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Alshahrani AM, Lim CH, Wolff MS, Janal MN, Zhang Y. Current speed sintering and high-speed sintering protocols compromise the translucency but not strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Dent Mater 2024; 40:664-673. [PMID: 38378371 PMCID: PMC11015968 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impacts of speed and high-speed sintering on the densification, microstructure, phase composition, translucency, and flexural strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). METHODS A total of 162 disc-shaped specimens (n = 18) were cold-isostatically pressed from 3YSZ (Zpex), 4YSZ (Zpex 4), and 5YSZ (Zpex Smile) powders (Tosoh Corporation) and sintered according to the following protocols: conventional (control, ∼12 h), speed (∼28 min for 3YSZ; ∼60 min for 4YSZ and 5YSZ), and high-speed (∼18 min) sintering. Dimensions of zirconia specimens after sintering and polishing (1-μm diamond grit finish) were Ø13.75 × 1 mm. Density, microstructure, phase content, translucency parameter, and biaxial flexural strength were evaluated using Archimedes', SEM, XRD, spectrophotometric, and piston-on-3-ball methods, respectively. Data were analyzed with either one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS For all YSZ compositions, conventional sintering yielded the highest density followed by speed then high-speed sintering. All sintering protocols resulted in similar strength values; however, speed and high-speed sintering protocols afforded significantly lower translucency relative to conventional sintering. XRD analysis revealed similar spectra for YSZs sintered by various protocols. The speed sintered specimens had the smallest grain size whereas the high-speed sintered 5YSZ possessed the largest grain size among all groups. SEM examination of all YSZ compositions revealed that the average pore size was an order of magnitude smaller than the average grain size. SIGNIFICANCE Speed and high-speed sintering of YSZs yield similar strength but diminished density and translucency relative to their conventionally sintered counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Alshahrani
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chek Hai Lim
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark S Wolff
- Morton Amsterdam Dean, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Alao AR. Optimization of surface roughness, phase transformation and shear bond strength in sandblasting process of YTZP using statistical machine learning. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106245. [PMID: 37992583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sandblasting process is often applied to roughen the intaglio of yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (YTZP) surfaces for easy and quality adhesion and micro-shear retention with dentine/resin cements. Sandblasting process parameters have shown to influence, at different scales, surface roughness, phase transformation and shear bond strength, all of which are referred, herein, as performance characteristics. This study aimed to find the parametric settings of sandblasting parameters that could simultaneously optimize these performance characteristics, hypothetically testing the probability. YTZP surfaces were sandblasted at different levels of incidence angle (IA), abrasive particle size (AP), pressure(P) and sandblasting time (ST) following the Taguchi method based on the two-level parametric process settings (L8(27)). Surface morphologies, roughness (SR), monoclinic content (MC), and shear bond strength (SS) were characterized by the SEM, average surface roughness, XRD, and shear bond strength tests, respectively. Rough surfaces containing scratches, plastic deformation streaks, micro cracks and pitting were observed. According to the Taguchi method, the same optimum sandblasting parametric setting maximized SR and MC but failed to maximize SS. Subsequently, the principal component analysis embedded in statistical machine learning was applied to find the optimum sandblasting parametric setting that maximized all the performance characteristics. The optimum sandblasting setting of IA = 45°, AP = 110 μm, ST = 20 s and P = 400 kPa predicted the maximum values of SR = 0.773 μm, MC = 36% and SS = 16.6 MPa. Analysis of variance confirmed AP and P as the most influencing parameters affecting all performance characteristics. Finally, these results provide a systematic and comprehensive route for optimizing sandblasting roughening of YTZP surfaces which can be adopted in adhesive dental and orthodontic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur-Rasheed Alao
- Mechanical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Wellness Research Thrust, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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Frąckiewicz W, Szymlet P, Jedliński M, Światłowska-Bajzert M, Sobolewska E. Mechanical characteristics of zirconia produced additively by 3D printing in dentistry - A systematic review with meta-analysis of novel reports. Dent Mater 2024; 40:124-138. [PMID: 37940500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at comparing the mechanical parameters of ceramics made using the addition and subtraction technique. METHODS A search was performed on four search engines on 5th April 2023. Quality assessment was performed using study type-specific scales. Where possible, a meta-analysis was performed. SOURCES Data were extracted from four search engines: PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus. STUDY SELECTION The search strategy identified 686 potential articles. 19 papers were subject to qualitative analysis, and data from 11 papers were meta-analysed. The included studies were of high or medium quality. All included papers were in-vitro studies. No clinical trials were found in the literature. SIGNIFICANCE Ceramics made in the additive technology in terms of mechanical parameters can compete with ceramics made in the milling technology. There are no clinical studies yet that would indicate the use of this type of material for permanent restorations in patients. Studies presented in the literature vary greatly in terms of study design and reporting of results. The research did not receive external funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Frąckiewicz
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Szymlet
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Jedliński
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Światłowska-Bajzert
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Sobolewska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Albakri IA, AlHorani Z, Hatamleh M, Al-Omari WM. Evaluation of Shade Reproducibility and Mechanical Properties of Preshaded and Manually Shaded Monolithic Zirconia. Oper Dent 2024; 49:110-116. [PMID: 38180471 DOI: 10.2341/23-016-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of manual coloring of blank monolithic zirconia blocks of four materials on their shade reproducibility, flexural strength, and surface roughness as compared with preshaded blocks of the same material. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eight disc-shaped specimens (diameter=12mm; height=2mm) and eight bar-shaped specimens (25×2×2 mm) were milled from the shaded and non-shaded blocks of the four zirconia systems: Ceramill, Kerox, White Peaks, and Dental Direkt. In total, 128 specimens were fabricated. The non-shaded specimens of each system were coloured according to A2 shade. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a contact profilometer. Color difference was calculated according to the CIEDE2000 formula. The bar-shaped specimens were loaded to fracture following three-point bend testing at 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. Data were analysed following one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey post-hoc test (p=0.05). RESULTS Manual-coloring affected the surface roughness, color difference, and flexural strength of three materials in comparison to their preshaded blocks (p<0.05). White Peaks was not affected (p>0.05). Ra values ranged from 1.1-1.9; three materials were not affected (p>0.05). Kerox preshaded blocks were the smoothest (p<0.05) but became the roughest once colored (p<0.05). White Peaks and Dental Direkt materials had preshaded blocks matching the A2 guide-tab (p>0.05). DE was perceptible and unacceptable for the preshaded and manually shaded blocks of all materials tested (ΔE>1.8). While manual coloring reduced flexural strength of Ceramill and Dental Direkt (p<0.05), flexural strength was retained by Kerox and White Peaks (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS White Peaks was not affected by the coloring technique. Coloring had negative effects on Ceramill flexural strength and color reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Albakri
- *Isra' Abdelkarim Moh'd Albakri, MPhiL, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Z AlHorani
- Zaid AlHourani, PhD, associate professor, Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
| | - M Hatamleh
- Muhanad Hatamleh, PhD, professor, Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
| | - W M Al-Omari
- Wael M Al-Omari, PhD, professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
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Łagodzińska P, Dejak B, Krasowski M, Konieczny B. The Influence of Alumina Airborne-Particle Abrasion with Various Sizes of Alumina Particles on the Phase Transformation and Fracture Resistance of Zirconia-Based Dental Ceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5419. [PMID: 37570123 PMCID: PMC10419888 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface of zirconia-based dental ceramic restorations require preparation prior to adhesive cementation. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of airborne-particle abrasion with different sizes of alumina particles (50 μm, 110 μm, or 250 μm) on the mechanical strength of zirconia-based ceramics' frameworks and on the extent of phase transformations. A fracture resistance test was performed. The central surface of the frameworks was subjected to a load [N]. The identification and quantitative determination of the crystalline phase present in the zirconia specimens was assessed using X-ray diffraction. The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used to establish significance (α = 0.05). The fracture resistance of zirconia-based frameworks significantly increases with an increase in the size of alumina particles used for air abrasion: 715.5 N for 250 μm alumina particles, 661.1 N for 110 μm, 608.7 N for 50 μm and the lowest for the untreated specimens (364.2 N). The X-ray diffraction analysis showed an increase in the monoclinic phase content after air abrasion: 50 μm alumina particles-26%, 110 μm-40%, 250 μm-56%, and no treatment-none. Air abrasion of the zirconia-based dental ceramics' surface with alumina particles increases the fracture resistance of zirconia copings and the monoclinic phase volume. This increase is strongly related to the alumina particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łagodzińska
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Dejak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Krasowski
- University Laboratory of Material Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Konieczny
- University Laboratory of Material Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
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Comparison of Testing Designs for Flexural Strength of 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ Considering Different Surface Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113915. [PMID: 35683212 PMCID: PMC9181921 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different surface treatments and the corresponding surface roughness on the ball-on-three-balls test and piston-on-three-balls test for measuring flexural strength 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ. Additionally, the influence of cutting the material into the specimens when pre-sintered or fully sintered was analyzed. A total of 120 specimens for each material group, 3Y-TZP zirconia (Katana HT, Kuraray) and the 4 different layers of multilayered 5Y-PSZ zirconia (Katana UTML, Kuraray), were produced. The used material was cut into half of the specimens in a fully sintered stage, the other half was cut when pre-sintered. Each subgroup was divided into 3 different surface treatment groups being air abraded with 50 µm alumina particles at 1 bar pressure, ground with 600 SiC paper or polished up to 1 µm with a polycristalline diamond suspension. These were then analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (N = 3) and tested for flexural strength using the ball-on-three-balls test (N = 10) or piston-on-three-balls test (N = 10). For 3Y-TZP groups different surface roughness did not result in statistically significant differences in flexural strength but cutting the specimens in fully sintered state significantly reduced flexural strength of 1133 ± 109 to 741 ± 81 MPa. For 5Y-PSZ groups air abrasion of the specimens with alumina particles significantly reduced the flexural strength of 562 ± 68 MPa to 358 ± 58 MPa. Cutting and surface treatment in pre-sintered or fully sintered state had no significant influence. Flexural strength testing with the ball-on-three-balls test resulted in about 20% higher strengths compared to the piston-on-three-balls test. Results of both tests showed the same tendencies when compared.
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Effect of repeated millings on the surface integrity of diamond burs and roughness of different CAD/CAM materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5325-5337. [PMID: 35449245 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the surface integrity of two types of diamond burs and their effect on the roughness of different CAD/CAM materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD/CAM materials, Vita Mark II (VM), IPS e.max CAD (EM), Celtra Duo (CD), G-Ceram (GC), and Lava Ultimate (LU) blocks were milled with CEREC MCXL. Five pairs of pointed cylinder burs (CB) and step burs (SB) were used repeatedly. The wear rate of burs was analyzed before and after milling with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and weighing the burs. The milling time of the blocks at different milling stages was recorded from 2 (M2) to 8 times (M8) of use. The surface roughness (Ra) of blocks was measured with a profilometer. Data from the differences in surface roughness were analyzed using univariate analyses of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS For M2, the highest roughness (2.12 ± 0.1 μm) was observed with the VM block. EM blocks presented the highest roughness values (1.82 ± 0.3 μm, 1.85 ± 0.1 μm, and 1.86 ± 0.04 μm) at M4, M6, and M8, respectively. While the highest Ra values were observed for VM (2.12 to 1.43 µm), LU provided the lowest mean Ra (1.62 to 1.33 µm) among the tested materials. After the repeated use of burs up to 8 times, the surface roughness of all the tested materials decreased. Milling of LU resulted in chip deposits on the CB surface in SEM images. The duration of cutting was higher for CD and EM materials than those of other materials, but the milling duration for VM, GC, and LU blocks was similar. SB burs exhibited more wear than CB after repeated milling. CONCLUSIONS A repeated number of millings more than 4 times decreased the surface integrity of the milling burs, increased the surface roughness of CAD/CAM blocks except for LU, and increased the milling duration. Increased material hardness was more detrimental on bur surface integrity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE During milling CAD/CAM blocks, clinicians should note that the surface integrity of milling burs decreases after 4 times of use as a function of material hardness where step burs wear quicker than pointed cylinder burs.
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Evaluation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation for debonding of zirconia hybrid abutment crowns from titanium bases. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2675-2685. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shelar P, Abdolvand H, Butler S. On the behaviour of zirconia-based dental materials: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104861. [PMID: 34600431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia-based dental materials are extensively used in clinical practice due to their tooth-like appearance, biofunctionality, biocompatibility, and affordability. However, premature clinical failures of veneering porcelains raise a concern about their integrity. Extensive studies have been performed over a decade to resolve this issue, but it is challenging to reference all information effectively. A single source identifying the significance of potential parameters on material performance has not previously been available. An evidence-based meta-narrative review technique was used to review the characteristic parameters that can affect the overall behaviour of zirconia-based materials. Keywords were chosen to assess manuscripts based on scientific coherence with this paper's research objective. Online keyword searches were carried out on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SAGE databases for relevant published manuscripts from year 1985-2020.261 out of 3170 identified manuscripts were included. A total of 10 parameters were identified and classified into the material, manufacturing, and geometric aspects. The effect of every parameter was reviewed on the performance of the material. A discrepancy in findings was observed and is attributed to the fact that there is no standard methodology. This review acts as a single source that summarizes various parameters' contribution to zirconia-based dental materials' performance. This review facilitates manufacturing improvements by accounting for every parameter's effect on overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shelar
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Abdolvand
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Butler
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Alsubaiy EF, Chaturvedi S, Qutub OA, Mously HA, Zarbah MA, Haralur SB, Bhagat TV. Novel CAD-CAM zirconia coping design to enhance the aesthetics and strength for anterior PLZ crowns. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:1161-1171. [PMID: 33998567 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aesthetics and strength of anterior porcelain layered zirconia (PLZ) crowns are mainly affected by the zirconia (Zr) coping design. There is a need for a modified design to enhance aesthetics with strength. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of anterior PLZ crowns having modified CAD-CAM Zr coping designs (in terms of thickness and marginal collar designs) with standard Zr copings. METHODS Fifty PLZ crowns were fabricated and divided into two groups: Gr 1: Standard Zr Coping (SZC) (control gr) with 0.5 mm thickness (Facial-F, Mesial-M, Distal-D, incisal-I, and Palatal-P) without a collar; Gr 2: Collar Zr Coping (CZC) (test gr) with 2.5 mm collar height on M, D, P and 0.2 mm F and variable facial wall thickness. Subgroups: Gr 2a: (CZC-0.5 mm) facial wall thickness 0.5 mm; Gr 2b: (CZC-0.4 mm) facial wall thickness 0.4 mm; Gr 2c: (CZC-0.3 mm) facial wall thickness 0.3 mm; Gr 2d: (CZC-0.2 mm) facial wall thickness 0.2 mm. The fracture load was determined and analysed using One-way ANOVA and Dunnet test. RESULTS The minimum fracture load was 927.36 ± 127.80 N observed for Gr 2c (CZC at 0.3 mm) while the maximum fracture load was 1373.61 ± 146.54 N observed for Gr 2a (CZC at 0.5 mm). A highly significant difference in mean fracture load among various Zr coping groups (p< 0.001) was determined. CONCLUSIONS Novel Zr coping design for anterior PLZ crowns can provide better aesthetics with strength. Reducing the thickness of Zr coping in the aesthetic zone to 0.2 mm and providing a modified collar design (2.5 mm collar height on M, D, P, and 0.2 mm F) would provide strength without jeopardizing aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Fihaid Alsubaiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Qutub
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Abdullah Mously
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Zarbah
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satheesh B Haralur
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tushar V Bhagat
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
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Yilmaz AD, Okutan Y. Effect of air-abrasion at pre- and/or post-sintered stage and hydrothermal aging on surface roughness, phase transformation, and flexural strength of multilayered monolithic zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:606-616. [PMID: 33236475 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of air-abrasion/sintering order and autoclave aging on the surface roughness (Ra), phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of monolithic zirconia. A total of 104 monolithic zirconia specimens (Katana ML) were divided into eight groups according to airborne-particle abrasion protocols and hydrothermal aging: control (non-aged: C-, aged: C+), air-abrasion before sintering (BS-, BS+), air-abrasion after sintering (AS-, AS+), and air-abrasion before and after sintering (BAS-, BAS+). A steam autoclave was used for accelerated aging, and Ra values were measured with a surface profilometer. All specimens were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to determine any phase transformation on the zirconia surface. BFS was measured by using the piston-on-three-balls method. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were performed on one specimen per group. BS and BAS groups showed higher Ra values compared with groups C and AS. The aging process significantly increased the monoclinic phase content of all specimens. Lower monoclinic levels were found in AS+ and BAS+ compared with other aged groups. The AS groups exhibited higher flexural strength values relative to control groups, whereas BS groups exhibited significantly lower flexural strength values (p < .05). There was no reduction in flexural strength by using the BAS protocol. Air-abrasion of zirconia at the pre-sintered stage only is not recommended in clinical use because of the remarkable decrease in flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dogus Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Canakkale Oral and Dental Health Center, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yener Okutan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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12
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Okutan Y, Kandemir B, Gundogdu Y, Kilic HS, Yucel MT. Combined application of femtosecond laser and air-abrasion protocols to monolithic zirconia at different sintering stages: Effects on surface roughness and resin bond strength. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:596-605. [PMID: 33073447 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of femtosecond laser (Fs) and/or air-abrasion protocols on surface roughness (Ra) of zirconia and resin bond strength. Eighty zirconia samples were randomly divided into eight subgroups according to surface treatment protocols: Control (C), Air-abrasion before sintering (ABS), Air-abrasion after sintering (AAS), Air-abrasion before and after sintering (ABS + AAS), Fs laser before sintering (FBS), Fs laser before sintering + air-abrasion after sintering (FBS + AAS), Fs laser after sintering (FAS), and Fs laser after sintering + air-abrasion after sintering (FAS + AAS). Measurements of Ra values were obtained using a surface profilometer. Surface morphological properties were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and crystallographic changes were examined by X-Ray diffractometry (XRD). Self-adhesive resin cement was bonded to zirconia samples, and shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tamhane tests. The control group displayed the lowest Ra and SBS values among all groups. The highest Ra and SBS values were found in the FBS and FBS + AAS groups. Air-abrasion applied before sintering significantly increased the Ra of specimens. FAS, FAS + AAS, and ABS + AAS groups exhibited higher SBS values than AAS and ABS (p < .05). Air-abrasion applied after Fs laser did not produce any significant change in the Ra and SBS compared to Fs laser alone (p > .05). Femtosecond laser application may be a promising method to enhance the surface roughness of zirconia and improve resin bond strength. Air-abrasion at pre- and post-sintered stages may also be a viable surface treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Okutan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Banucicek Kandemir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gundogdu
- Department of Electric and Energy, Selcuk University, Kadınhanı Faik İçil Vocational High School, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Sukur Kilic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Munir Tolga Yucel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Maminskas J, Pilipavicius J, Staisiunas E, Baranovas G, Alksne M, Daugela P, Juodzbalys G. Novel Yttria-Stabilized Zirconium Oxide and Lithium Disilicate Coatings on Titanium Alloy Substrate for Implant Abutments and Biomedical Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2070. [PMID: 32365921 PMCID: PMC7254192 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to create novel bioceramic coatings on a titanium alloy and evaluate their surface properties in comparison with conventional prosthetic materials. The highly polished titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Ti) was used as a substrate for yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide (3YSZ) and lithium disilicate (LS2) coatings. They were generated using sol-gel strategies. In comparison, highly polished surfaces of Ti, yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide (ZrO2), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were utilized. Novel coatings were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The roughness by atomic force microscope (AFM), water contact angle (WCA), and surface free energy (SFE) were determined. Additionally, biocompatibility and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) adhesion processes (using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)) were observed. The deposition of 3YSZ and LS2 coatings changed the physicochemical properties of the Ti. Both coatings were biocompatible, while Ti-3YSZ demonstrated the most significant cell area of 2630 μm2 (p ≤ 0.05) and the significantly highest, 66.75 ± 4.91, focal adhesions (FAs) per cell after 24 h (p ≤ 0.05). By contrast, PEEK and PMMA demonstrated the highest roughness and WCA and the lowest results for cellular response. Thus, Ti-3YSZ and Ti-LS2 surfaces might be promising for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Maminskas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50106 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgis Pilipavicius
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Edvinas Staisiunas
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Gytis Baranovas
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Milda Alksne
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Povilas Daugela
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50140 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.D.); (G.J.)
| | - Gintaras Juodzbalys
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50140 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.D.); (G.J.)
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Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Önöral Ö, Aktore H, Ozan O. Does the application of surface treatments in different sintering stages affect flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia? J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:81-90. [PMID: 31774243 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of surface treatments conducted in presintering and postsintering stages on flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were milled from partially sintered zirconia blocks in different geometries and divided into three main groups as presintered, postsintered, and control groups. Test groups were further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the surface treatments conducted (grinding, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, air-borne particle abrasion [APA]). Four-point flexural strength (σ) test and Weibull analysis were conducted. Color differences (ΔE00 ) and translucency parameter (TPab ) were calculated with a spectrophotometer. Surfaces of specimens were scrutinized under FESEM. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Postsintered groups exhibited higher σ values (P < .05). Within all groups, highest and lowest σ values were detected at postsintered and presintered APA groups, respectively (P < .05). All ΔE00 values were above the perceptibility threshold (ΔE00 > 0.8). Higher TPab values were obtained and deeper scratches were observed in presintered groups. CONCLUSIONS Surface treatments performed at postsintering stage had a favorable effect on the flexural strength of all specimens. Surface treatments performed before sintering increased translucency and caused higher ΔE00 values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surface treatments performed at different sintering stages can alter mechanical and optical properties of zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Kurtulmus-Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Özay Önöral
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | | | - Oguz Ozan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey
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15
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Lawson NC, Maharishi A. Strength and translucency of zirconia after high-speed sintering. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:219-225. [PMID: 31515932 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the strength and translucency of CAD/CAM zirconia blocks, with traditional and high-speed sintering, to lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three zirconia materials (Katana STML Block, Prettau Anterior, and Zpex Smile) were tested with either traditional (7 hours) or high-speed (18 or 30 minutes in a SpeedFire furnace) sintering. A lithium disilicate material (IPS e.max CAD) was tested as a reference. Three-point bend flexural strength specimens (16 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm, n = 10) were tested on 14-mm-separated supports and loaded to failure at 1 mm/min. Specimens (1 mm thick, n = 10) were measured in a Color-i7 spectrophotometer against a black and white background to calculate translucency parameter. Zirconia specimens were thermally etched and a grain structure was observed with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS There were significant differences between materials for flexural strength, translucency parameter, and grain size (P < .001). Grains became significantly larger and pores were present when two of the zirconia materials (Prettau Anterior and Zpex Smile) were sintered with a high-speed sintering program. CONCLUSIONS Two of the zirconia materials (Prettau Anterior and Zpex Smile) became less translucent and less strong using a high-speed sintering program, whereas another (Katana STML Block) was unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Lawson
- Division of Biomaterials, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anvita Maharishi
- Division of Biomaterials, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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16
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Tokar E, Polat S, Ozturk C. Repair bond strength of composite to Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiated zirconia and porcelain surfaces. Biomed J 2019; 42:193-199. [PMID: 31466713 PMCID: PMC6717752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture or chipping are major concerning failures of an all-ceramic restoration. Repairing of the failure restoration using intra-oral technique is time saving and cost effective treatment modality. The present study was proposed to evaluate effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on shear bond strength between zirconia/porcelain and composite resin. METHODS Thirty zirconia and thirty zirconia based porcelain disc shape specimens were prepared. Three different surface treatment procedure were applied the specimens. For control groups (Group ZC and PC), instruction manual of an intra-oral porcelain repair system was followed. Different pulse rates of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (short and long pulses) were applied to zirconia and porcelain surfaces for other groups (Group ZS, ZL, PS, and PL). Porcelain repair kit was used to repair specimens using standard cylindrical teflon mold (2 × 2 mm). Repair bond strength of the repaired specimens was tested using a universal testing machine. RESULTS Highest mean bond strength value was observed at Group PC that was significantly higher than laser applied porcelain groups. Long pulse laser irradiation illustrated that increased mean bond strength compared to short pulse application on to the porcelain surface. Laser applied zirconia groups showed better mean bond strength than Group ZC, but differences between the groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Different modes of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation enhanced repair bond strength of the composite resin to zirconia, but these were not significant. Following the instruction manual for surface treatment on the porcelain surface was better method than Er,Cr:YSGG laser surface conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Tokar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Polat
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Ozturk
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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17
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Ozevcimen AN, Kirmali O. Shear Bond Strength Between Zirconia and Veneer Ceramic: Effect of Thermocycling and Laser Treatment. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:434-441. [PMID: 31265377 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various presintering and sintered surface treatments and thermocycling on the bond strength between zirconia and veneer ceramics. Background data: Bond stability between zirconia and veneer ceramic is a major concern, and only limited evidence about its longevity is currently available. Moreover, no study has yet evaluated the influence of thermocycling on the bond strength of veneer ceramic to zirconia after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at different pulse durations and sandblasting. Materials and methods: In this study, 220 nonsintered zirconia specimens were prepared with CAD/CAM and randomly divided into 2 groups; half of the specimens in each group were stored in water for 1 week, and the other half were thermocycled (5000 cycles) between baths of 5°C and 55°C. Specimens were then divided into five subgroups based on the following surface treatments: control (untreated surface), sandblasting (120 μm Al2O3), and Er,Cr: YSGG laser irradiations (3 W-8 Hz, 3 W-15 Hz, and 3 W-20 Hz, MGG 6 laser tip, for 20 sec, distance of 10 mm, water/airflow of 55% and 65%). Morphological assessment was done using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and phase transformation was assessed by X-ray diffractometry. All specimens were then veneered with veneering ceramic, and bond strength test using a universal testing device at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There was no significant difference in the bonding strength values among the (p > 0.05). Thermocycling reduced the bond strength, but it was not significant (p > 0.05), except for the presintering 20 Hz group (p < 0.02). Conclusions: Application of thermocycling to sintered zirconia specimens may be detrimental to the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramics. Treating the zirconia surface after sintering is not recommended, due to the decrease in bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omer Kirmali
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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18
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Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Laser Scanning and Conventional Techniques on Zirconia Shear Bond Strength. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the impact of different laser scanning with that of conventional methods on zirconia surface treatment through evaluation of shear bond strength (SBS) values. One hundred and thirty-two sintered zirconia cubic-samples were prepared and randomly divided into six study groups: milling control (without surface treatment); grinding; sandblasting; and three-times, four-times, and five-times laser scanning groups. The treatment process for the first three groups was performed before the zirconia coating, while the last three groups were treated after zirconia coating with veneer slurry through a spraying technique. In the current study, the surface roughness Ra, contact angle measurement, phase transformation, topography and interfaces, SBS in unaged and aged conditions, and fracture mode patterns of zirconia cores were investigated. The results were analyzed using laser confocal scanning microscopy, drop analyzer, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. The results indicated that three-times laser scanned specimens presented higher Ra values than the other studied groups. The minimum contact angle value was detected in the mentioned group, while the control group presented the highest value. The XRD showed phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic t–m following grinding and sandblasting. However, the laser scanned specimens and the control group preserved the structural integrity of the zirconia core, presenting the tetragonal phase only. The highest SBS values were recorded in specimens treated with three-times laser scanning in the unaged and aged conditions. A mixed fracture was a common fracture pattern among the studied groups. The results confirmed that SBS could be optimized through three-times laser scanning and it provided better adhesion between zirconia and the veneer ceramic material. Multiple scanning processes of more than three times are not recommended for zirconia surface treatment.
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Rigos AE, Dandoulaki C, Kontonasaki E, Kokoti M, Papadopoulou L, Koidis P. Effect of Immediate Dentin Sealing on the Bond Strength of Monolithic Zirconia to Human Dentin. Oper Dent 2019; 44:E167-E179. [DOI: 10.2341/18-198-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of pretreated monolithic zirconia surfaces bonded to human dentin following immediate dentin sealing (IDS) using two different self-adhesive resin luting agents.
Methods and Materials:
Sixty intact human third molars were collected, stored, sectioned appropriately, and molded according to ISO 29022:2013, resulting in 120 dentin specimens. Ceramic cylindrical specimens were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and sintered as recommended (final bonding area A=2.56 mm2). Specimens were randomly assigned to eight groups (15≥n≥14) depending on dentin conditioning method (IDS or delayed dentin sealing [DDS]), zirconia surface pretreatment (airborne particle abrasion [APA] with 50 μm Al2O3 particles at 3 bar for 10 seconds or tribochemical silica coating [TBC] with 30 μm CoJet particles at 2.8 bar for 10 seconds), and adhesive luting agent type (Panavia F2.0 [PAN] or PermaCem Dual Smartmix [PER]). Bonded specimens were water-stored (37°C, 24 hours) and subjected to SBS testing (50-kgF load cell, 1 mm/min). Fracture type was evaluated with stereomicroscopy. Data (MPa) were statistically analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (α=0.05).
Results:
All factors significantly affected SBS values (p<0.001). Dentin conditioning method presented the greatest effect. Mean SBS values ranged from 12.603 MPa (PER-APA-DDS) to 40.704 MPa (PER-TBC-IDS). Based on the fracture type, adhesive failures at the luting agent–zirconia interface were the least common.
Conclusion:
Bonding strategies for monolithic zirconia restorations could potentially benefit from IDS, regardless of the adhesive luting agent system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- AE Rigos
- Athanasios E Rigos, Doctor of Dental Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Dandoulaki
- Chrysoula Dandoulaki, DDS, Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Kontonasaki
- Eleana Kontonasaki, DDS, MSc, PhD, Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Kokoti
- Maria Kokoti, DDS, PhD, Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Papadopoulou
- Lambrini Papadopoulou, BSc, MSc, PhD, Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Koidis
- Petros Koidis, DDS, MS, PhD, Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Prosthodontics, Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Martins SB, Trindade FZ, Góes MDS, Adabo GL, Dovigo LN, Fonseca RG. Does airborne-particle abrasion before, rather than after, zirconia sintering lead to higher mechanical strength even under aging challenge? J Prosthet Dent 2019; 123:155-162. [PMID: 31027954 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information concerning the effect of airborne-particle abrasion before zirconia sintering on its strength after aging is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of airborne-particle abrasion moment (before or after zirconia sintering), particle size, and aging on the mechanical strength of a yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hundred presintered zirconia disks were allocated to nonabraded (control) and abraded groups with 50 μm or 120 μm Al2O3 particles before (50/BS or 120/BS) or after sintering (50/AS or 120/AS). The disks were aged by storing them in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 °C (24 h) (control); mechanical cycling (MC) (1×106 cycles; 2 Hz; 100 N); hydrothermal aging (HA) (134 °C; 0.2 MPa; 20 hours); or by both methods (MC+HA), totaling 20 groups (n=20). The specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength (BFS) testing. Fractographic analysis was performed to identify the fracture origin. Tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was determined by X-ray diffraction. The BFS data (MPa) were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=.05). Weibull statistics was also applied. RESULTS The BFS and characteristic strength (σ0) of the 120/AS groups were significantly higher compared with the other abraded groups and statistically similar or higher compared with the respective nonabraded groups. In contrast, the 120/BS/24 h and all the 50/BS groups presented the lowest values. In all groups, the initial defect had its origin on the tensile stress side. Neither airborne-particle abrasion nor aging (except for the 50/AS/MC+HA) reduced the zirconia reliability compared with the respective controls. Abrading the zirconia in its presintered stage or after sintering increased the monoclinic phase content, and the sintering process eliminated this phase. CONCLUSIONS Airborne-particle abrasion before zirconia sintering yields an inferior performance compared with that after sintering under aging challenges. The BFS and σ0 were strongly determined by the particle size and airborne-particle abrasion moment, while aging mainly acted in the nonabraded zirconia or when this material was abraded before sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Branco Martins
- Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Flávia Zardo Trindade
- Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Sousa Góes
- Associate Professor, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Gelson Luis Adabo
- Full Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Social Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Abdullah AO, Hui Y, Sun X, Pollington S, Muhammed FK, Liu Y. Effects of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic materials to zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:65-74. [PMID: 30847051 PMCID: PMC6400704 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the effect of different materials and techniques on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic materials to zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 136 sintered zirconia cubes were prepared and randomly divided into four study groups according to corresponding methods of surface treatment and materials: GLN (grinding followed by laser scanning using Noritake Cerabien ZR), SLN (sandblasting followed by laser scanning using Noritake Cerabien ZR), GLV (grinding followed by laser scanning using VITA VM 9), and SLV (sandblasting followed by laser scanning using VITA VM 9). Spraying technique was performed to coat the core. Profilometer, SEM, XRD, EDS, universal testing machine, and stereomicroscope were used to record surface roughness Ra, surface morphology, phase transformation, elemental compositions, shear bond strength SBS values, and failure types, respectively. Specimens were investigated in unaged (not immersed in artificial saliva) and aged (stored in artificial saliva for a month) conditions to evaluate SBS values. RESULTS Grinding and GLN as first and second surface treatments provided satisfactory Ra values in both conditions (1.05 ± 0.24 µm, 1.30 ± 0.21 µm) compared to sandblasting and other groups (P<.05). The group GLN showed the highest SBS values in both conditions (30.97 ± 3.12 MPa, 29.09 ± 4.17 MPa), while group SLV recorded the lowest (23.96 ± 3.60 MPa, 22.95 ± 3.68 Mpa) (P<.05). Sandblasting showed phase transformation from t-m. Mixed failure type was the commonest among all groups. CONCLUSION GLN showed to be a reliable method which provided satisfactory bond strength between the veneer ceramic and zirconia. This method might preserve the integrity of fixed dental crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Othman Abdullah
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yu Hui
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xudong Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Sarah Pollington
- School of Clinical Dentistry, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fenik Kaml Muhammed
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Okutan Y, Yucel MT, Gezer T, Donmez MB. Effect of airborne particle abrasion and sintering order on the surface roughness and shear bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and resin cement. Dent Mater J 2018; 38:241-249. [PMID: 30541993 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic after airborne particle abrasion at different pressures and particle sizes, pre- and post-sintering. Ninety specimens, prepared from Y-TZP ceramic blocks (Vita In-Ceram YZ, Vita Zahnfabrik), were divided into nine subgroups: control, and 50 and 110 µm Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion at 3 and 4 bar pressure, before and after sintering, respectively. According to the sintering order, before and after surface treatments, Ra values were measured using a profilometer. SBS to Y-TZP was assessed after thermocycling, using self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X U200, 3M ESPE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were performed on one specimen per group. All surface-treated samples were rougher than the controls. ABS50-4 (50 µm Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion at 4 bar pressure before sintering), ABS110-3, and ABS110-4 showed the highest Ra values, among all cohorts. The controls displayed lower SBS values than the treated groups (p<0.05), which had statistically similar results to each other. Airborne particle abrasion of pre-sintered Y-TZP, followed by sintering, increased the tetragonal structure contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Okutan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University
| | - Munir Tolga Yucel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University
| | - Tugce Gezer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University
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Effect of grinding on subsurface modifications of pre-sintered zirconia under different cooling and lubrication conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Abrasive Surface Treatment before and after Zirconia Sintering on Its Structural Composition and Bond Strength with Resin Cement. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1803425. [PMID: 29992135 PMCID: PMC5994317 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1803425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of air abrasion before and after sintering with different particle type, shape, and size on the surface morphology, monoclinic phase transformation, and bond strength between resin cement and zirconia surface using primer containing silane and MDP. Airborne particle abrasion (APA) was performed on zirconia before and after sintering with different particle shape and size (50 μm Al2O3 and 25 μm silica powder). 120 square shaped presintered zirconia samples (Amann Girrbach) were prepared (3 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000. Samples were divided into 6 groups according to surface treatment-group A: (control) no surface treatment; group B: APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering (BS); group C: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering (AS); group D: APA25 μm silica powder (BS); group E: APA25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 3.5 bar; and group F: APA 25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 4 bar. Samples were analyzed using XRD, AFM, and SEM. The samples were submitted to shear bond strength (SBS) test. A dual cure resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) and primer (Scotchbond Universal) were used. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test (α ≥ 0.05). APA in group B significantly increased the surface roughness when compared to all other groups. A significant monoclinic phase transformation (t-m) value was observed in groups C and F and a reverse transformation occurred in presintered groups. The SBS value of group A was 11.58 ± 1.43 and the highest significant shear bond strength value was for groups B (15.86 ± 1.92) and C (17.59 ± 2.21 MPa) with no significant difference between them. Conclusions. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering and the application of primer containing MDP seem to be valuable methods for durable bonding with zirconia. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering induced the highest (t-m) phase transformation.
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Ebeid K, Wille S, Salah T, Wahsh M, Zohdy M, Kern M. Evaluation of surface treatments of monolithic zirconia in different sintering stages. J Prosthodont Res 2018; 62:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Aktore H. Effect of the application of surface treatments before and after sintering on the flexural strength, phase transformation and surface topography of zirconia. J Dent 2018; 72:29-38. [PMID: 29501794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of airborne-particle abrasion (APA) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on 4-point-flexural strength, phase transformation and morphologic changes of zirconia ceramics treated at pre-sintered or post-sintered stage. METHODS Three hundred and forty-two bar shaped zirconia specimens were milled with different sizes according to the flexural strength test (n = 10), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (n = 4) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (n = 4) analyses. For each test protocol, specimens were divided into 4 main groups whether the surface treatments applied before or after sintering and whether the specimens received heat treatment or not as pre-sintered, post-sintered no-heat and post-sintered heat-treated groups, and a group was served as control. Main groups were further divided into 6 equal subgroups according to surface treatment method applied (2 W-, 3 W-, 4 W-, 5 W-, 6 W-laser irradiations and APA). Surface treatments were applied to pre-sintered groups before sintering and to post-sintered groups after sintering. Post-sintered heat-treated groups were subjected to veneer ceramic firing simulation after surface treatments. Flexural strength and flexural modulus values were statistically analysed and monoclinic phase content was calculated. Weibull analysis was used to evaluate strength reliability and fractographic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Highest flexural strength values were detected at post-sintered no-heat APA and 4W-laser groups (P < 0.05). Pre-sintered groups showed statistically lower flexural strength values. Heat treatment decreased the strength of the specimens. Monoclinic phase content was only detected at post-sintered no-heat groups and the highest amount was detected at APA group. Rougher surfaces and deeper irregularities were detected at FE-SEM images pre-sintered groups. CONCLUSIONS Application of surface treatments at pre-sintered stage may be detrimental for zirconia ceramics in terms of flexural strength. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Treating the surface of zirconia ceramic before sintering process is not recommended due to significant decrease in flexural strength values. 2 W-4 W Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiations can be regarded as alternative surface treatment methods when zirconia restoration would be subjected to veneer ceramic firing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Kurtulmus-Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Near East University Faculty of Dentistry, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Aktore
- Department of Prosthodontics, Near East University Faculty of Dentistry, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey.
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Skienhe H, Habchi R, Ounsi HF, Ferrari M, Salameh Z. Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:156-165. [PMID: 29422464 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on roughness, grain size, and phase transformation of presintered zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface treatments included airborne particle abrasion (APA) before and after sintering with different particles shape, size, and pressure (50 μm Al2O3, 50 μm glass beads, and ceramic powder). Thirty-five square-shaped presin-tered yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic slabs (Zenostar ZR bridge, Wieland) were prepared (4 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with silicon carbide grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000 to ensure identical initial roughness. Specimens were divided into five groups according to surface treatment: group I (control): no surface treatment; group II: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering; group III: APA 50 μm Al2O3 particles before sintering; group IV: APA 50 μm glass bead particles before sintering; and group V: APA ceramic powder before sintering. Specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and tested for shear bond strength (SBS). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc tests for multiple comparisons Tukey's test (a > 0.05). RESULTS Air abrasion before sintering significantly increased the surface roughness when compared with groups I and III. The highest tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) phase transformation (0.07%) was observed in group III, and a reverse transformation was observed in presintered groups (0.01%). Regarding bond strength, there was a significant difference between APA procedures pre- and postsintering. CONCLUSION Air abrasion before sintering is a valuable method for increasing surface roughness and SBS. The abrasive particles' size and type used before sintering had a little effect on phase transformation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Air abrasion before sintering could be supposed to be an alternative surface treatment method to air abrasion after sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Skienhe
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +9613600991, e-mail:
| | - Roland Habchi
- Department of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology. Campus Pierre Gemayel, Fanar, Lebanese University
| | - Hani F Ounsi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ziad Salameh
- Department of Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Martins SB, Abi-Rached FDO, Adabo GL, Baldissara P, Fonseca RG. Influence of Particle and Air-Abrasion Moment on Y-TZP Surface Characterization and Bond Strength. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e271-e278. [PMID: 29235196 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of particle and air-abrasion on the surface characterization and shear bond strength (SBS) of a Y-TZP ceramic with a resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Y-TZP specimens were air-abraded with 50 μm alumina particles; 120 μm alumina particles; 30 μm silica-coated alumina particles (Rocatec Soft); 110 μm silica-coated alumina particles (Rocatec Plus). Air-abrasion was performed before (BS); after (AS); before and after (BAS) zirconia sintering. Surface characterization included roughness (n = 10), wettability (n = 10), morphology (n = 2), and elemental composition (n = 2). For SBS (n = 11), composite resin discs were bonded to the air-abraded and silane-treated zirconia surface, with the resin cement RelyX ARC. Failure mode was determined. Roughness, wettability, and SBS data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with pairwise interaction and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Air-abrasion performed with coarser particles at BS and BAS moments provided the highest roughness values, while the lowest roughness values were observed with particles combined with AS moment (p < 0.01). Rocatec Plus provided lower contact angle than the 120 μm alumina particles (p = 0.013), and BAS exhibited lower contact angle than BS (p = 0.002). The combinations 120 μm/BS and the silica-coated alumina particles/AS and /BAS showed the highest SBS (p < 0.05). The combination of each particle/BAS was statistically similar to the same particle/AS. Failure mode was 100% adhesive for all groups. The interaction particle size/air-abrasion moment determined the morphological pattern. Silicon was observed only in the Rocatec groups. CONCLUSIONS Roughness was influenced by the particle size and was higher when the zirconia was air-abraded in its green stage. The particle composition played an important role in the wettability and both studied air-abrasion moments provided similar wettability than the one in which air-abrasion is usually performed. The highest SBS values were observed in the three moments, by using certain particles for each moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Branco Martins
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gelson Luis Adabo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Baldissara
- Department of Oral Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monaco C, Llukacej A, Baldissara P, Arena A, Scotti R. Zirconia-based versus metal-based single crowns veneered with overpressing ceramic for restoration of posterior endodontically treated teeth: 5-year results of a randomized controlled clinical study. J Dent 2017; 65:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Yin L, Nakanishi Y, Alao AR, Song XF, Abduo J, Zhang Y. A review of engineered zirconia surfaces in biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 65:284-290. [PMID: 29130030 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia is widely used for load-bearing functional structures in medicine and dentistry. The quality of engineered zirconia surfaces determines not only the fracture and fatigue behaviour but also the low temperature degradation (ageing sensitivity), bacterial colonization and bonding strength of zirconia devices. This paper reviews the current manufacturing techniques for fabrication of zirconia surfaces in biomedical applications, particularly, in tooth and joint replacements, and influences of the zirconia surface quality on their functional behaviours. It discusses emerging manufacturing techniques and challenges for fabrication of zirconia surfaces in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Mechanical Engineeirng, College of Science & Engineeirng, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nakanishi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto Univeristy, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Abdur-Rasheed Alao
- Mechanical Engineeirng, College of Science & Engineeirng, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Xiao-Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jaafar Abduo
- Melbourne Dental School, Melbourne University, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 100010, USA
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Candido LM, Fais L, Ferreira EB, Antonio SG, Pinelli L. Characterization of a Diamond Ground Y-TZP and Reversion of the Tetragonal to Monoclinic Transformation. Oper Dent 2017; 42:407-417. [PMID: 28402736 DOI: 10.2341/16-196-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the surface of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramic after diamond grinding in terms of its crystalline phase, morphology, mean roughness (Ra), and wettability as well as to determine a thermal treatment to reverse the resulting tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) transformation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Y-TZP specimens were distributed into different groups according to the actions (or no action) of grinding and irrigation. Grinding was accomplished using a diamond stone at a low speed. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, goniometry, and profilometry. In situ high-temperature XRD was used to determine an annealing temperature to reverse the t-m transformation. Ra was submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (α=0.05). The volume fraction of the monoclinic phase and contact angle were submitted to one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS Monoclinic zirconia was observed on the surface of samples after dry and wet grinding with a diamond stone. The volume fraction of the monoclinic phase was smaller on the dry ground samples (3.6%±0.3%) than on the wet ground samples (5.6%±0.3%). High-temperature XRD showed reversion of the t-m phase transformation, which started at 700°C and completed at 800°C in a conventional oven. CONCLUSIONS Grinding with a diamond stone partially transformed the crystalline phase on the surface of a Y-TZP ceramic from tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia while simultaneously increasing the surface roughness and wettability. The t-m transformation could be reversed by heat treatment at 800°C or 900°C for 60 minutes or 1000°C for 30 minutes.
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Tostes BO, Guimarães RB, Noronha-Filho JD, Botelho GDS, Guimarães JGA, Silva EMD. Characterization of Conventional and High-Translucency Y-TZP Dental Ceramics Submitted to Air Abrasion. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:97-104. [PMID: 28301026 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of air-abrasion on t®m phase transformation, roughness, topography and the elemental composition of three Y-TZP (Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) dental ceramics: two conventional (Lava Frame and IPS ZirCad) and one with high-translucency (Lava Plus). Plates obtained from sintered blocks of each ceramic were divided into four groups: AS (as-sintered); 30 (air-abrasion with 30 mm Si-coated Al2O3 particles); 50 (air-abrasion with 50 mm Al2O3 particles) and 150 (air-abrasion with 150 mm Al2O3 particles). After the treatments, the plates were submitted to X-ray diffractometry; 3-D profilometry and SEM/EDS. The AS surfaces were composed of Zr and t phases. All treatments produced t®m phase transformation in the ceramics. The diameter of air-abrasion particles influenced the roughness (150>50>30>AS) and the topography. SEM analysis showed that the three treatments produced groove-shaped microretentions on the ceramic surfaces, which increased with the diameter of air-abrasion particles. EDS showed a decrease in Zr content along with the emergence of O and Al elements after air-abrasion. Presence of Si was also detected on the plates air-abraded with 30 mm Si-coated Al2O3 particles. It was concluded that irrespective of the type and diameter of the particles, air-abrasion produced t®m phase transformation, increased the roughness and changed the elemental composition of the three Y-TZP dental ceramics. Lava Plus also behaved similarly to the conventional Y-TZP ceramics, indicating that this high translucency ceramic could be more suitable to build monolithic ceramic restorations in the aesthetic restorative dentistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhenya Ottoni Tostes
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Dental School, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime Dutra Noronha-Filho
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Dental School, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Glauco Dos Santos Botelho
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Dental School, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Antunes Guimarães
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Dental School, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Dental School, UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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RYAN DPO, FAIS LMG, ANTONIO SG, HATANAKA GR, CANDIDO LM, PINELLI LAP. Y-TZP zirconia regeneration firing: Microstructural and crystallographic changes after grinding. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:447-453. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laiza Maria Grassi FAIS
- Araraquara Dental School, UNESP —Univ Estadual Paulista., Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics
| | - Selma Gutierrez ANTONIO
- Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, UNESP —Univ Estadual Paulista., Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues HATANAKA
- Araraquara Dental School, UNESP —Univ Estadual Paulista., Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics
| | - Lucas Miguel CANDIDO
- Araraquara Dental School, UNESP —Univ Estadual Paulista., Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics
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Al Qahtani WM, Schille C, Spintzyk S, Al Qahtani MS, Engel E, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Rupp F, Scheideler L. Effect of surface modification of zirconia on cell adhesion, metabolic activity and proliferation of human osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:75-87. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTitanium dental implants with sandblasted and/or acid-etched surfaces have shown clinical superiority in comparison to their smooth, machined counterparts, and are now state of the art. Sandblasting of finished, sintered zirconia implants, however, will damage the surface structure and affect the mechanical properties. To improve osseointegration of zirconia dental implants without impairing the original mechanical strength by crack initiation and partial phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic, roughening of the zirconia surface by sandblasting before the final sintering step was employed. Impact of the treatments on cellular reactions of SAOS-2 human osteoblast-like cells was investigated. Sandblasting of Yttrium-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) with 120 μm and 250 μm Al
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Pinto PA, Colas G, Filleter T, De Souza GM. Surface and Mechanical Characterization of Dental Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (3Y-TZP) After Different Aging Processes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1179-1188. [PMID: 27780486 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) is a ceramic material used in indirect dental restorations. However, phase transformation at body temperature may compromise the material's mechanical properties, affecting the clinical performance of the restoration. The effect of mastication on 3Y-TZP aging has not been investigated. 3Y-TZP specimens (IPS E-max ZirCAD and Z5) were aged in three different modes (n=13): no aging (control), hydrothermal aging (HA), or chewing simulation (CS). Mechanical properties and surface topography were analyzed. Analysis of variance showed that neither aging protocol (p=0.692) nor material (p=0.283) or the interaction between them (p=0.216) had a significant effect on flexural strength, values ranged from 928.8 MPa (IPSHA) to 1,080.6 MPa (Z5HA). Nanoindentation analysis showed that material, aging protocol, and the interaction between them had a significant effect (p<0.001) on surface hardness and reduced Young's modulus. The compositional analysis revealed similar yttrium content for all the experimental conditions (aging: p=0.997; material: p=0.248; interaction material×aging: p=0.720). Atomic force microscopy showed an effect of aging protocols on phase transformation, with samples submitted to CS exhibiting features compatible with maximized phase transformation, such as increased volume of the material microstructure at the surface leading to an increase in surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palena A Pinto
- 1Faculty of Dentistry,University of Toronto,Edward Street #352E,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5G 1G6
| | - Guillaume Colas
- 2Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,University of Toronto,5 King's College Road #MB115,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5S 3G8
| | - Tobin Filleter
- 2Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,University of Toronto,5 King's College Road #MB115,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5S 3G8
| | - Grace M De Souza
- 1Faculty of Dentistry,University of Toronto,Edward Street #352E,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5G 1G6
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Alao AR, Stoll R, Song XF, Miyazaki T, Hotta Y, Shibata Y, Yin L. Surface quality of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal in CAD/CAM milling, sintering, polishing and sandblasting processes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 65:102-116. [PMID: 27569758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied the surface quality (damage, morphology, and phase transformation) of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) in CAD/CAM milling, and subsequent polishing, sintering and sandblasting processes applied in dental restorations. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to scan all processed surfaces to determine phase transformations and analyse surface damage morphology, respectively. The average surface roughness (Ra) and maximum roughness (Rz) for all processed surfaces were measured using desk-top SEM-assisted morphology analytical software. X-ray diffraction patterns prove the sintering-induced monoclinic-tetragonal phase transformation while the sandblasting-induced phase transformation was not detected. The CAD/CAM milling of pre-sintered Y-TZP produced very rough surfaces with extensive fractures and cracks. Simply polishing or sintering of milled pre-sintered surfaces did not significantly improve their surface roughness (ANOVA, p>0.05). Neither sintering-polishing of the milled surfaces could effectively improve the surface roughness (ANOVA, p>0.05). The best surface morphology was produced in the milling-polishing-sintering process, achieving Ra=0.21±0.03µm and Rz=1.73±0.04µm, which meets the threshold for bacterial retention. Sandblasting of intaglios with smaller abrasives was recommended as larger abrasive produced visible surface defects. This study provides technical insights into process selection for Y-TZP to achieve the improved restorative quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur-Rasheed Alao
- Mechanical Engineering, College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Richard Stoll
- Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Xiao-Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Takashi Miyazaki
- Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hotta
- Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yo Shibata
- Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ling Yin
- Mechanical Engineering, College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Aurélio IL, Marchionatti AME, Montagner AF, May LG, Soares FZ. Does air particle abrasion affect the flexural strength and phase transformation of Y-TZP? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2016; 32:827-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tzanakakis EGC, Tzoutzas IG, Koidis PT. Is there a potential for durable adhesion to zirconia restorations? A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 115:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bankoğlu Güngör M, Yılmaz H, Karakoca Nemli S, Turhan Bal B, Aydın C. Effect of surface treatments on the biaxial flexural strength, phase transformation, and surface roughness of bilayered porcelain/zirconia dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 113:585-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vichi A, Sedda M, Bonadeo G, Bosco M, Barbiera A, Tsintsadze N, Carrabba M, Ferrari M. Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia. Dent Mater 2015; 31:e151-6. [PMID: 26008238 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chipping and/or delamination represent a clinical failure of porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ) prostheses. Causes and solutions have not been completely clarified. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of number of firings on the flexural strength of PFZ specimen. METHODS Forty-five zirconia specimens in shape of bars were cut, sintered and divided in 3 groups (n=15). Group 1: veneering ceramic was layered "in bulk" and fired. Group 2: veneering ceramic was layered in three layers, individually fired. Group 3: veneering ceramic was layered in five layers, individually fired. Each layer thickness was controlled by the use of calibrated molds. The total veneering ceramic thickness for all the specimens was 1.2mm, and the total thickness of the specimen of 2.0mm. Three-point bending test was performed. Fracture load was recorded in Newton and MPa value was calculated taking into account the bi-layered nature of the specimen. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Specimens obtained with on single firing cycle obtained a statistically significant (p<0.001) lower flexural strength (54.61±8.98MPa) than specimens veneered with 3 or 5 firing cycles. The last two obtained very similar results (77.63±13.17MPa and 73.62±12.38MPa respectively) and the differences was not statistically significant. SIGNIFICANCE In bi-layered PFZ specimen, three to five layers and firings determine higher flexural resistance when compared to a single firing. Thus, a 3-layers veneering procedure is recommended to increase flexural resistance. If a 5-layer procedure is necessary to improve esthetics, it does not decrease flexural resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vichi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - M Sedda
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Bonadeo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M Bosco
- Department of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - A Barbiera
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - N Tsintsadze
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M Carrabba
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
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Abi-Rached FO, Martins SB, Almeida-Júnior AA, Adabo GL, Góes MS, Fonseca RG. Air Abrasion Before and/or After Zirconia Sintering: Surface Characterization, Flexural Strength, and Resin Cement Bond Strength. Oper Dent 2015; 40:E66-75. [DOI: 10.2341/14-013-lr1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air-abrasion/zirconia sintering order on the yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) surface characterization (roughness, morphology, and phase transformation), flexural strength (FS), and shear bond strength (SBS) to a resin cement. Y-TZP specimens were air abraded with 50-μm Al2O3 particles after (AS), before (BS), or before and after zirconia sintering (BAS). For roughness (Ra), 30 block specimens (12×12×3.0 mm; n=10) had their surfaces analyzed by a profilometer. Next, on the air-abraded surfaces of these specimens, composite resin discs (n=30) were bonded with RelyX ARC. The bonded specimens were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C before shear testing. Failure mode was determined with a stereomicroscope (20×). The surface morphology (n=2) was evaluated by SEM (500×). For the four-point flexural strength test (EMIC DL2000), 39 bar-shaped specimens (20×4.0×1.2 mm; n=13) were air abraded according to the three conditions proposed, and an additional group (nonabraded) was evaluated (n=13). The quantitative analysis of phase transformation (n=1) was completed with Rietveld refinement with X-ray diffraction data. Ra (μm) and SBS (MPa) data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (α=0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine if there was a correlation between roughness and SBS. For FS (MPa) data, one-way ANOVA and the Dunnett C-test (α=0.05) were used. The air-abrasion/zirconia sintering order influenced significantly (p<0.001) Ra, SBS, and FS. The BS and AS groups presented the highest (1.3 μm) and the lowest (0.7 μm) Ra. The highest SBS (7.0 MPa) was exhibited by the BAS group, followed by the AS group (5.4 MPa) and finally by the BS group (2.6 MPa). All groups presented 100% adhesive failure. A weak correlation (r=−0.45, p<0.05) was found between roughness and SBS. The air-abrasion/zirconia sintering order provided differences in the surface morphology. The nonabraded (926.8 MPa) and BS (816.3 MPa) groups exhibited statistically similar FS values but lower values than the AS (1249.1 MPa) and BAS (1181.4 MPa) groups, with no significant difference between them. The nonabraded, AS, BS, and BAS groups exhibited, respectively, percentages of monoclinic phase of 0.0 wt%, 12.2 wt%, 0.0 wt%, and 8.6 wt%. The rougher surface provided by the air-abrasion before zirconia sintering may have impaired the bonding with the resin cement. The morphological patterns were consistent with the surface roughness. Considering the short-term SBS and FS, the BAS group exhibited the best performance. Air abrasion, regardless of its performance order, provides tetragonal to monoclinic transformation, while sintering tends to zero the monoclinic phase content.
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Affiliation(s)
- FO Abi-Rached
- Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, DDS, MSc, PhD, adjunct professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - SB Martins
- Samira Branco Martins, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - AA Almeida-Júnior
- Antonio Alves de Almeida-Júnior, DDS, MSc, PhD, assistant professor, Tiradentes University – UNIT, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - GL Adabo
- Gelson Luis Adabo, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Sousa Góes
- Marcio Sousa Góes, Lic Chem, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Federal University of Latin American Integration – UNILA, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - RG Fonseca
- Renata Garcia Fonseca, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ferrari M, Vichi A, Zarone F. Zirconia abutments and restorations: From laboratory to clinical investigations. Dent Mater 2015; 31:e63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Subaşı MG, Demir N, Kara Ö, Ozturk AN, Özel F. Mechanical properties of zirconia after different surface treatments and repeated firings. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:462-7. [PMID: 25551006 PMCID: PMC4279044 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.6.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the influence of surface conditioning procedures and repeated firings on monoclinic content and strength of zirconia before cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sintered bar-shaped zirconia specimens were subjected to no surface treatment (control), air abrasion, or grinding (n=21). Their roughness was evaluated using a profilometer, and microscope analysis was performed on one specimen of each group. Then, 2 or 10 repeated firings (n=10) were executed, the monoclinic content of specimens was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and a three-point flexural strength test was performed. Surface roughness values were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests, the monoclinic content values were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the flexural strength values were tested using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P=.05). Spearman's correlation test was performed to define relationships among measured parameters. RESULTS Surface-treated specimens were rougher than untreated specimens and had a higher monoclinic content (P<.005), and the relationship between roughness and monoclinic content was significant (P<.000). Neither surface treatment nor firing significantly affected the flexural strength, but Weibull analysis showed that for the air-abraded samples the characteristic strength was significantly lower after the 10(th) firing than after the 2(nd) firing. CONCLUSION After firing, a negligible amount of monoclinic content remained on the zirconia surfaces, and rougher surfaces had higher monoclinic contents than untreated surfaces. Multiple firings could be performed if necessary, but the fracture probability could increase after multiple firings for rougher surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Gülce Subaşı
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necla Demir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kara
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Nilgun Ozturk
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Faruk Özel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Monaco C, Tucci A, Esposito L, Scotti R. Adhesion mechanisms at the interface between Y-TZP and veneering ceramic with and without modifier. J Dent 2014; 42:1473-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abi-Rached FO, Martins SB, Campos JA, Fonseca RG. Evaluation of roughness, wettability, and morphology of an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic after different airborne-particle abrasion protocols. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:1385-91. [PMID: 25258266 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Airborne-particle abrasion is an effective method of roughening a zirconia surface and promoting micromechanical interlocks with luting cements. However, the effect of different airborne-particle abrasion protocols on the micromechanical retention mechanism has been poorly investigated. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of airborne-particle abrasion protocols on the surface roughness, wettability, and morphology of an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 140 zirconia specimens (14 × 14 × 1.4 mm) were made from Lava and divided into 7 groups. Their surfaces were treated as follows (n = 20): as-sintered (control); airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm Al2O3 particles; 120-μm Al2O3 particles; 250-μm Al2O3 particles; 30-μm silica-coated Al2O3 particles (Rocatec Soft); 110-μm silica-coated Al2O3 particles (Rocatec Plus); and 120-μm Al2O3 particles followed by Rocatec Plus. The surface roughness (Ra) and wettability analyses were performed on the same specimens of each group. The test liquid used for the wettability analysis was the silane RelyX Ceramic Primer. Two additional specimens (6.0 × 6.0 × 1.0 mm) per group were prepared to evaluate the surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy. The roughness (Ra) data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and the Dunnett C test (α = .05), and the wettability data with 1-way ANOVA (α = .05). The Spearman correlation analysis was applied to test for a possible correlation between roughness and wettability. RESULTS The control group (0.35 μm) exhibited the lowest mean roughness value (Ra), which was followed by Rocatec Soft (0.40 μm), 50-μm Al2O3 particles (0.52 μm), Rocatec Plus (0.69 μm), 120-μm Al2O3 particles (0.80 μm)/120-μm Al2O3 particles + Rocatec Plus (0.79 μm), and 250-μm Al2O3 particles (1.13 μm). No significant difference was found among the groups concerning wettability. No correlation (rs = -0.09; P = .27) was found between the 2 dependent variables. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the different airborne-particle abrasion protocols produced differences in the morphologic patterns. CONCLUSIONS Although roughness and morphology of the zirconia surface varied according to the airborne-particle abrasion protocol, no close relationship was found between them. The roughness increase seemed to have followed the size of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Oliveira Abi-Rached
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Branco Martins
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares Campos
- Associate Professor, Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nano-scale mechanical properties and behavior of pre-sintered zirconia. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 36:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ferrari M, Giovannetti A, Carrabba M, Bonadeo G, Rengo C, Monticelli F, Vichi A. Fracture resistance of three porcelain-layered CAD/CAM zirconia frame designs. Dent Mater 2014; 30:e163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu D, Pow EH, Tsoi JKH, Matinlinna JP. Evaluation of four surface coating treatments for resin to zirconia bonding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 32:300-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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