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Gao Z, Zhang Q, Li J, Wang Y, Dzakpasu M, Wang XC. First flush stormwater pollution in urban catchments: A review of its characterization and quantification towards optimization of control measures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117976. [PMID: 37121004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification, quantification, and control of First-Flush (FF) are considered extremely crucial in urban stormwater management. This paper reviews the methods for FF phenomenon identification, characteristics of pollutants flushes, technologies for FF pollution control, and the relationships among these factors. It further discusses FF quantification methods and optimization of control measures, aiming to reveal directions for future studies on FF management. Results showed that statistical analyses and Runoff Pollutographs Applying Curve (RPAC) fitting modelling of wash-off processes are the most applicable FF identification methods currently available. Furthermore, deep insights into the pollutant mass flushing of roof runoff may be a critical approach to characterizing FF stormwater. Finally, a novel strategy for FF control is established comprising multi-stage objectives, coupling LID/BMPs optimization schemes and Information Feedback (IF) mechanisms, aiming towards its application for the management of urban stormwater at the watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Gao
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qionghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China
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2
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Xu Y, Li H, Zhang X, Bai X, Wu L, Tan C, Zhang Z. Removal, migration, and distribution of naphthalene in bioretention facilities: the influences of particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46940-46949. [PMID: 36735139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), as an important carrier of carrying and transporting runoff pollutants, can significantly affect the behavior and removal efficiency of pollutants in bioretention facilities. In order to control the pollution caused by naphthalene in bioretention facilities, the removal efficiency and migration characteristics of naphthalene were systematically investigated under the influences of PM. The results showed that the removal efficiency of naphthalene was 74 ~ 97% in bioretention facilities under the influences of PM. With the higher concentration, the lower rainfall return period, and the longer antecedent drying period, the removal efficiency of naphthalene in each medium layer were higher. Furthermore, the PM could increase the naphthalene adsorption capacity onto medium in the first 10 cm depth, which showed more than 80% removal efficiency and lower mobility of naphthalene. The removal efficiency of naphthalene was significantly higher (90 ~ 97%), when the particle size and concentration of PM were 0 ~ 45 μm and 500 mg/L, respectively. This study investigated the important role of PM for naphthalene removal in bioretention facilities, and provided effective guidelines for runoff pollution control, design of stormwater facilities, and assessment risk of naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China.
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3
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Esfandiar N, Suri R, McKenzie ER. Competitive sorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from stormwater runoff by five low-cost sorbents; Effects of co-contaminants, humic acid, salinity and pH. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126938. [PMID: 34474369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For a comprehensive estimation of metals removal by sorbents in stormwater systems, it is essential to evaluate the impacts of co-contaminants. However, most studies consider only metals (single or multiple), which may overestimate performance. This study employed a batch method to investigate the performance of five low-cost sorbents - coconut coir fiber (CCF), blast furnace slag (BFS), waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR), biochar (BC), and iron coated biochar (FeBC) - for simultaneous removal of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from simulated stormwater (SSW) containing other contaminants (nutrients and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). BFS and CCF demonstrated the highest sorption capacity of all metals (> 95% removal) in all systems (single and multi-contaminant). However, the presence of other contaminants in solution reduced metals removal for other sorbents, as follows (highest to lowest removal): single-metal > multi-metal > multi-contaminant solutions, and removal efficiency ranking among metals was generally Cr~Cu~Pb > Ni > Cd > Zn. Humic acid (HA) negatively affected the metal sorption, likely due to the formation of soluble HA-metal complexes; NaCl concentration did not impact removal, but alkaline pH improved removal. These findings indicate that sorbents need to be tested under realistic stormwater solution chemistry including co-contaminants to appropriately characterize performance prior to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Esfandiar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Rominder Suri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Erica R McKenzie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States.
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4
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Yang F, Fu D, Zevenbergen C, Rene ER. A comprehensive review on the long-term performance of stormwater biofiltration systems (SBS): Operational challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113956. [PMID: 34700085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater biofiltration systems (SBS) are a popular technology for mitigating the negative effects of urbanization on the hydrological processes and water quality in urban areas. However, little is known about SBS's long-term performance in actual field conditions. The findings of a review of the scientific literature on the long-term performance of SBS are presented in this paper. The findings show that only a few studies have investigated the performance of SBS and its change over time, and that the results of laboratory and field experiments differed due to the presence of plants, regular maintenance, and some uncertain environmental factors. Based on the existing knowledge gaps in this field, the main challenges observed was the lack of long-term field data series, and the existing mathematical models are not able to accurately forecast the long-term performance of SBS. This could be owing to the difficulties in monitoring activities, the high costs involved and the unpredictability around the operational timeframe. Future study should concentrate on the implementation of simulation and modeling-based research in pilot and full-scale SBS, and the inclusion of new performance indicators should be considered as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feikai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210096, China; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2611DA, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gebouw 23, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chris Zevenbergen
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2611DA, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gebouw 23, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Eldon R Rene
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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5
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Wilfong MT, Casey RE, Ownby DR. Performance of commercially available soil amendments for enhanced Cu attenuation in bioretention media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113047. [PMID: 34146781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention structures such as planter boxes, swales and rain gardens are being increasingly utilized in built landscapes as a strategy to attenuate both stormwater flows and contaminant loads. Copper (Cu) roofing materials contribute significantly higher mass loads of dissolved Cu per unit area than other surfaces such as parking lots and roadways. While a recent study demonstrated that conventional bioretention media can remove greater than 90% of Cu from copper roof runoff, the median Cu concentrations at the point of discharge from bioretention structures (66 μg L-1) still did not achieve Cu concentrations in stormwater discharges sought in some jurisdictions (for example, < 14 μg L-1). Consequently, commercially available soil amendments were assessed to improve bioretention Cu removal. The ability of biochar, greensand, and zeolite to improve Cu removal was evaluated in laboratory column studies. Additionally, the performance of zeolite as an underlayer amendment was evaluated in bioretention planter boxes treating stormwater from a picnic shelter with a partitioned copper roof. Cu was measured in the planter box influent and effluent. The field setup included 2 control planter boxes containing only standard bioretention media and 2 amended with the zeolite underlayer. Samples from ten storms were collected with flow-weighted composite sampling. Total Cu in composite samples of the influent waters ranged from 445 to 1683 μg L-1 and had a median concentration of 934 μg L-1. Total Cu in the effluent from the control planter boxes ranged from 10 to 64 μg L-1, with a mean of 29 μg L-1. Total Cu in effluent from the zeolite amended planter boxes ranged from 4 to 44 μg L-1 with a mean of 18 μg L-1. Attenuation in the control planter boxes ranged from 90 to 99% with a median of 93.4% by concentration and ranged from 95 to 99% with a median of 97.5% in the zeolite amended planter boxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Wilfong
- Urban Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (UEBL), Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA; Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ryan E Casey
- Urban Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (UEBL), Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - David R Ownby
- Urban Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (UEBL), Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA.
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Pla C, Benavente D, Valdes-Abellan J, Kovacova Z. Effectiveness of two lightweight aggregates for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated urban stormwater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 239:103778. [PMID: 33621944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated runoff stormwater from urban environments carries several contaminants to water bodies, thereby affecting the health of living beings and ecological systems. Among all the contaminants, heavy metals possess high toxicity and impact water quality. The stormwater management through green infrastructures composed by adequate materials can provide an excellent solution, simultaneously ensuring the appropriate hydraulic performance and contaminant removal rate. The proposed research aims at the elimination of heavy metals (i.e. Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) through column experiments by selecting four possible and novel treatments for urban stormwaters. Two lightweight aggregates (Arlita and Filtralite) were tested separately and in combination with CaCO3. The study determines the efficiency and lifetime of each treatment by varying the interaction time between the filter materials and contaminated water and the type of filter. The observed removal mechanisms were closely related to the changes in pH due to the interactions between water and different materials. The reductions in heavy metal concentrations depend on the type of heavy metal, interaction time and type of filter material. Results indicate that the combined use of CaCO3, Arlita and Filtralite did not improve the removal rates of heavy metals. However, it decreased the efficiency of the decontamination process. The significance of this study lies on the removal efficiency of Arlita and Filtralite as decontamination treatments. Both the tested lightweight aggregates led to a considerable decrease in the heavy metal concentrations in urban runoff stormwater although Filtralite was particularly efficient. After 4 weeks, the treatments were still successfully reducing and stabilising 99% of the heavy metals in the contaminated stormwater. These results confirm that the lifetime of the tested lightweight aggregates is adequate and emphasise, as a novel application of these materials, on their feasibility for the improvement of urban stormwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Pla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - David Benavente
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Zdenka Kovacova
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Hong J, Ko D, Hwang Y. Disulfide polymer grafted polypropylene/polyethylene filter media for selective cadmium removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123060. [PMID: 32937714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution caused by stormwater runoff has triggered a demand for effective heavy metal sorbents. Effective heavy metal removal using conventional stormwater runoff treatment processes that employ filtration mechanisms as primary removal mechanisms is difficult. Therefore, we attempt to improve cadmium removal performance by attaching disulfide polymer (DiS-COP) containing soft bases, thiols, onto the surface of polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) fiber media, which is widely used for stormwater runoff treatment. Material characterization demonstrated that DiS-COP was successfully grafted and grown on the surface of PP/PE (Dis-PP/PE). The batch and continuous flow adsorption capacities of Dis-PP/PE were 81.1 mg/g and 2.33 mg/g, respectively, which is 40 times higher than those of pristine PP/PE. Applicability of DiS-PP/PE at pH 6-8 was demonstrated, and effects of calcium and humic acid on cadmium adsorption were investigated. Calcium marginally affected cadmium adsorption, which can be explained using the Hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases theory (HSAB), but cadmium removal efficiency decreased owing to humic acid (HA)-Cd complex formation and agglomeration in the presence of organic material. In a breakthrough test, the adsorption column exhibited complete cadmium uptake over 24 h until it reached the breakthrough point. Therefore, heavy metal adsorption performance of PP/PE was successfully enhanced by grafting DiS-COP on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongah Ko
- Innovation Centre Denmark, Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Hu D, Zhang C, Ma B, Liu Z, Yang X, Yang L. The characteristics of rainfall runoff pollution and its driving factors in Northwest semiarid region of China - A case study of Xi'an. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138384. [PMID: 32335400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the effective control of point source pollution, rainfall runoff pollution has become the main source of water pollution in Xi'an. Understanding the characteristics and driving factors of rainfall runoff pollution would provide theoretical foundation for urban rainfall runoff pollution control. In this study, a total of 32 rainwater samples, 604 roof runoff samples and 608 road runoff samples obtained from literature and a total of 35 rainwater samples, 127 roof runoff samples and 70 road runoff samples collected by our group were mixed to analyze the rainfall runoff pollution from 2008 to 2019. The Mann-Kendall and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method were used to determine the trend of pollution and the driving factors of water quality changes. The results showed that the major pollutant from rainwater was nitrogen, while the main pollutants from roof and road runoff were COD and SS. The rainwater quality during the study period was "clean to slightly polluted". The roof runoff quality of most years (67%) was "clean to slightly polluted". The road runoff quality was poor: 22% was "moderately polluted", and 45% was "heavily polluted". The concentration of pollutants except COD in rainwater showed a decreasing trend, while the trend of pollutants in roof and road runoff was not completely consistent with that in rainwater. NH3-N showed strong positive correlation with TN in roof runoff, which indicated common sources of these pollutants. There was a significant correlation between SS and COD in road runoff, and between SS and TP in roof runoff, suggesting SS was an important carrier of COD and TP. Technology innovation was the dominant factor affecting water quality, followed by industrial structure. Economic development and population scale contribute negatively to water quality improvement, and there was a sharp increase in the population scale effect in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited the Power Construction Corporation of China, China
| | - Zichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited the Power Construction Corporation of China, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited the Power Construction Corporation of China, China
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Zhao RS, Li JK, Guo C, Li F, Li HE. Filler improvement and purification effects of constructed rapid infiltration facility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33654-33669. [PMID: 31591686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purification effects of constructed rapid infiltration system with two main fillers (coarse sand or medium coarse sand) and different addition proportion (5%, 10%, or 15%) modifiers (sponge iron, blast furnace slag, or zeolite) on rainwater runoff were studied through filter column tests. A set of constructed rapid infiltration system test device was designed, which included 9 rainwater filter columns. The test results showed that the permeability of artificial fillers blended with modifiers could have the promotion with varying degrees. There were differences in the characteristics of the modifiers, so the artificial fillers blended with different modifiers had a significant difference for the purification effects on each pollutant. In view of the overall situations, the pollutant removal effects of artificial fillers with two or more modifiers had a smaller gap, and the reduction effects were good, ranging from 38.95 to 46.25% when the main filler is coarse sand and from 46.29 to 49.46% while main filler is medium coarse sand. It was worth noting that the artificial fillers blended with sponge iron showed a slight harden after prolonged used; however, it had little influence on the permeability and water purification effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Song Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jia-Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Huai-En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
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A Quantity–Quality Model to Assess the Effects of Source Control Stormwater Management on Hydrology and Water Quality at the Catchment Scale. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vast development of urban areas has resulted in the increase of stormwater peak runoff and volume. Water quality has also been adversely affected. The best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) techniques could be applied to urban areas to mitigate these effects. A quantity–quality model was developed to simulate LID practices at the catchment scale using the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (US EPA SWMM). The purpose of the study was to investigate the impacts of LID techniques on hydrology and water quality. The study was performed in BUNUS catchment in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This study applied vegetated swale and rain garden to assess the model performance at a catchment scale using real field data. The selected LIDs occupied 7% of each subcatchment (of which 40% was swale and 30% was rain garden). The LID removal efficiency was up to 40% and 62% for TN and TSS, respectively. The peak runoff reduction was up to 27% for the rainfall of up to 70 mm, and up to 19% for the rainfall of between 70 and 90 mm, respectively. For the longer storm events of higher than 90 mm the results were not as satisfactory as expected. The model was more effective in peak runoff reduction during the shorter rainfall events. As for the water quality, it was satisfactory in all selected rainfall scenarios.
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11
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Trenouth WR, Gharabaghi B, Farghaly H. Enhanced roadside drainage system for environmentally sensitive areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:613-622. [PMID: 28822929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff from roadways that encroach upon environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) is one of the leading causes of degradation in urbanizing watersheds around the world. This is due to toxicity of the pollutant cocktail commonly found in roadway runoff, including heavy metals and sediments, as well as road salts from winter maintenance operations. This paper presents a novel design of an enhanced roadside drainage system (ERDS); an improved roadside drainage system that is intended to protect groundwater recharge zones and sensitive aquatic species in ESAs. The methods highlighted in this paper can be used to select soil amendments and size filter media for ERDS based on a combination of anticipated roadway pollutants and loads, treatment media efficacy and capacity, and consideration of applicable regulatory guidelines. The design of the ERDS must ensure compliance with the regulatory guidelines related to the protection of groundwater recharge zones as well as the receiving streams to protect priority species living therein. The performance monitoring results from a pilot-scale ERDS are presented to provide guidance for the key novel aspects of the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Trenouth
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Bahram Gharabaghi
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Hani Farghaly
- Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 301 St. Paul Street, St. Catharines, Ontario L2R 7R4, Canada.
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Robison AL, Chapman T, Bidwell JR. Predation cues influence metabolic rate and sensitivity to other chemical stressors in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia pulex. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:55-68. [PMID: 29101637 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The response of aquatic species to contaminants is often context dependent as illustrated by the influence that predation cues can have on the toxicity of some chemicals. We sought to gain additional insight into this interaction by examining how predation cues (alarm cue and fish kairomone) influence metabolic rate and the acute toxicity of sodium chloride and cadmium to fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas) and sodium chloride to Daphnia pulex neonates. Consistent with a "flight or fight" response, the metabolic rate of fish larvae was elevated in the presence of alarm cue and growth of the minnows was also significantly reduced when exposed to alarm cue. The average 48-h LC50 for fathead minnows exposed to sodium chloride was significantly lower in the presence of alarm cue and kairomone combined as compared to tests with the salt alone. Analysis of the dose and survival response indicated alarm cue increased sensitivity of the fish to mid-range salt concentrations in particular. These results suggest an energetic cost of exposure to predation cues that resulted in enhanced toxicity of NaCl. Exposure to kairomone alone had no significant effect on salt toxicity to the minnows, which could be related to a lack of previous exposure to that cue. The acute toxicity of cadmium to the fish larvae was also not affected by the presence of predation cues which could be due to a metal-induced sensory system dysfunction or reduced bioavailability of the metal due to organic exudates from the predation cues. In contrast to the fathead minnow results, the metabolic rate of D. pulex and toxicity of NaCl to the daphnids were reduced in the presence of certain predator kairomones. This suggests an anti-predator response that enhanced tolerance to the salt. This study illustrates that the effect of predation cues on toxicity of aquatic contaminants can vary significantly based on the prey species, type of cue, and chemical stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie L Robison
- Robison Wildlife Solutions, LLC, 9401S. Harrah Rd, Newalla, OK, 74857, USA
- Prior address: Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Trevor Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Joseph R Bidwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
- Prior address: Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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de Macedo MB, Rosa A, do Lago CAF, Mendiondo EM, de Souza VCB. Learning from the operation, pathology and maintenance of a bioretention system to optimize urban drainage practices. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:454-466. [PMID: 28917180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
LID practices for runoff control are increasingly being used as an integrated solution in urban drainage, helping to achieve hydrological balance close to the pre-urbanized period and decrease the diffuse pollution transported to urban rivers. Regarding bioretention, there is already broad knowledge about the detention of peak flows and their treatment capacity for many pollutants. However, there are still few field studies in microdrainage scale, which analyze the actual operation of these devices and raise common problems found, especially in subtropical climate. Therefore, this study aims to show what was learnt from the field operation of a bioretention cell on a micro-drainage scale, located in an urban catchment of a Brazilian city, suggesting maintenance actions as adaptations to the pathologies found. Five rainy events were monitored during the dry season, in order to carry out a preliminary analysis for critical conditions in terms of maintenance and diffuse pollution accumulation. From the first water balance results, low storage and low infiltration capacity of the soil were found as main pathologies. They led to a great amount of runoff passing directly through the cell surface and at a high velocity, resulting in soil erosion and low water retention efficiency. To overcome these problems, some structural adaptations were made over the cell, highlighting the semi-direct injection. The maintenance and adaptations proposed were suitable to avoid the erosion process, increasing the storage and improving the water retention efficiency in bioretention. They should be considered from the very initial stages, to using sites with low permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Batalini de Macedo
- Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos/USP, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense, 400, CP 359, Postal Code 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Altair Rosa
- Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos/USP, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense, 400, CP 359, Postal Code 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - César Ambrogi Ferreira do Lago
- Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos/USP, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense, 400, CP 359, Postal Code 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mario Mendiondo
- Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos/USP, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense, 400, CP 359, Postal Code 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Caramori Borges de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Alagoas - UFAL, Campus A. C. Simões - Rod. BR 104 km 14, CTEC, Cidade Universitaria, Postal Code 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Removal of Heavy Metals from Urban Stormwater Runoff Using Bioretention Media Mix. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hydrological Design of Two Low-Impact Development Techniques in a Semi-Arid Climate Zone of Central Mexico. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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