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Dadvand A, Yavari A, Teimourpour A, Farzad-Mohajeri S. Influential factors on stem cell therapy success in canine model of spinal cord Injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Res 2024; 1839:148997. [PMID: 38795792 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition. The search for an effective cure remains a persistent challenge. Current treatments, unfortunately, are unable to sufficiently improve neurological function, often leading to lifelong disability. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for SCI using canine models. It also explored the optimal protocol for implementing stem cell therapy. A comprehensive search of studies was conducted from 2000 to October 2022. This study focused on five outcomes: motor function score, histopathology, IHC, western blot, and SEP. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in locomotion post-SCI in dogs treated with stem cell therapy. The therapy also led to an average increase of 3.15 points in the Olby score of the treated dogs compared to the control group. These findings highlights stem cell therapy's potential as a promising SCI treatment. The meta-analysis suggests that using bone marrow stem cells, undergoing neural differentiation in vitro, applying a surgical implantation or intrathecal route of administration, associating matrigel in combination with stem cells, and a waiting period of two weeks before starting treatment can enhance SCI treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Dadvand
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alimohammad Yavari
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Teimourpour
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Kheirollahi A, Sadeghi S, Orandi S, Moayedi K, Khajeh K, Khoobi M, Golestani A. Chondroitinase as a therapeutic enzyme: Prospects and challenges. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110348. [PMID: 37898093 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The chondroitinases (Chase) are bacterial lyases that specifically digest chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans via a β-elimination reaction and generate unsaturated disaccharides. In recent decades, these enzymes have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their potential applications in various aspects of medicine from the treatment of spinal cord injury to use as an analytical tool. In spite of this diverse spectrum, the application of Chase is faced with several limitations and challenges such as thermal instability and lack of a suitable delivery system. In the current review, we address potential therapeutic applications of Chase with emphasis on the challenges ahead. Then, we summarize the latest achievements to overcome the problems by considering the studies carried out in the field of enzyme engineering, drug delivery, and combination-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Orandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Moayedi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Chen SY, Yang RL, Wu XC, Zhao DZ, Fu SP, Lin FQ, Li LY, Yu LM, Zhang Q, Zhang T. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation: Neuroprotection and Nerve Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4763-4776. [PMID: 37881652 PMCID: PMC10595983 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s428425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), with its morbidity characteristics of high disability rate and high mortality rate, is a disease that is highly destructive to both the physiology and psychology of the patient, and for which there is still a lack of effective treatment. Following spinal cord injury, a cascade of secondary injury reactions known as ischemia, peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, etc. create a microenvironment that is unfavorable to neural recovery and ultimately results in apoptosis and necrosis of neurons and glial cells. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a more promising therapeutic options in recent years. MSC can promote spinal cord injury repair through a variety of mechanisms, including immunomodulation, neuroprotection, and nerve regeneration, giving patients with spinal cord injury hope. In this paper, it is discussed the neuroprotection and nerve regeneration components of MSCs' therapeutic method for treating spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Chong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Zhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang C, Morozova AY, Abakumov MA, Mel'nikov PA, Gabashvili AN, Chekhonin VP. Evaluation of the Optimal Number of Implanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Syrinx and Recovery of Motor Activity after Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:557-568. [PMID: 37773573 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims at determining the most effective dose (number) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for its transplantation in order to treat chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) in mature Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24). MSC were obtained from bone marrow of 4-6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Four weeks after SCI, MSC suspension (4 μl) was injected to experimental animals into the injured area in doses of 4×105, 8×105, or 106. Using MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), immunohistochemistry, histological staining, and behavioral tests, we studied the effect of transplantation of MSC in different doses on the following parameters in rats with SCI: the size of lesion cavity and post-traumatic syrinx (PTS), glial scar formation, neuronal fibers remodeling, axonal regeneration and sprouting, vascularization, expression of neuronal factors, and motor functions. MSC administration improved motor function in rats after SCI due to stimulation of regeneration and sprouting of the axons, enhanced recovery of locomotor functions, reduction of PTS and the glial scar, and stimulation of vascularization and expression of the neurotrophic factors. The effects of MSC were dose-dependent; the most effective dose was 106 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Yu Morozova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Abakumov
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Mel'nikov
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Gabashvili
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Chekhonin
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Abourehab MAS, Baisakhiya S, Aggarwal A, Singh A, Abdelgawad MA, Deepak A, Ansari MJ, Pramanik S. Chondroitin sulfate-based composites: a tour d'horizon of their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9125-9178. [PMID: 36342328 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a natural anionic mucopolysaccharide, belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family, acts as the primary element of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of diverse organisms. It comprises repeating units of disaccharides possessing β-1,3-linked N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc), and β-1,4-linked D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombogenic activities. It is a naturally acquired bio-macromolecule with beneficial properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and immensely low toxicity, making it the center of attention in developing biomaterials for various biomedical applications. The authors have discussed the structure, unique properties, and extraction source of CS in the initial section of this review. Further, the current investigations on applications of CS-based composites in various biomedical fields, focusing on delivering active pharmaceutical compounds, tissue engineering, and wound healing, are discussed critically. In addition, the manuscript throws light on preclinical and clinical studies associated with CS composites. A short section on Chondroitinase ABC has also been canvassed. Finally, this review emphasizes the current challenges and prospects of CS in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 11566, Egypt
| | - Shreya Baisakhiya
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anshul Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak-124021, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Deepak
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600128, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Farid MF, S Abouelela Y, Rizk H. Stem cell treatment trials of spinal cord injuries in animals. Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102932. [PMID: 35016045 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological spinal cord damage that resulted in the loss of temporary or permanent function. However, there are even now no effective therapies for it. So, a new medical promising therapeutic hotspot over the previous decades appeared which was (Stem cell (SC) cure of SCI). Otherwise, animal models are considered in preclinical research as a model for humans to trial a potential new treatment. METHODOLOGY Following articles were saved from different databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Egyptian knowledge bank, Elsevier, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, BMC) on the last two decades, and data were obtained then analyzed. RESULTS This review discusses the type and grading of SCI. As well as different types of stem cells therapy for SCI, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The review focuses on the transplantation pathways, clinical evaluation, and clinical signs of different types of SC on different animal models which are summarized in tables to give an easy to reach. CONCLUSION Pharmacological and physiotherapy have limited regenerative power in comparison with stem cells medication in the treatment of SCI. Among several sources of cell therapies, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) one is being progressively developed as a trusted important energetic way to repair and regenerate. Finally, a wide-ranged animal models have been condensed that helped in human clinical trial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam F Farid
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yara S Abouelela
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Assunção Silva RC, Pinto L, Salgado AJ. Cell transplantation and secretome based approaches in spinal cord injury regenerative medicine. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:850-896. [PMID: 34783046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The axonal growth-restrictive character of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) makes finding a therapeutic strategy a very demanding task, due to the postinjury events impeditive to spontaneous axonal outgrowth and regeneration. Considering SCI pathophysiology complexity, it has been suggested that an effective therapy should tackle all the SCI-related aspects and provide sensory and motor improvement to SCI patients. Thus, the current aim of any therapeutic approach for SCI relies in providing neuroprotection and support neuroregeneration. Acknowledging the current SCI treatment paradigm, cell transplantation is one of the most explored approaches for SCI with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) being in the forefront of many of these. Studies showing the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation after SCI have been proposing a paracrine action of these cells on the injured tissues, through the secretion of protective and trophic factors, rather than attributing it to the action of cells itself. This manuscript provides detailed information on the most recent data regarding the neuroregenerative effect of the secretome of MSCs as a cell-free based therapy for SCI. The main challenge of any strategy proposed for SCI treatment relies in obtaining robust preclinical evidence from in vitro and in vivo models, before moving to the clinics, so we have specifically focused on the available vertebrate and mammal models of SCI currently used in research and how can SCI field benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Assunção Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's e PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's e PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's e PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Orlandin JR, Gomes IDS, Sallum Leandro SDF, Fuertes Cagnim A, Casals JB, Carregaro AB, Freitas SH, Machado LC, Reis Castiglioni MC, Garcia Alves AL, de Vasconcelos Machado VM, Ambrósio CE. Treatment of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs Using Amniotic Membrane-Derived Stem Cells: Preliminary Results. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 14:39-49. [PMID: 34703247 PMCID: PMC8536879 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s324184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Intervertebral disc diseases (IVDD) represent the majority of neurological attendance and responsible for the most cases of paralysis in dogs. Treatments currently used do not show satisfactory results in patients with more severe and chronic neurological manifestations. Methods To promote nerve and muscular recovery, as well as improve quality of life, we aimed to create a double-blind test method, associating spinal decompression surgery and allogeneic transplantation of amniotic membrane-derived stem cells (AMSCs) in dogs with chronic IVDD. Cells were characterized as fetal mesenchymal cells and safe for application. Eight animals completed the experiment: stem cell applications were made in four animals that had previously undergone an unsuccessful surgical procedure (“SC group”, n = 4); two animals were submitted to surgery, followed by applications of stem cells (“Surgery + SC”, n = 2); two other animals were submitted to surgery, followed by the application of saline solution (“Surgery + placebo”, n = 2). During the surgical procedure, a topical application was performed on the lesion and after fifteen and forty-five days another two applications were made via epidural. Animals were monitored biweekly and reassessed three months after surgery, by functional tests and magnetic resonance exams. Results Some animals presented significant neurological improvement, such as the recovery of nociception and ability to remain on station. Despite the need further studies, until the present moment, cell therapy has been feasible and has no harmful effects on animals. Conclusion The protocol of preclinical trial showed the association with decompressive surgery and cell transplantation in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD proved feasible, and it was possible to observe neurological improvement after treatment. No tissue improvement through MRI was found. The double-blind test guaranteed reliability of the evaluations and results obtained that, even with a small sample size, generated satisfactory results for the animals and owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Rodrigues Orlandin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid da Silva Gomes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shamira de Fátima Sallum Leandro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Fuertes Cagnim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Casals
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Bonfim Carregaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio Henrique Freitas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cristina Machado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Reis Castiglioni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos Machado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Johnson LDV, Pickard MR, Johnson WEB. The Comparative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans and Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030230. [PMID: 33809684 PMCID: PMC8001771 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have been used in preclinical research to examine potential new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. MSC transplants have been studied in early human trials. Whether the animal models represent the human studies is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis has examined the effects of MSC transplants in human and animal studies. Following searches of PubMed, Clinical Trials and the Cochrane Library, published papers were screened, and data were extracted and analysed. MSC transplantation was associated with significantly improved motor and sensory function in humans, and significantly increased locomotor function in animals. However, there are discrepancies between the studies of human participants and animal models, including timing of MSC transplant post-injury and source of MSCs. Additionally, difficulty in the comparison of functional outcome measures across species limits the predictive nature of the animal research. These findings have been summarised, and recommendations for further research are discussed to better enable the translation of animal models to MSC-based human clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis D. V. Johnson
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK
- Correspondence: (L.D.V.J.); (W.E.B.J.); Tel.: +44-7557-353206 (L.D.V.J.); +44-774-5616225 (W.E.B.J.)
| | - Mark R. Pickard
- University Centre Shrewsbury, University of Chester, Shrewsbury SY3 8HQ, UK;
| | - William E. B. Johnson
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK
- University Centre Shrewsbury, University of Chester, Shrewsbury SY3 8HQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (L.D.V.J.); (W.E.B.J.); Tel.: +44-7557-353206 (L.D.V.J.); +44-774-5616225 (W.E.B.J.)
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10
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Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells recruit resident pericytes and induce blood vessels maturation to repair experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19604. [PMID: 33177535 PMCID: PMC7658254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered to mediate the beneficial effects of mesenchymal cell therapy in spinal cord injury. After a moderate balloon-compression injury in rats, injections of either human adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) or their conditioned culture media (CM-hADSC) elicited angiogenesis around the lesion site. Both therapies increased vascular density, but the presence of hADSCs in the tissue was required for the full maturation of new blood vessels. Only animals that received hADSC significantly improved their open field locomotion, assessed by the BBB score. Animals that received CM-hADSC only, presented haemorrhagic areas and lack pericytes. Proteomic analyses of human angiogenesis-related factors produced by hADSCs showed that both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors were produced by hADSCs in vitro, but only those related to vessel maturation were detectable in vivo. hADSCs produced PDGF-AA only after insertion into the injured spinal cord. hADSCs attracted resident pericytes expressing NG2, α-SMA, PDGF-Rβ and nestin to the lesion, potentially contributing to blood vessel maturation. We conclude that the presence of hADSCs in the injured spinal cord is essential for tissue repair.
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11
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Lewis MJ, Granger N, Jeffery ND. Emerging and Adjunctive Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury Following Acute Canine Intervertebral Disc Herniation. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:579933. [PMID: 33195591 PMCID: PMC7593405 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.579933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some dogs do not make a full recovery following medical or surgical management of acute canine intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), highlighting the limits of currently available treatment options. The multitude of difficulties in treating severe spinal cord injury are well-recognized, and they have spurred intense laboratory research, resulting in a broad range of strategies that might have value in treating spinal cord-injured dogs. These include interventions that aim to directly repair the spinal cord lesion, promote axonal sparing or regeneration, mitigate secondary injury through neuroprotective mechanisms, or facilitate functional compensation. Despite initial promise in experimental models, many of these techniques have failed or shown mild efficacy in clinical trials in humans and dogs, although high quality evidence is lacking for many of these interventions. However, the continued introduction of new options to the veterinary clinic remains important for expanding our understanding of the mechanisms of injury and repair and for development of novel and combined strategies for severely affected dogs. This review outlines adjunctive or emerging therapies that have been proposed as treatment options for dogs with acute IVDH, including discussion of local or lesion-based approaches as well as systemically applied treatments in both acute and subacute-to-chronic settings. These interventions include low-level laser therapy, electromagnetic fields or oscillating electrical fields, adjunctive surgical techniques (myelotomy or durotomy), systemically or locally-applied hypothermia, neuroprotective chemicals, physical rehabilitation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation of the spinal cord or specific peripheral nerves, nerve grafting strategies, 4-aminopyridine, chondroitinase ABC, and cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas Granger
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,CVS Referrals, Bristol Veterinary Specialists at Highcroft, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nick D Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A & M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
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12
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Delfi IRTA, Wood CR, Johnson LDV, Snow MD, Innes JF, Myint P, Johnson WEB. An In Vitro Comparison of the Neurotrophic and Angiogenic Activity of Human and Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Translating MSC-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091301. [PMID: 32916959 PMCID: PMC7563337 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of research into the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplants on spinal cord injury (SCI) is performed in rodent models, which may help inform on mechanisms of action, but does not represent the scale and wound heterogeneity seen in human SCI. In contrast, SCI in dogs occurs naturally, is more akin to human SCI, and can be used to help address important aspects of the development of human MSC-based therapies. To enable translation to the clinic and comparison across species, we have examined the paracrine, regenerative capacity of human and canine adipose-derived MSCs in vitro. MSCs were initially phenotyped according to tissue culture plastic adherence, cluster of differentiation (CD) immunoprofiling and tri-lineage differentiation potential. Conditioned medium (CM) from MSC cultures was then assessed for its neurotrophic and angiogenic activity using established cell-based assays. MSC CM significantly increased neuronal cell proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and βIII tubulin immunopositivity. In addition, MSC CM significantly increased endothelial cell migration, cell proliferation and the formation of tubule-like structures in Matrigel assays. There were no marked or significant differences in the capacity of human or canine MSC CM to stimulate neuronal cell or endothelial cell activity. Hence, this study supports the use of MSC transplants for canine SCI; furthermore, it increases understanding of how this may subsequently provide useful information and translate to MSC transplants for human SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea R. Wood
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, Cheshire CH1 4BJ, UK; (C.R.W.); (L.D.V.J.)
| | - Louis D. V. Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, Cheshire CH1 4BJ, UK; (C.R.W.); (L.D.V.J.)
| | | | - John F. Innes
- Veterinary Tissue Bank, Chirk L14 5ND, UK; (J.F.I.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Myint
- Veterinary Tissue Bank, Chirk L14 5ND, UK; (J.F.I.); (P.M.)
| | - William E. B. Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, Cheshire CH1 4BJ, UK; (C.R.W.); (L.D.V.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1244-51100
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13
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Papa S, Pizzetti F, Perale G, Veglianese P, Rossi F. Regenerative medicine for spinal cord injury: focus on stem cells and biomaterials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1203-1213. [PMID: 32421405 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1770725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a dramatic medical pathology consequence of a trauma (primary injury). However, most of the post-traumatic degeneration of the tissue is caused by the so-called secondary injury, which is known to be a multifactorial process. This, indeed, includes a wide spectrum of events: blood-brain barrier dysfunction, local inflammation, neuronal death, demyelination and disconnection of nerve pathways. AREAS COVERED Cell therapy represents a promising cure to target diseases and disorders at the cellular level, by restoring cell population or using cells as carriers of therapeutic cargo. In particular, regenerative medicine with stem cells represents the most appealing category to be used, thanks to their peculiar features. EXPERT OPINION Many preclinical research studies demonstrated that cell treatment can improve animal sensory/motor functions and so demonstrated to be very promising for clinical trials. In particular, recent advances have led to the development of biomaterials aiming to promote in situ cell delivery. This review digs into this topic discussing the possibility of cell treatment to improve medical chances in SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Papa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland (USI) , Lugano, Switzerland.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology , Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Milan, Italy
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14
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Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Rivera-Osorio J, Orozco-Suárez S, Vega-García A, García-Vences E, Sánchez-Torres S, Jiménez-Estrada I, Guizar-Sahagún G, Mondragon-Caso J, Fernández-Valverde F, Madrazo I, Grijalva I. Single vs. Combined Therapeutic Approaches in Rats With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:136. [PMID: 32210903 PMCID: PMC7076126 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capability of the central nervous system is limited after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors that inhibit spinal cord regeneration, resulting in deficient functional recovery. It has been shown that strategies, such as pre-degenerated peripheral nerve (PPN) grafts or the use of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or exogenous molecules, such as chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) promote axonal growth and remyelination, resulting in an improvement in locomotor function. These treatments have been primarily assessed in acute injury models. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of several single and combined treatments in order to modify the course of chronic complete SCI in rats. A complete cord transection was performed at the T9 level. One month later, animals were divided into five groups: original injury only (control group), and original injury plus spinal cord re-transection to create a gap to accommodate BMSCs, PPN, PPN + BMSCs, and PPN + BMSCs + ChABC. In comparison with control and single-treatment groups (PPN and BMSCs), combined treatment groups (PPN + BMSCs and PPN + BMSCs + ChABC) showed significative axonal regrowth, as revealed by an increase in GAP-43 and MAP-1B expression in axonal fibers, which correlated with an improvement in locomotor function. In conclusion, the combined therapies tested here improve locomotor function by enhancing axonal regeneration in rats with chronic SCI. Further studies are warranted to refine this promising line of research for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared Rivera-Osorio
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Vega-García
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elisa García-Vences
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV, IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Guizar-Sahagún
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Proyecto Camina AC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Mondragon-Caso
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Madrazo
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Grijalva
- Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Hou L, Li KE, Hu Y, Bian Y, Ji W, Shi K, Li Y, Chen M, Li J, Liu X, Qiao D. Evaluation of a rat model of exercise-induced fatigue using treadmill running with progressively increasing load. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180957. [PMID: 31800698 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind exercise-induced fatigue is a significant topic in the field of sports physiology. Therefore, establishing and evaluating an acute exercise-induced fatigue animal model that explores the limits of the motor system may provide greater insight into these mechanisms. Heart rate is an important quantitative parameter that accurately reflects the immediate change in physical function due to exercise load. And there is likely to be an important correlation between heart rate and behavioral performance. In this study, changes in heart rate and behavioral indexes during exercise-induced fatigue were quantitatively analyzed in rats using heart rate telemetry and video methods respectively. The behavioral indexes were used as independent variables and the degree of fatigue was used as the forecast value. Ternary quadratic function curve fitting was used to deduce a formula to calculate a fatigue score: Y = 15.2548+0.4346∙xa-0.1154∙xb+0.6826∙xc+0.0044∙xa∙xb-0.0021∙xb∙xc-0.0013∙xc∙xa-0.0023∙xa2-0.0016∙xb2 (r2=0.906). It identified a linear relationship between heart rate and exercise intensity, with a plateau in heart rate occurring during difference periods. It will serve as an effective reference for the modeling of exercise-induced fatigue. In addition, it also provides a theoretical method for analyzing the correlation between peripheral and central parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Hou
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - K E Li
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Hu
- Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Bian
- University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Kaixuan Shi
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Li
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Decai Qiao
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
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16
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Bach FS, Rebelatto CLK, Fracaro L, Senegaglia AC, Fragoso FYI, Daga DR, Brofman PRS, Pimpão CT, Engracia Filho JR, Montiani-Ferreira F, Villanova JA. Comparison of the Efficacy of Surgical Decompression Alone and Combined With Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Dogs With Acute Thoracolumbar Disk Disease and Spinal Cord Injury. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:383. [PMID: 31781580 PMCID: PMC6857468 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraparesis and paraplegia are common conditions in dogs, most often caused by a disc herniation in the thoracolumbar spinal segments (T3-L3), which is a neurological emergency. Surgical decompression should be performed as soon as possible when spinal compression is revealed by myelography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Mesenchymal stem-cell therapy is a promising adjunct treatment for spinal cord injury. This study sought to compare the effects of surgical decompression alone and combined with an allogeneic transplantation of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAd-MSCs) in the treatment of dogs with acute paraplegia. Twenty-two adult dogs of different breeds with acute paraplegia resulting from a Hansen type I disc herniation in the thoracolumbar region (T3-L3) were evaluated using computed tomography. All dogs had grade IV or V lesions and underwent surgery within 7 days after symptom onset. They were randomly assigned into two groups, 11 dogs in each. The dogs in Group I underwent hemilaminectomy, and those in Group II underwent hemilaminectomy and cAd-MSC epidural transplantation. In both groups, all dogs with grade IV lesions recovered locomotion. The median locomotion recovery period was 7 days for Group II and 21 days for Group I, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the median length of hospitalization after the surgery was statistically different between the two groups (Group I, 4 days; Group II, 3 days; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant between-group differences regarding the number of animals with grade IV or V lesions that recovered locomotion and nociception. In conclusion, compared with surgical decompression alone, the use of epidural cAd-MSC transplantation with surgical decompression may contribute to faster locomotor recovery in dogs with acute paraplegia and reduce the length of post-surgery hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia Fracaro
- Nucleus of Cellular Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Debora Regina Daga
- Nucleus of Cellular Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Turra Pimpão
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Ademar Villanova
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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17
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Recent advances in the therapeutic uses of chondroitinase ABC. Exp Neurol 2019; 321:113032. [PMID: 31398353 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies, using pre-clinical models of SCI, have demonstrated the efficacy of chondroitinase ABC as a treatment for spinal cord injury and this has been confirmed in laboratories worldwide and in several animal models. The aim of this review is report the current state of research in the field and to compare the relative efficacies of these new interventions to improve outcomes in both acute and chronic models of SCI. We also report new methods of chondroitinase delivery and the outcomes of two clinical trials using the enzyme to treat spinal cord injury in dogs and disc herniation in human patients. Recent studies have assessed the outcomes of combining chondroitinase with other strategies known to promote recovery following spinal cord injury and new approaches. Evidence is emerging that one of the most powerful combinations is that of chondroitinase with cell transplants. The particular benefits of each of the different cell types used for these transplant experiments are discussed. Combining chondroitinase with rehabilitation also improves outcomes. Gene therapy is an efficient method of enzyme delivery to the injured spinal cord and circumvents the issue of the enzyme's thermo-instability. Other methods of delivery, such as via nanoparticles or synthetic scaffolds, have shown promise; however, the outcomes from these experiments suggest that these methods of delivery require further optimization to achieve similar levels of efficacy to that obtained by a gene therapy approach. Pre-clinical models have also shown chondroitinase is efficacious in the treatment of other conditions, such as peripheral nerve injury, stroke, coronary reperfusion, Parkinson's disease and certain types of cancer. The wide range of conditions where the benefits of chondroitinase treatment have been demonstrated reflects the complex roles that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (its substrate) play in health and disease and warrants the enzyme's further development as a therapy.
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18
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Branco É, Alves JGR, Pinheiro LL, Coutinho LN, Gomes CRM, Galvão GR, de Oliveira Dos Santos GR, Moreira LFM, David MBM, Martins DM, de Oliveira EHC, de Souza MPC, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Russo FB, Pignatari GC, de Carvalho Miranda CMF, de Lima AR. Can Paraplegia by Disruption of the Spinal Cord Tissue Be Reversed? The Signs of a New Perspective. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1812-1820. [PMID: 31520456 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma is often related to tissue loss, leading to partial or complete disruption of spinal cord function due to neuronal death. Although generally irreversible, traditional therapeutic efforts, such as physical therapy exercises, are generally recommended, but with a poor or reduced improvement of the microenvironment, which in turn stimulates neuroplasticity and neuroregeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have paracrine, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here we use stem cells to see if they can promote not only physical but also the functional regeneration of neuronal tissue in dogs with CNS traumas. Two dogs, one with chronic spinal cord injury and one with subacute spinal cord injury, underwent infusion of autologous MSCs in association with physiotherapy. The two treatments in combination were able to partially or completely recover the dog's walking movement again. The treatment of MSCs in association with physical therapy improved the microenvironment, which could be evidence of a paradigm shift that the CNS is not capable of functional regeneration after aggressive traumas. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1812-1820, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Branco
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - José G R Alves
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luane L Pinheiro
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leandro N Coutinho
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carolina R M Gomes
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Gilvando R Galvão
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz F M Moreira
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maridelzira B M David
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Danielle M Martins
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo H C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics, SAMAM, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Michel P C de Souza
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics, SAMAM, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C B Beltrão-Braga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiele B Russo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graciela C Pignatari
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana R de Lima
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, Brazil
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19
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Shao A, Tu S, Lu J, Zhang J. Crosstalk between stem cell and spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 31387621 PMCID: PMC6683526 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The injured spinal cord is difficult to repair and regenerate. Traditional treatments are not effective. Stem cells are a type of cells that have the potential to differentiate into various cells, including neurons. They exert a therapeutic effect by safely and effectively differentiating into neurons or replacing damaged cells, secreting neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Many types of stem cells have been used for transplantation, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and the types of stem cells commonly used in experiments, to provide a reference for basic and clinical research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Sheng Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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20
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Therapeutic Effects of Intravenous Injection of Fresh and Frozen Thawed HO-1-Overexpressed Ad-MSCs in Dogs with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8537541. [PMID: 31481975 PMCID: PMC6701425 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8537541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), HO-1-expressing canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) could be efficacious in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Further, frozen thawed HO-1 Ad-MSCs could be instantly available as an emergency treatment for SCI. We compared the effects of intravenous treatment with freshly cultured HO-1 Ad-MSCs (HO-1 MSCs), only green fluorescent protein-expressing Ad-MSCs (GFP MSCs), and frozen thawed HO-1 Ad-MSCs (FT-HO-1 MSCs) in dogs with acute SCI. For four weeks, dogs were evaluated for improvement in hind limb locomotion using a canine Basso Beattie Bresnahan (cBBB) score. Upon completion of the study, injured spinal cord segments were harvested and used for western blot and histopathological analyses. All cell types had migrated to the injured spinal cord segment. The group that received HO-1 MSCs showed significant improvement in the cBBB score within four weeks. This group also showed significantly higher expression of NF-M and reduced astrogliosis. There was reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, HO-1) in the HO-1 MSC group. Histopathological assessment revealed decreased fibrosis at the epicenter of the lesion and increased myelination in the HO-1 MSC group. Together, these data suggest that HO-1 MSCs could improve hind limb function by increasing the anti-inflammatory reaction, leading to neural sparing. Further, we found similar results between GFP MSCs and FT-HO-1 MSCs, which suggest that FT-HO-1 MSCs could be used as an emergency treatment for SCI.
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21
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Cofano F, Boido M, Monticelli M, Zenga F, Ducati A, Vercelli A, Garbossa D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Options, Limitations, and Future of Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112698. [PMID: 31159345 PMCID: PMC6600381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes an inestimable public health issue. The most crucial phase in the pathophysiological process of SCI concerns the well-known secondary injury, which is the uncontrolled and destructive cascade occurring later with aberrant molecular signaling, inflammation, vascular changes, and secondary cellular dysfunctions. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents one of the most important and promising tested strategies. Their appeal, among the other sources and types of stem cells, increased because of their ease of isolation/preservation and their properties. Nevertheless, encouraging promise from preclinical studies was followed by weak and conflicting results in clinical trials. In this review, the therapeutic role of MSCs is discussed, together with their properties, application, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ducati
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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22
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Tran AP, Warren PM, Silver J. The Biology of Regeneration Failure and Success After Spinal Cord Injury. Physiol Rev 2018. [PMID: 29513146 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since no approved therapies to restore mobility and sensation following spinal cord injury (SCI) currently exist, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms following SCI that compromise regeneration or neuroplasticity is needed to develop new strategies to promote axonal regrowth and restore function. Physical trauma to the spinal cord results in vascular disruption that, in turn, causes blood-spinal cord barrier rupture leading to hemorrhage and ischemia, followed by rampant local cell death. As subsequent edema and inflammation occur, neuronal and glial necrosis and apoptosis spread well beyond the initial site of impact, ultimately resolving into a cavity surrounded by glial/fibrotic scarring. The glial scar, which stabilizes the spread of secondary injury, also acts as a chronic, physical, and chemo-entrapping barrier that prevents axonal regeneration. Understanding the formative events in glial scarring helps guide strategies towards the development of potential therapies to enhance axon regeneration and functional recovery at both acute and chronic stages following SCI. This review will also discuss the perineuronal net and how chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) deposited in both the glial scar and net impede axonal outgrowth at the level of the growth cone. We will end the review with a summary of current CSPG-targeting strategies that help to foster axonal regeneration, neuroplasticity/sprouting, and functional recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Phuong Tran
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio ; and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Mary Warren
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio ; and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio ; and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
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Lee SH, Kim Y, Rhew D, Kim A, Jo KR, Yoon Y, Choi KU, Jung T, Kim WH, Kweon OK. Effect of canine mesenchymal stromal cells overexpressing heme oxygenase-1 in spinal cord injury. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:377-386. [PMID: 27586469 PMCID: PMC5639091 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-responsive enzyme that modulates the immune response and oxidative stress associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to investigate neuronal regeneration via transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) overexpressing HO-1. Canine MSCs overexpressing HO-1 were generated by using a lentivirus packaging protocol. Eight beagle dogs with experimentally-induced SCI were divided into GFP-labeled MSC (MSC-GFP) and HO-1-overexpressing MSC (MSC-HO-1) groups. MSCs (1 × 107 cells) were transplanted at 1 week after SCI. Spinal cords were harvested 8 weeks after transplantation, after which histopathological, immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses were performed. The MSC-HO-1 group showed significantly improved functional recovery at 7 weeks after transplantation. Histopathological results showed fibrotic changes and microglial cell infiltration were significantly decreased in the MSC-HO-1 group. Immunohistochemical (IHC) results showed significantly increased expression levels of HO-1 and neuronal markers in the MSC-HO-1 group. Western blot results showed significantly decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, cycloogygenase 2, phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and galactosylceramidase in the MSC-HO-1 group, while expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, β3-tubulin, neurofilament medium, and neuronal nuclear antigen were similar to those observed in IHC results. Our results demonstrate that functional recovery after SCI can be promoted to a greater extent by transplantation of HO-1-overexpressing MSCs than by normal MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Yongsun Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Daeun Rhew
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Kwang Rae Jo
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Yongseok Yoon
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Kyeung Uk Choi
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Taeseong Jung
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
| | - Oh-Kyeong Kweon
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08872, Korea
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Vismara I, Papa S, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Current Options for Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:831-849. [PMID: 28811172 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathology that evolves after primary acute mechanical injury, causing further damage to the spinal cord tissue that exacerbates clinical outcomes. Based on encouraging results from preclinical experiments, some cell treatments being translated into clinical practice demonstrate promising and effective improvement in sensory/motor function. Combinatorial treatments of cell and drug/biological factors have been demonstrated to be more effective than cell treatments alone. Recent advances have led to the development of biomaterials aiming to promote in situ cell delivery for SCI, together with combinatorial strategies using drugs/biomolecules to achieve a maximized multitarget approach. This review provides an overview of single and combinatorial regenerative cell treatments as well as potential delivery options to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Vismara
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents one of the most complicated and heterogeneous pathological processes of central nervous system (CNS) impairments, which is still beyond functional regeneration. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote the repair of the injured spinal cord tissues in animal models, and therefore, there is much interest in the clinical use of these cells. However, many questions which are essential to improve the therapy effects remain unanswered. For instance, the functional roles and related molecular regulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vivo are not yet completely determined. It is important for transplanted cells to migrate into the injured tissue, to survive and undergo neural differentiation, or to play neural protection roles by various mechanisms after SCI. In this review, we will focus on some of the recent knowledge about the biological behavior and function of MSCs in SCI. Meanwhile, we highlight the function of biomaterials to direct the behavior of MSCs based on our series of work on silk fibroin biomaterials and attempt to emphasize combinational strategies such as tissue engineering for functional improvement of SCI.
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Safety of Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intraspinal Transplantation in Dogs with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3053759. [PMID: 28611846 PMCID: PMC5458383 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3053759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a pilot clinical study primarily designed to assess the feasibility and safety of X-ray-guided percutaneous intraspinal injection of allogeneic canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury. Six dogs with chronic paraplegia (≥six months) were intraparenchymally injected with allogeneic cells in the site of lesion. Cells were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of a healthy dog, cultured to passage 3, labeled with 99mTechnetium, and transplanted into the lesion by percutaneous X-ray-guided injection. Digital X-ray efficiently guided cell injection as 99mTechnetium-labeled cells remained in the injection site for at least 24 hours after transplantation. No adverse effects or complications (infection, neuropathic pain, or worsening of neurological function) were observed during the 16-week follow-up period after transplantation. Three animals improved locomotion as assessed by the Olby scale. One animal walked without support, but no changes in deep pain perception were observed. We conclude that X-ray-guided percutaneous intraspinal transplantation of allogeneic cells in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury is feasible and safe. The efficacy of the treatment will be assessed in a new study involving a larger number of animals.
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Wu JH, Li M, Liang Y, Lu T, Duan CY. Migration of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stably Expressing Chondroitinase ABC In vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1592-9. [PMID: 27364797 PMCID: PMC4931267 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.184464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can be used as seed cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) decomposes chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the glial scar that forms following SCI, allowing stem cells to penetrate through the scar and promote recovery of nerve function. This study aimed to establish ADSCs that stably express ChABC (ChABC-ADSCs) and evaluate the migratory capability of ChABC-ADSCs in vitro. METHODS ADSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats using secondary collagenase digestion. Their phenotypes were characterized using flow cytometry detection of cell surface antigens and their stem cell properties were confirmed by induction of differentiation. After successful culture, ADSCs were transfected with lentiviral vectors and ChABC-ADSCs were obtained. Proliferation curves of ChABC-ADSCs were determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 method, ChABC expression was verified using Western blotting, and the migration of ChABC-ADSCs was analyzed using the transwell assay. RESULTS Secondary collagenase digestion increased the isolation efficiency of primary ADSCs. Following transfection using lentiviral vectors, the proliferation of ChABC-ADSCs was reduced in comparison with control ADSCs at 48 h (P < 0.05). And the level of ChABC expression in the ChABC-ADSC group was significantly higher than that of the ADSC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, ChABC-ADSC migration in matrigel was significantly enhanced in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Secondary collagenase digestion can be used to effectively isolate ADSCs. ChABC-ADSCs constructed using lentiviral vector transfection stably express ChABC, and ChABC expression significantly enhances the migratory capacity of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Huang Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chun-Yue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Ivanovska A, Grolli S, Borghetti P, Ravanetti F, Conti V, De Angelis E, Macchi F, Ramoni R, Martelli P, Gazza F, Cacchioli A. Immunophenotypical characterization of canine mesenchymal stem cells from perivisceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue by a species-specific panel of antibodies. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:51-58. [PMID: 28319827 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunophenotypical characterization of mesenchymal stem cells is fundamental for the design and execution of sound experimental and clinical studies. The scarce availability of species-specific antibodies for canine antigens has hampered the immunophenotypical characterization of canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The aim of this study was to select a panel of species-specific direct antibodies readily useful for canine mesenchymal stem cells characterization. They were isolated from perivisceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples collected during regular surgeries from 8 dogs. Single color flow cytometric analysis of mesenchymal stem cells (P3) deriving from subcutaneous and perivisceral adipose tissue with a panel of 7 direct anti-canine antibodies revealed two largely homogenous cell populations with a similar pattern: CD29+, CD44+, CD73+, CD90+, CD34-, CD45- and MHC-II- with no statistically significant differences among them. Antibody reactivity was demonstrated on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The similarities are reinforced by their in vitro cell morphology, trilineage differentiation ability and RT-PCR analysis (CD90+, CD73+, CD105+, CD44+, CD13+, CD29+, Oct-4+ gene and CD31- and CD45- expression). Our results report for the first time a comparison between the immunophenotypic profile of canine MSC deriving from perivisceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The substantial equivalence between the two populations has practical implication on clinical applications, giving the opportunity to choose the source depending on the patient needs. The results contribute to routine characterization of MSC populations grown in vitro, a mandatory process for the definition of solid and reproducible laboratory and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ivanovska
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Virna Conti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Ramoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Gazza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Lee SH, Kim Y, Rhew D, Kim A, Jo KR, Yoon Y, Choi KU, Jung T, Kim WH, Kweon OK. Impact of local injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) combined with intravenous MSC delivery in a canine model of chronic spinal cord injury. Cytotherapy 2016; 19:S1465-3249(16)30540-0. [PMID: 28029610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The microenvironment of the chronically injured spinal cord does not allow for axonal regeneration due to glial scarring. To ameliorate this, several therapeutic strategies have been used. We investigated whether combined transplantation of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) genetically modified to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with intravenous (IV) administration of MSCs can promote recovery of hindlimb function after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Canine BDNF-expressing MSCs were generated using a lentivirus packaging protocol. Twelve beagle dogs with experimentally induced chronic SCI were divided into chABC/MSC-green fluorescent protein (GFP), chABC/MSC-BDNF and chABC/MSC-BDNF/IV groups. The MSCs (1 × 107 cells) and chABC were transplanted 3 weeks after SCI in all groups, and IV injection of MSC-GFP (1 × 107 cells) was performed 1 and 2 weeks after MSC transplantation in the chABC/MSC-BDNF/IV group. Spinal cords were harvested 8 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS The dogs in the chABC/MSC-BDNF included groups had significantly improved functional recovery 8 weeks after transplantation compared with those in the chABC/MSC-GFP group. The animals in the chABC/MSC-BDNF/IV group showed significant improvements in functional recovery at 6, 7 and 8 weeks compared with those in the chABC/MSC-BDNF group. Fibrotic changes were significantly decreased in the chABC/MSC-BDNF/IV group. We also observed significant decreases in the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, COX-2, glial fibrillary acidic protein and GalC and increased expression levels of BDNF, β3-tubulin neurofilament medium, and nestin in the chABC/MSC-BDNF/IV group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that transplantation of combined chABC and BDNF-expressing MSCs, along with IV injection of MSCs, is the optimal therapy for chronic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsun Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Rhew
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Rae Jo
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Yoon
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeung Uk Choi
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseong Jung
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Kyeong Kweon
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Requejo-Aguilar R, Alastrue-Agudo A, Cases-Villar M, Lopez-Mocholi E, England R, Vicent MJ, Moreno-Manzano V. Combined polymer-curcumin conjugate and ependymal progenitor/stem cell treatment enhances spinal cord injury functional recovery. Biomaterials 2016; 113:18-30. [PMID: 27810639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) suffers from a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Animal models of acute SCI have provided evidence that transplantation of ependymal stem/progenitor cells of the spinal cord (epSPCs) induces functional recovery, while systemic administration of the anti-inflammatory curcumin provides neuroprotection. However, functional recovery from chronic stage SCI requires additional enhancements in available therapeutic strategies. Herein, we report on a combination treatment for SCI using epSPCs and a pH-responsive polymer-curcumin conjugate. The incorporation of curcumin in a pH-responsive polymeric carrier mainchain, a polyacetal (PA), enhances blood bioavailability, stability, and provides a means for highly localized delivery. We find that PA-curcumin enhances neuroprotection, increases axonal growth, and can improve functional recovery in acute SCI. However, when combined with epSPCs, PA-curcumin also enhances functional recovery in a rodent model of chronic SCI. This suggests that combination therapy may be an exciting new therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic SCI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Alastrue-Agudo
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Cases-Villar
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Lopez-Mocholi
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Richard England
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victoria Moreno-Manzano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain; Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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