1
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Khawar MB, Afzal A, Si Y, Sun H. Steering the course of CAR T cell therapy with lipid nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:380. [PMID: 38943167 PMCID: PMC11212433 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven themselves as transformative actors in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, surpassing traditional methods and addressing challenges like immunogenicity, reduced toxicity, and improved safety. Promising preclinical results signal a shift toward safer and more effective CAR T cell treatments. Ongoing research aims to validate these findings in clinical trials, marking a new era guided by LNPs utility in CAR therapy. Herein, we explore the preference for LNPs over traditional methods, highlighting the versatility of LNPs and their effective delivery of nucleic acids. Additionally, we address key challenges in clinical considerations, heralding a new era in CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Ali Afzal
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yue Si
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China.
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2
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Giulimondi F, Digiacomo L, Renzi S, Cassone C, Pirrottina A, Molfetta R, Palamà IE, Maiorano G, Gigli G, Amenitsch H, Pozzi D, Zingoni A, Caracciolo G. Optimizing Transfection Efficiency in CAR-T Cell Manufacturing through Multiple Administrations of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3746-3757. [PMID: 38775109 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The existing manufacturing protocols for CAR-T cell therapies pose notable challenges, particularly in attaining a transient transfection that endures for a significant duration. To address this gap, this study aims to formulate a transfection protocol utilizing multiple lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) administrations to enhance transfection efficiency (TE) to clinically relevant levels. By systematically fine-tuning and optimizing our transfection protocol through a series of iterative refinements, we have accomplished a remarkable one-order-of-magnitude augmentation in TE within the immortalized T-lymphocyte Jurkat cell line. This enhancement has been consistently observed over 2 weeks, and importantly, it has been achieved without any detrimental impact on cell viability. In the subsequent phase of our study, we aimed to optimize the gene delivery system by evaluating three lipid-based formulations tailored for DNA encapsulation using our refined protocol. These formulations encompassed two LNPs constructed from ionizable lipids and featuring systematic variations in lipid composition (iLNPs) and a cationic lipoplex (cLNP). Our findings showcased a notable standout among the three formulations, with cLNP emerging as a frontrunner for further refinement and integration into the production pipeline of CAR-T therapies. Consequently, cLNP was scrutinized for its potential to deliver CAR-encoding plasmid DNA to the HEK-293 cell line. Confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated its efficiency, revealing substantial internalization compared to iLNPs. By employing a recently developed confocal image analysis method, we substantiated that cellular entry of cLNP predominantly occurs through macropinocytosis. This mechanism leads to heightened intracellular endosomal escape and mitigates lysosomal accumulation. The successful expression of anti-CD19-CD28-CD3z, a CAR engineered to target CD19, a protein often expressed on the surface of B cells, was confirmed using a fluorescence-based assay. Overall, our results indicated the effectiveness of cLNP in gene delivery and suggested the potential of multiple administration transfection as a practical approach for refining T-cell engineering protocols in CAR therapies. Future investigations may focus on refining outcomes by adjusting transfection parameters like nucleic acid concentration, lipid-to-DNA ratio, and incubation time to achieve improved TE and increased gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giulimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Serena Renzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirrottina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Maiorano
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Salento, Arnesano street c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
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3
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Jogdeo CM, Siddhanta K, Das A, Ding L, Panja S, Kumari N, Oupický D. Beyond Lipids: Exploring Advances in Polymeric Gene Delivery in the Lipid Nanoparticles Era. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404608. [PMID: 38842816 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The recent success of gene therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of effective and safe delivery systems. Complementing lipid-based delivery systems, polymers present a promising alternative for gene delivery. Significant advances have been made in the recent past, with multiple clinical trials progressing beyond phase I and several companies actively working on polymeric delivery systems which provides assurance that polymeric carriers can soon achieve clinical translation. The massive advantage of structural tunability and vast chemical space of polymers is being actively leveraged to mitigate shortcomings of traditional polycationic polymers and improve the translatability of delivery systems. Tailored polymeric approaches for diverse nucleic acids and for specific subcellular targets are now being designed to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review describes the recent advances in polymer design for improved gene delivery by polyplexes and covalent polymer-nucleic acid conjugates. The review also offers a brief note on novel computational techniques for improved polymer design. The review concludes with an overview of the current state of polymeric gene therapies in the clinic as well as future directions on their translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay M Jogdeo
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kasturi Siddhanta
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ashish Das
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sudipta Panja
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Neha Kumari
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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4
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Song H, Dai Q, Liu C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Polymer-Based RNA Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400278. [PMID: 38803312 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics offer a broad prospect in cancer treatment. However, their successful application requires overcoming various physiological barriers to effectively deliver RNAs to the target sites. Currently, a number of RNA delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are developed to overcome these barriers in RNA delivery. This work provides an overview of the existing RNA therapeutics for cancer gene therapy, and particularly summarizes those that are entering the clinical phase. This work then discusses the core features and latest research developments of tumor microenvironment-responsive polymer-based RNA delivery carriers which are designed based on the pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, this work also proposes opportunities for the transformation of RNA therapies into cancer immunotherapy methods in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haiqin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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5
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Xu J, Liu W, Fan F, Zhang B, Sun C, Hu Y. Advances in nano-immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:57. [PMID: 38796455 PMCID: PMC11128130 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HMs) encompass a diverse group of blood neoplasms with significant morbidity and mortality. Immunotherapy has emerged as a validated and crucial treatment modality for patients with HMs. Despite notable advancements having been made in understanding and implementing immunotherapy for HMs over the past decade, several challenges persist. These challenges include immune-related adverse effects, the precise biodistribution and elimination of therapeutic antigens in vivo, immune tolerance of tumors, and immune evasion by tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanotechnology, with its capacity to manipulate material properties at the nanometer scale, has the potential to tackle these obstacles and revolutionize treatment outcomes by improving various aspects such as drug targeting and stability. The convergence of nanotechnology and immunotherapy has given rise to nano-immunotherapy, a specialized branch of anti-tumor therapy. Nanotechnology has found applications in chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other immunotherapeutic strategies for HMs. In this review, we delineate recent developments and discuss current challenges in the field of nano-immunotherapy for HMs, offering novel insights into the potential of nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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6
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Li Z, Kang M, Xu C, Chiang M, Lee CS, Lee M. Black Phosphorus-Based Dynamic Self-Healing Hydrogel to Integrate Demineralized Bone Matrix and Noggin-Targeting siRNA for Synergistic Osteogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38686456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Although a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is often used as an alternative to an autologous bone graft, its clinical application is still hampered by easy dispersion of DBM particles and insufficient osteoinductivity in the defect site. Herein, we designed a self-healing hydrogel for DBM that can rapidly restore its structural integrity after damage based on amino-rich black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets and aldehyde-functionalized hyaluronic acid (AHA). Given the increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists by DBM stimulation, the osteogenic potency of DBM in the hydrogel carrier was further enhanced by abrogating the BMP antagonism. The BP/AHA hydrogel provided dynamic polymer-nanosheet networks that combine injectability, modability, and physical stability with high DBM loading, where the BP nanosheets served as osteogenic cross-linkers to promote biomineralization and deliver siRNA to suppress undesirable expression of BMP antagonist noggin by DBM. As a result, the BP/AHA hydrogel integrated with DBM and noggin-targeting siRNA synergistically promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing BMP/Smad signaling. This work demonstrates a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of bone regeneration using bone graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Minjee Kang
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Changlu Xu
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michelle Chiang
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Gharatape A, Sadeghi-Abandansari H, Seifalian A, Faridi-Majidi R, Basiri M. Nanocarrier-based gene delivery for immune cell engineering. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3356-3375. [PMID: 38505950 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Clinical advances in genetically modified immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, have raised hope for cancer treatment. The majority of these biotechnologies are based on viral methods for ex vivo genetic modification of the immune cells, while the non-viral methods are still in the developmental phase. Nanocarriers have been emerging as materials of choice for gene delivery to immune cells. This is due to their versatile physicochemical properties such as large surface area and size that can be optimized to overcome several practical barriers to successful gene delivery. The in vivo nanocarrier-based gene delivery can revolutionize cell-based cancer immunotherapies by replacing the current expensive autologous cell manufacturing with an off-the-shelf biomaterial-based platform. The aim of this research is to review current advances and strategies to overcome the challenges in nanoparticle-based gene delivery and their impact on the efficiency, safety, and specificity of the process. The main focus is on polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers, and their recent preclinical applications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharatape
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology and Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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8
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Mahdieh A, Motasadizadeh H, Maghsoudian S, Sabzevari A, Khalili F, Yeganeh H, Nyström B. Novel polyurethane-based ionene nanoparticles electrostatically stabilized with hyaluronic acid for effective gene therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 236:113802. [PMID: 38382225 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is considered to be a valuable strategy for effective cancer treatment. However, the development of effective delivery systems that can specifically deliver gene materials, such as siRNA to tumor tissues plays a critical role in cancer therapy. In the present study, we have developed a novel complex that is based on an electrostatic interaction between cationic polyurethane ionene (CPUI) nanoparticles and an anti-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA. For active targeting, hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to coat the complexes, which significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the blank nanocarriers while demonstrating high transport efficiency of the siRNA via the CD44-mediated endocytosis pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The targeted nanocarriers (HA/CPUI/siRNA) showed significantly higher cellular internalization in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy compared with the non-targeted system (CPUI/siRNA). In addition, the incorporation of HA on the surface of the complexes resulted in significantly greater suppression of the STAT3 gene compared to the corresponding non-targeted formulation. Whole-body fluorescence images showed more significant tumor accumulation of the targeted nanocarriers in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, HA/CPUI/siRNA nanocarriers are an interesting option for the siRNA-targeted treatment of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Mahdieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Maghsoudian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sabzevari
- Polymer Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Department, Meybod University, Meybod, Yazd, Iran; Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Khalili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Yeganeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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9
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Long J, Wang Y, Jiang X, Ge J, Chen M, Zheng B, Wang R, Wang M, Xu M, Ke Q, Wang J. Nanomaterials Boost CAR-T Therapy for Solid Tumors. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304615. [PMID: 38483400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
T cell engineering, particularly via chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modifications for enhancing tumor specificity, has shown efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. The extension of CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors, however, is impeded by several challenges: The absence of tumor-specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical barriers to cell infiltration. Additionally, limitations in CAR-T cell manufacturing capacity and the high costs associated with these therapies restrict their widespread application. The integration of nanomaterials into CAR-T cell production and application offers a promising avenue to mitigate these challenges. Utilizing nanomaterials in the production of CAR-T cells can decrease product variability and lower production expenses, positively impacting the targeting and persistence of CAR-T cells in treatment and minimizing adverse effects. This review comprehensively evaluates the use of various nanomaterials in the production of CAR-T cells, genetic modification, and in vivo delivery. It discusses their underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical application, with a focus on improving specificity and safety in CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 1001 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, The Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Mingfen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Boshu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meifang Xu
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
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10
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Billingsley MM, Gong N, Mukalel AJ, Thatte AS, El-Mayta R, Patel SK, Metzloff AE, Swingle KL, Han X, Xue L, Hamilton AG, Safford HC, Alameh MG, Papp TE, Parhiz H, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ. In Vivo mRNA CAR T Cell Engineering via Targeted Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles with Extrahepatic Tropism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304378. [PMID: 38072809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
With six therapies approved by the Food and Drug Association, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have reshaped cancer immunotherapy. However, these therapies rely on ex vivo viral transduction to induce permanent CAR expression in T cells, which contributes to high production costs and long-term side effects. Thus, this work aims to develop an in vivo CAR T cell engineering platform to streamline production while using mRNA to induce transient, tunable CAR expression. Specifically, an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is utilized as these platforms have demonstrated clinical success in nucleic acid delivery. Though LNPs often accumulate in the liver, the LNP platform used here achieves extrahepatic transfection with enhanced delivery to the spleen, and it is further modified via antibody conjugation (Ab-LNPs) to target pan-T cell markers. The in vivo evaluation of these Ab-LNPs confirms that targeting is necessary for potent T cell transfection. When using these Ab-LNPs for the delivery of CAR mRNA, antibody and dose-dependent CAR expression and cytokine release are observed along with B cell depletion of up to 90%. In all, this work conjugates antibodies to LNPs with extrahepatic tropism, evaluates pan-T cell markers, and develops Ab-LNPs capable of generating functional CAR T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ajay S Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rakan El-Mayta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Savan K Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ann E Metzloff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xuexiang Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alex G Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah C Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tyler E Papp
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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11
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Yousefi Adlsadabad S, Hanrahan JW, Kakkar A. mRNA Delivery: Challenges and Advances through Polymeric Soft Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1739. [PMID: 38339015 PMCID: PMC10855060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) plays a pivotal role in transferring genetic information, and tremendous effort has been devoted over the years to utilize its transcription efficacy in therapeutic interventions for a variety of diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for mRNA delivery and enabled the rapid and successful development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Some constraints of lipid nanocarriers have encouraged the development of alternative delivery systems, such as polymer-based soft nanoparticles, which offer a modular gene delivery platform. Such macromolecule-based nanocarriers can be synthetically articulated for tailored parameters including mRNA protection, loading efficacy, and targeted release. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, their limitations, and the challenges that still exist, with the aim of expediting further research and the clinical translation of such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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12
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Wang C, He W, Wang F, Yong H, Bo T, Yao D, Zhao Y, Pan C, Cao Q, Zhang S, Li M. Recent progress of non-linear topological structure polymers: synthesis, and gene delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:40. [PMID: 38280987 PMCID: PMC10821314 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, many types of non-linear topological structure polymers, such as brush-shaped, star, branched and dendritic structures, have captured much attention in the field of gene delivery and nanomedicine. Compared with linear polymers, non-linear topological structural polymers offer many advantages, including multiple terminal groups, broad and complicated spatial architecture and multi-functionality sites to enhance gene delivery efficiency and targeting capabilities. Nevertheless, the complexity of their synthesis process severely hampers the development and applications of nonlinear topological polymers. This review aims to highlight various synthetic approaches of non-linear topological architecture polymers, including reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) including atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, click chemistry reactions and Michael addition, and thoroughly discuss their advantages and disadvantages, as well as analyze their further application potential. Finally, we comprehensively discuss and summarize different non-linear topological structure polymers for genetic materials delivering performance both in vitro and in vivo, which indicated that topological effects and nonlinear topologies play a crucial role in enhancing the transfection performance of polymeric vectors. This review offered a promising guideline for the design and development of novel nonlinear polymers and facilitated the development of a new generation of polymer-based gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232000, Anhui, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyang Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingjin Yao
- Shanghai EditorGene Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yitong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232000, Anhui, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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13
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Nagy B, Öktem A, Ferenc G, Ungor D, Kalac A, Kelemen-Valkony I, Fodor E, Nagy I, Dudits D, Ayaydin F. CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis through Introducing a Nanoparticle Complex Made of a Cationic Polymer and Nucleic Acids into Maize Protoplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16137. [PMID: 38003326 PMCID: PMC10671792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, targeted gene mutagenesis attracts increasing attention both in plant research and crop improvement. In these approaches, successes are largely dependent on the efficiency of the delivery of gene editing components into plant cells. Here, we report the optimization of the cationic polymer poly(2-hydroxypropylene imine) (PHPI)-mediated delivery of plasmid DNAs, or single-stranded oligonucleotides labelled with Cyanine3 (Cy3) or 6-Carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM)-fluorescent dyes into maize protoplasts. Co-delivery of the GFP-expressing plasmid and the Cy3-conjugated oligonucleotides has resulted in the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of the green fluorescent protein and a preferential nuclear localization of oligonucleotides. We show the application of nanoparticle complexes, i.e., "polyplexes" that comprise cationic polymers and nucleic acids, for CRISPR/Cas9 editing of maize cells. Knocking out the functional EGFP gene in transgenic maize protoplasts was achieved through the co-delivery of plasmids encoding components of the editing factors Cas9 (pFGC-pcoCas9) and gRNA (pZmU3-gRNA) after complexing with a cationic polymer (PHPI). Several edited microcalli were identified based on the lack of a GFP fluorescence signal. Multi-base and single-base deletions in the EGFP gene were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The presented results support the use of the PHPI cationic polymer in plant protoplast-mediated genome editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Nagy
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.N.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Ayşegül Öktem
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (I.K.-V.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Györgyi Ferenc
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.N.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Ditta Ungor
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Aladina Kalac
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (I.K.-V.)
| | - Ildikó Kelemen-Valkony
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (I.K.-V.)
| | - Elfrieda Fodor
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.F.); (I.N.)
| | - István Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.F.); (I.N.)
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., 6782 Mórahalom, Hungary
| | - Dénes Dudits
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.N.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.N.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (I.K.-V.)
- Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility (FCBI), Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Interdisciplinary R&D and Innovation Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Hinnekens C, De Smedt SC, Fraire JC, Braeckmans K. Non-viral engineering of NK cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108212. [PMID: 37454745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed great progress in the field of adoptive cell therapies, with the authorization of Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) in 2017 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a crucial stepstone. Since then, five more CAR-T therapies have been approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies. While this is a great step forward to treating several types of blood cancers, CAR-T cell therapies are still associated with severe side-effects such as Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD), cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. Because of this, there has been continued interest in Natural Killer cells which avoid these side-effects while offering the possibility to generate allogeneic cell therapies. Similar to T-cells, NK cells can be genetically modified to improve their therapeutic efficacy in a variety of ways. In contrast to T cells, viral transduction of NK cells remains inefficient and induces cytotoxic effects. Viral vectors also require a lengthy and expensive product development process and are accompanied by certain risks such as insertional mutagenesis. Therefore, non-viral transfection technologies are avidly being developed aimed at addressing these shortcomings of viral vectors. In this review we will present an overview of the potential of NK cells in cancer immunotherapies and the non-viral transfection technologies that have been explored to engineer them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hinnekens
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Li Z, Amaya L, Pi R, Wang SK, Ranjan A, Waymouth RM, Blish CA, Chang HY, Wender PA. Charge-altering releasable transporters enhance mRNA delivery in vitro and exhibit in vivo tropism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6983. [PMID: 37914693 PMCID: PMC10620205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of more effective and selective mRNA delivery systems is required for the advancement of many emerging biomedical technologies including the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, immunotherapies for cancer and strategies for genome editing. While polymers and oligomers have served as promising mRNA delivery systems, their efficacy in hard-to-transfect cells such as primary T lymphocytes is often limited as is their cell and organ tropism. To address these problems, considerable attention has been placed on structural screening of various lipid and cation components of mRNA delivery systems. Here, we disclose a class of charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) that differ from previous CARTs based on their beta-amido carbonate backbone (bAC) and side chain spacing. These bAC-CARTs exhibit enhanced mRNA transfection in primary T lymphocytes in vitro and enhanced protein expression in vivo with highly selective spleen tropism, supporting their broader therapeutic use as effective polyanionic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura Amaya
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean K Wang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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16
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Li T, Luo R, Su L, Lv F, Mei L, Yu Y. Advanced Materials and Delivery Systems for Enhancement of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cells. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300880. [PMID: 37653606 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy is a great success and breakthrough in immunotherapy. However, there are still lots of barriers to its wide use in clinical, including long time consumption, high cost, and failure against solid tumors. For these challenges, researches are deplored to explore CAR cells to more appliable products in clinical. This minireview focuses on the advanced non-viral materials for CAR-T transfection ex vivo with better performance, delivery systems combined with other therapy for enhancement of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors. In addition, the targeted delivery platform for CAR cells in vivo generation as a breakthrough technology as its low cost and convenience. In the end, the prospective direction and future of CAR cell therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Ran Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan, 655000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
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17
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Niu H, Zhao P, Sun W. Biomaterials for chimeric antigen receptor T cell engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:1-13. [PMID: 37137403 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved breakthrough efficacies against hematological malignancies, but their unsatisfactory efficacies in solid tumors limit their applications. The prohibitively high prices further restrict their access to broader populations. Novel strategies are urgently needed to address these challenges, and engineering biomaterials can be one promising approach. The established process for manufacturing CAR-T cells involves multiple steps, and biomaterials can help simplify or improve several of them. In this review, we cover recent progress in engineering biomaterials for producing or stimulating CAR-T cells. We focus on the engineering of non-viral gene delivery nanoparticles for transducing CAR into T cells ex vivo/in vitro or in vivo. We also dive into the engineering of nano-/microparticles or implantable scaffolds for local delivery or stimulation of CAR-T cells. These biomaterial-based strategies can potentially change the way CAR-T cells are manufactured, significantly reducing their cost. Modulating the tumor microenvironment with the biomaterials can also considerably enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors. We pay special attention to progress made in the past five years, and perspectives on future challenges and opportunities are also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies have revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy with genetically engineered tumor recognition. They are also promising for treating many other diseases. However, the widespread application of CAR-T cell therapy has been hampered by the high manufacturing cost. Poor penetration of CAR-T cells into solid tissues further restricted their use. While biological strategies have been explored to improve CAR-T cell therapies, such as identifying new cancer targets or integrating smart CARs, biomaterial engineering provides alternative strategies toward better CAR-T cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in engineering biomaterials for CAR-T cell improvement. Biomaterials ranging from nano-, micro-, and macro-scales have been developed to assist CAR-T cell manufacturing and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Niu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Born Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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18
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Grimme CJ, Hanson MG, Reineke TM. Enhanced ASO-Mediated Gene Silencing with Lipophilic pH-Responsive Micelles. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37384839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we examine the ASO-mediated gene silencing efficiency of pH-responsive micelles, by incorporating 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DIP) into the micelle core and comparing physical and biological properties with non-pH-responsive micelles. Additionally, the lipophilic effect of the micelle cores was examined in both types of micelles. Varying lipophilicity was achieved by varying alkyl monomer chain lengths─butyl (4), lauryl (12), and stearyl (18) methacrylate. Each of the micelles formed within our family offered the added benefit of well-defined and uniform templates for loading antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) payloads. Overall, the micelles followed previously established trends of outperforming their linear polymer (nonmicelle) analogs and ASO only control. More specifically, the highest performing micelles were the pH-responsive micelles with longer alkyl chains or higher lipophilicity─D-DIP+LMA and D-DIP+SMA (∼90% silencing). These two micelles demonstrated silencing efficiencies similar to Jet-PEI and Lipofectamine 2000 and caused lower toxicity than Lipofectamine 2000. The shortest alkyl chain pH-responsive micelle, D-DIP+BMA (64%), displayed strong gene silencing similar to that about that of its non-pH-responsive micelle, D-BMA (68%), and the pH-responsive micelle without an alkyl chain incorporated, D-DIP (59%). This work illuminates a minimum alkyl chain length dependence to allow gene silencing within our micelle family. However, including only longer alkyl chains into the micelle core without the pH-responsive unit DIP had a hindering effect, thus demonstrating the requirement of the DIP unit when including longer alkyl chain lengths. This work demonstrates the exemplary gene silencing efficiencies of polymeric micelles and uncovers the relationship between pH responsiveness and performance with lipophilic polymer micelles for enhancing ASO-mediated gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Soto A, Nieto-Díaz M, Martínez-Campos E, Noalles-Dols A, Barreda-Manso MA, Reviriego F, Reinecke H, Reigada D, Muñoz-Galdeano T, Novillo I, Gallardo A, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Eritja R, Aviñó A, Elvira C, M Maza R. Evaluation of Poly( N-Ethyl Pyrrolidine Methacrylamide) (EPA) and Derivatives as Polymeric Vehicles for miRNA Delivery to Neural Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051451. [PMID: 37242702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short RNA oligonucleotides that regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins to control cells' function in physiological and pathological conditions. miRNA therapeutics are highly specific, reducing the toxicity associated with off-target effects, and require low doses to achieve therapeutic effects. Despite their potential, applying miRNA-based therapies is limited by difficulties in delivery due to their poor stability, fast clearance, poor efficiency, and off-target effects. To overcome these challenges, polymeric vehicles have attracted a lot of attention due to their ease of production with low costs, large payload, safety profiles, and minimal induction of the immune response. Poly(N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide) (EPA) copolymers have shown optimal DNA transfection efficiencies in fibroblasts. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of EPA polymers as miRNA carriers for neural cell lines and primary neuron cultures when they are copolymerized with different compounds. To achieve this aim, we synthesized and characterized different copolymers and evaluated their miRNA condensation ability, size, charge, cytotoxicity, cell binding and internalization ability, and endosomal escape capacity. Finally, we evaluated their miRNA transfection capability and efficacy in Neuro-2a cells and rat primary hippocampal neurons. The results indicate that EPA and its copolymers, incorporating β-cyclodextrins with or without polyethylene glycol acrylate derivatives, can be promising vehicles for miRNA administration to neural cells when all experiments on Neuro-2a cells and primary hippocampal neurons are considered together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altea Soto
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto-Díaz
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organic Synthesis and Bioevaluation, Associated Unit to the ICTP-IQM-CSIC, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII, n◦ 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Noalles-Dols
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - María Asunción Barreda-Manso
- Functional Exploration and Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Reigada
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Teresa Muñoz-Galdeano
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Irene Novillo
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo M Maza
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
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20
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Eswaran L, Kazimirsky G, Yehuda R, Byk G. A New Strategy for Nucleic Acid Delivery and Protein Expression Using Biocompatible Nanohydrogels of Predefined Sizes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030961. [PMID: 36986821 PMCID: PMC10058534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed new formulations of nanohydrogels (NHGs) complexed with DNA devoid of cell toxicity, which, together with their tuned sizes, makes them of great interest for delivering DNA/RNA for foreign protein expression. Transfection results demonstrate that, unlike classical lipo/polyplexes, the new NHGs can be incubated indefinitely with cells without apparent cellular toxicity, resulting in the high expression of foreign proteins for long periods of time. Although protein expression starts with a delay as compared to classical systems, it is sustained for a long period of time, even after passing cells without observation of toxicity. A fluorescently labelled NHG used for gene delivery was detected inside cells very early after incubation, but the protein expression was delayed by many days, demonstrating that there is a time-dependent release of genes from the NHGs. We suggest that this delay is due to the slow but continuous release of DNA from the particles concomitantly with slow but continuous protein expression. Additionally, results obtained after the in vivo administration of m-Cherry/NHG complexes indicated a delayed but prolonged expression of the marker gene in the tissue of administration. Overall, we have demonstrated gene delivery and foreign protein expression using GFP and m-Cherry marker genes complexed with biocompatible nanohydrogels.
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21
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Engineered exosome-mediated messenger RNA and single-chain variable fragment delivery for human chimeric antigen receptor T-cell engineering. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:615-624. [PMID: 36828738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Most current chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are generated by viral transduction, which induces persistent expression of CARs and may cause serious undesirable effects. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based approaches in manufacturing CAR T cells are being developed to overcome these challenges. However, the most common method of delivering mRNA to T cells is electroporation, which can be toxic to cells. METHODS The authors designed and engineered an exosome delivery platform using the bacteriophage MS2 system in combination with the highly expressed protein lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 isoform B on exosomes. RESULTS The authors' delivery platform achieved specific loading and delivery of mRNA into target cells and achieved expression of specific proteins, and anti-CD3/CD28 single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) expressed outside the exosomal membrane effectively activated primary T cells in a similar way to commercial magnetic beads. CONCLUSIONS The delivery of CAR mRNA and anti-CD3/CD28 scFvs via designed exosomes can be used for ex vivo production of CAR T cells with cancer cell killing capacity. The authors' results indicate the potential applications of the engineered exosome delivery platform for direct conversion of primary T cells to CAR T cells while providing a novel strategy for producing CAR T cells in vivo.
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22
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Lores S, Gámez-Chiachio M, Cascallar M, Ramos-Nebot C, Hurtado P, Alijas S, López López R, Piñeiro R, Moreno-Bueno G, de la Fuente M. Effectiveness of a novel gene nanotherapy based on putrescine for cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 36790445 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has long been proposed for cancer treatment. However, the use of therapeutic nucleic acids presents several limitations such as enzymatic degradation, rapid clearance, and poor cellular uptake and efficiency. In this work we propose the use of putrescine, a precursor for higher polyamine biosynthesis for the preparation of cationic nanosystems for cancer gene therapy. We have formulated and characterized putrescine-sphingomyelin nanosystems (PSN) and studied their endocytic pathway and intracellular trafficking in cancer cells. After loading a plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding the apoptotic Fas Ligand (FasL), we proved their therapeutic activity by measuring the cell death rate after treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells. We have also used xenografted zebrafish embryos as a first in vivo approach to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed PSN-pDNA formulation in a more complex model. Finally, intratumoral and intraperitoneal administration to mice-bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts resulted in a significant decrease in tumour cell growth, highlighting the potential of the developed gene therapy nanoformulation for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saínza Lores
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain. .,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza do Obradoiro, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Gámez-Chiachio
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, School of Medicine, "Alberto Sols" Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, IdiPaz, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cascallar
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain. .,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza do Obradoiro, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, A Coruña, Spain.,Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramos-Nebot
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, School of Medicine, "Alberto Sols" Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, IdiPaz, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Hurtado
- Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Roche-CHUS Join Unit. Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Sandra Alijas
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain. .,Roche-CHUS Join Unit. Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rafael López López
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain. .,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza do Obradoiro, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, A Coruña, Spain.,Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Roche-CHUS Join Unit. Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Roche-CHUS Join Unit. Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, School of Medicine, "Alberto Sols" Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, IdiPaz, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,MD Anderson International Foundation, Gómez Hemans s/n, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain. .,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza do Obradoiro, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, A Coruña, Spain.,Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,DIVERSA Technologies SL, Edificio Emprendia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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23
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Husteden C, Brito Barrera YA, Tegtmeyer S, Borges J, Giselbrecht J, Menzel M, Langner A, Mano JF, Schmelzer CEH, Wölk C, Groth T. Lipoplex-Functionalized Thin-Film Surface Coating Based on Extracellular Matrix Components as Local Gene Delivery System to Control Osteogenic Stem Cell Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201978. [PMID: 36377486 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A gene-activated surface coating is presented as a strategy to design smart biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. The thin-film coating is based on polyelectrolyte multilayers composed of collagen I and chondroitin sulfate, two main biopolymers of the bone extracellular matrix, which are fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly. For further functionalization, DNA/lipid-nanoparticles (lipoplexes) are incorporated into the multilayers. The polyelectrolyte multilayer fabrication and lipoplex deposition are analyzed by surface sensitive analytical methods that demonstrate successful thin-film formation, fibrillar structuring of collagen, and homogenous embedding of lipoplexes. Culture of mesenchymal stem cells on the lipoplex functionalized multilayer results in excellent attachment and growth of them, and also, their ability to take up cargo like fluorescence-labelled DNA from lipoplexes. The functionalization of the multilayer with lipoplexes encapsulating DNA encoding for transient expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 induces osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which is shown by mRNA quantification for osteogenic genes and histochemical staining. In summary, the novel gene-functionalized and extracellular matrix mimicking multilayer composed of collagen I, chondroitin sulfate, and lipoplexes, represents a smart surface functionalization that holds great promise for tissue engineering constructs and implant coatings to promote regeneration of bone and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Husteden
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yazmin A Brito Barrera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophia Tegtmeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - João Borges
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Julia Giselbrecht
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Menzel
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Langner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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24
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Pinto IS, Cordeiro RA, Faneca H. Polymer- and lipid-based gene delivery technology for CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2023; 353:196-215. [PMID: 36423871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy is a revolutionary approach approved by the FDA and EMA to treat B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. The production of these T cells has been done through viral vectors, which come with safety concerns, high cost and production challenges, and more recently also through electroporation, which can be extremely cytotoxic. In this context, nanosystems can constitute an alternative to overcome the challenges associated with current methods, resulting in a safe and cost-effective platform. However, the barriers associated with T cells transfection show that the design and engineering of novel approaches in this field are highly imperative. Here, we present an overview from CAR constitution to transfection technologies used in T cells, highlighting the lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles as a potential delivery platform. Specifically, we provide examples, strengths and weaknesses of nanosystem formulations, and advances in nanoparticle design to improve transfection of T cells. This review will guide the researchers in the design and development of novel nanosystems for next-generation CAR T therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S Pinto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Castro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosemeyre A Cordeiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Qin YT, Li YP, He XW, Wang X, Li WY, Zhang YK. Biomaterials promote in vivo generation and immunotherapy of CAR-T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165576. [PMID: 37153571 PMCID: PMC10157406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy based on functional immune cell transfer is showing a booming situation. However, complex manufacturing processes, high costs, and disappointing results in the treatment of solid tumors have limited its use. Encouragingly, it has facilitated the development of new strategies that fuse immunology, cell biology, and biomaterials to overcome these obstacles. In recent years, CAR-T engineering assisted by properly designed biomaterials has improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects, providing a sustainable strategy for improving cancer immunotherapy. At the same time, the low cost and diversity of biomaterials also offer the possibility of industrial production and commercialization. Here, we summarize the role of biomaterials as gene delivery vehicles in the generation of CAR-T cells and highlight the advantages of in-situ construction in vivo. Then, we focused on how biomaterials can be combined with CAR-T cells to better enable synergistic immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Finally, we describe biomaterials' potential challenges and prospects in CAR-T therapy. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of biomaterial-based CAR-T tumor immunotherapy to help investigators reference and customize biomaterials for CAR-T therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Qin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Wen-You Li,
| | - Wen-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Wen-You Li,
| | - Yu-Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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26
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Liu GW, Guzman EB, Menon N, Langer RS. Lipid Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery to Endothelial Cells. Pharm Res 2023; 40:3-25. [PMID: 36735106 PMCID: PMC9897626 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play critical roles in circulatory homeostasis and are also the gateway to the major organs of the body. Dysfunction, injury, and gene expression profiles of these cells can cause, or are caused by, prevalent chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Modulation of gene expression within endothelial cells could therefore be therapeutically strategic in treating longstanding disease challenges. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as potent, scalable, and tunable carrier systems for delivering nucleic acids, making them attractive vehicles for gene delivery to endothelial cells. Here, we discuss the functions of endothelial cells and highlight some receptors that are upregulated during health and disease. Examples and applications of DNA, mRNA, circRNA, saRNA, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, and ASO delivery to endothelial cells and their targets are reviewed, as well as LNP composition and morphology, formulation strategies, target proteins, and biomechanical factors that modulate endothelial cell targeting. Finally, we discuss FDA-approved LNPs as well as LNPs that have been tested in clinical trials and their challenges, and provide some perspectives as to how to surmount those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Liu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Edward B Guzman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nandita Menon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Strand Therapeutics, MA, 02215, Boston, USA
| | - Robert S Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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27
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Hong J, Zheng W, Wang X, Hao Y, Cheng G. Biomedical polymer scaffolds mimicking bone marrow niches to advance in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9755-9769. [PMID: 36444902 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation provides an effective platform for the treatment of hematological disorders. However, the donor shortage of HSCs and immune responses severely restrict the clinical applications of HSCs. Compared to allogeneic transplantation, autogenous transplantation poses less risk to the immune system, but the problem associated with insufficient HSCs remains a substantial challenge. A significant strategy for obtaining sufficient HSCs is to promote the expansion of HSCs. In vivo, a bone marrow microenvironment supports the survival and hematopoiesis of HSCs. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a platform that mimics the features of a bone marrow microenvironment for the in vitro expansion of HSCs. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have emerged as the most powerful tools to mimic cellular microenvironments for the growth and proliferation of stem cells. Biomedical polymers have been widely utilized as cell scaffolds due to their advantageous features including favorable biocompatibility, biodegradability, as well as adjustable physical and chemical properties. This review focuses on recent advances in the study of biomedical polymer scaffolds that mimic bone marrow microenvironments for the in vitro expansion of HSCs. Bone marrow transplantation and microenvironments are first introduced. Then, biomedical polymer scaffolds for the expansion of HSCs and future prospects are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong 528200, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | | | - Ying Hao
- Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong 528200, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong 528200, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
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28
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Shannon SR, Ben-Akiva E, Green JJ. Approaches towards biomaterial-mediated gene editing for cancer immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6675-6687. [PMID: 35858470 PMCID: PMC10112382 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00806h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are transforming treatment modalities for many human diseases and disorders, including those in ophthalmology, oncology, and nephrology. To maximize the clinical efficacy and safety of these treatments, consideration of both delivery materials and cargos is critical. In consideration of the former, a large effort has been placed on transitioning away from potentially immunoreactive and toxic viral delivery mechanisms towards safer and highly tunable nonviral delivery mechanisms, including polymeric, lipid-based, and inorganic carriers. This change of paradigm does not come without obstacles, as efficient non-viral delivery is challenging, particularly to immune cells, and has yet to see clinical translation breakthroughs for gene editing. This mini-review describes notable examples of biomaterial-based gene delivery to immune cells, with emphasis on recent in vivo successes. In consideration of delivery cargos, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology is reviewed and its great promise in the field of immune cell gene editing is described. This mini-review describes how leading non-viral delivery materials and CRISPR technology can be integrated together to advance its clinical potential for therapeutic gene transfer to immune cells to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney R Shannon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and the Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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29
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Tsai HC, Pietrobon V, Peng M, Wang S, Zhao L, Marincola FM, Cai Q. Current strategies employed in the manipulation of gene expression for clinical purposes. J Transl Med 2022; 20:535. [PMID: 36401279 PMCID: PMC9673226 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression level or expression of genes containing deleterious mutations are two of the main determinants which lead to genetic disease. To obtain a therapeutic effect and thus to cure genetic diseases, it is crucial to regulate the host's gene expression and restore it to physiological conditions. With this purpose, several molecular tools have been developed and are currently tested in clinical trials. Genome editing nucleases are a class of molecular tools routinely used in laboratories to rewire host's gene expression. Genome editing nucleases include different categories of enzymes: meganucleses (MNs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR associated protein (Cas) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs). Transposable elements are also a category of molecular tools which includes different members, for example Sleeping Beauty (SB), PiggyBac (PB), Tol2 and TcBuster. Transposons have been used for genetic studies and can serve as gene delivery tools. Molecular tools to rewire host's gene expression also include episomes, which are divided into different categories depending on their molecular structure. Finally, RNA interference is commonly used to regulate gene expression through the administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and bi-functional shRNA molecules. In this review, we will describe the different molecular tools that can be used to regulate gene expression and discuss their potential for clinical applications. These molecular tools are delivered into the host's cells in the form of DNA, RNA or protein using vectors that can be grouped into physical or biochemical categories. In this review we will also illustrate the different types of payloads that can be used, and we will discuss recent developments in viral and non-viral vector technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maoyu Peng
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Suning Wang
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | | | - Qi Cai
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
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30
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Pereira PA, Serra MES, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Application of vinyl polymer-based materials as nucleic acids carriers in cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1820. [PMID: 35637638 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies have changed the paradigm of cancer treatment, where conventional treatment modalities still have several limitations in terms of efficacy and severe side effects. However, these biomolecules have a short half-life in vivo, requiring multiple administrations, resulting in severe suffering, discomfort, and poor patient compliance. In the early days of (nano)biotechnology, these problems caused concern in the medical community, but recently it has been recognized that these challenges can be overcome by developing innovative formulations. This review focuses on the use of vinyl polymer-based materials for the protection and delivery of nucleic acids in cancer. First, an overview of the properties of nucleic acids and their versatility as drugs is provided. Then, key information on the achievements to date, the most effective delivery methods, and the evaluation of functionalization approaches (stimulatory strategies) are critically discussed to highlight the importance of vinyl polymers in the new cancer treatment approaches. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alexandra Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, Coimbra, Portugal
- IPN, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Associação para a Inovação e Desenvolvimento em Ciência e Tecnologia, Rua Pedro Nunes, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Arménio C Serra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Lau D, Corrie PG, Gallagher FA. MRI techniques for immunotherapy monitoring. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004708. [PMID: 36122963 PMCID: PMC9486399 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is a widely available clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. MRI provides excellent soft tissue imaging, using a wide range of contrast mechanisms, and can non-invasively detect tissue metabolites. These approaches can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissues, to stratify tumor aggressiveness, and to identify changes within both the tumor and its microenvironment in response to therapy. In this review, the role of MRI in immunotherapy monitoring will be discussed and how it could be utilized in the future to address some of the unique clinical questions that arise from immunotherapy. For example, MRI could play a role in identifying pseudoprogression, mixed response, T cell infiltration, cell tracking, and some of the characteristic immune-related adverse events associated with these agents. The factors to be considered when developing MRI imaging biomarkers for immunotherapy will be reviewed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of each approach will be discussed, as well as the challenges for future clinical translation into routine clinical care. Given the increasing use of immunotherapy in a wide range of cancers and the ability of MRI to detect the microstructural and functional changes associated with successful response to immunotherapy, the technique has great potential for more widespread and routine use in the future for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Liu L, Yang Z, Liu C, Wang M, Chen Y. Effect of molecular weight of polysaccharide on efficient plasmid
DNA
delivery by
polyethylenimine‐polysaccharide‐Fe
(
III
) complexes. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Zhaojun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Chaobing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Mengying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Yiran Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
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33
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Cheng EL, Cardle II, Kacherovsky N, Bansia H, Wang T, Zhou Y, Raman J, Yen A, Gutierrez D, Salipante SJ, des Georges A, Jensen MC, Pun SH. Discovery of a Transferrin Receptor 1-Binding Aptamer and Its Application in Cancer Cell Depletion for Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Manufacturing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13851-13864. [PMID: 35875870 PMCID: PMC10024945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells includes cell selection, activation, gene transduction, and expansion. While the method of T-cell selection varies across companies, current methods do not actively eliminate the cancer cells in the patient's apheresis product from the healthy immune cells. Alarmingly, it has been found that transduction of a single leukemic B cell with the CAR gene can confer resistance to CAR T-cell therapy and lead to treatment failure. In this study, we report the identification of a novel high-affinity DNA aptamer, termed tJBA8.1, that binds transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), a receptor broadly upregulated by cancer cells. Using competition assays, high resolution cryo-EM, and de novo model building of the aptamer into the resulting electron density, we reveal that tJBA8.1 shares a binding site on TfR1 with holo-transferrin, the natural ligand of TfR1. We use tJBA8.1 to effectively deplete B lymphoma cells spiked into peripheral blood mononuclear cells with minimal impact on the healthy immune cell composition. Lastly, we present opportunities for affinity improvement of tJBA8.1. As TfR1 expression is broadly upregulated in many cancers, including difficult-to-treat T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, our work provides a facile, universal, and inexpensive approach for comprehensively removing cancerous cells from patient apheresis products for safe manufacturing of adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline L Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Ian I Cardle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States.,Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Nataly Kacherovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Harsh Bansia
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Nanoscience Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Yunshi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Jai Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Dominique Gutierrez
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stephen J Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7110, United States
| | - Amédée des Georges
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Michael C Jensen
- Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States.,Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
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34
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Zeng Q, Liu Z, Niu T, He C, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology in CAR-T-cell immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Gholami L, Mahmoudi A, Kazemi Oskuee R, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. An overview of polyallylamine applications in gene delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:714-724. [PMID: 35880621 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A chief objective of gene transportation studies is to manipulate clinically accepted carriers that can be utilized to combat incurable diseases. Despite various strategies, efficiency and application of these vectors have been hindered, owing to different obstacles. Polyallylamine (PAA) is a synthetic water-soluble, weak base cationic polymer with different properties that could be administrated as an ideal candidate for biomedical applications such as gene delivery, drug delivery, or even tissue engineering. However, some intrinsic properties of this polymer limit its application. The two associated problems with the use of PAA in gene delivery are low transfection efficiency (because of low buffering capacity) and cytotoxic effects attributed to intense cationic character. Most of the strategies for structural modification of the PAA structure have focused on introducing hydrophobic groups to the polymeric backbone that target both cytotoxicity and transfection. In this perspective, we concentrate on PAA as a gene delivery vehicle and the existing approaches for modification of this cationic polymer to give insight to researchers for exploitation of PAA as an efficient carrier in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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36
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Grimme CJ, Hanson MG, Corcoran LG, Reineke TM. Polycation Architecture Affects Complexation and Delivery of Short Antisense Oligonucleotides: Micelleplexes Outperform Polyplexes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3257-3271. [PMID: 35862267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we examine the complexation and biological delivery of a short single-stranded antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) payload with four polymer derivatives that form two architectural variants (polyplexes and micelleplexes): a homopolymer poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (D), a diblock polymer poly(ethylene glycol)methylether methacrylate-block-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (ObD), and two micelle-forming variants, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (DB) and poly(ethylene glycol)methylether methacrylate-block-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (ObDB). Both polyplexes and micelleplexes complexed ASOs, and the incorporation of an Ob brush enhances colloidal stability. Micellplexes are templated by the size and shape of the unloaded micelle and that micelle-ASO complexation is not sensitive to formulation/mixing order, allowing ease, versatility, and reproducibility in packaging short oligonucleotides. The DB micelleplexes promoted the largest gene silencing, internalization, and tolerable toxicity while the ObDB micelleplexes displayed enhanced colloidal stability and highly efficient payload trafficking despite having lower cellular uptake. Overall, this work demonstrates that cationic micelles are superior delivery vehicles for ASOs denoting the importance of vehicle architecture in biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Louis G Corcoran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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37
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Yuan X, Luo SZ, Chen L. Novel branched amphiphilic peptides for nucleic acids delivery. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121983. [PMID: 35803534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and safe non-viral vectors for nucleic acids delivery have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in gene therapy, gene editing and vaccination against infectious diseases, and various materials have been investigated and designed as delivery vectors. Herein, we designed a series of branched amphiphilic peptides (BAPs) and tested their applications as pDNA/mRNA delivery vectors. The BAP structure was inspired by the phospholipids, in which lysine oligomers were used as the "polar head", segments containing phenylalanine, histidine and leucine were used as the "hydrophobic tails", and a lysine residue was used as the branching point. By comparing the gel retardation, particle sizes and zeta potentials of the BAP/pDNA complexes of the short-branch BAPs (BAP-V1 ∼ BAP-V4), we determined the optimal lysine oligomer was K6. However, their cell transfection efficiencies were not satisfactory, and thus three long-branch BAPs (BAP-V5 ∼ BAP-V7) were further designed. In these long-branch BAPs, more hydrophobic residues were added and the overall amphiphilicity increased accordingly. The results showed that these three BAPs could effectively compact the nucleic acids, including both pDNA and mRNA, and all could transfect nucleic acids into HEK 293 cells, with low cytotoxicity. Among the three long-branch BAPs, BAP-V7 (bis(FFLFFHHH)-K-K6) showed the best transfection efficiency at N/P = 10, which was better than the commercial transfection reagent PEI-25 K. These results indicate that increased amphiphilicity would also benefit for BAP mediated nucleic acid delivery. The designed BAPs provide more documents of such novel type of nucleic acids delivery vectors, which is worth of further investigation as a new gene theranostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushuang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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38
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Hou S, Hasnat M, Chen Z, Liu Y, Faran Ashraf Baig MM, Liu F, Chen Z. Application Perspectives of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909526. [PMID: 35860027 PMCID: PMC9291274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that seriously threatens human health. Based on the improvement of traditional treatment methods and the development of new treatment modes, the pattern of cancer treatment is constantly being optimized. Nanomedicine plays an important role in these evolving tumor treatment modalities. In this article, we outline the applications of nanomedicine in three important tumor-related fields: chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. According to the current common problems, such as poor targeting of first-line chemotherapy drugs, easy destruction of nucleic acid drugs, and common immune-related adverse events in immunotherapy, we discuss how nanomedicine can be combined with these treatment modalities, provide typical examples, and summarize the advantages brought by the application of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yinong Liu
- Hospital Laboratory of Nangjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Nangjing, China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Novel Bio-functional, and Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fuhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Zelong Chen, ; Fuhe Liu,
| | - Zelong Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Wise Medical, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zelong Chen, ; Fuhe Liu,
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39
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Wu B, You W, Wang HL, Zhang Z, Nie X, Wang F, You YZ. Cyclic topology enhances the killing activity of polycations against planktonic and biofilm bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4823-4831. [PMID: 35266490 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, as a fortress to protect bacteria, enhance resistance to antibiotics because of their limited penetration, which has become a major threat to current anti-infective therapy. Antimicrobial polycations have received wide attention to kill planktonic bacteria because of their unique antimicrobial mechanism without drug resistance but it is still hard to kill the bacteria in the deep of the biofilm. Unlike linear polymers, the cyclic topology has been demonstrated with enhanced penetration in tissues, which is attributed to the lack of end groups, constrained conformation and a smaller hydrodynamic volume, opening a new sight of polycations in the antibacterial application against biofilms. Here, polycations with different topologies including linear and cyclic polycations were synthesized and their killing activity against planktonic and biofilm bacteria was studied. The experimental results showed the enhanced antibacterial activity of cyclic polycations for planktonic bacteria, which is presumably attributed to their smaller hydrodynamic volume, higher local density of positive charge and more interactions between cation units and the bacterial membrane than their linear analogues. Besides, cyclic polycations exhibit enhanced killing effect for biofilm bacteria and inhibition effect for biofilms with 5-7 times and 2-3 times enhancements than the linear polycations, respectively. Furthermore, an Escherichia coli infection model on mice was established and the therapeutic effects of cyclic and linear polycations were evaluated. Compared with the linear polycations, the cyclic polycations exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity with an ∼4 times increase, promoting the healing of the infected wounds. This work provides a new perspective in the development of antimicrobial polycations, which are promising therapeutic agents to kill planktonic and biofilm bacteria without drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Wei You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Hai-Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xuan Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgical, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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40
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Chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:346-367. [PMID: 35718150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is an alive and dynamic organ that is well-differentiated and originated from mesenchymal tissues. Bone undergoes continuous remodeling during the lifetime of an individual. Although knowledge regarding bones and their disorders has been constantly growing, much attention has been devoted to effective treatments that can be used, both from materials and medical performance points of view. Polymers derived from natural sources, for example polysaccharides, are generally biocompatible and are therefore considered excellent candidates for various biomedical applications. This review outlines the development of chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders including bone fracture, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, arthritis rheumatoid, and osteosarcoma. Different examples of chitosan-based formulations in the form of gels, micro/nanoparticles, and films are discussed herein. The work also reviews recent patents and important developments related to the use of chitosan in the treatment of bone disorders. Although most of the cited research was accomplished before reaching the clinical application level, this manuscript summarizes the latest achievements within chitosan-based biomaterials used for the treatment of bone disorders and provides perspectives for future scientific activities.
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41
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Li X, Omonova Tuychi Qizi C, Mohamed Khamis A, Zhang C, Su Z. Nanotechnology for Enhanced Cytoplasmic and Organelle Delivery of Bioactive Molecules to Immune Cells. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1065-1083. [PMID: 35661086 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells stand as a critical component of the immune system to maintain the internal environment homeostasis. The dysfunction of immune cells can result in various life-threatening diseases, including refractory infection, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, strategies to standardize or even enhance the function of immune cells are critical. Recently, nanotechnology has been highly researched and extensively applied for enhancing the cytoplasmic delivery of bioactive molecules to immune cells, providing efficient approaches to correct in vivo and in vitro dysfunction of immune cells. This review focuses on the technologies and challenges involved in improving endo-lysosomal escape, cytoplasmic release and organelle targeted delivery of different bioactive molecules in immune cells. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the broader vision of applying nanotechnology for treating immune cell-related diseases and constructing immune therapies and cytopharmaceuticals as potential treatments for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Charos Omonova Tuychi Qizi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Amari Mohamed Khamis
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhigui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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42
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Nie W, Chen J, Wang B, Gao X. Nonviral vector system for cancer immunogene therapy. MEDCOMM – BIOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mba2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
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43
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Yan J, Liu X, Wu F, Ge C, Ye H, Chen X, Wei Y, Zhou R, Duan S, Zhu R, Zheng Y, Yin L. Platelet Pharmacytes for the Hierarchical Amplification of Antitumor Immunity in Response to Self-Generated Immune Signals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109517. [PMID: 35388551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Systemic immunosuppression mediated by tumor-derived exosomes is an important cause for the resistance of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Herein, self-adaptive platelet (PLT) pharmacytes are engineered to mediate cascaded delivery of exosome-inhibiting siRNA and anti-PD-L1 (aPDL1) toward synergized antitumor immunity. In the pharmacytes, polycationic nanocomplexes (NCs) assembled from Rab27 siRNA (siRab) and a membrane-penetrating polypeptide are encapsulated inside the open canalicular system of PLTs, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)-responsive aPDL1 nanogels (NGs) are covalently backpacked on the PLT surface. Upon systemic administration, the pharmacytes enable prolonged blood circulation and active accumulation to tumors, wherein PLTs are activated to liberate siRab NCs, which efficiently transfect tumor cells, silence Rab27a, and inhibit exosome secretion. The immunosuppression is thus relieved, leading to the activation, proliferation, and tumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, which trigger latent aPDL1 release. As such, the competitive aPDL1 exhaustion by PD-L1-expressing exosomes is minimized to sensitize ICB. Synergistically, siRab and aPDL1 induce strong antitumor immunological response and memory against syngeneic murine melanoma. This study reports a bioinspired mechanism to resolve the blood circulation/cell internalization contradiction of polycationic siRNA delivery systems, and renders an enlightened approach for the spatiotemporal enhancement of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenglong Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingye Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renxiang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Qin S, Tang X, Chen Y, Chen K, Fan N, Xiao W, Zheng Q, Li G, Teng Y, Wu M, Song X. mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:166. [PMID: 35597779 PMCID: PMC9123296 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent. This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases. In addition, in vitro transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production, which is more effective, faster in design and production, as well as more flexible and cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer. Based on these extraordinary advantages, mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of the swiftest response to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as the currently devastating pandemic COVID-19. It has always been the scientists’ desire to improve the stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, and delivery system to achieve efficient and safe delivery of mRNA. Excitingly, these scientific dreams have gradually been realized with the rapid, amazing achievements of molecular biology, RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology. In this review, we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics, including their principles, manufacture, application, effects, and shortcomings. We also highlight the importance of mRNA optimization and delivery systems in successful mRNA therapeutics and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing these tools into powerful and versatile tools to combat many genetic, infectious, cancer, and other refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshan Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kepan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Teng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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45
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Yan Y, Zhang G, Wu C, Ren Q, Liu X, Huang F, Cao Y, Ye W. Structural Exploration of Polycationic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1964-1974. [PMID: 35380797 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach to the treatment of genetic diseases by the specific knockdown of target genes. Functional polymers are potential vehicles for the effective delivery of vulnerable small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is required for the broad application of RNAi-based therapeutics. The development of methods for the facile modulation of chemical structures of polymeric carriers and an elucidation of detailed delivery mechanisms remain important areas of research. In this paper, we synthesized a series of methacrylate-based polymers with controllable structures and narrow distributions by atom transfer radical polymerization using various combinations of cationic monomers (2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and 2-dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate) and hydrophobic monomers (2-butyl methacrylate (BMA), cyclohexyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate). These polymers exhibited varying hydrophobicities, charge densities, and pKa values, enabling the discovery of effective carriers for siRNA by in vitro delivery assays. For the polymers with BMA segments, 50% of cationic segments were beneficial to the formation of siRNA nanoparticles (NPs) and the in vitro delivery of siRNA. The optimal ratio varied for different combinations of cationic and hydrophobic segments. In particular, 20k PMB 0.5, PME 0.5, and PEB 1.0 showed >75% luciferase knockdown. Efficacious delivery was dependent on high siRNA binding, the small size of NPs, and balanced hydrophobicity and charge density. Cellular uptake and endosomal escape experiments indicated that carboxybetaine modification of 20k PMB 0.5 did not remarkably affect the internalization of corresponding NPs after incubation for 6 h but significantly reduced the endosomal escape of NPs, which leads to the notable decrease in delivery efficacy of polymers. These results provide insights into the mechanism of polymer-based siRNA delivery and may inspire the development of novel polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chengfan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qidi Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wenbo Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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46
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Le TMD, Yoon AR, Thambi T, Yun CO. Polymeric Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826876. [PMID: 35273607 PMCID: PMC8902250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds enormous promise to create a new outlook of cancer therapy by eliminating tumors via activation of the immune system. In immunotherapy, polymeric systems play a significant role in improving antitumor efficacy and safety profile. Polymeric systems possess many favorable properties, including magnificent biocompatibility and biodegradability, structural and component diversity, easy and controllable fabrication, and high loading capacity for immune-related substances. These properties allow polymeric systems to perform multiple functions in immunotherapy, such as immune stimulants, modifying and activating T cells, delivery system for immune cargos, or as an artificial antigen-presenting cell. Among diverse immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell, and oncolytic virus recently have been dramatically investigated for their remarkable success in clinical trials. In this report, we review the monotherapy status of immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell, and oncolytic virus, and their current combination strategies with diverse polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Minh Duy Le
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanayang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanayang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanayang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanayang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanayang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanayang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
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Chuang ST, Conklin B, Stein JB, Pan G, Lee KB. Nanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:19. [PMID: 35482149 PMCID: PMC9047473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has reached clinical success in the last decade, with the emergence of new and effective treatments such as checkpoint blockade therapy and CAR T-cell therapy that have drastically improved patient outcomes. Still, these therapies can be improved to limit off-target effects, mitigate systemic toxicities, and increase overall efficacies. Nanoscale engineering offers strategies that enable researchers to attain these goals through the manipulation of immune cell functions, such as enhancing immunity against cancers and pathogens, controlling the site of immune response, and promoting tolerance via the delivery of small molecule drugs or biologics. By tuning the properties of the nanomaterials, such as size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry, different types of immune cells can be targeted and engineered, such as dendritic cells for immunization, or T cells for promoting adaptive immunity. Researchers have come to better understand the critical role the immune system plays in the progression of pathologies besides cancer, and developing nanoengineering approaches that seek to harness the potential of immune cell activities can lead to favorable outcomes for the treatment of injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar T Chuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joshua B Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - George Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Hydrophilic Random Cationic Copolymers as Polyplex-Formation Vectors for DNA. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072650. [PMID: 35407982 PMCID: PMC9000809 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the improvement and fabrication of polymeric systems as non-viral gene delivery carriers is required for their implementation in gene therapy. Random copolymers have not been extensively utilized for these purposes. In this regard, double hydrophilic poly[(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-co-(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA)] random copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The copolymers were further modified by quaternization of DMAEMA tertiary amine, producing the cationic P(QDMAEMA-co-OEGMA) derivatives. Fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy revealed the efficient interaction of copolymers aggregates with linear DNAs of different lengths, forming polyplexes, with the quaternized copolymer aggregates exhibiting stronger binding affinity. Light scattering techniques evidenced the formation of polyplexes whose size, molar mass, and surface charge strongly depend on the N/P ratio (nitrogen (N) of the amine group of DMAEMA/QDMAEMA over phosphate (P) groups of DNA), DNA length, and length of the OEGMA chain. Polyplexes presented colloidal stability under physiological ionic strength as shown by dynamic light scattering. In vitro cytotoxicity of the empty nanocarriers was evaluated on HEK293 as a control cell line. P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymer aggregates were further assessed for their biocompatibility on 4T1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T47D breast cancer cell lines presenting high cell viability rates.
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Berger S, Berger M, Bantz C, Maskos M, Wagner E. Performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications: The in vitro/ in vivo discrepancy. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:011303. [PMID: 38505225 PMCID: PMC10903387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has a great potential to revolutionize the therapeutic landscape. However, up-to-date results obtained from in vitro experiments predict the in vivo performance of nanoparticles weakly or not at all. There is a need for in vitro experiments that better resemble the in vivo reality. As a result, animal experiments can be reduced, and potent in vivo candidates will not be missed. It is important to gain a deeper knowledge about nanoparticle characteristics in physiological environment. In this context, the protein corona plays a crucial role. Its formation process including driving forces, kinetics, and influencing factors has to be explored in more detail. There exist different methods for the investigation of the protein corona and its impact on physico-chemical and biological properties of nanoparticles, which are compiled and critically reflected in this review article. The obtained information about the protein corona can be exploited to optimize nanoparticles for in vivo application. Still the translation from in vitro to in vivo remains challenging. Functional in vitro screening under physiological conditions such as in full serum, in 3D multicellular spheroids/organoids, or under flow conditions is recommended. Innovative in vivo screening using barcoded nanoparticles can simultaneously test more than hundred samples regarding biodistribution and functional delivery within a single mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig–Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, D-55129 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig–Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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50
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Han B, Song Y, Park J, Doh J. Nanomaterials to improve cancer immunotherapy based on ex vivo engineered T cells and NK cells. J Control Release 2022; 343:379-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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