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Williams-Fegredo T, Davies L, Knevelman C, Mitrophanous K, Miskin J, Rafiq QA. Development of novel lipoplex formulation methodologies to improve large-scale transient transfection for lentiviral vector manufacture. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101260. [PMID: 38745895 PMCID: PMC11092396 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale transient transfection has advanced significantly over the last 20 years, enabling the effective production of a diverse range of biopharmaceutical products, including viral vectors. However, a number of challenges specifically related to transfection reagent stability and transfection complex preparation times remain. New developments and improved transfection technologies are required to ensure that transient gene expression-based bioprocesses can meet the growing demand for viral vectors. In this paper, we demonstrate that the growth of cationic lipid-based liposomes, an essential step in many cationic lipid-based transfection processes, can be controlled through adoption of low pH (pH 6.40 to pH 6.75) and in low salt concentration (0.2× PBS) formulations, facilitating improved control over the nanoparticle growth kinetics and enhancing particle stability. Such complexes retain the ability to facilitate efficient transfection for prolonged periods compared with standard preparation methodologies. These findings have significant industrial applications for the large-scale manufacture of lentiviral vectors for two principal reasons. First, the alternative preparation strategy enables longer liposome incubation times to be used, facilitating effective control in a good manufacturing practices setting. Second, the improvement in particle stability facilitates the setting of wider process operating ranges, which will significantly improve process robustness and maximise batch-to-batch control and product consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Williams-Fegredo
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Windrush Court, Transport Way, Oxford OX4 6LT, UK
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lee Davies
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Windrush Court, Transport Way, Oxford OX4 6LT, UK
| | - Carol Knevelman
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Windrush Court, Transport Way, Oxford OX4 6LT, UK
| | | | - James Miskin
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Windrush Court, Transport Way, Oxford OX4 6LT, UK
| | - Qasim A. Rafiq
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Kreofsky NW, Roy P, Brown ME, Perez U, Leighton RE, Frontiera RR, Reineke TM. Cinchona Alkaloid Polymers Demonstrate Highly Efficient Gene Delivery Dependent on Stereochemistry, Methoxy Substitution, and Length. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:486-501. [PMID: 38150323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery with cationic polymers is a promising alternative to expensive viral-based methods; however, it often suffers from a lower performance. Herein, we present a highly efficient delivery system based on cinchona alkaloid natural products copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. Cinchona alkaloids are an attractive monomer class for gene delivery applications, given their ability to bind to DNA via both electrostatics and intercalation. To uncover the structure-activity profile of the system, four structurally similar cinchona alkaloids were incorporated into polymers: quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine. These polymers differed in the chain length, the presence or absence of a pendant methoxy group, and stereochemistry, all of which were found to alter gene delivery performance and the ways in which the polymers overcome biological barriers to transfection. Longer polymers that contained the methoxy-bearing cinchona alkaloids (i.e., quinine and quinidine) were found to have the best performance. These polymers exhibited the tightest DNA binding, largest and most abundant DNA-polymer complexes, and best endosomal escape thanks to their increased buffering capacity and closest nuclear proximity of the payload. Overall, this work highlights the remarkable efficiency of polymer systems that incorporate cinchona alkaloid natural products while demonstrating the profound impact that small structural changes can have on overcoming biological hurdles associated with gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Kreofsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Punarbasu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mary E Brown
- University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ulises Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ryan E Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Fu Q, Lee YS, Green EA, Wang Y, Park SY, Polanco A, Lee KH, Betenbaugh M, McNally D, Yoon S. Design space determination to optimize DNA complexation and full capsid formation in transient rAAV manufacturing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3148-3162. [PMID: 37475681 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are a promising platform for in vivo gene therapies. However, cost-effective, well-characterized processes necessary to manufacture rAAV therapeutics are challenging to develop without an understanding of how process parameters (PPs) affect rAAV product quality attributes (PQAs). In this work, a central composite orthogonal experimental design was employed to examine the influence of four PPs for transient transfection complex formation (polyethylenimine:DNA [PEI:DNA] ratio, total DNA/cell, cocktail volume, and incubation time) on three rAAV PQAs related to capsid content (vector genome titer, vector genome:capsid particle ratio, and two-dimensional vector genome titer ratio). A regression model was established for each PQA using partial least squares, and a design space (DS) was defined in which Monte Carlo simulations predicted < 1% probability of failure (POF) to meet predetermined PQA specifications. Of the three PQAs, viral genome titer was most strongly correlated with changes in complexation PPs. The DS and acceptable PP ranges were largest when incubation time and cocktail volume were kept at mid-high setpoints, and PEI:DNA ratio and total DNA/cell were at low-mid setpoints. Verification experiments confirmed model predictive capability, and this work establishes a framework for studying other rAAV PPs and their relationship to PQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erica A Green
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Yongdan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashli Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David McNally
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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Balgobind A, Daniels A, Ariatti M, Singh M. HER2/neu Oncogene Silencing in a Breast Cancer Cell Model Using Cationic Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041190. [PMID: 37111675 PMCID: PMC10142055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/neu) oncogene is predictive of adverse breast cancer prognosis. Silencing the HER2/neu overexpression using siRNA may be an effective treatment strategy. Major requirements for siRNA-based therapy are safe, stable, and efficient delivery systems to channel siRNA into target cells. This study assessed the efficacy of cationic lipid-based systems for the delivery of siRNA. Cationic liposomes were formulated with equimolar ratios of the respective cholesteryl cytofectins, 3β-N-(N', N'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbamoyl cholesterol (Chol-T) or N, N-dimethylaminopropylaminylsuccinylcholesterylformylhydrazide (MS09), with the neutral helper lipid, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), with and without a polyethylene glycol stabilizer. All cationic liposomes efficiently bound, compacted, and protected the therapeutic siRNA against nuclease degradation. Liposomes and siRNA lipoplexes were spherical, <200 nm in size, with moderate particle size distributions (PDI < 0.4). The siRNA lipoplexes exhibited minimal dose-dependent cytotoxicity and effective HER2/neu siRNA transfection in the HER2/neu overexpressing SKBR-3 cells. The non-PEGylated Chol-T-siRNA lipoplexes induced the highest HER2/neu silencing at the mRNA (10000-fold decrease) and protein levels (>111.6-fold decrease), surpassing that of commercially available Lipofectamine 3000 (4.1-fold reduction in mRNA expression). These cationic liposomes are suitable carriers of HER2/neu siRNA for gene silencing in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhika Balgobind
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Aliscia Daniels
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mario Ariatti
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Yao Y, Ko Y, Grasman G, Raymond JE, Lahann J. The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:351-361. [PMID: 36959977 PMCID: PMC10028570 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential of therapeutically loaded nanoparticles (NPs) has been successfully demonstrated during the last decade, with NP-mediated nonviral gene delivery gathering significant attention as highlighted by the broad clinical acceptance of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. A significant barrier to progress in this emerging area is the wild variability of approaches reported in published literature regarding nanoparticle characterizations. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current status and outline important concerns regarding the need for standardized protocols to evaluate NP uptake, NP transfection efficacy, drug dose determination, and variability of nonviral gene delivery systems. Based on these concerns, we propose wide adherence to multimodal, multiparameter, and multistudy analysis of NP systems. Adoption of these proposed approaches will ensure improved transparency, provide a better basis for interlaboratory comparisons, and will simplify judging the significance of new findings in a broader context, all critical requirements for advancing the field of nonviral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yeongun Ko
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Grant Grasman
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffery E Raymond
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Protopapa G, Bono N, Visone R, D'Alessandro F, Rasponi M, Candiani G. A new microfluidic platform for the highly reproducible preparation of non-viral gene delivery complexes. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:136-145. [PMID: 36477137 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00744d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transfection describes the delivery of exogenous nucleic acids (NAs) to cells utilizing non-viral means. In the last few decades, scientists have been doing their utmost to design ever more effective transfection reagents. These are eventually mixed with NAs to give rise to gene delivery complexes, which must undergo characterization, testing, and further refinement through the sequential reiteration of these steps. Unfortunately, although microfluidics offers distinct advantages over the canonical approaches to preparing particles, the systems available do not address the most frequent and practical quest for the simultaneous generation of multiple polymer-to-NA ratios (N/Ps). Herein, we developed a user-friendly microfluidic cartridge to repeatably prepare non-viral gene delivery particles and screen across a range of seven N/Ps at once or significant volumes of polyplexes at a given N/P. The microchip is equipped with a chaotic serial dilution generator for the automatic linear dilution of the polymer to the downstream area, which encompasses the NA divider to dispense equal amounts of DNA to the mixing area, enabling the formation of particles at seven N/Ps eventually collected in individual built-in tanks. This is the first example of a stand-alone microfluidic cartridge for the fast and repeatable preparation of non-viral gene delivery complexes at different N/Ps and their storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Protopapa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nina Bono
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio D'Alessandro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Petrovic M, Porcello A, Tankov S, Majchrzak O, Kiening M, Laingoniaina AC, Jbilou T, Walker PR, Borchard G, Jordan O. Synthesis, Formulation and Characterization of Immunotherapeutic Glycosylated Dendrimer/cGAMP Complexes for CD206 Targeted Delivery to M2 Macrophages in Cold Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091883. [PMID: 36145631 PMCID: PMC9503622 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor responses can be achieved via the stimulation of the immune system, a therapeutic approach called cancer immunotherapy. Many solid tumor types are characterized by the presence of immune-suppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs) cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, TAM infiltration is strongly associated with poor survival in solid cancer patients and hence a low responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, 2′3′ Cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′ cGAMP) was employed for its ability to shift macrophages from pro-tumoral M2-like macrophages (TAM) to anti-tumoral M1. However, cGAMP transfection within macrophages is limited by the molecule’s negative charge, poor stability and lack of targeting. To circumvent these barriers, we designed nanocarriers based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) grafted with D-glucuronic acid (Glu) for M2 mannose-mediated endocytosis. Two carriers were synthesized based on different dendrimers and complexed with cGAMP at different ratios. Orthogonal techniques were employed for synthesis (NMR, ninhydrin, and gravimetry), size (DLS, NTA, and AF4-DLS), charge (DLS and NTA), complexation (HPLC-UV and AF4-UV) and biocompatibility and toxicity (primary cells and hen egg chorioallantoic membrane model) evaluations in order to evaluate the best cGAMP carrier. The best formulation was selected for its low toxicity, biocompatibility, monodispersed distribution, affinity towards CD206 and ability to increase M1 (STAT1 and NOS2) and decrease M2 marker (MRC1) expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrovic
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Porcello
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stoyan Tankov
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliwia Majchrzak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kiening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Clara Laingoniaina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tayeb Jbilou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul R. Walker
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-223796586
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Ponti F, Bono N, Russo L, Bigini P, Mantovani D, Candiani G. Vibropolyfection: coupling polymer-mediated gene delivery to mechanical stimulation to enhance transfection of adherent cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:363. [PMID: 35933375 PMCID: PMC9356458 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the success of recent non-viral gene delivery-based COVID-19 vaccines, nanovectors have gained some public acceptance and come to the forefront of advanced therapies. Unfortunately, the relatively low ability of the vectors to overcome cellular barriers adversely affects their effectiveness. Scientists have thus been striving to develop ever more effective gene delivery vectors, but the results are still far from satisfactory. Therefore, developing novel strategies is probably the only way forward to bring about genuine change. Herein, we devise a brand-new gene delivery strategy to boost dramatically the transfection efficiency of two gold standard nucleic acid (NA)/polymer nanoparticles (polyplexes) in vitro. Results We conceived a device to generate milli-to-nanoscale vibrational cues as a function of the frequency set, and deliver vertical uniaxial displacements to adherent cells in culture. A short-lived high-frequency vibrational load (t = 5 min, f = 1,000 Hz) caused abrupt and extensive plasmalemma outgrowths but was safe for cells as neither cell proliferation rate nor viability was affected. Cells took about 1 hr to revert to quasi-naïve morphology through plasma membrane remodeling. In turn, this eventually triggered the mechano-activated clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway and made cells more apt to internalize polyplexes, resulting in transfection efficiencies increased from 10-to-100-fold. Noteworthy, these results were obtained transfecting three cell lines and hard-to-transfect primary cells. Conclusions In this work, we focus on a new technology to enhance the intracellular delivery of NAs and improve the transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors through priming adherent cells with a short vibrational stimulation. This study paves the way for capitalizing on physical cell stimulation(s) to significantly raise the effectiveness of gene delivery vectors in vitro and ex vivo. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01571-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ponti
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC Tier I, Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Nina Bono
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC Tier I, Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Micrometric DNA/PEI polyplexes correlate with higher transient gene expression yields in HEK 293 cells. N Biotechnol 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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How Far Are Non-Viral Vectors to Come of Age and Reach Clinical Translation in Gene Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147545. [PMID: 34299164 PMCID: PMC8304344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient delivery of genetic material into cells is a critical process to translate gene therapy into clinical practice. In this sense, the increased knowledge acquired during past years in the molecular biology and nanotechnology fields has contributed to the development of different kinds of non-viral vector systems as a promising alternative to virus-based gene delivery counterparts. Consequently, the development of non-viral vectors has gained attention, and nowadays, gene delivery mediated by these systems is considered as the cornerstone of modern gene therapy due to relevant advantages such as low toxicity, poor immunogenicity and high packing capacity. However, despite these relevant advantages, non-viral vectors have been poorly translated into clinical success. This review addresses some critical issues that need to be considered for clinical practice application of non-viral vectors in mainstream medicine, such as efficiency, biocompatibility, long-lasting effect, route of administration, design of experimental condition or commercialization process. In addition, potential strategies for overcoming main hurdles are also addressed. Overall, this review aims to raise awareness among the scientific community and help researchers gain knowledge in the design of safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery systems for clinical applications to progress in the gene therapy field.
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11
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Mastrobattista E. Formulation and delivery solutions for the next generation biotherapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 336:583-597. [PMID: 34174354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2018 I was appointed full professor of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Delivery at the Pharmaceutics division of the department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. In this contribution to the Orations - New Horizons of the Journal of Controlled Release I will introduce my research group (see also www.uu.nl/pharmaceutics) and will highlight my current and future research projects. In coming years the focus of my research will be on the administration of biotherapeutics, aiming to control their fate from the site of injection to the site of action. I will discuss issues related to formulation of biotherapeutics into nanomedicines (NMs), intracellular delivery of nucleic acids as well as protein therapeutics, and targeted delivery of biotherapeutics beyond the liver. In addition, I will provide a forward view on how current developments in the drug delivery and gene therapy field may result in sustainable and cost-effective dosing regimens for biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Efficient Non-Viral Gene Modification of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly with Polyethylenimine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090896. [PMID: 32971730 PMCID: PMC7559368 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (WJ) have a wide therapeutic potential in cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multipotential capacity, which can be reinforced through gene therapy in order to modulate specific responses. However, reported methodologies to transfect WJ-MSC using cationic polymers are scarce. Here, WJ-MSC were transfected using 25 kDa branched- polyethylenimine (PEI) and a DNA plasmid encoding GFP. PEI/plasmid complexes were characterized to establish the best transfection efficiencies with lowest toxicity. Expression of MSC-related cell surface markers was evaluated. Likewise, immunomodulatory activity and multipotential capacity of transfected WJ-MSC were assessed by CD2/CD3/CD28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cocultures and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays, respectively. An association between cell number, PEI and DNA content, and transfection efficiency was observed. The highest transfection efficiency (15.3 ± 8.6%) at the lowest toxicity was achieved using 2 ng/μL DNA and 3.6 ng/μL PEI with 45,000 WJ-MSC in a 24-well plate format (200 μL). Under these conditions, there was no significant difference between the expression of MSC-identity markers, inhibitory effect on CD3+ T lymphocytes proliferation and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation ability of transfected WJ-MSC, as compared with non-transfected cells. These results suggest that the functional properties of WJ-MSC were not altered after optimized transfection with PEI.
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Tan S, Chen Y, Gao Y, He J, Guo X, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zeng F. β-Galactosidase gene codon optimization results in post-transcriptional enhancement of expression. Gene 2020; 748:144676. [PMID: 32305635 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE lacZ encodes for β-galactosidase within the galactose operon of bacterial cells. When used as a reporter gene, bacterial "β-galactosidase" expression is often insufficient for detection in mammalian cells. We intended to optimize the lacZ codon usage according to the most frequently used codons for the seven major proteins in cow's milk, in order to pave a way for the enhancement of transgenic genes expression in eukaryotes. RESULTS We constructed modified lacZ (named olacZ) according to optional codons used for proteins expressed in cow's milk. The expression of lacZ and olacZ was then compared in HC11 (a murine mammary gland epithelial line), 293T, HeLa, Cos7, and NIH 3T3 cells. While there was no significant difference at the mRNA level between lacZ and olacZ (P > 0.05). The quantification of β-galactosidase activity and in situ staining experiments showed a 1.2-fold to 3.3-fold expression improvement when comparing olacZ with lacZ. The levels of β-galactosidase expression at the protein levels from olacZ were approximately 9.2-fold and 2.4-fold respectively for Cos7 and HC11 cells. Furthermore, a 1.9-fold tendency of enhanced expression of olacZ in mammary gland during lactation was observed in transgenic-olacZ mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an alternative choice for improving lacZ reporter expression in eukaryotes, especially in the mammary gland of cattle or goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jiaping He
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Xinbing Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Development, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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15
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Paris JL, Coelho F, Teixeira A, Diéguez L, Silva BFB, Abalde-Cela S. In Vitro Evaluation of Lipopolyplexes for Gene Transfection: Comparing 2D, 3D and Microdroplet-Enabled Cell Culture. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143277. [PMID: 32708478 PMCID: PMC7397275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes combining nucleic acids with lipids and polymers (lipopolyplexes) show great promise for gene therapy since they enable compositional, physical and functional versatility to be optimized for therapeutic efficiency. When developing lipopolyplexes for gene delivery, one of the first evaluations performed is an in vitro transfection efficiency experiment. Many different in vitro models can be used, and the effect of the model on the experiment outcome has not been thoroughly studied. The objective of this work was to compare the insights obtained from three different in vitro models, as well as the potential limitations associated with each of them. We have prepared a series of lipopolyplex formulations with three different cationic polymers (poly-l-lysine, bioreducible poly-l-lysine and polyethyleneimine), and assessed their in vitro biological performance in 2D monolayer cell culture, 3D spheroid culture and microdroplet-based single-cell culture. Lipopolyplexes from different polymers presented varying degrees of transfection efficiency in all models. The best-performing formulation in 2D culture was the polyethyleneimine lipopolyplex, while lipoplexes prepared with bioreducible poly-l-lysine were the only ones achieving any transfection in microdroplet-enabled cell culture. None of the prepared formulations achieved significant gene transfection in 3D culture. All of the prepared formulations were well tolerated by cells in 2D culture, while at least one formulation (poly-l-lysine polyplex) delayed 3D spheroid growth. These results highlight the need for selecting the appropriate in vitro model depending on the intended application.
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16
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Elshereef AA, Jochums A, Lavrentieva A, Stuckenberg L, Scheper T, Solle D. High cell density transient transfection of CHO cells for TGF-β1 expression. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:730-740. [PMID: 32624966 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High cell densities for transient transfection with polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be used for rapid and maximal production of recombinant proteins. High cell densities can be obtained by different cultivation systems, such as batch or perfusion systems. Herein, densities up to 18 million cells/mL were obtained by centrifugation for transfection evaluation. PEI transfection efficiency was easily determined by transfected enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter plasmid DNA (pDNA). A linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and transfection efficiency was improved. The transfection efficiency of PEI was highly dependent on the transfection conditions and directly related to the level of recombinant protein. Several factors were required to optimize the transient transfection process; these factors included the media type (which is compatible with low or high cell density transfection), the preculture CHO-K1 suspension cell density, and the pDNA to PEI level. Based on design of experiment (DoE) analyses, the optimal transfection conditions for 10 × 106 cells/mL in the CHOMACS CD medium achieved 73% transfection efficiency and a cell viability of over 80%. These results were confirmed for the production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in a shake flask. The purified TGF-β1 protein concentration from 60 mL supernatant was 27 µg/mL, and the protein was biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A Elshereef
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany.,Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - André Jochums
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Lena Stuckenberg
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Dörte Solle
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
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17
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Fliervoet LAL, Zhang H, van Groesen E, Fortuin K, Duin NJCB, Remaut K, Schiffelers RM, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Local release of siRNA using polyplex-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10347-10360. [PMID: 32369076 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges for the clinical translation of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies concerns the deposition of therapeutically effective doses of the nucleic acids, like siRNA, at a local tissue level without severe off-target effects. To address this issue, hydrogels can be used as matrices for the local and sustained release of the siRNA cargo. In this study, the formation of polyplexes based on siRNA and poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-based polymers was investigated, followed by their loading in a thermosensitive hydrogel to promote local siRNA release. A multifunctional NPD triblock copolymer consisting of a thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, N), a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, P), and a cationic PDMAEMA (D) block was used to study the binding properties with siRNA taking the non-thermosensitive PD polymer as control. For both polymers, small polyplexes with sizes ranging from 10-20 nm were formed in aqueous solution (HBS buffer, 20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) when prepared at a N/P charge ratio of 5 or higher. Formulating the siRNA into NPD or PD polyplexes before loading into the thermosensitive PNIPAM-PEG-PNIPAM hydrogel resulted in a more controlled and sustained release compared to free siRNA release from the hydrogel. The polyplexes were released for 128 hours in HBS, when changing the release medium twice a day, while free siRNA was completely released within 50 hours with already 40% being released after changing the release medium just once. The release of the polyplexes was dependent on the dissolution rate of the hydrogel matrix. Moreover, intact polyplexes were released from the hydrogels with a similar size as before loading, suggesting that the hydrogel material did not compromise the polyplex stability. Finally, it was shown that the released polyplexes were still biologically active and transfected FaDu cells, which was observed by siRNA-induced luciferase silencing in vitro. This study shows the development of an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel to promote local and sustained release of siRNA, which can potentially be used to deliver siRNA for various applications, such as the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies A L Fliervoet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Non-Viral in Vitro Gene Delivery: It is Now Time to Set the Bar! Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020183. [PMID: 32098191 PMCID: PMC7076396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfection by means of non-viral gene delivery vectors is the cornerstone of modern gene delivery. Despite the resources poured into the development of ever more effective transfectants, improvement is still slow and limited. Of note, the performance of any gene delivery vector in vitro is strictly dependent on several experimental conditions specific to each laboratory. The lack of standard tests has thus largely contributed to the flood of inconsistent data underpinning the reproducibility crisis. A way researchers seek to address this issue is by gauging the effectiveness of newly synthesized gene delivery vectors with respect to benchmarks of seemingly well-known behavior. However, the performance of such reference molecules is also affected by the testing conditions. This survey points to non-standardized transfection settings and limited information on variables deemed relevant in this context as the major cause of such misalignments. This review provides a catalog of conditions optimized for the gold standard and internal reference, 25 kDa polyethyleneimine, that can be profitably replicated across studies for the sake of comparison. Overall, we wish to pave the way for the implementation of standardized protocols in order to make the evaluation of the effectiveness of transfectants as unbiased as possible.
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19
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Fliervoet LA, Lisitsyna ES, Durandin NA, Kotsis I, Maas-Bakker RFM, Yliperttula M, Hennink WE, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Vermonden T. Structure and Dynamics of Thermosensitive pDNA Polyplexes Studied by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:73-88. [PMID: 31500418 PMCID: PMC6961130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combining multiple stimuli-responsive functionalities into the polymer design is an attractive approach to improve nucleic acid delivery. However, more in-depth fundamental understanding how the multiple functionalities in the polymer structures are influencing polyplex formation and stability is essential for the rational development of such delivery systems. Therefore, in this study the structure and dynamics of thermosensitive polyplexes were investigated by tracking the behavior of labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA) and polymer with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The successful synthesis of a heterofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macroinitiator containing both an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) initiator is reported. The use of this novel PEG macroinitiator allows for the controlled polymerization of cationic and thermosensitive linear triblock copolymers and labeling of the chain-end with a fluorescent dye by maleimide-thiol chemistry. The polymers consisted of a thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, N), hydrophilic PEG (P), and cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA, D) block, further referred to as NPD. Polymer block D chain-ends were labeled with Cy3, while pDNA was labeled with FITC. The thermosensitive NPD polymers were used to prepare pDNA polyplexes, and the effect of the N/P charge ratio, temperature, and composition of the triblock copolymer on the polyplex properties were investigated, taking nonthermosensitive PD polymers as the control. FRET was observed both at 4 and 37 °C, indicating that the introduction of the thermosensitive PNIPAM block did not compromise the polyplex structure even above the polymer's cloud point. Furthermore, FRET results showed that the NPD- and PD-based polyplexes have a less dense core compared to polyplexes based on cationic homopolymers (such as PEI) as reported before. The polyplexes showed to have a dynamic character meaning that the polymer chains can exchange between the polyplex core and shell. Mobility of the polymers allow their uniform redistribution within the polyplex and this feature has been reported to be favorable in the context of pDNA release and subsequent improved transfection efficiency, compared to nondynamic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies A.
L. Fliervoet
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S. Lisitsyna
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nikita A. Durandin
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilias Kotsis
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel F. M. Maas-Bakker
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Chen P, Demirji J, Ivleva VB, Horwitz J, Schwartz R, Arnold F. The transient expression of CHIKV VLP in large stirred tank bioreactors. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:1079-1093. [PMID: 31560090 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient gene expression (TGE) bioprocesses have been difficult to scale up in large stirred tank bioreactors with volumes of more than 1.5 L. Low production levels are often observed, but the causes have not been investigated (Gutierrez-Granados et al. in Crit Rev Biotechnol 38:918-940, 2018). Chikungunya Virus-like particle (VLP), expressed by DNA-PEI transient transfection, is a representative case study for these difficulties. Clinical materials were produced in shake flasks, but the process suffered when transferred to large stirred tank bioreactors. The resulting process was not operationally friendly nor cost effective. In this study, a systematic approach was used to investigate the root causes of the poor scale up performance. The transfection conditions were first screened in ambr® 15 high throughput mini bioreactors then examined in 3 L stirred-tank systems. The studies found that production level was negatively correlated with inoculum cell growth status (P < 0.05). The pH range, DNA and PEI levels, order of the reagent addition, and gas-sparging systems were also studied and found to affect process performance. Further hydromechanical characterizations (Re, energy dissipation rates, and P/V, etc.) of shake flasks, ambr® 15, and 3-L stirred tank systems were performed. Overall, the study discovered that the shear stress (caused by a microsparger) and PEI toxicity together were the root causes of scale-up failure. Once the microsparger was replaced by a macrosparger, the scale-up was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Chen
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9 West Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Jacob Demirji
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9 West Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9 West Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Joe Horwitz
- Amicus Therapeutics, 1 Cedarbrook Dr, Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | | | - Frank Arnold
- Tunnell Consulting, 900 E. 8th Ave, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
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Negron K, Khalasawi N, Lu B, Ho CY, Lee J, Shenoy S, Mao HQ, Wang TH, Hanes J, Suk JS. Widespread gene transfer to malignant gliomas with In vitro-to-In vivo correlation. J Control Release 2019; 303:1-11. [PMID: 30978431 PMCID: PMC6579670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy of malignant gliomas has shown a lack of clinical success to date due in part to inability of conventional gene vectors to achieve widespread gene transfer throughout highly disseminated tumor areas within the brain. Here, we demonstrate that newly engineered polymer-based DNA-loaded nanoparticles (DNA-NP) possessing small particle diameters (~50 nm) and non-adhesive surface polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings efficiently penetrate brain tumor tissue as well as healthy brain parenchyma. Specifically, this brain-penetrating nanoparticle (BPN), following intracranial administration via convection enhanced delivery (CED), provides widespread transgene expression in heathy rodent striatum and an aggressive brain tumor tissue established orthotopically in rats. The ability of BPN to efficiently traverse both tissues is of great importance as the highly invasive glioma cells infiltrated into normal brain tissue are responsible for tumor recurrence. Of note, the transgene expression within the orthotopic tumor tissue occurred preferentially in glioma cells over microglial cells. We also show that three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids established with malignant glioma cells, unlike conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, serve as an excellent in vitro model reliably predicting gene vector behaviors in vivo. Briefly, DNA-NP possessing greater surface PEG coverage exhibited more uniform and higher-level transgene expression both in the 3D model and in vivo, whereas the trend was opposite in 2D culture. The finding here alerts that gene transfer studies based primarily on 2D cultures should be interpreted with caution and underscores the relevance of 3D models for screening newly engineered gene vectors prior to their in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Negron
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Namir Khalasawi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Billy Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Chi-Ying Ho
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Jason Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Shenoy
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America.
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22
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Fliervoet LAL, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Balancing hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in thermosensitive polyplexes for nucleic acid delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ab12ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Wang JW, Zheng F, Chen H, Ding Y, Xia XH. Rapidly Visualizing the Membrane Affinity of Gene Vectors Using Polydiacetylene-Based Allochroic Vesicles. ACS Sens 2019; 4:977-983. [PMID: 30896923 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The high-throughput screening of chemically active substances has aroused widespread interest in recent years. The screening of drug carriers is usually ignored, although they interact directly with physiological barriers and target cells, and they determine the fate and efficacy of drugs in vivo. In this work, a series of polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles (ca. 550 nm) that simulate the cell membrane are constructed to detect the membrane affinity of gene vectors. The surface potentials of vesicles are adjusted by changing the phospholipid composition using different charged compounds. All vesicles show the rapid color changes upon the addition of gene vectors by the naked eye within <5 min. The optimized 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)-PDA vesicles display the most sensitive discoloration response to the commercially available gene vectors, including Lipofectamine 2000, Entranster-H4000, and polyethylenimine. The logarithm of transfection efficiency for green fluorescent protein plasmid (pGFP) mediated by these three vectors in L02 and HepG2 cells demonstrate an excellent linear correlation with the logarithm of membrane affinity (log Kb) of the gene vectors detected by DMPC-PDA vesicles. This rapid visualization method not only allows the in vitro membrane affinity prediction of gene vectors that greatly contributes to the gene transfection efficiency, but also offers a universal strategy for the potential high-throughput screening of various carrier materials featuring high cell affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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González-Domínguez I, Grimaldi N, Cervera L, Ventosa N, Gòdia F. Impact of physicochemical properties of DNA/PEI complexes on transient transfection of mammalian cells. N Biotechnol 2019; 49:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Nanoscale characterization coupled to multi-parametric optimization of Hi5 cell transient gene expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10495-10510. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Modeling the physicochemical properties of DNA:PEI polyplexes on transient gene expression: A DoE-based approach. N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Bono N, Pennetta C, Sganappa A, Giupponi E, Sansone F, Volonterio A, Candiani G. Design and synthesis of biologically active cationic amphiphiles built on the calix[4]arene scaffold. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:436-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Apsite G, Timofejeva I, Vezane A, Vigante B, Rucins M, Sobolev A, Plotniece M, Pajuste K, Kozlovska T, Plotniece A. Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation of Novel Cationic Amphiphile C12-Man-Q as an Efficient DNA Delivery Agent In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:E1540. [PMID: 29949910 PMCID: PMC6100083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New amphiphilic 1,4-DHP derivative C12-Man-Q with remoted cationic moieties at positions 2 and 6 was synthesised to study DNA delivery activity. The results were compared with data obtained for cationic 1,4-DHP derivative D19, which is known to be the most efficient one among the previously tested 1,4-DHP amphiphiles. We analysed the effects of C12-Man-Q concentration, complexation media, and complex/cell contact time on the gene delivery effectiveness and cell viability. Transmission electron microscopy data confirms that lipoplexes formed by the compound C12-Man-Q were quite uniform, vesicular-like structures with sizes of about 50 nm, and lipoplexes produced by compound D19 were of irregular shapes, varied in size in the range of 25⁻80 nm. Additionally, confocal microscopy results revealed that both amphiphiles effectively delivered green fluorescent protein expression plasmid into BHK-21 cells and produced a fluorescent signal with satisfactory efficiency, although compound C12-Man-Q was more cytotoxic to the BHK-21 cells with an increase of concentration. It can be concluded that optimal conditions for C12-Man-Q lipoplexes delivery in BHK-21 cells were the serum free media without 0.15 M NaCl, at an N/P ratio of 0.9. Compound D19 showed higher transfection efficiency to transfect BHK-21 and Cos-7 cell lines, when transfecting active proliferating cells. Although D19 was not able to transfect all studied cell lines we propose that it could be cell type specific. The compound C12-Man-Q showed modest delivery activity in all used cell lines, and higher activity was obtained in the case of H2-35 and B16 cells. The transfection efficiency in cell lines MCF-7, HeLa, and Huh-7 appears to be comparable to the reference compound D19 and minimal in the HepG2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunita Apsite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Irena Timofejeva
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Aleksandra Vezane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Martins Rucins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Mara Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
- Rīga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Tatjana Kozlovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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Hertz D, Leiske MN, Wloka T, Traeger A, Hartlieb M, Kessels MM, Schubert S, Qualmann B, Schubert US. Comparison of random and gradient amino functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s: Can the transfection efficiency be tuned by the macromolecular structure? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hertz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2; Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Meike N. Leiske
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Thomas Wloka
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Matthias Hartlieb
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Michael M. Kessels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Otto-Schott-Straße 41; Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2; Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7; Jena 07743 Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10; Jena 07743 Germany
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Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Kamen AA, Gòdia F. Advancements in mammalian cell transient gene expression (TGE) technology for accelerated production of biologics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:918-940. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1419459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Dasari BC, Cashman SM, Kumar-Singh R. Reducible PEG-POD/DNA Nanoparticles for Gene Transfer In Vitro and In Vivo: Application in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:77-89. [PMID: 28918058 PMCID: PMC5491761 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery systems are being developed to address limitations of viral gene delivery. Many of these non-viral systems are modeled on the properties of viruses including cell surface binding, endocytosis, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting. Most non-viral gene transfer systems exhibit little correlation between in vitro and in vivo efficiency, hampering a systematic approach to their development. Previously, we have described a 3.5 kDa peptide (peptide for ocular delivery [POD]) that targets cell surface sialic acid. When functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a sulfhydryl group on the N-terminal cysteine of POD, PEG-POD could compact plasmid DNA, forming 120- to 180-nm homogeneous nanoparticles. PEG-POD enabled modest gene transfer and rescue of retinal degeneration in vivo. Systematic investigation of different stages of gene transfer by PEG-POD nanoparticles was hampered by their inability to deliver genes in vitro. Herein, we describe functionalization of POD with PEG using a reducible orthopyridyl disulfide bond. These reducible nanoparticles enabled gene transfer in vitro while retaining their in vivo gene transfer properties. These reducible PEG-POD nanoparticles were utilized to deliver human FLT1 to the retina in vivo, achieving a 50% reduction in choroidal neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Chandar Dasari
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Siobhan M Cashman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rajendra Kumar-Singh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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32
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Stahlschmidt U, Jérôme V, Majewski AP, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Systematic Study of a Library of PDMAEMA-Based, Superparamagnetic Nano-Stars for the Transfection of CHO-K1 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E156. [PMID: 30970835 PMCID: PMC6432303 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the DNA into mammalian cells remains a challenge in gene delivery, particularly in vivo. Viral vectors are unmatched in their efficiency for gene delivery, but may trigger immune responses and cause severe side-reactions. Non-viral vectors are much less efficient. Recently, our group has suggested that a star-shaped structure improves and even transforms the gene delivery capability of synthetic polycations. In this contribution, this effect was systematically studied using a library of highly homogeneous, paramagnetic nano-star polycations with varied arm lengths and grafting densities. Gene delivery was conducted in CHO-K1 cells, using a plasmid encoding a green fluorescent reporter protein. Transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicities varied systematically with the nano-star architecture. The arm density was particularly important, with values of approximately 0.06 arms/nm² yielding the best results. In addition, a certain fraction of the cells became magnetic during transfection. The gene delivery potential of a nano-star and its ability to render the cells magnetic did not have any correlations. End-capping the polycation arms with di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PDEGMA) significantly improved serum compatibility under transfection conditions; such nano-stars are potential candidates for future in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Stahlschmidt
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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33
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Pezzoli D, Giupponi E, Mantovani D, Candiani G. Size matters for in vitro gene delivery: investigating the relationships among complexation protocol, transfection medium, size and sedimentation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44134. [PMID: 28272487 PMCID: PMC5341125 DOI: 10.1038/srep44134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although branched and linear polyethylenimines (bPEIs and lPEIs) are gold standard transfectants, a systematic analysis of the effects of the preparation protocol of polyplexes and the composition of the transfection medium on their physicochemical behaviour and effectiveness in vitro have been much neglected, undermining in some way the identification of precise structure-function relationships. This work aimed to address these issues. bPEI/DNA and lPEI/DNA, prepared using two different modes of addition of reagents, gave rise to polyplexes with exactly the same chemical composition but differing in dimensions. Upon dilution in serum-free medium, the size of any kind of polyplex promptly rose over time while remained invariably stable in complete DMEM. Of note, the bigger the dimension of polyplexes (in the nano- to micrometer range), the greater their efficiency in vitro. Besides, centrifugal sedimentation of polyplexes displaying different dimensions to speed up and enhance their settling onto cells boosted transfection efficiencies. Conversely, transgene expression was significantly blunted in cells held upside-down and transfected, definitively pointing out the impact of gravitational sedimentation of polyplexes on their transfection efficiency. Overall, much more attention must be paid to the actual polyplex size that relies on the complexation conditions and the transfection medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pezzoli
- Research Unit Milano Politecnico, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology - INSTM, Via Mancinelli 7, Milan 20131, Italy.,Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering &CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City (QC) G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Elisa Giupponi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering &CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City (QC) G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Research Unit Milano Politecnico, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology - INSTM, Via Mancinelli 7, Milan 20131, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milan 20131, Italy
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Raup A, Wang H, Synatschke CV, Jérôme V, Agarwal S, Pergushov DV, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Compaction and Transmembrane Delivery of pDNA: Differences between l-PEI and Two Types of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:808-818. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department
of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Shih Y, Venault A, Tayo LL, Chen SH, Higuchi A, Deratani A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Quemener D, Chang Y. A Zwitterionic-Shielded Carrier with pH-Modulated Reversible Self-Assembly for Gene Transfection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1914-1926. [PMID: 28147481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cationic vectors are ideal candidates for gene delivery thanks to their capability to carry large gene inserts and their scalable production. However, their cationic density gives rise to high cytotoxicity. We present the proper designed core-shell polyplexes made of either poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) or poly(2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) as the core and zwitterionic poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PAA-b-PSBMA) diblock copolymer as the shell. Gel retardation and ethidium bromide displacement assays were used to determine the PEI/DNA or PDMAEMA/DNA complexation. At neutral pH, the copolymer serves as a protective shell of the complex. As PSBMA is a nonfouling block, the shell reduced the cytotoxicity and enhanced the hemocompatibility (lower hemolysis activity, longer plasma clotting time) of the gene carriers. PAA segments in the copolymer impart pH sensitivity by allowing deshielding of the core in acidic solution. Therefore, the transfection efficiency of polyplexes at pH 6.5 was better than at pH 7.0, from β-galactosidase assay, and for all PAA-b-PSBMA tested. These results were supported by more favorable physicochemical properties in acidic solution (zeta potential, particle size, and interactions between the polymer and DNA). Thus, the results of this study offer a potential route to the development of efficient and nontoxic pH-sensitive gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuju Shih
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Antoine Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapúa Institute of Technology , Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Sheng-Han Chen
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andre Deratani
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Universite Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damien Quemener
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Universite Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pezzoli D, Tarsini P, Melone L, Candiani G. RGD-derivatized PEI-PEG copolymers: Influence of the degree of substitution on the targeting behavior. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nano-biomimetic carriers are implicated in mechanistic evaluation of intracellular gene delivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41507. [PMID: 28128339 PMCID: PMC5269746 DOI: 10.1038/srep41507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tissue specific non-viral carriers have been developed for gene delivery purposes. However, the inability to escape endosomes, undermines the efficacy of these carriers. Researchers inspired by HIV and influenza virus, have randomly used Gp41 and H5WYG fusogenic peptides in several gene delivery systems without any rational preference. Here for the first time, we have genetically engineered two Nano-biomimetic carriers composed of either HWYG (HNH) or Gp41 (GNH) that precisely provide identical conditions for the study and evaluation of these fusogenic peptides. The luciferase assay demonstrated a two-fold higher transfection efficiency of HNH compared to GNH. These nanocarriers also displayed equivalent properties in terms of DNA binding ability and DNA protection against serum nucleases and formed similar nanoparticles in terms of surface charge and size. Interestingly, hemolysis and cellular analysis demonstrated both of nanoparticles internalized into cells in similar rate and escaped from endosome with different efficiency. Furthermore, the structural analysis revealed the mechanisms responsible for the superior endosomal escaping capability of H5WYG. In conclusion, this study describes the rationale for using H5WYG peptide to deliver nucleic acids and suggests that using nano-biomimetic carriers to screen different endosomal release peptides, improves gene delivery significantly.
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Sessions JW, Skousen CS, Price KD, Hanks BW, Hope S, Alder JK, Jensen BD. CRISPR-Cas9 directed knock-out of a constitutively expressed gene using lance array nanoinjection. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1521. [PMID: 27652094 PMCID: PMC5017990 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and labeling has emerged as an important tool in biologic research, particularly in regards to potential transgenic and gene therapy applications. Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids to target cells is typically done by non-viral methods (chemical, physical, and/or electrical), which are limited by low transfection efficiencies or with viral vectors, which are limited by safety and restricted volume size. In this work, a non-viral transfection technology, named lance array nanoinjection (LAN), utilizes a microfabricated silicon chip to physically and electrically deliver genetic material to large numbers of target cells. To demonstrate its utility, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit the genome of isogenic cells. Two variables related to the LAN process were tested which include the magnitude of current used during plasmid attraction to the silicon lance array (1.5, 4.5, or 6.0 mA) and the number of times cells were injected (one or three times). Results Results indicate that most successful genome editing occurred after injecting three times at a current control setting of 4.5 mA, reaching a median level of 93.77 % modification. Furthermore, we found that genome editing using LAN follows a non-linear injection-dose response, meaning samples injected three times had modification rates as high as nearly 12 times analogously treated single injected samples. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the LAN’s ability to deliver genetic material to cells and indicate that successful alteration of the genome is influenced by a serial injection method as well as the electrical current settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Sessions
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Craig S Skousen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Kevin D Price
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Brad W Hanks
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Sandra Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Brian D Jensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
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Promoter, transgene, and cell line effects in the transfection of mammalian cells using PDMAEMA-based nano-stars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:53-61. [PMID: 28352540 PMCID: PMC5042300 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
4 cell lines, 4 promoters, and 3 gene products were studied, i.e. 48 combinations. Distinct cell line depended effects were observed. Jurkat cell results tended to differ from that obtained with the other cells. Co-transfection works well in CHO cells, but fails in up to 80% of Jurkat cells. High transfection efficiency in CHO and HEK cells is maintained in spite of pDNA dilution.
Non-viral transfection protocols are typically optimized using standard cells and reporter proteins, potentially underestimating cellular or transgene effects. Here such effects were studied for two human (Jurkat, HEK-293) and two rodent (CHO-K1, L929) cell lines and three fluorescent reporter proteins. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was studied under the control of the human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter and three viral promoters (SV40, SV40/enhancer, CMV), that of ZsYellow1 (yellow fluorescence) and mCherry (red fluorescence) for the CMV promoter. Results varied with the cell line, in particular for the Jurkat cells. Pair-wise co-transfection of the CMV controlled transgenes resulted in a significant fraction of monochromatic cells (EGFP for EGFP/YFP and EGFP/RFP co-transfections, YFP in case of YFP/RFP co-transfections). Only Jurkat cells were almost incapable of expressing YFP. Dilution of the plasmid DNA with a non-expressed plasmid showed cell line dependent effects on transfection efficiency and/or expression levels.
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40
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Raup A, Stahlschmidt U, Jérôme V, Synatschke CV, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Influence of Polyplex Formation on the Performance of Star-Shaped Polycationic Transfection Agents for Mammalian Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8060224. [PMID: 30979314 PMCID: PMC6432395 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic modification (“transfection”) of mammalian cells using non-viral, synthetic agents such as polycations, is still a challenge. Polyplex formation between the DNA and the polycation is a decisive step in such experiments. Star-shaped polycations have been proposed as superior transfection agents, yet have never before been compared side-by-side, e.g., in view of structural effects. Herein four star-shaped polycationic structures, all based on (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) building blocks, were investigated for their potential to deliver DNA to adherent (CHO, L929, HEK-293) and non-adherent (Jurkat, primary human T lymphocytes) mammalian cells. The investigated vectors included three structures where the PDMAEMA arms (different arm length and grafting densities) had been grown from a center silsesquioxane or silica-coated γ-Fe2O3-core and one micellar structure self-assembled from poly(1,2-butadiene)-block PDMAEMA polymers. All nano-stars combined high transfection potential with excellent biocompatibility. The micelles slightly outperformed the covalently linked agents. For method development and optimization, the absolute amount of polycation added to the cells was more important than the N/P-ratio (ratio between polycation nitrogen and DNA phosphate), provided a lower limit was passed and enough polycation was present to overcompensate the negative charge of the plasmid DNA. Finally, the matrix (NaCl vs. HEPES-buffered glucose solution), but also the concentrations adjusted during polyplex formation, affected the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Raup
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Christopher V Synatschke
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA.
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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41
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Liu J, Hennink WE, van Steenbergen MJ, Zhuo R, Jiang X. Versatile Supramolecular Gene Vector Based on Host–Guest Interaction. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1143-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research
Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital,
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mies J. van Steenbergen
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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42
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Molla MR, Levkin PA. Combinatorial Approach to Nanoarchitectonics for Nonviral Delivery of Nucleic Acids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1159-1175. [PMID: 26608939 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on cationic polymers, lipids or lipidoids are of great interest in the field of gene delivery applications. The research on these nanosystems is rapidly growing as they hold promise to treat wide variety of human diseases ranging from viral infections to genetic disorders and cancer. Recently, combinatorial design principles have been adopted for rapid generation of large numbers of chemically diverse polymers and lipids capable of forming multifunctional nanocarriers for the use in gene delivery applications. At the same time, current high-throughput screening systems as well as convenient cell assays and readout techniques allow for fast evaluation of cell transfection efficiencies and toxicities of libraries of novel gene delivery agents. This allows for a rapid evaluation of structure-function relationship as well as identification of novel efficient nanocarriers for cell transfection and gene therapy. Here, the recent contribution of high-throughput synthesis to the development of novel nanocarriers for gene delivery applications is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Applied Physical Chemistry, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Hill AB, Chen M, Chen CK, Pfeifer BA, Jones CH. Overcoming Gene-Delivery Hurdles: Physiological Considerations for Nonviral Vectors. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:91-105. [PMID: 26727153 PMCID: PMC5800990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the use of contemporary tools and techniques, it has become possible to more precisely tune the biochemical mechanisms associated with using nonviral vectors for gene delivery. Consequently, nonviral vectors can incorporate numerous vector compositions and types of genetic cargo to develop diverse genetic therapies. Despite these advantages, gene-delivery strategies using nonviral vectors have poorly translated into clinical success due to preclinical experimental design considerations that inadequately predict therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the manufacturing and distribution processes are critical considerations for clinical application that should be considered when developing therapeutic platforms. In this review, we evaluate potential avenues towards improving the transition of gene-delivery technologies from in vitro assessment to human clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Hill
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, BY, USA
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Blaine A Pfeifer
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, BY, USA.
| | - Charles H Jones
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, BY, USA.
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44
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Pflueger I, Charrat C, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM, Di Giorgio C, Benito JM. Cyclodextrin-based facial amphiphiles: assessing the impact of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance in the self-assembly, DNA complexation and gene delivery capabilities. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10037-10049. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01882c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise tailoring of cationic and lipophilic domains of cyclodextrin-based amphiphiles permits the control of their self-assembling and gene delivery capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pflueger
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Coralie Charrat
- Institut de Chimie Nice
- UMR 7272
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- F-06108 Nice
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | | | | | - Juan M. Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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45
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Tang M, Dong H, Li Y, Ren T. Harnessing the PEG-cleavable strategy to balance cytotoxicity, intracellular release and the therapeutic effect of dendrigraft poly-l-lysine for cancer gene therapy. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1284-1295. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disulfide-bridged PEG-cleavable strategy was developed to balance cytotoxicity, cellular release and the therapeutic effect of dendrigraft poly-l-lysine for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- School of Material Science and Engineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO)
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO)
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Tianbin Ren
- School of Material Science and Engineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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46
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Liu S, Huang W, Jin MJ, Fan B, Xia GM, Gao ZG. Inhibition of murine breast cancer growth and metastasis by survivin-targeted siRNA using disulfide cross-linked linear PEI. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 82:171-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Tang M, Dong H, Cai X, Zhu H, Ren T, Li Y. Disulfide-Bridged Cleavable PEGylation of Poly-L-Lysine for SiRNA Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1364:49-61. [PMID: 26472441 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3112-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineered PEG-cleavable catiomers based on poly-L-lysine have been developed as nonviral gene vectors, which have been found to be one of important methods to balance "PEG dilemma." In this protocol, we aim at the standardization of the method and procedure of PEG-cleavable catiomers. Major steps including ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (zLL-NCA) monomers to yield PEG-cleavable polylysine, examination on bio-stability and bio-efficacy of its gene complexes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianbin Ren
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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48
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Mendrek B, Sieroń Ł, Żymełka-Miara I, Binkiewicz P, Libera M, Smet M, Trzebicka B, Sieroń AL, Kowalczuk A, Dworak A. Nonviral Plasmid DNA Carriers Based on N,N'-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate and Di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate Star Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3275-85. [PMID: 26375579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Star polymers with random and block copolymer arms made of cationic N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and nonionic di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used for the delivery of plasmid DNA in gene therapy. All stars were able to form polyplexes with plasmid DNA. The structure and size of the polyplexes were precisely determined using light scattering and cryo-TEM microscopy. The hydrodynamic radius of a complex of DNA with star was dependent on the architecture of the star arms, the DEGMA content and the number of amino groups in the star compared to the number of phosphate groups of the nucleic acid (N/P ratio). The smallest polyplexes (Rh90°∼50 nm) with positive zeta potentials (∼15 mV) were formed of stars with N/P=6. The introduction of DEGMA into the star structure caused a decrease of polyplex cytotoxicity in comparison to DMAEMA homopolymer stars. The overall transfection efficiency using HT-1080 cells showed that the studied systems are prospective gene delivery agents. The most promising results were obtained for stars with random copolymer arms of high DEGMA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sieroń
- Department of General, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia , Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Żymełka-Miara
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paulina Binkiewicz
- University of Occupational Safety Management in Katowice , ul. Bankowa 8, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200F, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Department of General, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia , Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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49
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Studies of the physicochemical and structural properties of self-assembling cationic pyridine derivatives as gene delivery agents. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 191:25-37. [PMID: 26272034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New amphiphilic pyridine derivatives containing dodecyloxycarbonyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 and cationic moieties at positions 2 and 6 have been designed and synthesised. Compounds of this type can be considered as synthetic lipids. The corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives have earlier been proposed as a promising tool for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery in vitro. In this work studies of the self-assembling properties of amphiphilic pyridine derivatives leading to the formation of liposomes, determination of particle size, zeta-potential and critical micelle concentration (CMC) with dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements are described. Furthermore, thermal analysis of pyridine derivatives was performed using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) as well as the ability to deliver the pEGFP-C1 plasmid DNA (that encodes GFP reporter) into the Baby hamster kidney-derived (BHK-21) cell line was used for evaluation of gene delivery properties. We have revealed that the new pyridine derivatives possessed self-assembling properties which were proved by formation of nanoparticles with the average size from 115 to 743nm, the zeta-potentials in the range of 48-79mV and CMC values in the range of 2-67μM. DTA data showed that all processes were endothermic for all compounds. Additionally, we established that among the tested pyridines the representatives with N-methylpyrrolidinium or pyridinium moieties as cationic head-group at the positions 2 and 6 possessed higher pEGFP-C1 transfection activity into the BHK-21 cell line. Nevertheless, the obtained results indicated that correlation of the physicochemical, structural properties and gene delivery activities of the tested compounds were not completely elucidated yet. On the other hand, the synthesised pyridines as possible metabolites of promising delivery systems on the 1,4-DHP core possessed lower pDNA transfection activity than the corresponding 1,4-DHP amphiphiles.
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50
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Fortier C, Louvier E, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Tailoring the Surface of a Gene Delivery Vector with Carboxymethylated Dextran: A Systematic Analysis. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1671-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fortier
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies
Biomédicales (GRSTB), École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O.
Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal (QC), Canada H3C 3A7
- Life Sciences
- NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montreal-Royalmount,
National Research Council Canada, Montreal (QC), Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Elodie Louvier
- Life Sciences
- NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montreal-Royalmount,
National Research Council Canada, Montreal (QC), Canada H4P 2R2
- Département
de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Yves Durocher
- Life Sciences
- NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montreal-Royalmount,
National Research Council Canada, Montreal (QC), Canada H4P 2R2
- Département
de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies
Biomédicales (GRSTB), École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O.
Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal (QC), Canada H3C 3A7
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