochar were analysed in terms of elemental composition, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, ATR-FTIR spectra and Raman spectrometry. We show that for high-temperature biochar with similar surface chemistry, the sorption efficiency is mainly controlled by porous structure and pore size distribution. Biochar samples with higher specific surface area and higher volume of mesopores showed the highest sorption capacity (45.37-50.88 mg/g) since the sorbate molecules have more access to active sites under a greater intra-particle diffusion and elevated pore-filling. P-xylene showed a slightly higher sorption affinity to biochar compared to other isomers, especially in mesoporous biochar, which can be related to its lower kinetic diameter and simpler molecular shape. The sorption capacity of biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures was found to be more sensitive to changes in ambient temperature due to dominant physical adsorption. Elovich kinetic model was found to be the best model to describe xylenes' sorption on biochar which indirectly indicates π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding as the main mechanism of xylene sorption on these types of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mojgan Hadi Mosleh
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Parthasarathi Mandal
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Amanda Lea-Langton
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Majid Sedighi
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Assil Z, Esegbue O, Mašek O, Gutierrez T, Free A. Specific enrichment of hydrocarbonclastic bacteria from diesel-amended soil on biochar particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143084. [PMID: 33131874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been proposed as a suitable biostimulant for the remediation of hydrocarbon contamination, and also has the potential to act as a carrier for hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms which could bioaugment endogenous microbial communities. However, the evidence regarding the biostimulatory effects of biochars on hydrocarbon bioremediation is somewhat equivocal, possibly due to variability of the physicochemical properties of biochar and soil across studies. Here, we use standard biochars with defined properties produced from softwood pellets (SWP) and rice husk (RH) at pyrolysis temperatures of 550 °C or 700 °C to test the effects of biochar amendment on microbial community composition and hydrocarbon degradation in soil microcosms contaminated with diesel oil. Combining this approach for the first time with specific analysis of microbial community composition using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), we find that oil contamination causes extreme short-term loss of soil microbial diversity, and highly-specific selection of a limited set of genera defined by 13 ASVs. Biochar ameliorates the short-term loss of diversity, and in the longer term (9 weeks), changes community composition in a type-specific manner. The majority of the 13 selected ASVs are further enriched on biochar particles, although SWP biochars perform better than RH biochar in enrichment of putative hydrocarbonoclastic Aquabacterium spp. However, complete degradation of normal (n) alkanes from the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction is prevented in the presence of biochar amendment, possibly due to their adsorption onto the char surface. Furthermore, we show that putative hydrocarbon degraders released from diesel-amended soil can subsequently be enriched to high levels on SWP biochar particles in growth medium supplemented with diesel oil as the sole carbon source; these include selected ASVs representing the genera Rhodococcus, Aquabacterium, and Cavicella. This work suggests that use of biochar pre-enriched with endogenous, conditionally-rare hydrocarbon degrading bacteria is a promising strategy for bioaugmentation of diesel-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansaya Assil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | | | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrew Free
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
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15
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Tran HT, Lin C, Bui XT, Ngo HH, Cheruiyot NK, Hoang HG, Vu CT. Aerobic composting remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Current and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142250. [PMID: 33207468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review on aerobic composting remediation of soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). The studies reviewed have demonstrated that composting technology can be applied to treat TPH contamination (as high as 380,000 mg kg-1) in clay, silt, and sandy soils successfully. Most of these studies reported more than 70% removal efficiency, with a maximum of 99%. During the composting process, the bacteria use TPHs as carbon and energy sources, whereas the fungi produce enzymes that can catalyze oxidation reactions of TPHs. The mutualistic and competitive interactions between the bacteria and fungi are believed to sustain a robust biodegradation system. The highest biodegradation rate is observed during the thermophilic phase. However, the presence of a diverse and dynamic microbial community ensures that TPH degradation occurs in the entire composting process. Initial concentration, soil type, soil/compost ratio, aeration rate, moisture content, C/N ratio, pH, and temperature affect the composting process and should be monitored and controlled to ensure successful degradation. Nevertheless, there is insufficient research on optimizing these operational parameters, especially for large-scale composting. Also, toxic and odorous gas emissions during degradation of TPHs, usually unaddressed, can be potential air pollution sources and need further insightful characterization and mitigation/control research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Huu-Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kiprotich Cheruiyot
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Thanh Vu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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16
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Gaurav GK, Mehmood T, Kumar M, Cheng L, Sathishkumar K, Kumar A, Yadav D. Review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) migration from wastewater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 236:103715. [PMID: 33199037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly increasing global population and increased civilization has increased burden on potable water resources and results in larger volumes of wastewater. Physical wastewater management techniques has advanced for domestic usage and commercial effluent new conceptions about imminent wastewater treatment have been acclaimed for highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. The present review study emphasis on the assessment of several accessible PAHs treatment methods used in wastewater management. The elementary principles, contextual remediation mechanisms and recent development in PAHs removal practices have also been precisely explained. The comprehensive information regarding sources, dispersal, classification, physicochemical properties, PAHs toxicity for humans and aquatics life, conventional treatment procedures, and advanced oxidation processes specified can assist us to identify the PAHs problem and their intensity. The performance evaluation of different removal techniques are discussed in details and found that highest PAHs' reduction for 5-or 6-ring (99%,) while 3-ring (79% reduction) with oxidant dose of 1.64 mL/L using titanium catalyst. In case of MWTPs, with secondary techniques, the average removal efficiency found in the range of 81.1-92.9% while for AOPs are 32-99.3%. Here, overall yield through AOPs most suitable if process used with some catalyst enhanced the yield as well and suitable for high ring as well as low ring PAHs. Among various processes, advanced oxidation and catalytic oxidation processes are the most valuable and promising techniques for PAHs removal. Based on the given evidences, the AOPs coupled with catalysts have been decided as the most competent design for wastewater PAHs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Liu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of shallow lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Deepak Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University (Formerly HBTI), Kanpur, India.
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17
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Mukome FND, Buelow MC, Shang J, Peng J, Rodriguez M, Mackay DM, Pignatello JJ, Sihota N, Hoelen TP, Parikh SJ. Biochar amendment as a remediation strategy for surface soils impacted by crude oil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115006. [PMID: 32593903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of organic bulking agents on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil impacted soils was evaluated in batch laboratory experiments. Crude oil impacted soils from three separate locations were amended with fertilizer and bulking agents consisting of biochars derived from walnut shells or ponderosa pine wood chips produced at 900 °C. The batch reactors were incubated at 25 °C and sampled at pre-determined intervals to measure changes in total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) over time. For the duration of the incubation, the soil moisture content was adjusted to 75% of the maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) and prior to each sampling event, the sample was manually stirred. Results show that the addition of fertilizer and bulking agents increased biodegradation rates of TPH. Soil samples amended with ponderosa pine wood biochar achieved the highest biodegradation rate, whereas the walnut shell biochar was inhibitory to TPH biodegradation. The beneficial impact of biochars on TPH biodegredation was more pronounced for a soil impacted with lighter hydrocarbons compared to a soil impacted with heavier hydrocarbons. This study demonstrates that some biochars, in combination with fertilizer, have the potential to be a low-technology and eco-friendly remediation strategy for crude oil impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fungai N D Mukome
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; School of Natural and Applied Sciences, William Jessup University, Rocklin, CA, 95765, USA
| | - Maya C Buelow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Junteng Shang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael Rodriguez
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Douglas M Mackay
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joseph J Pignatello
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Natasha Sihota
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Thomas P Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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18
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Mangse G, Werner D, Meynet P, Ogbaga CC. Microbial community responses to different volatile petroleum hydrocarbon class mixtures in an aerobic sandy soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114738. [PMID: 32417579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbon (VPH) class effects on soil microbial composition were investigated using two next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques - 454 pyrosequencing and ion torrent sequencing. Microbial activity was stimulated by adding different VPH compound classes to the sandy soil in comparison with live controls without VPH addition. Microbial community structure was significantly affected by the various VPH classes. At the genus level, Rhodococcus, Desulfosporosinus, Polaromonas, Mesorhizobium and Methylibium had the highest relative abundances in the straight-chain alkane (str-alk) treated soil as compared to the control (p < 0.05, 2 sample t-tests) while Pseudomonas was more dominant in the cyclic alkane (cyc-alk) contaminated soil. Pseudonocardia was significantly higher in relative abundance in the aromatic hydrocarbon (aro-H) treated batches as compared to the control (p < 0.05, 2 sample t-tests). A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the Bray Curtis similarity between microbial communities in the batches revealed at least 60% similarity for each treatment and also showed that VPH class was a statistically significant factor in shaping the bacterial communities in the soil treatments (Global R = 0.861, p < 0.01). The NGS platforms (454 GS Junior and Ion torrent) compared in this study did not appear to affect the outcomes of the microbial community structure and composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mangse
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK; Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - David Werner
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Paola Meynet
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Chukwuma C Ogbaga
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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19
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Khalid S, Shahid M, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Asif Naeem M, Niazi NK. A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134645. [PMID: 31822404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used in the modern agricultural system. The inefficient and extensive use of pesticides during the last 5 to 6 decades inadvertently led to serious deterioration of environmental quality with health risk to living organisms, including humans. It is important to use some environmentally-friendly and sustainable approaches to remediate, restore and maintain soil quality. Biochar has gained considerable attention globally as a promising soil amendment because it has the ability to adsorb and as such minimize the bioavailability of pesticides in soils. This review emphasizes the recent trends and implications of biochar in pesticide-contaminated soils, as well as highlights need of the pesticides use and associated environmental issues in context of the biochar application. The overarching aim of this review is to signify the role of biochar on primary processes such as effect of biochar on the persistence, mineralization, leaching and efficacy of pesticides in soil. Notably, the effects of biochar on pesticide adsorption-desorption, degradation and bioavailability under various operating/production conditions are critically discussed. This review delineates the indirect impact of biochar on pesticides persistence in soils and proposes key recommendations for future research which are essential for the remediation and restoration of pesticides-impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
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20
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Ni N, Kong D, Wu W, He J, Shan Z, Li J, Dou Y, Zhang Y, Song Y, Jiang X. The Role of Biochar in Reducing the Bioavailability and Migration of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil-Plant Systems: A Review. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:157-165. [PMID: 31898750 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The amendment of biochar in soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an environmentally friendly in situ remediation measure. Numerous studies focused on the application of biochars to reduce the uptake of POPs by plants in soils. In this review, we summarized the role of biochar in reducing the migration of POPs in soil-plant systems. The mechanisms of biochar reducing the bioavailability of POPs in the soil, i.e. immobilization and promoted biodegradation, and the influencing factors are fully discussed. Especially in rhizosphere amended with biochar, the synergistic effect of POPs-root exudates-microorganisms on the reduced bioavailability of POPs is analyzed. This paper suggests that future researches should focus on the long-term environmental fate of POPs sorbed on high-temperature biochars and the long-term impacts of low-temperature biochars on the interaction of POPs-root exudates-rhizosphere microorganisms. All the above are necessary for efficient and safe use of biochar for remediating POP-contaminated farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ni
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhu Wu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian He
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Shan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Juying Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yezhi Dou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
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21
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Hemati Matin N, Jalali M, Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Wang J, Zhang T, Wang H, Rinklebe J. Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:124888. [PMID: 31606574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective soil phosphorus (P) management requires higher level of knowledge concerning its sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release, as well as its interactions with soil amendments including biochar (BC). The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of two different BCs, derived from almond and walnut shell, on P sorption-desorption and its redistribution among the geochemical fractions in two different soils. The BCs were applied to the soils in four doses (0, 2.5, 5, and 10% w/w) and the mixtures were incubated for one month. Phosphorus sorption increased due to the addition of BCs. Phosphorus sorption data fitted well the Freundlich isotherm and were simulated by the PHREEQC software. Biochar addition increased total P and the added P was mainly distributed in the exchangeable, Fe/Al-P and the residual fractions. Also, BC addition resulted in an increase in the water-soluble-, mobile-, and Olsen-P, making P more available for plant uptake. The kinetics data were well described by the simple Elovich, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion equations. Walnut BC-added soils had higher P sorption capacity than those added with the almond BC. The results suggest that BC binds soil P and releases it gradually back into solution, making it thus available to plants; this renders the studied BCs promising materials for protecting P from being lost out of soil. Future research must be conducted over longer-term experiments that would study P dynamics in BC-added soils under real field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hemati Matin
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Volos, Greece.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jianxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550082, Guiyang, PR China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, Biomass Engineering Center, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Institute for Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Factors affecting the transport of petroleum colloids in saturated porous media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kang S, Kim G, Choe JK, Choi Y. Effect of using powdered biochar and surfactant on desorption and biodegradability of phenanthrene sorbed to biochar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:253-260. [PMID: 30852277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the desorption and biodegradability of phenanthrene sorbed to biochars by employing two approaches that may change the desorption and biodegradability: the use of powdered biochars and nonionic surfactants. Biochars derived from two feedstocks (rice husk and sewage sludge; pyrolyzed at 500 °C but showing different aromaticity) were used. When the biochars were powdered to obtain particles <250 μm the mass fractions of the desorbed phenanthrene at ∼80 days (fdes) increased from 0.303 to 0.431 for sewage sludge biochars. On the other hand, fdes for rice husk biochars remained virtually unchanged (from 0.264 to 0.255). The mass fractions of the biodegraded phenanthrene (fbio) increased from 0.191 to 0.306 for rice husk biochars and from 0.077 to 0.168 for sewage sludge biochars. When a nonionic surfactant was added at the sub-critical micelle concentration (CMC), fbio increased by 4.7 times and 8.3 times for rice husk and sewage sludge biochars. For both types of biochars, fbio was larger than fdes when the surfactant was added. This study suggests that the addition of nonionic surfactants can be considered if the inhibition of microbial activity is of concern in soils and sediments treated by biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seju Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunyoung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Choe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Karppinen EM, Mamet SD, Stewart KJ, Siciliano SD. The Charosphere Promotes Mineralization of 13C-Phenanthrene by Psychrotrophic Microorganisms in Greenland Soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:559-567. [PMID: 31180417 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.10.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When soil is frozen, biochar promotes petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) degradation, yet we still do not understand why. To investigate microbial biodegradation activity under frozen conditions, we placed 60-μm mesh bags containing 6% (v/v) biochar created from fishmeal, bonemeal, bone chip, or wood into PHC-contaminated soil, which was then frozen to -5°C. This created three soil niches: biochar particles, the charosphere (biochar-contiguous soil), and bulk soil outside of the bags. After 90 d, C-phenanthrene mineralization reached 55% in bonemeal biochar and 84% in bone chip biochar charosphere soil, compared with only 43% in bulk soil and 13% in bone chip biochar particles. Soil pH remained near neutral in bone chip and bonemeal biochar treatments, unlike wood biochar, which increased alkalinity and likely made phosphate unavailable for microorganisms. Generally, charosphere soil had higher aromatic degradative gene abundances than bulk soil, but gene abundance was not directly linked to C-phenanthrene mineralization. In bone chip biochar-amended soils, phosphate successfully predicted microbial community composition, and abundances of and increased in charosphere soil. Biochar effects on charosphere soil were dependent on feedstock material and suggest that optimizing the charosphere in bone-derived biochars may increase remediation success in northern regions.
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Li C, Bair DA, Parikh SJ. Estimating potential dust emissions from biochar amended soils under simulated tillage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1093-1101. [PMID: 29996406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although biochars may provide agricultural benefits, the potential risks related to agricultural dust emissions have not been adequately investigated. This study examines the impact of biochar type (WS 900: walnut shell, 900°C; PW 500, PW 700 and PW 900: pine wood, 500, 700, 900°C), biochar application rate (0, 1, 2, 5% wt.) and soil water content (low, medium and high) on dust emissions in two different textured-soils (silt loam, sandy loam). Dust was produced via a dust generator simulating soil disturbance (e.g, tillage) and dust fractions with an aerodynamic diameter under 100μm and 10μm (PM100 and PM10) were collected. The data indicate that the higher application rate of WS 900 led to higher PM100 and PM10 emissions while PW biochar treatments emitted equivalent amounts of dust as controls (non-amended soils). Dust emissions were exponentially reduced as soil water content increased, irrespective of biochar's presence. Specific markers for biochar, benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs), were used to estimate the biochar content within dust. Results indicate that the increased dust emissions from WS 900 treatments mainly derive from soil particles due to the greater dispersion potential of WS 900 biochar. The collected data also reveal that PM10 dust contains less biochar particles than PM100, attributed to biochars originally containing negligible amounts of particles <10μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel A Bair
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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26
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Kong L, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Zhao X, Sun Z. Biochar accelerates PAHs biodegradation in petroleum-polluted soil by biostimulation strategy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 343:276-284. [PMID: 28988053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sawdust and wheat straw biochars prepared at 300°C and 500°C were applied to petroleum-polluted soil for an 84-day incubation to estimate their effectiveness on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal. Biochars alone were most effective at reducing PAHs contents. However, adding biochar to soils in company with NaN3 solution resulted in a decreasing trend in terms of PAHs removal, which was even lower than treatment CK without biochar. Moreover, it was discovered by PCR-DGGE files and sequencing analysis that the predominant bacterial diversity slightly decreased but the abundance of some specific taxa, including PAHs degraders, was promoted with biochar input. These results highlighted the potential of biochar application on accelerating PAHs biodegradation, which could be attributed to the properties of biochars that benefit for making the amended soil a better habitat for microbes. The impacts of biochar preparation and pollutants nature on PAHs removal were also determined. Significant reduction in the PAHs contents was detected when adding biochar prepared at a high temperature (500°C), while the feedstocks of biochar showed little effect on PAHs removal. Due to the high hydrophobicity of aromatic rings, high-molecular weight PAHs were found much more resistant to microbial degradation in comparison with low-molecular weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Kong
- Resource and Environment Department, Shijiazhuang University, Hebei, 050000, China; Post-Doctoral Research Station of Ecology, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Resource and Environment Department, Shijiazhuang University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhongwei Sun
- Resource and Environment Department, Shijiazhuang University, Hebei, 050000, China
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27
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Saum L, Jiménez MB, Crowley D. Influence of biochar and compost on phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:54-60. [PMID: 28598217 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1337063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of pyrolyzed carbon, biochar, as a soil amendment is of potential interest for improving phytoremediation of soil that has been contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. To examine this question, the research reported here compared the effects of biochar, plants (mesquite tree seedlings), compost and combinations of these treatments on the rate of biodegradation of oil in a contaminated soil and the population size of oil-degrading bacteria. The presence of mesquite plants significantly enhanced oil degradation in all treatments except when biochar was used as the sole amendment without compost. The greatest extent of oil degradation was achieved in soil planted with mesquite and amended with compost (44% of the light hydrocarbon fraction). Most probable number assays showed that biochar generally reduced the population size of the oil-degrading community. The results of this study suggest that biochar addition to petroleum-contaminated soils does not improve the rate of bioremediation. In contrast, the use of plants and compost additions to soil are confirmed as important bioremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Saum
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California Riverside , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Macario Bacilio Jiménez
- b Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste [CIBNOR], Instituto Politécnico Nacional , La Paz , Mexico
| | - David Crowley
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California Riverside , Riverside , CA , USA
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28
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Bushnaf KM, Mangse G, Meynet P, Davenport RJ, Cirpka OA, Werner D. Mechanisms of distinct activated carbon and biochar amendment effects on petroleum vapour biofiltration in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1260-1269. [PMID: 28920987 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of two percent by weight activated carbon versus biochar amendments in 93 cm long sand columns on the biofiltration of petroleum vapours released by a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source. Activated carbon greatly enhanced, whereas biochar slightly reduced, the biofiltration of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPHs) over 430 days. Sorbent amendment benefitted the VPH biofiltration by retarding breakthrough during the biodegradation lag phase. Subsequently, sorbent amendment briefly reduced the mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbons by limiting their bioavailability. During the last and longest study period, when conditions became less supportive of microbial growth, because of inorganic nutrient scarcity, the sorbents again improved the pollution attenuation by preventing the degrading microorganisms from being overloaded with VPHs. A 16S rRNA gene based analysis showed sorbent amendment effects on soil microbial communities. Nocardioidaceae benefitted the most from petroleum hydrocarbons in activated carbon amended soil, whereas Pseudomonadacea predominated in unamended soil. Whilst the degrading microorganisms were overloaded with VPHs in the unamended soil, the reduced mobility and bioavailability of VPHs in the activated carbon amended soil led to the emergence of communities with higher specific substrate affinity, which removed bioavailable VPHs effectively at low concentrations. A numerical pollutant fate model reproduced these experimental observations by considering sorption effects on the pollutant migration and bioavailability for growth of VPH degrading biomass, which is limited by a maximum soil biomass carrying capacity. Activated carbon was a much stronger sorbent for VPHs than biochar, which explained the diverging effects of the two sorbents in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Bushnaf
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, El-mergab University, Khoms, Libya
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29
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Cheng G, Sun M, Lu J, Ge X, Zhang H, Xu X, Lou L, Lin Q. Role of biochar in biodegradation of nonylphenol in sediment: Increasing microbial activity versus decreasing bioavailability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4726. [PMID: 28680053 PMCID: PMC5498626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The observed strong sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to biochar presents potential implications for HOCs bioavailability and bioaccessibility in sediments, while biochar could impact sediment microbial ecology. However, the comprehensive study on the effects of biochar on HOC biodegradation coupled with bioavailability and microbial ecology are rarely documented. In this paper, the effects of biochar on the biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) were investigated using 3 different NP concentrations (20, 50 and 500 mg/Kg) in sediments amended with different percentage of rice straw biochar (RC). Results showed that the influence of RC on NP biodegradation varied with different NP concentrations. At low NP concentrations, RC suppressed NP biodegradation by reducing NP bioavailability, while at high NP concentrations, moderate RC addition promoted biodegradation by reducing toxicity of NP to microbes. The effects of NP on microbial community structures were significant (P < 0.01), but those of RC were not significant (P > 0.05). The RC affected microorganisms through altering NP toxicity, microbial quantity and activity, but not microbial community structures. This study indicated that there could be an optimal biochar percentage in biochar-sediment systems at different HOC concentrations, which strengthened HOC biodegradation process and accelerated biodegradation rate, forming adsorption-biodegradation coupled bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghuan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang Y, Li F, Rong X, Song H, Chen J. Remediation of Petroleum-contaminated Soil Using Bulrush Straw Powder, Biochar and Nutrients. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:690-697. [PMID: 28324138 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the remediation efficiency of petroleum-contaminated soil from an oilfield using different types of remediation treatments under laboratory conditions. Compared with unamended soil as the control treatment (T1), soil samples were amended with bulrush straw powder (T2), with biochar alone (T3) and in combination with nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) (T4). The remediation experiment was carried out for 8 weeks. The extent of hydrocarbon degradation was monitored gravimetrically, and the residual oil fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography. The characteristics of the polluted soil (water-holding capacity and nutrients) were improved significantly by biochar addition (p < 0.05). The total microbial count increased significantly in the treatment containing biochar and added nutrients (t = 23.429, p = 0.002). The degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and the main hydrocarbon fractions was higher in T3 and T4, especially in T4, than in T1 and T2. The intensities of the n-alkane fraction, C27-C29 steranes and C33-C35 homohopanes were efficiently decreased in T4 compared to the other treatments. According to the results, petroleum-contaminated soil can be remediated efficiently by adding biochar and nutrients simultaneously, and this combination of remediation was superior to that observed with added bulrush straw powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Fayun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China.
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haixing Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiabo Chen
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China
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Zhang H, Tang J, Wang L, Liu J, Gurav RG, Sun K. A novel bioremediation strategy for petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants using salt tolerant Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 and biochar. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 47:7-13. [PMID: 27593267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to develop a novel strategy to bioremediate the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment. Salt tolerant bacterium was isolated from Dagang oilfield, China and identified as Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterium had a high salt tolerant capability and biochar was developed as carrier for the bacterium. The bacteria with biochar were most effective in degradation of n-alkanes (C16, C18, C19, C26, C28) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NAP, PYR) mixture. The result demonstrated that immobilization of C. variabile HRJ4 with biochar showed higher degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (THPs) up to 78.9% after 7-day of incubation as compared to the free leaving bacteria. The approach of this study will be helpful in clean-up of petroleum-contamination in the environments through bioremediation process using eco-friendly and cost effective materials like biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jingchun Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin 300071, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ranjit Gajanan Gurav
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kejing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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32
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Khan AM, Wick LY, Harms H, Thullner M. Biodegradation of vapor-phase toluene in unsaturated porous media: Column experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 211:325-331. [PMID: 26774779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic chemicals in the vapor phase of soils and vertical flow filters has gained attention as promising approach to clean up volatile organic compounds (VOC). The drivers of VOC biodegradation in unsaturated systems however still remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the processes controlling aerobic VOC biodegradation in a laboratory setup mimicking the unsaturated zone above a shallow aquifer. The setup allowed for diffusive vapor-phase transport and biodegradation of three VOC: non-deuterated and deuterated toluene as two compounds of highly differing biodegradability but (nearly) identical physical and chemical properties, and MTBE as (at the applied experimental conditions) non-biodegradable tracer and internal control. Our results showed for toluene an effective microbial degradation within centimeter VOC transport distances despite high gas-phase diffusivity. Degradation rates were controlled by the reactivity of the compounds while oxic conditions were found everywhere in the system. This confirms hypotheses that vadose zone biodegradation rates can be extremely high and are able to prevent the outgassing of VOC to the atmosphere within a centimeter range if compound properties and site conditions allow for sufficiently high degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Khan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Thullner
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
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33
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Anyika C, Abdul Majid Z, Ibrahim Z, Zakaria MP, Yahya A. The impact of biochars on sorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils--a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3314-3341. [PMID: 25345923 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amending polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils with biochar may be cheaper and environmentally friendly than other forms of organic materials. This has led to numerous studies on the use of biochar to either bind or stimulate the microbial degradation of organic compounds in soils. However, very little or no attention have been paid to the fact that biochars can give simultaneous impact on PAH fate processes, such as volatilization, sorption and biodegradation. In this review, we raised and considered the following questions: How does biochar affect microbes and microbial activities in the soil? What are the effects of adding biochar on sorption of PAHs? What are the effects of adding biochar on degradation of PAHs? What are the factors that we can manipulate in the laboratory to enhance the capability of biochars to degrade PAHs? A triphasic concept of how biochar can give simultaneous impact on PAH fate processes in soils was proposed, which involves rapid PAH sorption into biochar, subsequent desorption and modification of soil physicochemical properties by biochar, which in turn stimulates microbial degradation of the desorbed PAHs. It is anticipated that biochar can give simultaneous impact on PAH fate processes in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedum Anyika
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor, Malaysia
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Song Y, Wang F, Kengara FO, Bian Y, Yang X, Gu C, Ye M, Jiang X. Does powder and granular activated carbon perform equally in immobilizing chlorobenzenes in soil? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:74-80. [PMID: 25406989 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare the efficacies of powder activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) as amendments for the immobilization of volatile compounds in soil. Soil artificially-spiked with chlorobenzenes (CBs) was amended with either PAC or GAC to obtain an application rate of 1%. The results showed that the dissipation and volatilization of CBs from the amended soil significantly decreased compared to the unamended soil. The bioavailabilities of CBs, which is expressed as butanol extraction and earthworm accumulation, were significantly reduced in PAC and GAC amended soils. The lower chlorinated and hence more volatile CBs experienced higher reductions in both dissipation and bioavailability in the amended soils. The GAC and PAC equally immobilized more volatile CBs in soil. Therefore, it could be concluded that along with environmental implication, applying GAC was the more promising approach for the effective immobilization of volatile compounds in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Zhang M, Shu L, Shen X, Guo X, Tao S, Xing B, Wang X. Characterization of nitrogen-rich biomaterial-derived biochars and their sorption for aromatic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:84-90. [PMID: 25194275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochars from nitrogen-rich biomaterials (i.e., α-amylase, chitin and zein) were produced at different temperatures (i.e. 170, 250, 350 and 450 °C) and characterized, and their sorption for phenanthrene, naphthalene and 1-naphthol was investigated. The organic carbon content normalized-sorption coefficient (Koc) of the tested compounds by biochars increased with increasing charring temperature, attributed to the reduction of O-containing polar moieties especially the O-alkyl components, and the newly created aromatic carbon domains. The N-heterocyclic ring structure formed during charring process may enhance π-π interactions between aromatics and the aromatic components in the resulting biochars. However, π-π interactions did not dominate sorption of aromatics by N-rich biochars. Sorption of the tested compounds by N-rich biochars was predominantly controlled by the hydrophobic interactions between these chemicals and the aromatic components in biochars. Both N- and O-containing polar moieties at the biochar surfaces negatively affected their sorption for aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang Shu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Lu L, Yazdi H, Jin S, Zuo Y, Fallgren PH, Ren ZJ. Enhanced bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using pilot-scale bioelectrochemical systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 274:8-15. [PMID: 24762696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two column-type bioelectrochemical system (BES) modules were installed into a 50-L pilot scale reactor packed with diesel-contaminated soils to investigate the enhancement of passive biodegradation of petroleum compounds. By using low cost electrodes such as biochar and graphite granule as non-exhaustible solid-state electron acceptors, the results show that 82.1-89.7% of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was degraded after 120 days across 1-34 cm radius of influence (ROI) from the modules. This represents a maximum of 241% increase of biodegradation compared to a baseline control reactor. The current production in the BESs correlated with the TPH removal, reaching the maximum output of 70.4 ± 0.2 mA/m(2). The maximum ROI of the BES, deducting influence from the baseline natural attenuation, was estimated to be more than 90 cm beyond the edge of the reactor (34 cm), and exceed 300 cm should a non-degradation baseline be used. The ratio of the projected ROI to the radius of BES (ROB) module was 11-12. The results suggest that this BES can serve as an innovative and sustainable technology for enhanced in situ bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in large field scale, with additional benefits of electricity production and being integrated into existing field infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hadi Yazdi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Yi Zuo
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | - Paul H Fallgren
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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Kong LL, Liu WT, Zhou QX. Biochar: an effective amendment for remediating contaminated soil. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 228:83-99. [PMID: 24162093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01619-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from incomplete combustion of biomass.Applying biochar as an amendment to treat contaminated soils is receiving increasing attention, and is a promising way to improve soil quality. Heavy metals are persistent and are not environmentally biodegradable. However, they can be stabilized in soil by adding biochar. Moreover, biochar is considered to be a predominant sorptive agent for organic pollutants, having a removal efficiency of about 1 order of magnitude higher than does soil/sediment organic matter or their precursor substances alone.When trying to stabilize organic and inorganic pollutants in soil, several features of biochar' s sorption capacity should be considered, viz., the nature of the pollutants to be remediated, how the biochar is prepared, and the complexity of the soil systemin which biochar may be used. In addition, a significant portion of the biochar or some of its components that are used to remediate soils do change over time through abiotic oxidation and microbial decomposition. This change process is commonly referred to as "aging:" Biochar "aging" in nature is inevitable, and aged biochar exhibits an effect that is totally different than non-aged biochar on stabilizing heavy metals and organic contaminants in soils.Studies that have been performed to date on the use of biochar to remediate contaminated soil are insufficient to allow its use for wide-scale field application.Therefore, considerable new data are necessary to expand both our understanding of how biochar performs in the field, and where it can be best used in the future for soil remediation. For example, how biochar and soil biota (microbial and faunal communities)interact in soils is still poorly understood. Moreover, studies are needed on how to best remove new species of heavy metals, and on how biochar aging affects sorption capacity are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Biochar is receiving increasing attention as a promising functional material in contaminated soil remediation. However, aging processes of biochar can usually take place and affect its remediation function, because surface properties of biochar are expected to change through a variety of biotic and abiotic processes. In this review, some important influencing factors of biochar aging processes were discussed, including temperature, and soil-physical, soil-chemical and soil-biological components. It pointed out that biochar aging processes may be promoted by high temperature, protected by soil components, particularly soil organic matter (SOM), and interactions with soil microorganisms. To further prolong application of biochar in nature, biochar aging can be mitigated by its influencing factors.
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Song Y, Wang F, Kengara FO, Yang X, Gu C, Jiang X. Immobilization of chlorobenzenes in soil using wheat straw biochar. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4210-4217. [PMID: 23578388 DOI: 10.1021/jf400412p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has shown great potential for immobilizing organic contaminants in soil. In this study, pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) artificially spiked soil was amended with wheat straw biochar at 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% application rates, respectively. The sorption, dissipation, and bioavailability of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in soil were investigated. The sorption of PeCB by biochar was significantly higher than that of its sorption by both biochar-amended and unamended soil (p < 0.05). The dissipation and volatilization of CBs from biochar-amended soil significantly decreased relative to unamended soil (p < 0.05). Bioavailability of CBs, expressed as butanol extraction efficiency and earthworm (Eisenia fetida) bioaccumulation factor, significantly decreased with increasing aging time and biochar application rate. The effect of biochar content in soil on the bioavailability of CBs was more pronounced for 1,2,4-TCB relative to other CBs. This study suggested that wheat straw biochar, even at low application rates, could effectively immobilize the semivolatile CBs in soil and thus reduce their volatilization and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P R China
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Impact of Biochar on Organic Contaminants in Soil: A Tool for Mitigating Risk? AGRONOMY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang YJ, Wang L, Fang GD, Cang L, Herath HMSK, Zhou DM. Reducing the bioavailability of PCBs in soil to plant by biochars assessed with triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane technique. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 174:250-256. [PMID: 23279904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coupling with triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) technique, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPCD) extraction method, and the greenhouse pot experiments, the influences of biochars on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioavailability in soil to plant (Brassica chinensis L. and Daucus carota) were investigated. Addition of 2% biochars to soils significantly reduced the uptake of PCBs in plant, especially for di-, tri- and tetra-chlorobiphenyls. PCBs concentrations in the roots of B. chinensis and D. carota were reduced for 61.5-93.7%, and 12.7-62.4%, respectively in the presence of biochars. The kinetic study showed that in the soils amended with/without biochars, PCBs concentrations accumulated in TECAM, as well as in the HPCD extraction solution, followed significant linear relationships with those in plant roots. Application of biochars to soil is a potentially promising method to reduce PCBs bioavailability whereas TECAM technique can be a useful tool to predict the bioavailability of PCBs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Meynet P, Hale S, Davenport RJ, Cornelissen G, Breedveld GD, Werner D. Effect of activated carbon amendment on bacterial community structure and functions in a PAH impacted urban soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:5057-66. [PMID: 22455603 PMCID: PMC3342763 DOI: 10.1021/es2043905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We collected urban soil samples impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a sorbent-based remediation field trial to address concerns about unwanted side-effects of 2% powdered (PAC) or granular (GAC) activated carbon amendment on soil microbiology and pollutant biodegradation. After three years, total microbial cell counts and respiration rates were highest in the GAC amended soil. The predominant bacterial community structure derived from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) shifted more strongly with time than in response to AC amendment. DGGE band sequencing revealed the presence of taxa with closest affiliations either to known PAH degraders, e.g. Rhodococcus jostii RHA-1, or taxa known to harbor PAH degraders, e.g. Rhodococcus erythropolis, in all soils. Quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction yielded similar dioxygenases gene copy numbers in unamended, PAC-, or GAC-amended soil. PAH availability assessments in batch tests showed the greatest difference of 75% with and without biocide addition for unamended soil, while the lowest PAH availability overall was measured in PAC-amended, live soil. We conclude that AC had no detrimental effects on soil microbiology, AC-amended soils retained the potential to biodegrade PAHs, but the removal of available pollutants by biodegradation was most notable in unamended soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Meynet
- School of
Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah
E. Hale
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Russell J. Davenport
- School of
Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Applied Environmental
Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Plant
and Environmental
Sciences, University of Life Sciences,
5003 Ås, Norway
| | - Gijs D. Breedveld
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Geosciences, Oslo University, Oslo,
Norway
| | - David Werner
- School of
Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
- Phone 0044 191 222 5099; fax 0044 191 222 6502; e-mail:
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