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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Kim J, Pak SC. Rice bran arabinoxylan compound as a natural product for cancer treatment - an evidence-based assessment of the effects and mechanisms. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:367-393. [PMID: 38745507 PMCID: PMC11097709 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2349042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a natural immunomodulator with anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE This study critically evaluates the available evidence on the biological pathways of RBAC and its effects on cancer treatment. METHODS This secondary analysis of a scoping review includes studies evaluating the mechanisms of RBAC on healthy or malignant cells, animal models, or humans for cancer prevention or treatment. Data from randomized controlled trials on survival and quality of life outcomes were subjectd to meta analysis. RESULTS The evidence synthesis was based on 38 articles. RBAC exhibited antitumor properties by promoting apoptosis and restoring immune function in cancer patients to enhance inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to block tumorigenesis. RBAC works synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents by upregulating drug transport. In a clinical trial, combining RBAC with chemoembolization in treating liver cancer showed improved response, reduced recurrence rates, and prolonged survival. RBAC also augments the endogenous antioxidant system to prevent oxidative stress and protect against radiation side effects. In addition, RBAC has chemoprotective effects. Animals and humans have exhibited reduced toxicity and side effects from chemotherapy. Meta analysis indicates that RBAC treatment increases the survival odds by 4.02-times (95% CI: 1.67, 9.69) in the first year and 2.89-times (95% CI: 1.56, 5.35) in the second year. CONCLUSION RBAC is a natural product with immense potential in cancer treatment. Additional research is needed to characterize, quantify, and standardize the active ingredients in RBAC responsible for the anticancer effects. More well-designed, large-scale clinical trials are required to substantiate the treatment efficacies further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,Australia
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
| | - Jeanman Kim
- STR Biotech Co. Ltd, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,Australia
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Moerings BGJ, Mes JJ, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Govers C, van Dijk M, Witkamp RF, van Norren K, Abbring S. Dietary Intake of Yeast-Derived β-Glucan and Rice-Derived Arabinoxylan Induces Dose-Dependent Innate Immune Priming in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300829. [PMID: 38682734 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Beta-glucans and arabinoxylans are known for their immunostimulatory properties. However, in vivo these have been documented almost exclusively following parenteral administration, underemphasizing oral intake. C57BL/6 mice are fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with yeast-derived whole β-glucan particle (yWGP) or with rice-derived arabinoxylan (rice bran-1) at a concentration of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% weight/weight (w/w) for 2 weeks. Thereafter, cells from blood, bone marrow, and spleen are collected for ex vivo stimulation with various microbial stimuli. Dietary intake of yWGP for 2 weeks at concentrations of 1% and 2.5% w/w increases ex vivo cytokine production in mouse blood and bone marrow, whereas 5% w/w yWGP shows no effect. In the spleen, cytokine production remains unaffected by yWGP. At a concentration of 1% w/w, rice bran-1 increases ex vivo cytokine production by whole blood, but 2.5% and 5% w/w cause inhibitory effects in bone marrow and spleen. This study demonstrates that dietary yWGP and rice bran-1 induce immune priming in mouse blood and bone marrow, with the strongest effects observed at 1% w/w. Future human trials should substantiate the efficacy of dietary β-glucans and arabinoxylans to bolster host immunity, focusing on dose optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Moerings
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | | | - Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
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Kenawy ER, El-Moaty MSA, Ghoneum M, Soliman HMA, El-Shanshory AA, Shendy S. Biobran-loaded core/shell nanofibrous scaffold: a promising wound dressing candidate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4930-4945. [PMID: 38327812 PMCID: PMC10848241 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08609g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examined the effectiveness of Biobran as a bioactive substance that could potentially improve wound healing. It also looked at how Biobran affects the properties of a nanofibrous scaffold made through coaxial electrospinning. This is the first study exploring the use of Biobran in this context and its interaction with nanofibrous scaffolds. The scaffolds were composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in the shell and various concentrations of Biobran blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the core. The properties of the scaffolds were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, stress-strain test, WCA, release test, MTT cytotoxicity assay, wound scratching assay, and the dye exclusion method using trypan blue. The scaffolds loaded with Biobran exhibited a more compact and smooth morphology compared with the scaffold without Biobran. The physical interaction and crystallinity of the polymers in the scaffolds were also affected by Biobran in a concentration-dependent manner. This positively influenced their tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and hydrophilicity. The porosity, water uptake capacity, and WVTR of the nanofibrous scaffolds are within the optimal ranges for wound healing. The release rate of Biobran, which revealed a biphasic release pattern, decreased with increasing Biobran concentration, resulting in controlled and sustained delivery of Biobran from the nanofiber scaffolds. The cell viability assays showed a dose-dependent effect of Biobran on WISH cells, which might be attributed to the positive effect of Biobran on the physicochemical properties of the nanofibrous scaffolds. These findings suggest that Biobran-loaded core/shell nanofiber scaffolds have a potential application in wound healing as an ideal multifunctional wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Mohammed S A El-Moaty
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science 1731 E. 120th Street Los Angeles CA 90059 USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Hesham M A Soliman
- Composites and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Shanshory
- Composites and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - S Shendy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
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Moerings BG, Abbring S, Tomassen MM, Schols HA, Witkamp RF, van Norren K, Govers C, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Mes JJ. Rice-derived arabinoxylan fibers are particle size-dependent inducers of trained immunity in a human macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 8:100666. [PMID: 38179220 PMCID: PMC10765302 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylans have been identified for a wide range of purported health-promoting applications, primarily attributed to its immunomodulatory effects. Previously, we have reported the ability of arabinoxylans to induce non-specific memory in innate immune cells, commonly referred to as "trained innate immunity". In the present study, we investigated the effect of particle size on innate immune training and resilience in primary human macrophages as well as in a more physiologically relevant macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model. We demonstrated that smaller (>45 & < 90 μm) compared to larger (>90 μm) particle size fractions of rice bran-derived arabinoxylan preparations have a higher enhancing effect on training and resilience in both models. Smaller particle size fractions elevated TNF-α production in primary macrophages and enhanced Dectin-1 receptor activation in reporter cell lines compared to larger particles. Responses were arabinoxylan source specific as only the rice-derived arabinoxylans showed these immune-supportive effects. This particle size-dependent induction of trained immunity was confirmed in the established co-culture model. These findings demonstrate the influence of particle size on the immunomodulatory potential of arabinoxylans, provide further insight into the structure-activity relationship, and offer new opportunities to optimize the immune-enhancing effects of these dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G.J. Moerings
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monic M.M. Tomassen
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Noormohammadi M, Ghorbani Z, Shahinfar H, Shidfar F. Is there any hepatic impact associated with rice bran arabinoxylan compound supplementation? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:665-675. [PMID: 37739721 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC) results from an enzymatic modification of rice bran, which is reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the hepatic adverse effects of RBAC by assessing the effect through liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). METHODS In the present study, the Medline (PubMed), Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant publications from the beginning to October 2022. The meta-analysis was based on the Mixed effect model to generate the mean effect sizes in weighted mean differences (WMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Chi-squared test, and the analysis of Galbraith plots was applied. RESULTS Subgroup meta-analysis on five eligible randomized controlled trials (n = 239) showed a significant decrease in serum AST regarding RBAC supplementation in powder form (WMD (95%CI) = -3.52 (-5.62, -1.42) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 46.9; P heterogeneity = 0.170), three months and more supplementation duration (WMD (95%CI) = -3.71 (-5.95, -1.48) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 29.9; P heterogeneity = 0.240) and studies with a good quality (WMD (95%CI) = -3.52 (-5.62, -1.42) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 46.9; P heterogeneity = 0.170). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, RBAC supplementation seems to not have any hepatic adverse effects and its supplementation as powder or for three months and more may decrease serum AST levels. However, we need further studies to confirm the results. REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYZES CRD42022361002, registration time: 29/09/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Pak SC. Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease-A scoping review with bibliometric analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290314. [PMID: 37651416 PMCID: PMC10470915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a polysaccharide modified by Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme widely used as a nutraceutical. To explore translational research on RBAC, a scoping review was conducted to synthesise research evidence from English (MEDLINE, ProQuest, CENTRAL, Emcare, CINAHL+, Web of Science), Japanese (CiNii, J-Stage), Korean (KCI, RISS, ScienceON), and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang) sources while combining bibliometrics and network analyses for data visualisation. Searches were conducted between September and October 2022. Ninety-eight articles on RBAC and the biological activities related to human health or disease were included. Research progressed with linear growth (median = 3/year) from 1998 to 2022, predominantly on Biobran MGN-3 (86.73%) and contributed by 289 authors from 100 institutions across 18 countries. Clinical studies constitute 61.1% of recent articles (2018 to 2022). Over 50% of the research was from the USA (29/98, 29.59%) and Japan (22/98, 22.45%). A shifting focus from immuno-cellular activities to human translations over the years was shown via keyword visualisation. Beneficial effects of RBAC include immunomodulation, synergistic anticancer properties, hepatoprotection, antiinflammation, and antioxidation. As an oral supplement taken as an adjuvant during chemoradiotherapy, cancer patients reported reduced side effects and improved quality of life in human studies, indicating RBAC's impact on the psycho-neuro-immune axis. RBAC has been studied in 17 conditions, including cancer, liver diseases, HIV, allergy, chronic fatigue, gastroenteritis, cold/flu, diabetes, and in healthy participants. Further translational research on the impact on patient and community health is required for the evidence-informed use of RBAC in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Pak SC. Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan by Lentinus edodes Mycelial Enzyme as an Immunoceutical for Health and Aging-A Comprehensive Literature Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6313. [PMID: 37687141 PMCID: PMC10488663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran enzymatically treated with Lentinus edodes mycelium. This review explores biologically active compounds and mechanisms of action that support RBAC as an immunomodulating nutraceutical in generally healthy and/or aging individuals. Thirty-seven (n = 37) primary research articles fulfilled the selection criteria for review. Most research is based on Biobran MGN-3, which consists of complex heteropolysaccharides with arabinoxylan as its primary structure while also containing galactan and glucan. RBAC was found to invoke immunological activities through direct absorption via the digestive tract and interaction with immune cells at the Peyer's patches. RBAC was shown to promote innate defence by upregulating macrophage phagocytosis and enhancing natural killer cell activity while lowering oxidative stress. Through induction of dendritic cell maturation, RBAC also augments adaptive immunity by promoting T and B lymphocyte proliferation. RBAC acts as an immunomodulator by inhibiting mast cell degranulation during allergic reactions, attenuating inflammation, and downregulating angiogenesis by modulating cytokines and growth factors. RBAC has been shown to be a safe and effective nutraceutical for improving immune health, notably in aging individuals with reduced immune function. Human clinical trials with geriatric participants have demonstrated RBAC to have prophylactic benefits against viral infection and may improve their quality of life. Further research should explore RBAC's bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the complex heteropolysaccharides within. Translational research to assess RBAC as a nutraceutical for the aging population is still required, particularly in human studies with larger sample sizes and cohort studies with long follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia;
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia;
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia;
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Dectin-1b activation by arabinoxylans induces trained immunity in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:942-950. [PMID: 35447262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans of various structures and sources have shown to possess the ability to induce a range of immune responses in different cell types in vitro and in vivo. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully established, several studies point towards the involvement of activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation of specific PRRs (i.e., Dectin-1 and CR3) has also been shown to play a key role in the induction of a non-specific memory response in innate immune cells, termed 'trained innate immunity'. In the current study, we assessed whether arabinoxylans are also able to induce trained innate immunity. To this end, a range of arabinoxylan preparations from different sources were tested for their physicochemical properties and their capacity to induce innate immune training and resilience. In human macrophages, rice and wheat-derived arabinoxylan preparations induced training and/or resilience effects, the extent depending on fiber particle size and solubility. Using a Dectin-1 antagonist or a CR3 antibody, it was demonstrated that arabinoxylan-induced trained immunity in macrophages is mainly dependent on Dectin-1b. These findings build on previous observations showing the immunomodulatory potential of arabinoxylans as biological response modifiers and open up promising avenues for their use as health promoting ingredients.
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Sapwarobol S, Saphyakhajorn W, Astina J. Biological Functions and Activities of Rice Bran as a Functional Ingredient: A Review. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211058559. [PMID: 34898989 PMCID: PMC8655829 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211058559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) is a nutrient-rich by-product of the rice milling process. It consists of pericarp, seed coat, nucellus, and aleurone layer. RB is a rich source of a protein, fat, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (mainly oryzanols and tocopherols), and is currently mostly used as animal feed. Various studies have revealed the beneficial health effects of RB, which result from its functional components including dietary fiber, rice bran protein, and gamma-oryzanol. The health effects of RB including antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, hypotensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, while its consumption also improves bowel function. These health benefits have drawn increasing attention to RB in food applications and as a nutraceutical product to mitigate metabolic risk factors in humans. This review therefore focuses on RB and its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimol Sapwarobol
- The Medical Food Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weeraya Saphyakhajorn
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Junaida Astina
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Elsaid AF, Agrawal S, Agrawal A, Ghoneum M. Dietary Supplementation with Biobran/MGN-3 Increases Innate Resistance and Reduces the Incidence of Influenza-like Illnesses in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114133. [PMID: 34836388 PMCID: PMC8618540 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza-like illness (ILI) remains a major cause of severe mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Aging is associated with a decreased ability to sense pathogens and mount effective innate and adaptive immune responses, thus mandating the development of protective nutraceuticals. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan from rice bran, has potent anti-aging and immunomodulatory effects, suggesting that it may be effective against ILI. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on ILI incidence, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and the expressions of RIG-1 (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5), and their downstream signaling genes ISG-15 (interferon-stimulated genes 15) and MX1 (myxovirus (influenza) resistance 1, interferon-inducible). A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included eighty healthy older adults over 55 years old, 40 males and 40 females, who received either a placebo or Biobran/MGN-3 (500 mg/day) for 3 months during known ILI seasonality (peak incidence) in Egypt. The incidence of ILI was confirmed clinically according to the WHO case definition criteria. Hematological, hepatic, and renal parameters were assessed in all subjects, while the activity of NK and NKT (natural killer T) cells was assessed in six randomly chosen subjects in each group by the degranulation assay. The effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on RIG-1 and MDA5, as well as downstream ISG15 and MX1, was assessed in BEAS-2B pulmonary epithelial cells using flow cytometry. The incidence rate and incidence density of ILI in the Biobran/MGN-3 group were 5.0% and 0.57 cases per 1000 person-days, respectively, compared to 22.5% and 2.95 cases per 1000 person-days in the placebo group. Furthermore, Biobran/MGN-3 ingestion significantly enhanced NK activity compared to the basal levels and to the placebo group. In addition, Biobran/MGN-3 significantly upregulated the expression levels of RIG-1, MDA5, ISG15, and MX1 in the human pulmonary epithelial BEAS-2B cell lines. No side effects were observed. Taken together, Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation enhanced the innate immune response of elderly subjects by upregulating the NK activity associated with reduction of ILI incidence. It also upregulated the intracellular RIG-1, MDA5, ISG15, and MX1 expression in pulmonary epithelial tissue cultures. Biobran/MGN-3 could be a novel agent with prophylactic effects against a wide spectrum of respiratory viral infections that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Elsaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
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Molecular modification, structural characterization, and biological activity of xylans. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118248. [PMID: 34294285 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The differences in the source and structure of xylans make them have various biological activities. However, due to their inherent structural limitations, the various biological activities of xylans are far lower than those of commercial drugs. Currently, several types of molecular modification methods have been developed to address these limitations, and many derivatives with specific biological activity have been obtained. Further research on structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action is of great significance for the development of xylan derivatives. Therefore, the major molecular modification methods of xylans are introduced in this paper, and the primary structure and conformation characteristics of xylans and their derivatives are summarized. In addition, the biological activity and structure-activity relationship of the modified xylans are also discussed.
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The Health-Promoting Properties and Clinical Applications of Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Modified with Shiitake Mushroom Enzyme-A Narrative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092539. [PMID: 33925340 PMCID: PMC8123671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran hydrolyzed with Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme. It has been marketed as a functional food and a nutraceutical with health-promoting properties. Some research has demonstrated this rice bran derivative to be a potent immunomodulator, which also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic properties. To date, research on RBAC has predominantly focused on its immunomodulatory action and application as a complementary therapy for cancer. Nonetheless, the clinical applications of RBAC can extend beyond cancer therapy. This article is a narrative review of the research on the potential benefits of RBAC for cancer and other health conditions based on the available literature. RBAC research has shown it to be useful as a complementary treatment for cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection. It can positively modulate serum glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in diabetic patients. Additionally, RBAC has been shown to ameliorate irritable bowel syndrome and protect against liver injury caused by hepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It can potentially ease symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome and prevent the common cold. RBAC is safe to consume and has no known side effects at the typical dosage of 2–3 g/day. Nevertheless, further research in both basic studies and human clinical trials are required to investigate the clinical applications, mechanisms, and effects of RBAC.
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Protective Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 against Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model: Possible Role of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8845064. [PMID: 33574982 PMCID: PMC7857904 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8845064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and irreversible brain disease that affects an increasing number of aged individuals, mandating the development of protective nutraceuticals. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan from rice bran, has potent antioxidant, antiaging, and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Biobran against sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD). SAD was induced in mice via intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg). STZ-treated mice were administered with Biobran for 21 days. The effects of Biobran on memory and learning were measured via the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze tests. Biomarkers for apoptosis, oxidative stress, and amyloidogenesis were measured using ELISA and western blot analysis. Histopathological examination was performed to confirm neuronal damage and amyloid-beta deposition. Biobran reversed the spatial memory deficit in SAD-induced mice, and it increased the expression of glutathione, reduced malondialdehyde, decreased IL-6, decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and significantly increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, Biobran exerted a protective effect against amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis via the suppression of both cleaved caspase-3 and the proapoptotic protein Bax and via the upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of forkhead box class O proteins. It could be concluded from this study that Biobran may be a useful nutritional antioxidant agent for protection against SAD through its activation of the gene expression of Nrf2/ARE, which in turn modulates the apoptotic and amyloidogenic pathways.
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Zhang J, He Y, Zhou J, Shen T, Hu W. Immunomodulatory effects of wheat bran arabinoxylan on RAW264.7 macrophages via the NF-κB signaling pathway using RNA-seq analysis. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110067. [PMID: 33648290 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX) extracted from wheat bran has attracted much attention due to its immunomodulatory activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptional study to investigate genetic changes related to AX and identified 2325 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology classification revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in a series of immune-related processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in top 20 pathways, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. Validation using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dynamic changes in the mRNA levels of immune-related Cd40, Csf1, Csf2, Fas, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-5, Irf1, and Tnfaip3, which were significantly up-regulated in the AX-treated group. Moreover, AX treatment led to the up-regulation of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and its upstream target proteins such as PDK1, Akt, IκB-α, and GSK-3β. The dataset compiled from this study provides valuable information for further research on the complex molecular mechanisms associated with AX and the identification of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Ting Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
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Sohag AAM, Hannan MA, Rahman S, Hossain M, Hasan M, Khan MK, Khatun A, Dash R, Uddin MJ. Revisiting potential druggable targets against SARS-CoV-2 and repurposing therapeutics under preclinical study and clinical trials: A comprehensive review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:919-941. [PMID: 32632960 PMCID: PMC7361641 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is one of the most contagious diseases in human history that has already affected millions of lives worldwide. To date, no vaccines or effective therapeutics have been discovered yet that may successfully treat COVID-19 patients or contain the transmission of the virus. Scientific communities across the globe responded rapidly and have been working relentlessly to develop drugs and vaccines, which may require considerable time. In this uncertainty, repurposing the existing antiviral drugs could be the best strategy to speed up the discovery of effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, drug repurposing may leave some vital information on druggable targets that could be capitalized in target-based drug discovery. Information on possible drug targets and the progress on therapeutic and vaccine development also needs to be updated. In this review, we revisited the druggable targets that may hold promise in the development of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent. Progresses on the development of potential therapeutics and vaccines that are under the preclinical studies and clinical trials have been highlighted. We anticipate that this review will provide valuable information that would help to accelerate the development of therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh
- Department of AnatomyDongguk University College of MedicineGyeongju38066South Korea
- ABEx Bio‐Research CenterEast Azampur, DhakaBangladesh
| | - Sadaqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Motaher Hossain
- Department of Biological SciencesThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial BiotechnologySylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Kawsar Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amena Khatun
- Northern International Medical College HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of AnatomyDongguk University College of MedicineGyeongju38066South Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio‐Research CenterEast Azampur, DhakaBangladesh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyEwha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Ji MG, Lee YR, Nam YH, Castañeda R, Hong BN, Kang TH. Immunostimulatory Action of High-Content Active Arabinoxylan in Rice Bran. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26374-26381. [PMID: 33110965 PMCID: PMC7581081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory activity comprises specific and nonspecific immune responses stimulated by internal and external factors. Arabinoxylan is well known for its immunostimulatory activity in vivo and in vitro, although the biological activities of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides depend on their structural features. In this study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the immunostimulatory activity of high-content active arabinoxylan (HCAA) obtained from rice bran through bioconversion by microorganisms and acid hydrolysis. Three microorganisms, Penicillium rocheforti, Aspergillus oryzae, and Pleurotus osteatus, and three different acid concentrations of hydrochloric acid (5, 10, and 20%) and acetic acid (25, 50, and 75%) were used for producing HCAA. HPLC analysis of arabinose and xylose content revealed that fermentation with P. rocheforti followed by hydrolysis with 5% hydrochloric acid was the most efficient to produce HCAA. GPC analysis of HCAA indicates that HCAA is a complex of various forms of saccharides and shows an average molecular weight of 625. Further, in vitro evaluation disclosed that exposure to HCAA (10-200 μg/mL) increased cell viability in mice splenic cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, exposure of mice to oral administration of HCAA (100 mg/kg) for 4-7 days increased lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)- and macrophage-mediated cytotoxic activity in cancer cells (YAC-1). Furthermore, in vitro exposure to HCAA and oral administrations in mice revealed increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein expression through western blot analysis in RAW 264.7 cells and isolated splenic cells. Our results suggest that HCAA developed by bioconversion and acid hydrolysis may enhance immune responses in vivo and in vitro.
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Ooi SL, Pak SC, Micalos PS, Schupfer E, Zielinski R, Jeffries T, Harris G, Golombick T, McKinnon D. Rice bran arabinoxylan compound and quality of life of cancer patients (RBAC-QoL): Study protocol for a randomized pilot feasibility trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100580. [PMID: 32548333 PMCID: PMC7284132 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a nutraceutical for enhancing a depleted immune system during and after cancer treatment. This pilot feasibility trial aims to evaluate the effects of RBAC on cancer patients' quality of life during active treatment, compared to placebo, using a validated questionnaire. Other outcome measures include changes in inflammatory and nutritional status, cytokine profile, and gut microbiota. Methods/Design The study will recruit 50 participants from a regional cancer center in Australia. Patients aged 18–70, diagnosed with solid organ cancers stage II and above, and currently undergoing active systemic therapies, are eligible. Random allocation of participants into two groups is stratified based on metastatic status and treatment type. The dosage is either 3 g/day of RBAC or placebo in identical packaging. The participants, study coordinator, and treating oncologists are blinded to the interventions. Data collections are at baseline and at four follow-up sessions, which are six weeks apart (24 weeks). Statistical analysis will involve a protected p-value with multiple dependent values and analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures on the occasion of testing and with both a full Bonferroni or Sidak corrections applied to protect against Type I errors. Any observed significance warrants further analysis with pairwise comparisons. Analysis of covariance will also be performed to assess any influence of the demographic data, cancer diagnosis, as well as changes in physical activity, dietary habits, and complementary medicine usage. Comparisons of gut microbiota will be based on the analysis of the fecal microbiome using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid amplicon sequencing. The proposed research timeline is from October 2018 to May 2022. Trial registration ANZCTR. Reg No: ACTRN12619000562178p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Avenue, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia.
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
| | - Emily Schupfer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
| | - Rob Zielinski
- Central West Cancer Centre, Orange Health Service, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Thomas Jeffries
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Garth Harris
- BioMedica Nutraceuticals Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | | | - David McKinnon
- Edith Cowan Institute for Education Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Badr El-Din NK, Ali DA, Othman R, French SW, Ghoneum M. Chemopreventive role of arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3/Biobran, on liver carcinogenesis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110064. [PMID: 32278271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and one of the most lethal. MGN-3/Biobran is a natural product derived from rice bran hemicelluloses and has been reported to possess a potent anticancer effect in a clinical study of patients with HCC. The current study examines the mechanisms by which Biobran protects against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The chemical carcinogen used in this study is N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) plus carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Rats were treated with this carcinogen, and the animals were pretreated or posttreated with Biobran via intraperitoneal injections until the end of the experiment. Treatment with Biobran resulted in: 1) significant alleviation of liver preneoplastic lesions towards normal hepatocellular architecture in association with inhibition of collagen fiber deposition; 2) arrest of cancer cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle; 3) increased DNA fragmentation in cancer cells; 4) down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated expression of p53, Bax, and caspase-3; and 5) protection against carcinogen-induced suppression of IkappaB-alpha (IκB-α) mRNA expression and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/p65) expression. Additionally, the effect of Biobran treatment was found to be more significant when supplemented prior to carcinogen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as compared to posttreatment. We conclude that Biobran inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by mechanisms that include induction of apoptosis, inhibition of inflammation, and suppression of cancer cell proliferation. Biobran may be a promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doaa A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reem Othman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
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Cereal-derived arabinoxylans: Structural features and structure–activity correlations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ghoneum M, El-Din NKB, Mahmoud AZ, Tolentino L, Pan D, Hassan TA. Dietary baker's yeast sensitizes Ehrlich mammary adenocarcinoma to paclitaxel in mice bearing tumor. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3155-3166. [PMID: 31002367 PMCID: PMC6489018 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to sensitize a variety of breast cancer cell (BCC) lines to paclitaxel chemotherapy in vitro. The present study evaluated the ability of S. cerevisiae to sensitize BCCs to paclitaxel in animals bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Mice bearing EAC were intratumorally injected with dead S. cerevisiae (1x107 cells/ml) in the presence or absence of low- and high-dose paclitaxel [paclitaxel-L, 2 mg/kg body weight (BW) and paclitaxel-H, 10 mg/kg BW, respectively]. At 30 days post tumor inoculation, co-treatment with yeast plus paclitaxel-L showed improvements over paclitaxel-H alone, as measured by tumor weight (-64 vs. -53%), DNA damage (+79 vs. +62%), tumor cell apoptosis (+217 vs. +177%), cell proliferation (-56 vs. -42%) and Ki-67 marker (+95 vs. +40%). Histopathology and ultra-structural examinations showed that yeast plus paclitaxel-L enhanced apoptosis in EAC more than paclitaxel-H alone and caused comparable tumor necrosis. We conclude that baker's yeast may be used with low-dose chemotherapy to achieve the same potency as high-dose chemotherapy in mice bearing EAC. This suggests that baker's yeast may be an anticancer adjuvant and may have clinical implications for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Nariman K. Badr El-Din
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Z. Mahmoud
- Urology and Nephrology Center, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Lucilene Tolentino
- Department of Pathology, Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Deyu Pan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Tahia Ali Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Chen Z, Li S, Fu Y, Li C, Chen D, Chen H. Arabinoxylan structural characteristics, interaction with gut microbiota and potential health functions. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Yang LC, Lai CY, Hsieh CC, Lin WC. Natural killer cell–mediated anticancer effects of an arabinogalactan derived from rice hull in CT26 colon cancer–bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:368-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mendez-Encinas MA, Carvajal-Millan E, Rascon-Chu A, Astiazaran-Garcia HF, Valencia-Rivera DE. Ferulated Arabinoxylans and Their Gels: Functional Properties and Potential Application as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2314759. [PMID: 30186541 PMCID: PMC6116397 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2314759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, biomedical research has focused its efforts in the development of new oral delivery systems for the treatment of different diseases. Ferulated arabinoxylans are polysaccharides from cereals that have been gaining attention in the pharmaceutical field due to their prebiotic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The antioxidant and anticancer properties of these polysaccharides make them attractive compounds for the treatment of cancer, particularly colon cancer. In addition, ferulated arabinoxylans can form covalent gels through the cross-linking of their ferulic acids. Due to their particular characteristics, ferulated arabinoxylan gels represent an excellent alternative as colon-targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of the present work is to review the physicochemical and functional properties of ferulated arabinoxylans and their gels and to present the future perspectives for potential application as antioxidant and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Alejandra Mendez-Encinas
- Biopolymers, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Biopolymers, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Agustín Rascon-Chu
- Biotechnology, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | | | - Dora Edith Valencia-Rivera
- Department of Chemical Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Sonora, Avenida Universidad e Irigoyen, 83621 Caborca, SON, Mexico
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Liu S, Zhuang X, Zhang X, Han W, Liu Y, Sun D, Guo W. Enzymatic Modification of Rice Bran Polysaccharides by Enzymes from Grifola Frondosa: Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1948-1955. [PMID: 29939404 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) are the major active constituents of rice bran (RB). In this study, we utilized intracellular enzymes from Grifola frondosa to modify RBPSs, which were extracted from RB using ultrasound. To enhance the effect on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of modified polysaccharides (mRBPSs) generated from RBPSs, an orthogonal test (L9 [3]4 ) was employed to optimize the modification conditions. Based on the results of a single-factor test, the enzyme to polysaccharide ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pH, and reaction time were the main factors affecting mRBPSs-enhanced NK-cell cytotoxicity. The best conditions were determined to be an enzyme to polysaccharide ratio of 1:5, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, a reaction pH of 4, and a reaction time of 4 hr. By optimizing the conditions, the NK-cell cytotoxicity induced by mRBPSs6 was the highest, increasing by 12.01% ± 0.08%. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that mRBPSs6 consists of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 7:21:6:5:53:48, which was 8:13:8:5:44:44 before modification. High-performance liquid chromatography results indicated molecular weights for the RBPSs of approximately 106 Da, which decreased to 104 to 105 Da after modification. Antioxidant activity tests revealed high capacity of mRBPSs6 for scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl free radicals at 1.0 mg/mL. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Rice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) contain compounds with many biological activities. However, these polysaccharides difficult to absorb due to high molecular weights and unexposed active sites, which are the main factors that limit their use in functional foods. The results of this study demonstrate that modification of RBPSs using intracellular enzymes from an edible fungus alters the molecular weights and monosaccharide composition of RBPSs. In addition, immune and antioxidant activities of RBPSs were increased. The findings provide a new and beneficial application for rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univ., Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhuang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univ., Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Guo
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
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25
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Ooi SL, McMullen D, Golombick T, Nut D, Pak SC. Evidence-Based Review of BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan Compound as a Complementary Therapy for Conventional Cancer Treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:165-178. [PMID: 29037071 PMCID: PMC6041933 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417735379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, may not be sufficient to eradicate all malignant cells and prevent recurrence. Intensive treatment often leads to a depressed immune system, drug resistance, and toxicity, hampering the treatment outcomes. BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan is a standardized arabinoxylan concentrate which has been proposed as a plant-based immunomodulator that can restore the tumor-induced disturbance of the natural immune system, including natural killer cell activity to fight cancer, complementing conventional therapies. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively review the available evidence on the effects and efficacies of MGN-3 as a complementary therapy for conventional cancer treatment. METHODS Systematic search of journal databases and gray literature for primary studies reporting the effects of MGN-3 on cancer and cancer treatment. RESULTS Thirty full-text articles and 2 conference abstracts were included in this review. MGN-3 has been shown to possess immunomodulating anticancer effects and can work synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents, in vitro. In murine models, MGN-3 has been shown to act against carcinogenic agents, and inhibit tumor growth, either by itself or in combination with other anticancer compounds. Fourteen successful MGN-3 treated clinical cases were found. Eleven clinical studies, including 5 nonrandomized, pre-post intervention studies and 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were located. Reported effects include enhanced immunoprofile, reduced side effects, improved treatment outcomes; one RCT established significantly increased survival rates. There are no reports on adverse events on MGN-3. Most of the clinical trials are small studies with short duration. CONCLUSION There is sufficient evidence suggesting MGN-3 to be an effective immunomodulator that can complement conventional cancer treatment. However, more well-designed RCTs on MGN-3 are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- Centre of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Singapore
| | - Debbie McMullen
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Dipl Nut
- St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Pang G, Wang F, Zhang LW. Dose matters: Direct killing or immunoregulatory effects of natural polysaccharides in cancer treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:243-256. [PMID: 29804974 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural resources possess anti-tumor activities for decades, but the efficacy of polysaccharides as the adjuvant drugs for cancer treatment at prescribed doses remains open for debate. In this review, molecular mechanisms involved in direct killing effects of polysaccharides, including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and mitochondria/DNA damage were described. However, the concentrations/doses used to reach the direct killing effects are too high to be applicable. Polysaccharides can also exert anti-tumor effects through immunoregulation at lower doses, and the effects of polysaccharides on natural killer cells, dendritic cells and other lymphocytes for tumor destruction, along with the receptor recognition and downstream signaling pathways, were delineated. Unfortunately, the prescribed doses of polysaccharides are too low to stimulate immunoresponse, resulting in the failure of some clinical trials. Therefore, understanding the sophisticated mechanisms of the immunoregulatory function of natural polysaccharides with refined doses for clinical use will help the standardization of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, 322100, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, 322100, China.
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27
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss recent research on arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat byproducts and their immunomodulatory potentials. Also, a potential receptor for arabinoxylans is proposed in relation to arabinoxylans structure.
Design/methodology/approach
This review summarises recent publications on arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat, classification of arabinoxylans, a brief background on their method of extraction and their immunomodulatory potentials as they induce pro-inflammatory response in vitro, in vivo and in humans. The mechanism of action in which arabinoxylans modulate the immune activity is yet to be discovered, However, the authors have proposed a potential receptor for arabinoxylans in relation to arabinoxylans structure and molecular weight.
Findings
The effects of arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat on the immune response was found to cause a pro-inflammatory response in vitro, in vivo and in humans. Also, the immune response depends on arabinoxylans structure, the degree of branching and origin.
Originality/value
This review paper focuses on the effects of arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat on immunomodulatory potentials in vitro, in vivo and in humans. A new mechanism of action has been proposed based on the literature and via linking between arabinoxylans and lipopolysaccharide structure, molecular weight and suggested proposed receptor, which might be activated via both of them.
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28
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Elsaid AF, Shaheen M, Ghoneum M. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan rice bran, enhances NK cell activity in geriatric subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2313-2320. [PMID: 29456638 PMCID: PMC5795547 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cell function that may contribute to increased susceptibility to malignancy and infection. A preliminary investigation was conducted examining the hypothesis that arabinoxylan rice bran (Biobran/MGN-3), a denatured hemicellulose with known immunomodulatory activity, could counteract this decline in NK/NKT cell activity in geriatrics. A total of 12 healthy geriatric subjects of both sexes and over 56 years old, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of six subjects served as control and six subjects ingested Biobran/MGN-3 (500 mg/day) for 30 days. The effect of Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation on NK/NKT cell activity was assessed using the degranulation assay. All study subjects were monitored for the development of any inadvertent side effects. In addition, the pharmacological effects of Biobran/MGN-3 on blood cell components and liver and kidney functions were also assessed. Results demonstrated that Biobran/MGN-3 had no effect on the total percentage of NK cells, however it enhanced the cytotoxic activity of induced NK cell expression of cluster of differentiation 107a, when compared with baseline values and with the placebo group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there were no side effects observed, indicating that Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation was safe at the utilized dosage and for the duration of administration. Various additional beneficial effects were observed, including improved mean corpuscular volume and reduced hepatic aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels, which suggested improved liver function. It was concluded that Biobran/MGN-3 induces a significant increase in NK activity which may increase resistance to viral infections and cancers in the geriatric population. However, additional clinical trials should be conducted in the future to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Elsaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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29
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Fadel A, Mahmoud AM, Ashworth JJ, Li W, Ng YL, Plunkett A. Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:819-831. [PMID: 29133103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major dietary fibers. They are composed of backbone chains of β-(1-4)-linked xylose residues to which α-l-arabinose are linked in the second and/or third carbon positions. Recently, AXs have attracted a great deal of attention because of their biological activities such as their immunomodulatory potential. Extraction of AXs has some difficulties; therefore, various methods have been used to increase the extractability of AXs with varying degrees of success, such as alkaline, enzymatic, mechanical extraction. However, some of these treatments have been reported to be either expensive, such as enzymatic treatments, or produce hazardous wastes and are non-environmentally friendly, such as alkaline treatments. On the other hand, mechanical assisted extraction, especially extrusion cooking, is an innovative pre-treatment that has been used to increase the solubility of AXs. The aim of the current review article is to point out the health-related effects and to discuss the current research on the extraction methods of AXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmannan Fadel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition at the Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- Institute of Food Science & Innovation, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Lam Ng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Plunkett
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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30
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Park HY, Lee KW, Choi HD. Rice bran constituents: immunomodulatory and therapeutic activities. Food Funct 2017; 8:935-943. [PMID: 28224159 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran, one of the most abundant and valuable byproducts produced during the rice milling process, is of steadily growing interest in recent years due to its potential health benefits. Evidence is rapidly accumulating for the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals. However, the potential benefits of rice bran are found in several of its bioactive ingredients including oils, polysaccharides, proteins, and micronutrients. In addition, a significant advantage of rice bran is that it contains more than 100 antioxidants and several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals. As an immunomodulator, rice bran has beneficial constituents such as polysaccharides, proteins, and oils. Numerous studies also reported that potent antioxidants in rice bran included immune system enhancing compounds, such as phytosterols, polysaccharides, minerals and trace minerals including magnesium, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids and several other phytonutrients. We believe that this review will be a valuable resource for more studies on rice barn as a dietary source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, South Korea and Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Hee-Don Choi
- Division of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, South Korea.
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31
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Berraondo P, Labiano S, Minute L, Etxeberria I, Vasquez M, Sanchez-Arraez A, Teijeira A, Melero I. Cellular immunotherapies for cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017. [PMID: 28638729 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1306619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lessons learned over decades on the use of gene and cell therapies have found clinical applicability in the field of cancer immunotherapy. On December 16th, 2016 a symposium was held in Pamplona (Spain) to analyze and discuss the critical points for the clinical success of adoptive cell transfer strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Cellular immunotherapy is being currently exploited for the development of new cancer vaccines using ex vivo manipulated dendritic cells or to enhance the number of effector cells, transferring reinvigorated NK cells or T cells. In this meeting report, we summarize the main topics covered and provide an overview of the field of cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Sara Labiano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcos Vasquez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Arraez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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32
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Antimetastatic effect of glycoprotein isolated from rice bran on colon 26-M3.1 cell line. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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33
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Zhu X, Okubo A, Igari N, Ninomiya K, Egashira Y. Modified rice bran hemicellulose inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vitro via VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling pathways. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 36:45-53. [PMID: 28439487 PMCID: PMC5395424 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is implicated in diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, and retinal neovascularization. In the present study, we investigated the effects of modified rice bran hemicellulose (MRBH), a water-soluble hemicellulose preparation from rice bran treated with shiitake enzymes, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in vitro and its mechanism. We found that MRBH significantly inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts. We also observed that MRBH dose-dependently suppressed the VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, examination of the anti-angiogenic mechanism indicated that MRBH reduced not only VEGF-induced activation of VEGF receptor 2 but also of the downstream signaling proteins Akt, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These findings suggest that MRBH has in vitro anti-angiogenic effects that are partially mediated through the inhibition of VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1650-88 Okubara-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1283, Japan
| | - Aya Okubo
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1650-88 Okubara-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1283, Japan
| | - Naoki Igari
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1650-88 Okubara-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1283, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ninomiya
- Marketing Planning & Support, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Egashira
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
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34
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Badr El-Din NK, Abdel Fattah SM, Pan D, Tolentino L, Ghoneum M. Chemopreventive Activity of MGN-3/Biobran Against Chemical Induction of Glandular Stomach Carcinogenesis in Rats and Its Apoptotic Effect in Gastric Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 15:NP26-NP34. [PMID: 27151588 PMCID: PMC5739167 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416642287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the chemopreventive activity of arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3/Biobran, against chemical induction of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats. Gastric cancer was induced by carcinogen methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and rats received MNNG alone or MNNG plus Biobran (40 mg/kg body weight) for a total of 8 months. Averaged results from 2 separate readings showed that exposure to MNNG plus Biobran caused gastric dysplasia and cancer (adenocarcinoma) in 4.5/12 rats (9/24 readings, 37.5%), with 3.5/12 rats (7/24 readings, 29.2%) showing dysplasia and 1/12 rats (8.3%) developing adenocarcinoma. In contrast, in rats treated with MNNG alone, 8/10 (80%) developed dysplasia and adenocarcinoma, with 6/10 rats (60%) showing dysplasia and 2/10 rats (20%) developing adenocarcinoma. The effect of combining both agents was also associated with significant suppression of the expression of the tumor marker Ki-67 and remarkable induction in the apoptotic gastric cancer cells via mitochondrial-dependent pathway as indicated by the upregulation in p53 expression, Bax expression, downregulation in Bcl-2 expression, an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and an activation of caspase-3. In addition, Biobran treatment induced cell-cycle arrest in the subG1 phase, where the hypodiploid cell population was markedly increased. Moreover, Biobran treatment protected rats against MNNG-induced significant decrease in lymphocyte levels. We conclude that Biobran provides protection against chemical induction of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats and may be useful for the treatment of human patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deyu Pan
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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Salama H, Medhat E, Shaheen M, Zekri ARN, Darwish T, Ghoneum M. Arabinoxylan rice bran (Biobran) suppresses the viremia level in patients with chronic HCV infection: A randomized trial. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:647-653. [PMID: 27799299 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016674954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have severe side effects and are very expensive. There is a need to explore effective natural therapies against HCV that are less toxic and more cost-effective. In the current study, 37 chronic HCV patients were randomized into two groups and treated with either pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin (n = 21) or Biobran, an arabinoxylan from rice bran (1 g/day) (n = 16). We examined viremia, liver enzymes, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in serum, and toxicity before and three months after treatment. Both groups showed a significant and similar reduction in viral load after three months of treatment relative to the baseline viral load (P <0.05). In addition, treatment with Biobran resulted in a significant increase in the level of IFN-γ (P <0.001). Patients in the PEG IFN plus ribavirin group showed fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and easy fatigue. Patients in the Biobran group showed no side effects and reported good health. We conclude that Biobran is a potential novel therapeutic regimen that has a similar effect to PEG IFN plus ribavirin and is safe and cost-effective in the treatment of chronic HCV. Our finding of Biobran's efficacy against HCV infection warrants further investigation in multiple clinical trials (Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02690103).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny Salama
- Tropical Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Medhat
- Tropical Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tarneem Darwish
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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36
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Yin JY, Chen HH, Lin HX, Xie MY, Nie SP. Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:E1181. [PMID: 27608001 PMCID: PMC6273411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). Its structural and rheological properties were characterized by monosaccharide composition, methylation, GC-MS and rheometry. PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. PLAP solution showed pseudoplastic behavior, and weak gelling properties at high concentration. Sodium and especially calcium ions played a significant role in increasing the apparent viscosity and gel strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Hai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Hui-Xia Lin
- Xiamen Huaxia College, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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37
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Song M, Baik HW, Hong SG, Sung MK. Wheat bran arabinoxylan supplementation alleviates 5-fluorouracil induced mucositis and myelosuppression in BALB/c mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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38
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Mendis M, Leclerc E, Simsek S. Arabinoxylans, gut microbiota and immunity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 139:159-66. [PMID: 26794959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX) is a non-starch polysaccharide found in many cereal grains and is considered as a dietary fiber. Despite their general structure, there is structural heterogeneity among AX originating from different botanical sources. Furthermore, the extraction procedure and hydrolysis by xylolytic enzymes can further render differences to theses AX. The aim of this review was to address the effects of AX on the gut bacteria and their immunomodulatory properties. Given the complex structure of AX, we also aimed to discuss how the structural heterogeneity of AX affects its role in bacterial growth and immunomodulation. The existing literature indicates the role of fine structural details of AX on its potential as polysaccharides that can impact the gut associated microbial growth and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Mendis
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate Program, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Estelle Leclerc
- North Dakota State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate Program, Fargo, ND, USA.
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39
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Sahasrabudhe NM, Schols HA, Faas MM, de Vos P. Arabinoxylan activates Dectin-1 and modulates particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1 activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:458-67. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Sahasrabudhe
- Division of Medical Biology; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; Wageningen Gelderland The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Division of Medical Biology; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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