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Chudal L, Santelli J, Lux J, Woodward A, Hafeez N, Endsley C, Garland S, Mattrey RF, de Gracia Lux C. In Vivo Ultrasound Imaging of Macrophages Using Acoustic Vaporization of Internalized Superheated Nanodroplets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42413-42423. [PMID: 37650753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Activating patients' immune cells, either by reengineering them or treating them with bioactive molecules, has been a breakthrough in the field of immunotherapy and has revolutionized treatment, especially against cancer. As immune cells naturally home to tumors or injured tissues, labeling such cells holds promise for non-invasive tracking and biologic manipulation. Our study demonstrates that macrophages loaded with extremely low boiling point perfluorocarbon nanodroplets not only survive ultrasound-induced phase change but also maintain their phagocytic function. Unlike observations made when using higher boiling point perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, our results show that phase change occurs intracellularly at a low mechanical index using a clinical scanner operating within the energy limit set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). After nanodroplet-loaded macrophages were given intravenously to nude rats, they were invisible in the liver when imaged at a very low mechanical index using a clinical ultrasound scanner. They became visible when power was increased but still within the FDA limits up to 8 h after administration. The acoustic labeling and in vivo detection of macrophages using a clinical ultrasound scanner represent a paradigm shift in the field of cell tracking and pave the way for potential therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Chudal
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Julien Santelli
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Adam Woodward
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nazia Hafeez
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Connor Endsley
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Shea Garland
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Saini S, Vanherwegen AS, Liang S, Verbeke R, Korf H, Lentacker I, De Smedt SC, Gysemans C, Himmelreich U. Fluorine MR Imaging Probes Dynamic Migratory Profiles of Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Dendritic Cells After Streptozotocin-Induced Inflammation. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:321-332. [PMID: 35060024 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves presentation of islet-specific self-antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) to autoreactive T cells, resulting in the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. We aimed to study the dynamic homing of diabetes-prone DCs to the pancreas and nearby organs with and without induction of pancreatic stress in a T1D susceptible model of repeated streptozotocin (STZ) injection. PROCEDURES In vitro labeling of activated bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from NOD (Nonobese diabetes) mice was performed using zonyl perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether nanoparticles (ZPFCE-NPs). Internalization of particles was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Two groups of NOD.SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency) mice with (induced by low dose STZ administration) or without pancreatic stress were compared. Diabetogenic BMDCs loaded with BDC2.5 mimotope were pre-labeled with ZPFCE-NPs and adoptively transferred into mice. Longitudinal in vivo fluorine MRI (19F MRI) was performed 24 h, 36 h and 48 h after transfer of BMDCs. For ex vivo quantification of labeled cells, 19F NMR and flow cytometry were performed on dissected tissues to validate in vivo 19F MRI data. RESULTS In vitro flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed high uptake of nanoparticles in BMDCs during the process of maturation. Migration/homing of activated and ZPFCE-NP- labeled BMDCs to different organs was monitored and quantified longitudinally, showing highest cell density in pancreas at 48-h time-point. Based on 19F MRI, STZ induced mild inflammation in the pancreatic region, as indicated by high accumulation of ZPFCE-NP-labeled BMDCs in the pancreas when compared to the vehicle group. Pancreatic draining lymph nodes showed elevated homing of labeled BMDCs in the vehicle groups in contrast to the STZ group after 72 h. The effect of STZ was confirmed by increased blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION We showed the potential of 19F MRI for the non-invasive visualization and quantification of migrating immune cells in models for pancreatic inflammation after STZ administration. Without any intrinsic background signal, 19F MRI serves as a highly specific imaging tool to study the migration of diabetic-prone BMDCs in T1D models in vivo. This approach could particularly be of interest for the longitudinal assessment of established or novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Saini
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Rein Verbeke
- General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Bulte JWM, Shakeri-Zadeh A. In Vivo MRI Tracking of Tumor Vaccination and Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:198-207. [PMID: 34581954 PMCID: PMC8477715 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccination using tumor antigen-primed dendritic cells (DCs) was introduced in the clinic some 25 years ago, but the overall outcome has not lived up to initial expectations. In addition to the complexity of the immune response, there are many factors that determine the efficacy of DC therapy. These include accurate administration of DCs in the target tissue site without unwanted cell dispersion/backflow, sufficient numbers of tumor antigen-primed DCs homing to lymph nodes (LNs), and proper timing of immunoadjuvant administration. To address these uncertainties, proton (1H) and fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking of ex vivo pre-labeled DCs can now be used to non-invasively determine the accuracy of therapeutic DC injection, initial DC dispersion, systemic DC distribution, and DC migration to and within LNs. Magnetovaccination is an alternative approach that tracks in vivo labeled DCs that simultaneously capture tumor antigen and MR contrast agent in situ, enabling an accurate quantification of antigen presentation to T cells in LNs. The ultimate clinical premise of MRI DC tracking would be to use changes in LN MRI signal as an early imaging biomarker to predict the efficacy of tumor vaccination and anti-tumor response long before treatment outcome becomes apparent, which may aid clinicians with interim treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
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4
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Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020382. [PMID: 35214114 PMCID: PMC8874484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize, especially from studies over the last decade, the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
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Mali A, Kaijzel EL, Lamb HJ, Cruz LJ. 19F-nanoparticles: Platform for in vivo delivery of fluorinated biomaterials for 19F-MRI. J Control Release 2021; 338:870-889. [PMID: 34492234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features one of the most investigated and innovative techniques for quantitative and unambiguous cell tracking, providing information for both localization and number of cells. Because of the relative insensitivity of the MRI technique, a high number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms are required to gain detectable signals. However, an increased amount of 19F nuclei induces low solubility in aqueous solutions, making fluorine-based probes not suitable for in vivo imaging applications. In this context, nanoparticle-based platforms play a crucial role, since nanoparticles may carry a high payload of 19F-based contrast agents into the relevant cells or tissues, increase the imaging agents biocompatibility, and provide a highly versatile platform. In this review, we present an overview of the 19F-based nanoprobes for sensitive 19F-MRI, focusing on the main nanotechnologies employed to date, such as fluorine and theranostic nanovectors, including their design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvja Mali
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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6
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Kolouchova K, Groborz O, Cernochova Z, Skarkova A, Brabek J, Rosel D, Svec P, Starcuk Z, Slouf M, Hruby M. Thermo- and ROS-Responsive Self-Assembled Polymer Nanoparticle Tracers for 19F MRI Theranostics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2325-2337. [PMID: 33881829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) enables detailed in vivo tracking of fluorine-containing tracers and is therefore becoming a particularly useful tool in noninvasive medical imaging. In previous studies, we introduced biocompatible polymers based on the hydrophilic monomer N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and the thermoresponsive monomer N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide (DFEA). These polymers have abundant magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms and advantageous properties as 19F MRI tracers. Furthermore, in this pilot study, we modified these polymers by introducing a redox-responsive monomer. As a result, our polymers changed their physicochemical properties once exposed to an oxidative environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymers were prepared by incorporating small amounts (0.9-4.5 mol %) of the N-[2-(ferrocenylcarboxamido)ethyl]acrylamide (FcCEA) monomer, which is hydrophobic and diamagnetic in the reduced electroneutral (Fe(II), ferrocene) state but hydrophilic and paramagnetic in the oxidized (Fe(III), ferrocenium cation) state. This property can be useful for theranostic purposes (therapy and diagnostic purposes), especially, in terms of ROS-responsive drug-delivery systems. In the reduced state, these nanoparticles remain self-assembled with the encapsulated drug but release the drug upon oxidation in ROS-rich tumors or inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zulfiya Cernochova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Skarkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zenon Starcuk
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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7
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Ren L, Chen S, Jiang W, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Xiao L, McMahon MT, Xin L, Zhou X. Efficient temperature-feedback liposome for 19F MRI signal enhancement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14427-14430. [PMID: 33146184 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new non-encapsulated fluorinated liposome (TSL) was developed, which showed instantaneous temperature-induced 19F MR signal enhancement and excellent stability under reversible signal transition at different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ren
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Bouvain P, Temme S, Flögel U. Hot spot 19 F magnetic resonance imaging of inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1639. [PMID: 32380579 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the preclinical molecular imaging approaches, lately fluorine (19 F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community, due to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19 F nucleus. Fluorine is an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI-there is negligible endogenous 19 F in the body and, thus, no background signal which allows the detection of fluorinated materials as "hot spots" by combined 1 H/19 F MRI and renders fluorine-containing molecules as ideal tracers with high specificity. In addition, perfluorocarbons are a family of compounds that exhibit a very high fluorine payload and are biochemically as well as physiologically inert. Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) are well known to be readily taken up by immunocompetent cells, which can be exploited for the unequivocal identification of inflammatory foci by tracking the recruitment of PFC-loaded immune cells to affected tissues using 1 H/19 F MRI. The required 19 F labeling of immune cells can be accomplished either ex vivo by PFC incubation of isolated endogenous immune cells followed by their re-injection or by intravenous application of PFCs for in situ uptake by circulating immune cells. With both approaches, inflamed tissues can unambiguously be detected via background-free 19 F signals due to trafficking of PFC-loaded immune cells to affected organs. To extend 19 F MRI tracking beyond cells with phagocytic properties, the PFC surface can further be equipped with distinct ligands to generate specificity against epitopes and/or types of immune cells independent of phagocytosis. Recent developments also allow for concurrent detection of different PFCs with distinct spectral signatures allowing the simultaneous visualization of several targets, such as various immune cell subtypes labeled with these PFCs. Since ligands and targets can easily be adapted to a variety of problems, this approach provides a general and versatile platform for inflammation imaging which will strongly extend the frontiers of molecular MRI. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Saini S, Poelmans J, Korf H, Dooley JL, Liang S, Manshian BB, Verbeke R, Soenen SJ, Vande Velde G, Lentacker I, Lagrou K, Liston A, Gysemans C, De Smedt SC, Himmelreich U. Longitudinal In Vivo Assessment of Host-Microbe Interactions in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Aspergillosis. iScience 2019; 20:184-194. [PMID: 31581067 PMCID: PMC6817634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is ubiquitous in nature and the most common cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with a compromised immune system. The development of IPA in patients under immunosuppressive treatment or in patients with primary immunodeficiency demonstrates the importance of the host immune response in controlling aspergillosis. However, study of the host-microbe interaction has been hampered by the lack of tools for their non-invasive assessment. We developed a methodology to study the response of the host's immune system against IPA longitudinally in vivo by using fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI). We showed the advantage of a perfluorocarbon-based contrast agent for the in vivo labeling of macrophages and dendritic cells, permitting quantification of pulmonary inflammation in different murine IPA models. Our findings reveal the potential of 19F MRI for the assessment of rapid kinetics of innate immune response against IPA and the permissive niche generated through immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Saini
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Poelmans
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L Dooley
- Laboratory of Genetics of Autoimmunity (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Genetics of Autoimmunity (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Lambert E, Janjic JM. Multiple linear regression applied to predicting droplet size of complex perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for biomedical applications. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:700-710. [PMID: 30724654 PMCID: PMC10182475 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1578372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling as a novel methodological advancement for design, development, and optimization of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFC NEs) is presented. The goal of the presented work is to develop MLR methods applicable to design, development, and optimization of PFC NEs in broad range of biomedical uses. Depending on the intended use of PFC NEs as either therapeutics or diagnostics, NE composition differs in respect to specific applications (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, etc). PFC NE composition can significantly impact on PFC NE droplet size which impacts the NE performance and quality. We demonstrated earlier that microfluidization combined with sonication produces stable emulsions with high level of reproducibility. The goal of the presented work was to establish correlation between droplet size and composition in complex PFC-in-oil-in-water NEs while manufacturing process parameters are kept constant. Under these conditions, we demonstrate that MLR model can predict droplet size based on formulation variables such as amount and type of PFC oil and hydrocarbon oil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where PFC NE composition was directly related to its colloidal properties and MLR used to predict colloidal properties from composition variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lambert
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Duquesne University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Jelena M Janjic
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Duquesne University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
- b Chronic Pain Research Consortium , Duquesne University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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11
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Liang S, Louchami K, Holvoet B, Verbeke R, Deroose CM, Manshian B, Soenen SJ, Lentacker I, Himmelreich U. Tri-modal In vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islets Transplanted Subcutaneously in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:940-951. [PMID: 29671177 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transplantation of pancreatic islets (PIs) is a promising therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes. The main obstacle for this strategy is that the outcome of islet engraftment depends on the engraftment site. It was our aim to develop a strategy for using non-invasive imaging techniques to assess the location and fate of transplanted PIs longitudinally in vivo. PROCEDURES In order to overcome the limitations of individual imaging techniques and cross-validate findings by different modalities, we have combined fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (F-19 MRI), fluorescence imaging (FLI), and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) for studying subcutaneously transplanted PIs and beta cell-like cells (INS-1E cell line) in vivo. We optimized the transduction (using lentiviral vectors) and labeling procedures (using perfluoro crown ether nanoparticles with a fluorescence dye) for PIs and INS-1E cell imaging. RESULTS The feasibility of using the proposed imaging methods for PI assessment was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggested that F-19 MRI is suitable for high-resolution localization of transplanted cells and PIs; FLI is essential for confirmation of contrast localization by histology; and BLI is a reliable method to assess cell viability and survival after transplantation. No significant side effects on cell viability and function have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tri-modal imaging platform is a valuable approach for the assessment of engrafted PIs in vivo. It is potentially suitable for comparing different transplantation sites and evaluating novel strategies for improving PI transplantation technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Karim Louchami
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bryan Holvoet
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bella Manshian
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Xiang Y, Bernards N, Hoang B, Zheng J, Matsuura N. Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets can reoxygenate hypoxic tumors in vivo without carbogen breathing. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:135-144. [PMID: 31008022 PMCID: PMC6470341 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets have enormous potential as clinical theranostic agents. They are biocompatible and are currently used in vivo as contrast agents for a variety of medical imaging modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomography, photoacoustic and 19F-magnetic resonance imaging. PFC nanodroplets can also carry molecular and nanoparticulate drugs and be activated in situ by ultrasound or light for targeted therapy. Recently, there has been renewed interest in using PFC nanodroplets for hypoxic tumor reoxygenation towards radiosensitization based on the high oxygen solubility of PFCs. Previous studies showed that tumor oxygenation using PFC agents only occurs in combination with enhanced oxygen breathing. However, recent studies suggest that PFC agents that accumulate in solid tumors can contribute to radiosensitization, presumably due to tumor reoxygenation without enhanced oxygen breathing. In this study, we quantify the impact of oxygenation due to PFC nanodroplet accumulation in tumors alone in comparison with other reoxygenation methodologies, in particular, carbogen breathing. Methods: Lipid-stabilized, PFC (i.e., perfluorooctyl bromide, CF3(CF2)7Br, PFOB) nanoscale droplets were synthesized and evaluated in xenograft prostate (DU145) tumors in male mice. Biodistribution assessment of the nanodroplets was achieved using a fluorescent lipophilic indocarbocyanine dye label (i.e., DiI dye) on the lipid shell in combination with fluorescence imaging in mice (n≥3 per group). Hypoxia reduction in tumors was measured using PET imaging and a known hypoxia radiotracer, [18F]FAZA (n≥ 3 per group). Results: Lipid-stabilized nanoscale PFOB emulsions (mean diameter of ~250 nm), accumulated in the xenograft prostate tumors in mice 24 hours post-injection. In vivo PET imaging with [18F]FAZA showed that the accumulation of the PFOB nanodroplets in the tumor tissues alone significantly reduced tumor hypoxia, without enhanced oxygen (i.e., carbogen) breathing. This reoxygenation effect was found to be comparable with carbogen breathing alone. Conclusion: Accumulation of nanoscale PFOB agents in solid tumors alone successfully reoxygenated hypoxic tumors to levels comparable with carbogen breathing alone, an established tumor oxygenation method. This study confirms that PFC agents can be used to reoxygenate hypoxic tumors in addition to their current applications as multifunctional theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bernards
- TECHNA Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Hoang
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- TECHNA Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinzi Zheng
- TECHNA Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi Matsuura
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Herynek V, Martinisková M, Bobrova Y, Gálisová A, Kotek J, Hermann P, Koucký F, Jirák D, Hájek M. Low-molecular-weight paramagnetic 19F contrast agents for fluorine magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:115-122. [PMID: 30498883 PMCID: PMC6514088 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective 19F MRI requires biocompatible and non-toxic soluble contrast agents with high fluorine content and with suitable 19F relaxation times. Probes based on a DOTP chelate with 12 magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (DOTP-tfe) and a lanthanide(III) ion shortening the relaxation times were prepared and tested. Methods Complexes of DOTP-tfe with trivalent paramagnetic Ce, Dy, Ho, Tm, and Yb ions were synthetized and characterized. 19F relaxation times were determined and compared to those of the La complex and of the empty ligand. In vitro and in vivo 19F MRI was performed at 4.7 T. Results 19F relaxation times strongly depended on the chelated lanthanide(III) ion. T1 ranged from 6.5 to 287 ms, T2 from 3.9 to 124.4 ms, and T2* from 1.1 to 3.1 ms. All complexes in combination with optimized sequences provided sufficient signal in vitro under conditions mimicking experiments in vivo (concentrations 1.25 mM, 15-min scanning time). As a proof of concept, two contrast agents were injected into the rat muscle; 19F MRI in vivo confirmed the in vivo applicability of the probe. Conclusion DOTP-based 19F probes showed suitable properties for in vitro and in vivo visualization and biological applications. The lanthanide(III) ions enabled us to shorten the relaxation times and to trim the probes according to the actual needs. Similar to the clinically approved Gd3+ chelates, this customized probe design ensures consistent biochemical properties and similar safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Herynek
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague, Czech Republic.
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Martinisková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yulia Bobrova
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Gálisová
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hájek
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Chapelin F, Capitini CM, Ahrens ET. Fluorine-19 MRI for detection and quantification of immune cell therapy for cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:105. [PMID: 30305175 PMCID: PMC6180584 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, immune cell therapy has emerged as a potent treatment for multiple cancers, first through groundbreaking leukemia therapy, and more recently, by tackling solid tumors. Developing successful therapeutic strategies using live cells could benefit from the ability to rapidly determine their in vivo biodistribution and persistence. Assaying cell biodistribution is unconventional compared to traditional small molecule drug pharmacokinetic readouts used in the pharmaceutical pipeline, yet this information is critical towards understanding putative therapeutic outcomes and modes of action. Towards this goal, efforts are underway to visualize and quantify immune cell therapy in vivo using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Cell labeling probes based on perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions, paired with fluorine-19 MRI detection, enables background-free quantification of cell localization and survival. Here, we highlight recent preclinical and clinical uses of perfluorocarbon probes and 19F MRI for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) studies employing experimental T lymphocytes, NK, PBMC, and dendritic cell therapies. We assess the forward looking potential of this emerging imaging technology to aid discovery and preclinical phases, as well as clinical trials. The limitations and barriers towards widespread adoption of this technology, as well as alternative imaging strategies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chapelin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California of San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0695, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, USA.
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15
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Swider E, Staal AHJ, Koen van Riessen N, Jacobs L, White PB, Fokkink R, Janssen GJ, van Dinther E, Figdor CG, de Vries IJ, Koshkina O, Srinivas M. Design of triphasic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing a perfluorocarbon phase for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6460-6470. [PMID: 35540375 PMCID: PMC9078287 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles are very widely used, particularly for drug delivery, including commercial clinical formulations. Adding perfluorocarbon (PFC) enables in vivo imaging and quantification of the PLGA particles through 19F NMR, MRS or MRI. PFCs are both hydrophobic and lipophobic at the same time. This property makes their encapsulation in particles challenging, as it requires the addition of a third immiscible phase during the emulsification process. Here we explore how different parameters affect the miniemulsion formation of particles loaded with perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE). By changing the concentration of surfactant and type of solvent, we were able to control the radius of synthesized particles, between 85–200 nm. We assessed stability and release from the particles at different pH values, showing that hydrophobic agents are released from the particles by diffusion rather than degradation. With cell experiments, we show that primary human dendritic cells take up the particles without any apparent effect, including on cell migration. In summary, the control of synthesis conditions leads to particles with sufficient PFCE encapsulation, which are suitable for drug loading and cell labeling, and do not affect cell viability or functionality. Finally, these nanoparticles can be produced at GMP-grade for clinical use. The influence of different synthesis parameters on the characteristics of polymeric particles with a third perfluorocarbon phase.![]()
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16
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Liang S, Dresselaers T, Louchami K, Zhu C, Liu Y, Himmelreich U. Comparison of different compressed sensing algorithms for low SNR 19 F MRI applications-Imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets and cells labeled with perfluorocarbons. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3776. [PMID: 28841762 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a possible treatment option for patients suffering from Type I diabetes. In vivo imaging of transplanted islets is important for assessment of the transplantation site and islet distribution. Thanks to its high specificity, the absence of intrinsic background signal in tissue and its potential for quantification, 19 F MRI is a promising technique for monitoring the fate of transplanted islets in vivo. In order to overcome the inherent low sensitivity of 19 F MRI, leading to long acquisition times with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), compressed sensing (CS) techniques are a valuable option. We have validated and compared different CS algorithms for acceleration of 19 F MRI acquisition in a low SNR regime using pancreatic islets labeled with perfluorocarbons both in vitro and in vivo. Using offline simulation on both in vitro and in vivo low SNR fully sampled 19 F MRI datasets of labeled islets, we have shown that CS is effective in reducing the image acquisition time by a factor of three to four without seriously affecting SNR, regardless of the particular algorithms used in this study, with the exception of CoSaMP. Using CS, signals can be detected that might have been missed by conventional 19 F MRI. Among different algorithms (SPARSEMRI, OMMP, IRWL1, Two-level and CoSAMP), the two-level l1 method has shown the best performance if computational time is taken into account. We have demonstrated in this study that different existing CS algorithms can be used effectively for low SNR 19 F MRI. An up to fourfold gain in SNR/scan time could be used either to reduce the scan time, which is beneficial for clinical and translational applications, or to increase the number of averages, to potentially detect otherwise undetected signal when compared with conventional 19 F MRI acquisitions. Potential applications in the field of cell therapy have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karim Louchami
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ce Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering/Center for Information in Medicine/Center for Robotics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yipeng Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering/Center for Information in Medicine/Center for Robotics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Janjic JM, Gorantla VS. Peripheral Nerve Nanoimaging: Monitoring Treatment and Regeneration. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1304-1316. [PMID: 28779380 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accidental and iatrogenic trauma are major causes of peripheral nerve injury. Healing after nerve injury is complex and often incomplete, which can lead to acute or chronic pain and functional impairment. Current assessment methods for nerve regeneration lack sensitivity and objectivity. There is a need for reliable and reproducible, noninvasive strategies with adequate spatial and temporal resolution for longitudinal evaluation of degeneration or regeneration after injury/treatment. Methods for noninvasive monitoring of the efficacy and effectiveness of neurotherapeutics in nerve regeneration or of neuropathic pain are needed to ensure adequacy and responsiveness to management, especially given the large variability in the patient populations, etiologies, and complexity of nerve injuries. Surrogate biomarkers are needed with positive predictive correlation for the dynamics and kinetics of neuroregeneration. They can provide direct real-time insight into the efficacy and mechanisms of individualized therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the state-of-the-art tools, technologies, and therapies in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration as well as provide perspectives for the future. We present compelling evidence that advancements in nanomedicine and innovation in nanotechnology such as nanotheranostics hold groundbreaking potential as paradigm shifts in noninvasive peripheral nerve imaging and drug delivery. Nanotechnology, which revolutionized molecular imaging in cancer and inflammatory disease, can be used to delineate dynamic molecular imaging signatures of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration while simultaneously monitoring cellular or tissue response to drug therapy. We believe that current clinical successes of nanotechnology can and should be adopted and adapted to the science of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena M Janjic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 415 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA. .,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 1602 E. Carson Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15203, USA.
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Departments of Surgery, Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
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18
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Capece S, Domenici F, Brasili F, Oddo L, Cerroni B, Bedini A, Bordi F, Chiessi E, Paradossi G. Complex interfaces in "phase-change" contrast agents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:8378-88. [PMID: 26931337 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07538f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the study of the interface of hybrid shell droplets encapsulating decafluoropentane (DFP), which exhibit interesting potentialities for ultrasound (US) imaging. The fabrication of the droplets is based on the deposition of a dextran methacrylate layer onto the surface of surfactants. The droplets have been stabilized against coalescence by UV curing, introducing crosslinks in the polymer layer and transforming the shell into an elastomeric membrane with a thickness of about 300 nm with viscoelastic behaviour. US irradiation induces the evaporation of the DFP core of the droplets transforming the particles into microbubbles (MBs). The presence of a robust crosslinked polymer shell introduces an unusual stability of the droplets also during the core phase transition and allows the recovery of the initial droplet state after a few minutes from switching off US. The interfacial tension of the droplets has been investigated by two approaches, the pendant drop method and an indirect method, based on the determination of the liquid ↔ gas transition point of DFP confined in the droplet core. The re-condensation process has been followed by capturing images of single MBs by confocal microscopy. The time evolution of MB relaxation to droplets was analysed in terms of a modified Church model to account for the structural complexity of the MB shell, i.e. a crosslinked polymer layer over a layer of surfactants. In this way the microrheology parameters of the shell were determined. In a previous paper (Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 5763-5765) we showed that these systems could be used as ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). In this work we substantiate this view assessing some key features offered by the viscoelastic nature of the droplet shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Capece
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brasili
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Oddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cerroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelico Bedini
- INAIL - Settore Ricerca Certificazione e Verifica - DITSIPIA, Via Fontana Candida, 1 Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Italy
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Chiessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Fox MS, Gaudet JM, Foster PJ. Fluorine-19 MRI Contrast Agents for Cell Tracking and Lung Imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2016; 8:53-67. [PMID: 27042089 PMCID: PMC4807887 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging stand to revolutionize imaging-based research and clinical trials in several fields of medical intervention. First, their use in characterizing in vivo cell behavior may help bring cellular therapy closer to clinical acceptance. Second, their use in lung imaging provides novel noninvasive interrogation of the ventilated airspaces without the need for complicated, hard-to-distribute hardware. This article reviews the current state of 19F-based cell tracking and lung imaging using magnetic resonance imaging and describes the link between the methods across these fields and how they may mutually benefit from solutions to mutual problems encountered when imaging 19F-containing compounds, as well as hardware and software advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Fox
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Gaudet
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Utilization of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging for Pharmaceutically Relevant Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1444:97-108. [PMID: 27283421 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3721-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging can be utilized for several pharmaceutical applications involving near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dyes or NIRF moiety-containing products. Especially during the early phases of product development, NIRF dyes can be used as surrogates for drugs and optical imaging methods can be utilized to optimize the pharmaceutical product properties based on dye entrapment efficiency, in vitro dye release, cellular uptake, and in vivo biodistribution. Based on in vivo accumulation, product efficacy and toxicity can be evaluated in the early development stage. Compared to visible fluorescent dyes, NIRF offers advantages such as low background from formulation excipients as well as biological components.In this chapter, the utility of NIRF imaging methods for in vitro characterization (in vitro release and cellular uptake) and in vivo/ex vivo applicability of pharmaceutically relevant products is presented in detail. Specifically, the application of fluorescence imaging to characterize perfluorocarbon-based formulations for dye loading, in vitro release, cellular uptake, and in vivo imaging to assess target accumulation and biodistribution is discussed. These methods are widely applicable to other nanoparticle-based products involved in inflammation/cancer imaging and therapy. Overall, NIRF-based techniques are indispensible because they are relatively easy, fast, and cost effective to characterize and optimize pharmaceutical products at different stages of product development.
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Abstract
Theranostic nanomedicines are a promising new technological advancement toward personalized medicine. Although much progress has been made in pre-clinical studies, their clinical utilization is still under development. A key ingredient for successful theranostic clinical translation is pharmaceutical process design for production on a sufficient scale for clinical testing. In this study, we report, for the first time, a successful scale-up of a model theranostic nanoemulsion. Celecoxib-loaded near-infrared-labeled perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion was produced on three levels of scale (small at 54 mL, medium at 270 mL, and large at 1,000 mL) using microfluidization. The average size and polydispersity were not affected by the equipment used or production scale. The overall nanoemulsion stability was maintained for 90 days upon storage and was not impacted by nanoemulsion production scale or composition. Cell-based evaluations show comparable results for all nanoemulsions with no significant impact of nanoemulsion scale on cell toxicity and their pharmacological effects. This report serves as the first example of a successful scale-up of a theranostic nanoemulsion and a model for future studies on theranostic nanomedicine production and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Bagia
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jelena M Janjic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ; Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ; McGowan Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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