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Alimohammadi M, Rahimzadeh P, Khorrami R, Bonyadi M, Daneshi S, Nabavi N, Raesi R, Farani MR, Dehkhoda F, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. A comprehensive review of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in multiple myeloma: From molecular interactions to potential therapeutic targets. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155401. [PMID: 38936094 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to the development of several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). PTEN is a tumor suppressor that influences the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which in turn impacts vital cellular processes like growth, survival, and treatment resistance. The current study aims to present the role of PTEN and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the development of MM and its response to treatment. In addition, the molecular interactions in MM that underpin the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and address potential implications for the development of successful treatment plans are also discussed in detail. We investigate their relationship to both upstream and downstream regulators, highlighting new developments in combined therapies that target the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis to overcome drug resistance, including the use of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. We also emphasize that PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway elements may be used in MM diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Payman Rahimzadeh
- Surgical Research Society (SRS), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bonyadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Nursing, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Farshid Dehkhoda
- Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Altalbawy FMA, Hjazi A, Jyothi SR, Kumar A, Eldesoqui M, Rasulova MT, Sinha A, Zwamel AH. Highlighting the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and response to therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:171. [PMID: 38849654 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins are known as long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs. Now, they are becoming more significant as important regulators of gene expression, and as a result, of many biological processes in both healthy and pathological circumstances, such as blood malignancies. Through controlling alternative splicing, transcription, and translation at the post-transcriptional level, lncRNAs have an impact on the expression of genes. In multiple myeloma (MM), the majority of lncRNAs is elevated and promotes the proliferation, adhesion, drug resistance and invasion of MM cells by blocking apoptosis and altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). To control mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, they either directly attach to the target mRNA or transfer RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). By expressing certain miRNA-binding sites that function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), most lncRNAs mimic the actions of miRNAs. Here, we highlight lncRNAs role in the MM pathogenesis with emphasize on their capacity to control the molecular mechanisms known as "hallmarks of cancer," which permit earlier tumor initiation and progression and malignant cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Renuka Jyothi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, 13713, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - M T Rasulova
- Department of Physiology, Dean of the Faculty of Therapeutics, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan
- Western Caspian University, Scientific Researcher, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aashna Sinha
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Divison of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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3
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Zhong P, Bai L, Hong M, Ouyang J, Wang R, Zhang X, Chen P. A Comprehensive Review on Circulating cfRNA in Plasma: Implications for Disease Diagnosis and Beyond. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1045. [PMID: 38786343 PMCID: PMC11119755 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cfRNA in plasma has emerged as a fascinating area of research with potential applications in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized medicine. Circulating RNA sequencing technology allows for the non-invasive collection of important information about the expression of target genes, eliminating the need for biopsies. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge and advancements in the study of plasma cfRNA, focusing on its diverse landscape and biological functions, detection methods, its diagnostic and prognostic potential in various diseases, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqiang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengzhi Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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4
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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5
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Song Y, Song Q, Hu D, Sun B, Gao M, Liang X, Qu B, Suo L, Yin Z, Wang L. The potential applications of artificially modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1299384. [PMID: 38250549 PMCID: PMC10798044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tumor-homing ability and play critical roles in tumor treatment, but their dual influences on tumor progression limit their therapeutic applications. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) exhibit great potential in targeted tumor treatment due to their advantages of high stability, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, long circulation time and homing characteristics. Furthermore, the artificial modification of MSC-exosomes could amplify their advantages and their inhibitory effect on tumors and could overcome the limit of tumor-promoting effect. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving artificially modified MSC-exosomes in tumor treatment, including employing these exosomes as nanomaterials to carry noncoding RNAs or their inhibitors and anticancer drugs, and genetic engineering modification of MSC-exosomes. We also discuss the feasibility of utilizing artificially modified MSC-exosomes as an emerging cell-free method for tumor treatment and related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanlin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daosheng Hu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binwen Sun
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boxin Qu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeli Yin
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Cao Q, Wu X, Zhang Q, Gong J, Chen Y, You Y, Shen J, Qiang Y, Cao G. Mechanisms of action of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in multiple myeloma: a literature review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1291920. [PMID: 38026941 PMCID: PMC10657905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cellular apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Over the years, BCL-2, a crucial anti-apoptotic protein, has garnered significant attention in MM therapeutic research. Venetoclax (VTC), a small-molecule targeted agent, effectively inhibits BCL-2, promoting the programmed death of cancerous cells. While VTC has been employed to treat various hematological malignancies, its particular efficacy in MM has showcased its potential for broader clinical applications. In this review, we delve into the intricacies of how VTC modulates apoptosis in MM cells by targeting BCL-2 and the overarching influence of the BCL-2 protein family in MM apoptosis regulation. Our findings highlight the nuanced interplay between VTC, BCL-2, and MM, offering insights that may pave the way for optimizing therapeutic strategies. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to lay a solid groundwork for future explorations into VTC's clinical applications and the profound effects of BCL-2 on cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Undergraduate Department, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Junling Gong
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Qiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Guangzhu Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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7
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Shams F, Pourjabbar B, Hashemi N, Farahmandian N, Golchin A, Nuoroozi G, Rahimpour A. Current progress in engineered and nano-engineered mesenchymal stem cells for cancer: From mechanisms to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115505. [PMID: 37716113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as self-renewing multipotent stromal cells, have been considered promising agents for cancer treatment. A large number of studies have demonstrated the valuable properties of MSC-based treatment, such as low immunogenicity and intrinsic tumor-trophic migratory properties. To enhance the potency of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, equipping MSCs with targeted delivery functions using genetic engineering is highly beneficial. Genetically engineered MSCs can express tumor suppressor agents such as pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic factors and act as ideal delivery vehicles. MSCs can also be loaded with nanoparticle drugs for increased efficacy and externally moderated targeting. Moreover, exosomes secreted by MSCs have important physiological properties, so they can contribute to intercellular communication and transfer cargo into targeted tumor cells. The precise role of genetically modified MSCs in tumor environments is still up for debate, but the beginning of clinical trials has been confirmed by promising results from preclinical investigations of MSC-based gene therapy for a wide range of malignancies. This review highlights the advanced techniques of engineering/nano-engineering and MSC-derived exosomes in tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Shams
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1968917313 Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Pourjabbar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1968917313 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Farahmandian
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Golchin
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Cellular & Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57157993313, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57157993313, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ghader Nuoroozi
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Bryja A, Zadka Ł, Farzaneh M, Zehtabi M, Ghasemian M, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kempisty B. Small extracellular vesicles - A host for advanced bioengineering and "Trojan Horse" of non-coding RNAs. Life Sci 2023; 332:122126. [PMID: 37769803 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a type of membranous vesicles that can be released by cells into the extracellular space. The relationship between sEVs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is highly intricate and interdependent. This symbiotic relationship plays a pivotal role in facilitating intercellular communication and holds profound implications for a myriad of biological processes. The concept of sEVs and their ncRNA cargo as a "Trojan Horse" highlights their remarkable capacity to traverse biological barriers and surreptitiously deliver their cargo to target cells, evading detection by the host-immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that sEVs may be harnessed as carriers to ferry therapeutic ncRNAs capable of selectively silencing disease-driving genes, particularly in conditions such as cancer. This approach presents several advantages over conventional drug delivery methods, opening up new possibilities for targeted therapy and improved treatment outcomes. However, the utilization of sEVs and ncRNAs as therapeutic agents raises valid concerns regarding the possibility of unforeseen consequences and unintended impacts that may emerge from their application. It is important to consider the fundamental attributes of sEVs and ncRNAs, including by an in-depth analysis of the practical and clinical potentials of exosomes, serving as a representative model for sEVs encapsulating ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bryja
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Zadka
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zehtabi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland.
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9
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Li Z, Wang R, Wang D, Zhang S, Song H, Ding S, Zhu Y, Wen X, Li H, Chen H, Liu S, Sun L. Circulating miR-320b Contributes to CD4+ T-Cell Proliferation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus via MAP3K1. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:6696967. [PMID: 37928434 PMCID: PMC10622187 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6696967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies and tissue inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate therapy for SLE owing to the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Circulating miRNAs are small, single-stranded noncoding RNAs in a variety of body fluids that regulate numerous immunologic and inflammatory pathways. Recent studies have revealed many differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in autoimmune diseases including SLE. However, the role of circulating miRNAs in SLE has not been extensively studied. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing analysis to compare the circulating miRNA profiles of SLE patients before and after MSC transplantation (MSCT), and identified a significant decrease of circulating miR-320b level during MSCT. Importantly, we found that the expression of circulating miR-320b and its target gene MAP3K1 was closely associated with SLE disease activity. The in vitro experiments showed that decreased MAP3K1 level in SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was involved in CD4+ T-cell proliferation. In MRL/lpr mice, miR-320b overexpression aggravated symptoms of SLE, while miR-320b inhibition could promote disease remission. Besides, MSCs regulate miR-320b/MAP3K1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggested that circulating miR-320b and MAP3K1 may be involved in CD4+ T-cell proliferation in SLE. This trial is registered with NCT01741857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zutong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rou Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yantong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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10
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Van Morckhoven D, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265969. [PMID: 37822925 PMCID: PMC10562589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Morckhoven
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Yuan YG, Wang JL, Zhang YX, Li L, Reza AMMT, Gurunathan S. Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3177-3210. [PMID: 37337578 PMCID: PMC10276992 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s407029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles with a wide range of chemical compositions used in many different applications. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) are spherical vesicles that have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in a variety of diseases, including neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells due to the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. MSCs-EXOs exhibit cytokine storm-mitigating properties in response to COVID-19. This review discussed the potential function of MSCs-EXOs in a variety of diseases including neurological, notably epileptic encephalopathy and Parkinson's disease, cancer, angiogenesis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We provided an overview of exosome biogenesis and factors that regulate exosome biogenesis. Additionally, we highlight the functions and potential use of MSCs-EXOs in the treatment of the inflammatory disease COVID-19. Finally, we covered a strategies and challenges of MSCs-EXOs. Finally, we discuss conclusion and future perspectives of MSCs-EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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12
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Xu X, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu K, Cui Z, Tong X, Chen J, Hou F, Luo Z. The application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:364-374. [PMID: 36207510 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell-derived vesicles are released by tumor cells, have a phospholipid bilayer, and are widely distributed in various biological fluids. In recent years, it has been found that tumor cell-derived vesicles contain proteins, metabolites and nucleic acids and can be delivered to recipient cells to perform their physiological functions, such as mediating specific intercellular communication, activating or inhibiting signaling pathways, participating in regulating the modulation of tumor microenvironment and influencing tumor development, which can be used for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. In addition, tumor cell-derived vesicles exhibit multiple properties in tumor therapeutic applications and may serve as a new class of delivery systems. In this review, we elaborate on the application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yin Xiang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Tong
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hou
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
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13
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Deng M, Yuan H, Peng H, Liu S, Xiao X, Wang Z, Zhang G, Xiao H. LINC00461 Knockdown Enhances the Effect of Ixazomib in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023; 23:643-652. [PMID: 36927430 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230316152713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LINC00461 has been implicated to be involved in several types of cancer while its roles in multiple myeloma remain unclear. Our study aims to investigate the roles of LINC00461 in multiple myeloma and explore its effects on ixazomib therapy. METHODS LINC00461 and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide (SNRP) B2 knockdown stable cell lines were constructed. Cell viability assays including MTT, cell number counting, and colony formation were performed. RNA-pull down and immunoblotting assays were conducted to determine the intramolecular interactions. qRT-PCR and western blotting were conducted to determine the levels of target genes. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate overall survival rates. RESULTS Knockdown of LINC00461 or SNRPB2 enhanced ixazomib's cytotoxicity, as well as affected its regulatory effects on cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Further results showed that LINC00461 knockdown reduced the expression levels of SNRPB2 by their interactions. Additionally, a positive correlation between LINC00461 and SNRPB2 was found in patients with multiple myeloma. Low expression of SNRPB2 was associated with a high survival rate in patients with multiple myeloma. CONCLUSION Knockdown of LINC00461 enhanced the therapeutic effects of ixazomib against multiple myeloma in part by the regulation of SNRPB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Deng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Huan Yuan
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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14
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Menu E, Vanderkerken K. Exosomes in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside. Blood 2022; 140:2429-2442. [PMID: 35271699 PMCID: PMC10653045 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy that develops in the bone marrow (BM). This BM is partially responsible for protecting the MM cells against current standard-of-care therapies and for accommodating MM-related symptoms such as bone resorption and immune suppression. Increasing evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes in the different processes within the BM. Exosomes are <150-nm-sized vesicles secreted by different cell types including MM cells. These vesicles contain protein and RNA cargo that they deliver to the recipient cell. In this way, they have been implicated in MM-related processes including osteolysis, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and drug resistance. Targeting exosome secretion could therefore potentially block these different processes. In this review, we will summarize the current findings of exosome-related processes in the BM and describe not only the current treatment strategies to counter them but also how exosomes can be harnessed to deliver toxic payloads. Finally, an overview of the different clinical studies that investigate EV cargo as potential MM biomarkers in liquid biopsies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Wu D, Tao T, Eshraghian EA, Lin P, Li Z, Zhu X. Extracellular RNA as a kind of communication molecule and emerging cancer biomarker. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960072. [PMID: 36465402 PMCID: PMC9714358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular RNA (exRNA) is a special form of RNA in the body. RNA carries information about genes and metabolic regulation in the body, which can reflect the real-time status of cells. This characteristic renders it a biomarker for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. ExRNA is transported through extracellular vesicles as a signal medium to mediate communication between cells. Tumor cells can release more vesicles than normal cells, thereby promoting tumor development. Depending on its easy detection, the advantages of non-invasive molecular diagnostic technology can be realized. In this systematic review, we present the types, vectors, and biological value of exRNA. We briefly describe new methods of tumor diagnosis and treatment, as well as the difficulties faced in the progress of such research. This review highlights the groundbreaking potential of exRNA as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Wu
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Emily A. Eshraghian
- Department of Medicine, University of California (UC) San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Peixu Lin
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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16
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Iskrzak J, Zygmunciak P, Misiewicz-Krzemińska I, Puła B. Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma-Cracking the Code to a Better Understanding of the Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225575. [PMID: 36428668 PMCID: PMC9688731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell-derived malignancy that stands for around 1.5% of newly discovered cancer cases. Despite constantly improving treatment methods, the disease is incurable with over 13,000 deaths in the US and over 30,000 in Europe. Recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a significant role in the pathogenesis and evolution of MM. Further investigation of their role could prove to be beneficial in establishing new therapies and hence, improve the prognosis of MM patients. What is more, EVs might serve as novel markers in diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Great advancements concerning the position of EVs in the pathophysiology of MM have recently been shown in research and in this review, we would like to delve into the still expanding state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Iskrzak
- Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi Str. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zygmunciak
- Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi Str. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Chocimska Str. 5, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi Str. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-223-496-302; Fax: +48-223-496-335
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17
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Khan N, Umar MS, Haq M, Rauf T, Zubair S, Owais M. Exosome-encapsulated ncRNAs: Emerging yin and yang of tumor hallmarks. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022734. [PMID: 36338993 PMCID: PMC9632295 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multifaceted process, where multiple physiological traits serving as cancer’s distinctive characteristics are acquired. “Hallmarks of cancer” is a set of cognitive abilities acquired by human cells that are pivotal to their tumor-forming potential. With limited or no protein-coding ability, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with their target molecules and yield significant regulatory effects on several cell cycle processes. They play a “yin” and “yang” role, thereby functioning both as oncogenic and tumor suppressor and considered important in the management of various types of cancer entities. ncRNAs serve as important post-transcriptional and translational regulators of not only unrestricted expansion and metastasis of tumor cells but also of various biological processes, such as genomic mutation, DNA damage, immune escape, and metabolic disorder. Dynamical attributes such as increased proliferative signaling, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition are considered to be significant determinants of tumor malignancy, metastatic dissemination, and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, these biological attributes engage tumor cells with immune cells within the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor formation. We elaborate the interaction of ncRNAs with various factors in order to regulate cancer intra/intercellular signaling in a specific tumor microenvironment, which facilitates the cancer cells in acquiring malignant hallmarks. Exosomes represent a means of intercellular communication and participate in the maintenance of the tumor hallmarks, adding depth to the intricate, multifactorial character of malignant neoplasia. To summarize, ncRNAs have a profound impact on tumors, affecting their microcirculation, invasiveness, altered metabolism, microenvironment, and the capacity to modify the host immunological environment. Though the significance of ncRNAs in crosstalk between the tumor and its microenvironment is being extensively explored, we intend to review the hallmarks in the light of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazoora Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Saad Umar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohamed Haq
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Talha Rauf
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Owais,
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18
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Xiao Q, Lin C, Peng M, Ren J, Jing Y, Lei L, Tao Y, Huang J, Yang J, Sun M, Wu J, Yang Z, Yang Z, Zhang L. Circulating plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs LINC00265, LINC00467, UCA1, and SNHG1 as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1033143. [PMID: 36276083 PMCID: PMC9585262 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a cell-free biomarker for clinical evaluation of cancers. However, the potential clinical applications of exosomal lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. Herein, we attempted to identify plasma exosomal lncRNAs as prospective biomarkers for AML. In this study, plasma exosomes were first successfully extracted from AML patients and healthy donors (HD). Subsequently, the downregulated plasma exosomal lncRNAs (LINC00265, LINC00467, and UCA1) and the upregulated plasma exosomal lncRNA (SNHG1) were identified in AML patients (n=65) compared to HD (n=20). Notably, individual exosomal LINC00265, LINC00467, UCA1, or SNHG1 had a capability for discriminating AML patients from HD, and their combination displayed better efficiency. Furthermore, exosomal LINC00265 and LINC00467 were increased expressed in patients achieving complete remission after chemotherapy. Importantly, there was upregulation of exosomal LINC00265 and downregulation of exosomal SNHG1 upon allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, these lncRNAs were high stability in plasma exosomes. Exosomal LINC00265, LINC00467, UCA1, and SNHG1 may act as promising cell-free biomarkers for AML diagnosis and treatment monitoring and provide a new frontier of liquid biopsy for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Lin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meixi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yipei Jing
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Lei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zailin Yang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zailin Yang, ; Zesong Yang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Zesong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zailin Yang, ; Zesong Yang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zailin Yang, ; Zesong Yang, ; Ling Zhang,
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19
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Ma J, Lei P, Chen H, Wang L, Fang Y, Yan X, Yang Q, Peng B, Jin L, Sun D. Advances in lncRNAs from stem cell-derived exosome for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986683. [PMID: 36147326 PMCID: PMC9486024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally. Benefiting from the advantages of early diagnosis and precision medicine, stem cell-based therapies have emerged as promising treatment options for CVDs. However, autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation imposes a potential risk of immunological rejection, infusion toxicity, and oncogenesis. Fortunately, exosome can override these limitations. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exosome from stem cell paracrine factors play critical roles in stem cell therapy and participate in numerous regulatory processes, including transcriptional silencing, transcriptional activation, chromosome modification, and intranuclear transport. Accordingly, lncRNAs can treat CVDs by directly acting on specific signaling pathways. This mini review systematically summarizes the key regulatory actions of lncRNAs from different stem cells on myocardial aging and apoptosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, retinopathy, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of lncRNAs treatment for CVDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Da Sun, ; Libo Jin,
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Da Sun, ; Libo Jin,
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20
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Hervás-Salcedo R, Martín-Antonio B. A Journey through the Inter-Cellular Interactions in the Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for the Next Generation of Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3796. [PMID: 35954459 PMCID: PMC9367481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of a plethora of extracellular matrix, tumor and non-tumor cells that form a tumor microenvironment (TME) that nurtures the tumor cells and creates a favorable environment where tumor cells grow and proliferate. In multiple myeloma (MM), the TME is the bone marrow (BM). Non-tumor cells can belong either to the non-hematological compartment that secretes soluble mediators to create a favorable environment for MM cells to grow, or to the immune cell compartment that perform an anti-MM activity in healthy conditions. Indeed, marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) are associated with a good prognosis in MM patients and have served as the basis for developing different immunotherapy strategies. However, MM cells and other cells in the BM can polarize their phenotype and activity, creating an immunosuppressive environment where immune cells do not perform their cytotoxic activity properly, promoting tumor progression. Understanding cell-cell interactions in the BM and their impact on MM proliferation and the performance of tumor surveillance will help in designing efficient anti-MM therapies. Here, we take a journey through the BM, describing the interactions of MM cells with cells of the non-hematological and hematological compartment to highlight their impact on MM progression and the development of novel MM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Zhang Q, Zhong C, Shen J, Chen S, Jia Y, Duan S. Emerging role of LINC00461 in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113239. [PMID: 35679722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LINC00461 is located in the intergenic region between the protein-coding genes MEF2C and TMEM161B. LINC00461 upregulation was associated with the risk of 13 tumors and was strongly associated with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis in 11 tumors. LINC00461 is involved in resistance to four anticancer drugs, including sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma, cisplatin for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and rectal cancer, temozolomide for glioma, and docetaxel for breast cancer. LINC00461 can sponge 18 miRNAs to form a complex ceRNA network that regulates the expression of a large number of downstream genes. LINC00461 is involved in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. Notably, knockdown of LINC00461 in exosomes antagonizes tumor cell proliferation in multiple myeloma. This article summarizes the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of LINC00461 in various tumors, and systematically describes the ceRNA network and signaling pathways associated with LINC00461, providing potential directions for future LINC00461 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China; Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jinze Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Sang Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yunhua Jia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
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22
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LINC00461 Regulates the Recurrence of Large B Cell Lymphoma through the miR-411-5p/BNIP3 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9100056. [PMID: 35783530 PMCID: PMC9249490 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the mechanism of LINC00461 regulating the recurrence of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through microRNA (miR)-411-5p/BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) pathway. Methods DLBCL samples in TCGA and GSE12453 were used for differential analysis to find long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) related to DLBCL recurrence. The 4 DLBCL data with the highest and lowest expression levels of LINC00461 in the TCGA database were selected for GSEA enrichment analysis. The targeting relationships of miR-411-5p with LINC00461 and BNIP3 were verified by the dual luciferase report. Blood samples from DLBCL patients were used to analyze the correlation between miR-411-5p and LINC00461 or BNIP3. LINC00461, miR-411-5p, or BNIP3 was overexpressed or silenced by transfection, and a tumor-bearing nude mice model was constructed to detect their effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Results The level of LINC00461 in DLBCL was significantly higher than that in normal cases, and the level in recurrence DLBCL was significantly higher than that in nonrecurrence. The enrichment analysis results showed that the function of LINC00461 was closely related to apoptosis. The results shown that miR-411-5p bound to LINC00461 and BNIP3 and was negatively correlated with LINC00461 and BNIP3 mRNA in blood of DLBCL patients. Suppressing the level of LINC00461 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. The inhibition of LINC00461 or overexpression of miR-411-5p reduced the expression of BNIP3 protein, thereby inducing apoptosis at the in vivo and in vitro levels. Conclusion LINC00461 may induce miR-411-5p to “sponge,” thereby increasing the expression of BNIP3 protein, and exerting the function of inhibiting apoptosis and promoting DLBCL recurrence.
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Fallati A, Di Marzo N, D’Amico G, Dander E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs): An Ally of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Cells in Disease Maintenance and Progression within the Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143303. [PMID: 35884364 PMCID: PMC9323332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Even though the cure rate actually exceeds 85%, the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients is dismal. Recent literature data indicate that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment could play a crucial role in the onset, maintenance and progression of the disease. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are key components of the BM niche, actively crosstalk with leukemic cells providing crucial signals for their survival and resistance to therapy. We hereby review the main mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL cells that could become appealing targets for innovative microenvironment remodeling therapies to be coupled with classical leukemia-directed strategies. Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are structural components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, where they functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to hematopoiesis regulation. A growing body of evidence is nowadays pointing to a further crucial contribution of MSCs to malignant hematopoiesis. In the context of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), MSCs can play a pivotal role in the definition of a leukemia-supportive microenvironment, impacting on disease pathogenesis at different steps including onset, maintenance and progression. B-ALL cells hijack the BM microenvironment, including MSCs residing in the BM niche, which in turn shelter leukemic cells and protect them from chemotherapeutic agents through different mechanisms. Evidence is now arising that altered MSCs can become precious allies to leukemic cells by providing nutrients, cytokines, pro-survivals signals and exchanging organelles, as hereafter reviewed. The study of the mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL blasts can be instrumental in finding new druggable candidates to target the leukemic BM microenvironment. Some of these microenvironment-targeting strategies are already in preclinical or clinical experimentation, and if coupled with leukemia-directed therapies, could represent a valuable option to improve the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients, whose management represents an unmet medical need.
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Chen M, Xu R, Zhang J, Spencer A, Simpson R. Editorial: Understanding the RNA Species in the Extracellular Vesicles of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:946160. [PMID: 35814373 PMCID: PMC9260682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.946160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maoshan Chen
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Maoshan Chen,
| | - Rong Xu
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Health-Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Tang BJ, Sun B, Chen L, Xiao J, Huang ST, Xu P. The Landscape of Exosome-Derived Non-Coding RNA in Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912303. [PMID: 35784717 PMCID: PMC9240230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of life-threatening hematological malignancies which is currently incurable and often accompanied by drug resistance or disease relapse. Understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia and finding specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers is of great importance to improve the clinical efficacy of leukemia. Exosome-derived ncRNAs have been demonstrated as critical components of intercellular communication and function as key facilitators in the leukemia biological process. This review outlines the current investigations of exosomal ncRNAs (including miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA) as important mediators of leukemia and potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for leukemia treatment. Moreover, we generally analyze the prospects and challenges for exosomal ncRNAs from the aspects of research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Xu,
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26
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Saltarella I, Apollonio B, Lamanuzzi A, Desantis V, Mariggiò MA, Desaphy JF, Vacca A, Frassanito MA. The Landscape of lncRNAs in Multiple Myeloma: Implications in the "Hallmarks of Cancer", Clinical Perspectives and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081963. [PMID: 35454868 PMCID: PMC9032822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive hematological neoplasia caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant plasmacells. Neoplastic transformation and progression are driven by a number of biological processes, called ‘hallmarks of cancer’, which are regulated by different molecules, including long non-coding RNAs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate MM development and progression will help to improve patients stratification and management, and promote the identification of new therapeutic targets. Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. Nowadays, lncRNAs are gaining importance as key regulators of gene expression and, consequently, of several biological functions in physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Here, we point out the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). We focus on their ability to regulate the biological processes identified as “hallmarks of cancer” that enable malignant cell transformation, early tumor onset and progression. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in MM suggests their potential use as clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, patient stratification, and clinical management. Moreover, they represent ideal candidates for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Apollonio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081865. [PMID: 35454774 PMCID: PMC9032679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are important organelles involved in several key cellular processes including energy production and cell death regulation. For this reason, it is unsurprising that mitochondrial function and structure are altered in several pathological states including cancer. Cancer cells present variate strategies to generate sufficient energy to sustain their high proliferation rates. These adaptative strategies can be mediated by extracellular signals such as extracellular vesicles. These vesicles can alter recipient cellular behavior by delivering their molecular cargo. This review explores the different EV-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming mechanisms supporting cancer survival and progression. Abstract Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit the Effects of Dexamethasone in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4855517. [PMID: 35419059 PMCID: PMC9001108 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4855517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma. This study is aimed at exploring whether the presence of MSCs affects dexamethasone's antitumor effects against multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma cells (OPM-2 and RPMI8226 cells) were cocultured with MSCs with or without dexamethasone. Cell viability was determined by using cell number count, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and colony formation assay, respectively. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were evaluated by using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of target genes were checked by using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. It was found that cell viability of multiple myeloma cells increased in the presence of MSCs. Besides, the presence of MSCs suppressed cell apoptosis induced by dexamethasone via the regulation of BCL-2 (B cell lymphoma 2). The presence of MSCs also affected the effects of dexamethasone on cell cycle distribution. Similarly, LINC00461 overexpression suppressed the inhibition of cell proliferation, suppressed the induction of cell apoptosis, and affected the effects on cell cycle distribution induced by dexamethasone insult. However, LINC00461 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and the induction of cell apoptosis induced by dexamethasone. In summary, MSCs inhibited the effects of dexamethasone on multiple myeloma and its regulatory effects were associated with LINC00461.
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29
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Gao F, Wang X, Fan T, Luo Z, Ma M, Hu G, Li Y, Liang Y, Lin X, Xu B. LncRNA LINC00461 exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via microRNA-185-3p/Myd88. Mol Med 2022; 28:33. [PMID: 35272621 PMCID: PMC8908691 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critically in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thus, it was proposed to investigate the mechanism of LINC00461 in the disease through mediating microRNA-185-3p (miR-185-3p)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) axis. METHODS miR-185-3p, LINC00461 and Myd88 expression in mice with I/R injury was measured. Mice with I/R injury were injected with the gene expression-modified vectors, after which cardiac function, hemodynamics, myocardial enzyme, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS I/R mice showed LINC00461 and Myd88 up-regulation and miR-185-3p down-regulation. Down-regulating LINC00461 or up-regulating miR-185-3p recovered cardiac function, reduced myocardial enzyme levels, and attenuated oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with I/R. miR-185-3p overexpression rescued the promoting effect of LINC00461 upregulation on myocardial injury in I/R mice. CONCLUSION LINC00461 knockdown attenuates myocardial I/R injury via elevating miR-185-3p expression to suppress Myd88 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Economic Development District, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Economic Development District, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Economic Development District, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhidan Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guangquan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Economic Development District, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Economic Development District, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Banglong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Economic Development District, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Wu AC, Yang WB, Chang KY, Lee JS, Liou JP, Su RY, Cheng SM, Hwang DY, Kikkawa U, Hsu TI, Wang CY, Chang WC, Chen PY, Chuang JY. HDAC6 involves in regulating the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA network to promote the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:47. [PMID: 35109908 PMCID: PMC8809020 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Although the histone deacetylase (HDAC)/transcription factor axis promotes growth in GBM, whether HDACs including HDAC6 are involved in modulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to affect GBM malignancy remains obscure. Methods Integrative analysis of microarray and RNA-seq was performed to identify lncRNAs governed by HDAC6. Half-life measurement and RNA-protein pull-down assay combined with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis were conducted to identify RNA modulators. The effect of LINC00461 on GBM malignancy was evaluated using animal models and cell proliferation-related assays. Functional analysis of the LINC00461 downstream networks was performed comprehensively using ingenuity pathway analysis and public databases. Results We identified a lncRNA, LINC00461, which was substantially increased in stem-like/treatment-resistant GBM cells. LINC00461 was inversely correlated with the survival of mice-bearing GBM and it was stabilized by the interaction between HDAC6 and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) such as carbon catabolite repression—negative on TATA-less (CCR4-NOT) core exoribonuclease subunit 6 and fused in sarcoma. Targeting LINC00461 using azaindolylsulfonamide, an HDAC6 inhibitor, decreased cell-division-related proteins via the lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks and caused cell-cycle arrest, thereby suppressing proliferation in parental and drug-resistant GBM cells and prolonging the survival of mice-bearing GBM. Conclusions This study sheds light on the role of LINC00461 in GBM malignancy and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting the HDAC6/RBP/LINC00461 axis and its downstream effectors in patients with GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02257-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Chih Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Yuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao Muk Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ushio Kikkawa
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 222 Mai-jin Road, Keelung, 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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31
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Yuan Y, Li H, Pu W, Chen L, Guo D, Jiang H, He B, Qin S, Wang K, Li N, Feng J, Wen J, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Yang W, Ye D, Lu Z, Huang C, Mei J, Zhang HF, Gao P, Jiang P, Su S, Sun B, Zhao SM. Cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment: fostering each other? SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:236-279. [PMID: 34846643 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live. Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cell high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferation, and helps tumor cell to survive under certain genetic or environmental stresses. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alteration is ultimately and tightly associated with genetic changes, in particular the dysregulation of key oncogenic and tumor suppressive signaling pathways. Cancer cells activate HIF signaling even in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of growth factor stimulation. This cancer metabolic phenotype, described firstly by German physiologist Otto Warburg, insures enhanced glycolytic metabolism for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. The conception of metabolite signaling, i.e., metabolites are regulators of cell signaling, provides novel insights into how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other metabolites deregulation may regulate redox homeostasis, epigenetics, and proliferation of cancer cells. Moreover, the unveiling of noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes, such as the moonlighting functions of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), reassures the importance of metabolism in cancer development. The metabolic, microRNAs, and ncRNAs alterations in cancer cells can be sorted and delivered either to intercellular matrix or to cancer adjacent cells to shape cancer microenvironment via media such as exosome. Among them, cancer microenvironmental cells are immune cells which exert profound effects on cancer cells. Understanding of all these processes is a prerequisite for the development of a more effective strategy to contain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yuan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wang Pu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Bo He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Zhang
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Identification of Driver Genes and Interaction Networks Related to Brain Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7631456. [PMID: 35132338 PMCID: PMC8817105 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7631456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common complication of breast cancer (BC); however, the interaction networks and driver genes that lead to brain metastasis in BC patients are still unknown. In this study, we employed bioinformatics analyses to discover hub genes and long noncoding RNA- (lncRNA-) protein-coding gene (PCG) networks related to BC brain metastasis (BCBM). Firstly, we screened differentially expressed PCGs and lncRNAs in normal and BCBM samples using the GSE52604 dataset. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and overall interaction networks were constructed, and topological degrees were analyzed to identify potential driver genes. After identifying the hub pathogenic module by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), the genes in the hub module were evaluated for functional enrichment. Finally, we constructed multiple interaction networks associated with BCBM and identified seven potential driver genes, out of which MYBPC1 was the only overlapping gene in the adopted analytical methods. It is worth mentioning that we validated the prognostic value of the identified hub genes in TCGA database and evaluated the prediction ability of MYBPC1 in the GSE38057 dataset. In addition, the CIBERSORT algorithm revealed changes in the immune microenvironment. In conclusion, the driver PCGs and lncRNAs in the interaction networks can be utilized as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of brain metastasis in BC patients.
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Rao S, Tian L, Cao H, Baranova A, Zhang F. Involvement of the long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC00461 in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:59. [PMID: 35081922 PMCID: PMC8790831 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LINC00461 is a highly conserved intergenic non-protein coding RNA that was implicated in schizophrenia at the genome-wide level. We aim to explore potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of LINC00461 in schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association of LINC00461 rs410216 with schizophrenia, and evaluate the effects of the rs410216 on hippocampal volume and function using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. We utilized the GTEx dataset to profile the expression distribution of LINC00461 across different brain regions, and to investigate the potential impact of the risk SNPs on the expression of LINC00461 and other nearby genes. We compared blood expression levels of LINC00461 between schizophrenia patients and controls. RESULTS Here we show that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in regulatory elements spanning the LINC00461 region are significantly associated with schizophrenia (index SNP rs410216, Pmeta = 1.43E-05); subjects carrying the risk allele of rs410216 showed decreased hippocampal volume. However, no significant association of the rs410216 variant with hippocampal activation was observed. Moreover, the expression level of LINC00461 mRNA was significantly lower in first-onset schizophrenia patients, and the risk allele also predicts a lower transcriptional level of LINC00461 in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION Together, these convergent lines of evidence implicate inadequate LINC00461 expression in the hippocampus in the development of schizophrenia, providing novel insight into the genetic architecture and biological etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Rao
- grid.461843.cState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Lin Tian
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- grid.22448.380000 0004 1936 8032School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA USA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- grid.22448.380000 0004 1936 8032School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA USA ,grid.415876.9Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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34
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Uzuner E, Ulu GT, Gürler SB, Baran Y. The Role of MiRNA in Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2257:375-422. [PMID: 34432288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1170-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is also determined by the alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These gene expressions can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNA). At this point, researchers focus on addressing two main questions: "How are oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes regulated by miRNAs?" and "Which other mechanisms in cancer cells are regulated by miRNAs?" In this work we focus on gathering the publications answering these questions. The expression of miRNAs is affected by amplification, deletion or mutation. These processes are controlled by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which regulate different mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression including cell proliferation, cell growth, apoptosis, DNA repair, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, metabolic regulation, and immune response regulation in cancer cells. In addition, profiling of miRNA is an important step in developing a new therapeutic approach for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Uzuner
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tugçe Ulu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevim Beyza Gürler
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
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35
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Yu M, Yu J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Sun R, Xia M, Li S, Cui X. A novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network revealed exosomal circ-ATP10A as a biomarker for multiple myeloma angiogenesis. Bioengineered 2021; 13:667-683. [PMID: 34852710 PMCID: PMC8805983 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of angiogenesis in multiple myeloma (MM) is unquestionable; however, to date, the success of antiangiogenic therapies has been fairly limited. Exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proven to be pivotal players in angiogenesis in various cancers. Nevertheless, their role in MM remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral blood exosomes from MM patients and explore their diagnostic and prognostic values. We screened 2,052 circRNAs with significant differential expression between MM patients and healthy controls via high-throughput sequencing. qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of circ-ATP10A was significantly increased in MM patients. The bioinformatics analyses suggested that circ-ATP10A can act as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge and regulate the expression of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGFB), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1A), platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The immunohistochemical results indicated that the circ-ATP10A level was positively correlated with the protein levels of VEGFB and marrow microvessel density (MVD) in MM patients, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve (AUC) and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses confirmed it as a prognostic biomarker. Collectively, our study indicates that exosomal circ-ATP10A is a valuable prognostic biomarker in MM and may promote MM angiogenesis by targeting hsa-miR-6758-3p/hsa-miR-3977/hsa-miR-6804-3p/hsa-miR-1266-3p/hsa-miR-3620-3p and modulating their downstream mRNAs, such as VEGFB, HIF1A, PDGF, and FGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Third Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Runjie Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengting Xia
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sumei Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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36
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The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212204. [PMID: 34830085 PMCID: PMC8622108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.
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37
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Demystifying the long noncoding RNA landscape of small EVs derived from human mesenchymal stromal cells. J Adv Res 2021; 39:73-88. [PMID: 35777918 PMCID: PMC9263655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Allegra A, Di Gioacchino M, Tonacci A, Petrarca C, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:2865. [PMID: 34831088 PMCID: PMC8616233 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease that is still not curable. The bone marrow milieu, with cellular and non-cellular elements, participate in the creation of a pro-tumoral environment enhancing growth and survival of MM plasma cells. Exosomes are vesicles oscillating in dimension between 50 nm and 100 nm in size that can be released by various cells and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. Exosomes enclose proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs able to regulate interactions between MM plasma cells and adjacent cells. Through exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells confer chemoresistance to MM cells, while myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, influence immune response, cause bone lesions, and have an impact on the outcome of MM patients. In this review, we analyze the role played by exosomes in the progression of monoclonal gammopathies and the effects on the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells, and discuss the possible employment of exosomes as potential targets for the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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39
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Shen M, Chen T. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Potential Agents in Hematological Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4539453. [PMID: 34621464 PMCID: PMC8492257 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4539453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most exploited stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. Numerous lines of findings have reported their successful applications in a multitude of inflammatory conditions and immune disorders. However, it is currently discovered that these effects are mainly mediated in a paracrine manner by MSC-exosomes. Moreover, MSC-exosomes have been implicated in a wide variety of biological responses including immunomodulation, oxidative stress, tumor progression, and tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, they are reported to actively participate in various hematological diseases by the means of transferring different types of exosomal components to the target cells. Therefore, in this review, we briefly discuss the sources and biological features of MSCs and then illustrate the biogenesis and biological processes of MSC-exosomes. Of note, this paper especially highlights the latest research progress of MSC-exosomes in hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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40
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Nie H, Liao Z, Wang Y, Zhou J, He X, Ou C. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs: Emerging players in cancer metastasis and potential diagnostic biomarkers for personalized oncology. Genes Dis 2021; 8:769-780. [PMID: 34522707 PMCID: PMC8427254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Exosomes are a class of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play critical roles in several human diseases, especially cancer, by transferring information (e.g., DNA, RNA, and protein) via cell-to-cell communication. Numerous recent studies have shown that exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in cancer metastasis in the tumor microenvironment by altering the expression of several key signaling pathways and molecules. Due to their specificity and sensitivity, exosomal lncRNAs have potential as novel tumor markers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer metastasis. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer metastasis, the mechanisms underlying their roles, and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China
| | - Zhujun Liao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, PR China
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41
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Reale A, Khong T, Mithraprabhu S, Spencer A. Translational Potential of RNA Derived From Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718502. [PMID: 34513695 PMCID: PMC8429596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between tumour cells and stromal cells is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), a blood cancer that still remains incurable despite increased knowledge of its biology and advances in its treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from both tumour and stromal cells have been shown to play an important role in mediating this cross-talk ultimately favouring MM progression and drug resistance. Furthermore, EVs and their content including RNA (EV-RNA) have been successfully isolated from blood and are being explored as liquid biomarkers in MM with the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring modalities with a minimally-invasive and repeatable analysis, i.e. liquid biopsy. In this review, we describe both the role of EV-RNA in defining the biological features of MM and their potential translational relevance as liquid biomarkers, therapeutic targets and delivery systems. We also discuss the limitations and technical challenges related to the isolation and characterization of EVs and provide a perspective on the future of MM-derived EV-RNA in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reale
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tiffany Khong
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sridurga Mithraprabhu
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, and Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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42
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Han G, Guo Q, Ma N, Bi W, Xu M, Jia J. Apatinib inhibits cell proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma via activating LINC00261/miR-620/PTEN axis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1785-1798. [PMID: 34424120 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1949132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apatinib has been recently identified as a potential treatment option for osteosarcoma (OS). Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of Apatinib in regulating OS progression remains unclear. To explore the downstream molecules that mediated the tumor-suppressive effect of Apatinib on OS. Expression levels of genes were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Functional assays including Transwell assay were applied to detect the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of OS cells. Molecular interactions were detected by luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. Apatinib inhibited the proliferation and migration of OS cells. LINC00261 was down-regulated in OS cells but then up-regulated after the treatment by Apatinib. Silencing LINC00261 abrogated the suppressive effect of Apatinib on OS cell proliferation and migration. MicroRNA-620 (miR-620) could be sponged by LINC00261. Besides, miR-620 was up-regulated in OS cells and Apatinib treatment reduced miR-620 expression. Furthermore, LINC00261 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sequestering miR-620 to up-regulate the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Moreover, Apatinib hindered in vitro cell proliferation and migration as well as the in vivo tumorigenesis of OS through LINC00261/miR-620/PTEN axis. Apatinib-enhanced LINC00261 restrained OS via miR-620/PTEN axis, indicating LINC00261 might promote the efficacy of Apatinib on OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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43
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Khalife J, Sanchez JF, Pichiorri F. The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated RNAs in the Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689538. [PMID: 34235082 PMCID: PMC8255802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of terminally differentiated plasma cells (PCs) that develop at multiple sites within the bone marrow (BM). MM is treatable but rarely curable because of the frequent emergence of drug resistance and relapse. Increasing evidence indicates that the BM microenvironment plays a major role in supporting MM-PC survival and resistance to therapy. The BM microenvironment is a complex milieu containing hematopoietic cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts, all contributing to the pathobiology of MM, including PC proliferation, escape from immune surveillance, angiogenesis and bone disease development. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous lipid structures released by all cell types and mediate local and distal cellular communication. In MM, EVs are key mediators of the cross-talk between PCs and the surrounding microenvironment because of their ability to deliver bioactive cargo molecules such as lipids, mRNAs, non-coding regulatory RNA and proteins. Hence, MM-EVs highly contribute to establish a tumor-supportive BM niche that impacts MM pathogenesis and disease progression. In this review, we will first highlight the effects of RNA-containing, MM-derived EVs on the several cellular compartments within the BM microenvironment that play a role in the different aspects of MM pathology. We will also touch on the prospective use of MM-EV-associated non-coding RNAs as clinical biomarkers in the context of “liquid biopsy” in light of their importance as a promising tool in MM diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalife
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - James F Sanchez
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Maiso P, Mogollón P, Ocio EM, Garayoa M. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Their Role as Active Contributors to Myeloma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2542. [PMID: 34067236 PMCID: PMC8196907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that proliferate and accumulate within the bone marrow (BM). Work from many groups has made evident that the complex microenvironment of the BM plays a crucial role in myeloma progression and response to therapeutic agents. Within the cellular components of the BM, we will specifically focus on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known to interact with myeloma cells and the other components of the BM through cell to cell, soluble factors and, as more recently evidenced, through extracellular vesicles. Multiple structural and functional abnormalities have been found when characterizing MSCs derived from myeloma patients (MM-MSCs) and comparing them to those from healthy donors (HD-MSCs). Other studies have identified differences in genomic, mRNA, microRNA, histone modification, and DNA methylation profiles. We discuss these distinctive features shaping MM-MSCs and propose a model for the transition from HD-MSCs to MM-MSCs as a consequence of the interaction with myeloma cells. Finally, we review the contribution of MM-MSCs to several aspects of myeloma pathology, specifically to myeloma growth and survival, drug resistance, dissemination and homing, myeloma bone disease, and the induction of a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Maiso
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Mogollón
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (P.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (P.M.); (M.G.)
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Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao X. Targeting Bcl-2 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188569. [PMID: 34015412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis deficiency is one of the most important features observed in neoplastic diseases. The Bcl-2 family is composed of a subset of proteins that act as decisive apoptosis regulators. Research and clinical studies have both demonstrated that the hyperactivation of Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic effects correlates with cancer occurrence, progression and prognosis, also having a role in facilitating the radio- and chemoresistance of various malignancies. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 inactivation has provided some compelling therapeutic advantages by enhancing apoptotic sensitivity or reversing drug resistance. Therefore, this pharmacological route turned into one of the most promising routes for cancer treatment. This review discusses some of the well-defined and emerging roles of Bcl-2 as well as its potential clinical value in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
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The Role of lncRNAs in the Pathobiology and Clinical Behavior of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081976. [PMID: 33923983 PMCID: PMC8074217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological neoplasm, is still considered an incurable disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), genes that do not encode proteins, participate in numerous biological processes, but their deregulation, like that of coding genes, can contribute to carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence points to the relevant role of lncRNAs in the development of human tumors, such that they emerge as attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, including MM. Here we review the oncogenic or tumor-suppressor functions of lncRNAs in MM and provide an overview of novel therapeutic approaches based on lncRNAs that will help to improve the management of these patients. Abstract MM is a hematological neoplasm that is still considered an incurable disease. Besides established genetic alterations, recent studies have shown that MM pathogenesis is also characterized by epigenetic aberrations, such as the gain of de novo active chromatin marks in promoter and enhancer regions and extensive DNA hypomethylation of intergenic regions, highlighting the relevance of these non-coding genomic regions. A recent study described how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) correspond to 82% of the MM transcriptome and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of deregulation of lncRNAs in MM. In this review we focus on the deregulated lncRNAs in MM, including their biological or functional mechanisms, their role as biomarkers to improve the prognosis and monitoring of MM patients, and their participation in drug resistance. Furthermore, we also discuss the evidence supporting the role of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets through different novel RNA-based strategies.
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Chen Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu W, Zhu X. Exosomal Non-coding RNAs-Mediated Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646864. [PMID: 33912560 PMCID: PMC8072401 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by different types of cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and participate in multiple biological processes of tumors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) enveloped in exosomes and released to the TME are shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and development, as well as act as important intracellular communication mediators. However, the understanding on the exact regulatory functions and substrates of exosomal RNA is still at an early stage. In this review, we provided an overview on recent studies on exosomes mediating the modulation of both tumor cells and immune cells, then summarized the exosomal ncRNAs [such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs)] secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells that exhibited potential capabilities to regulate tumor cell growth, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune response. Our review may hopefully inspire a deeper understanding on the ncRNAs’ function as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and as novel targets therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Affiliated People Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Reproduction Medicine Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Lyu T, Zhang B, Li M, Jiao X, Song Y. Research progress on exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in hematological malignancies. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:162-169. [PMID: 32869900 PMCID: PMC8246925 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of multifunctional stem cells with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation properties that play a pivotal role in tumor progression. MSCs are reported to exert biological functions by secreting specialized vesicles, known as exosomes, with tumor cells. Exosomes participate in material and information exchange between cells and are crucial in multiple physiological and pathological processes. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles, mechanisms of action and sources of MSC exosomes in hematological malignancies, and different tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueli Jiao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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LINC00461/miR-4478/E2F1 feedback loop promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221872. [PMID: 31934717 PMCID: PMC7042125 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent subtype of lung cancer, whose mortality is high. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have caught rising attentions because of their intricate roles in regulating cancerization and cancer progression. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 461 (LINC00461) has recently shown oncogenic potential in several cancers, but the function of LINC00461 in NSCLC remains to be investigated. Our study planned to unveil the regulatory role of LINC00461 in NSCLC. It was validated that LINC00461 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines and exhibited prognostic significance. Furthermore, LINC00461 expression in advanced stage was much higher than in early stage. Loss-of-function experiments suggested that LINC00461 knockdown impaired cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subcellular fractionation revealed the predominant location of LINC00461 in cytoplasm. Mechanistically, LINC00461 up-regulated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) expression through sponging miR-4478. Besides, E2F1 bound to the promoter of LINC00461 to induce its transcription. Finally, rescue experiments verified that LINC00461 aggravated proliferation, migration, and EMT through targeting miR-4478/E2F1 axis. In consequence, the present study illustrated that LINC00461/miR-4478/E2F1 feedback loop promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, providing a new prognostic marker for NSCLC.
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Forte D, Barone M, Palandri F, Catani L. The "Vesicular Intelligence" Strategy of Blood Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030416. [PMID: 33805807 PMCID: PMC7999060 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood cancers are a heterogeneous group of disorders including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. They may derive from the clonal evolution of the hemopoietic stem cell compartment or from the transformation of progenitors with immune potential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanovesicles which are released by cells into body fluids with a role in intercellular communication in physiology and pathology, including cancer. EV cargos are enriched in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and these molecules can be delivered to target cells to influence their biological properties and modify surrounding or distant targets. In this review, we will describe the “smart strategy” on how blood cancer-derived EVs modulate tumor cell development and maintenance. Moreover, we will also depict the function of microenvironment-derived EVs in blood cancers and discuss how the interplay between tumor and microenvironment affects blood cancer cell growth and spreading, immune response, angiogenesis, thrombogenicity, and drug resistance. The potential of EVs as non-invasive biomarkers will be also discussed. Lastly, we discuss the clinical application viewpoint of EVs in blood cancers. Overall, blood cancers apply a ‘vesicular intelligence’ strategy to spread signals over their microenvironment, promoting the development and/or maintenance of the malignant clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Forte
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Barone
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Palandri
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (L.C.); Tel.: +39-5121-43044 (F.P.); +39-5121-43837 (L.C.)
| | - Lucia Catani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (M.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (L.C.); Tel.: +39-5121-43044 (F.P.); +39-5121-43837 (L.C.)
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