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Agurto MG, Carpenter GH, Bozorgi SS, Koller G, Fenlon M, Warburton F, Bruce K, Burke M, Banerjee A. Analysis of the association between salivary proteins and oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing IMRT: a longitudinal study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:630. [PMID: 38811865 PMCID: PMC11134661 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This longitudinal study assessed the association between salivary protein composition and the clinical onset/severity of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with head and neck tumours treated with intensity-modulated-radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS Saliva samples/clinical data were obtained from 40 head and neck cancer patients treated at Guy's Hospital before -IMRT(T0) and after-IMRT (T1 = 6 m, T2 = 12 m) (ethics approval/consent). Salivary flow rate, total protein concentration, and secretion rate were determined from saliva samples and compared with pre-treatment values. OM was assessed, total/specific salivary proteins, including mucin 5B and 7, IgA, cystatin-S, albumin, and α-amylase, were quantified. RESULTS 95% patients experienced OM during IMRT, with 33 subjects reaching grade 2&3. At T1, there was a significant reduction in salivary flow rate, total protein secretion rate, α-amylase and cystatin-S compared to baseline. Remarkably IMRT did not significantly alter mucin 5B and 7, or the IgA secretion rate at any time point. At T1, all the analyzed proteins were associated with the OM outcomes. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between IgA concentration at T0 and the severity of OM during IMRT. CONCLUSION This study revealed significant associations between several salivary proteins and OM in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing IMRT. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study contributes to the understanding of certain salivary proteins association with OM. This could be the first step towards identifying potential salivary markers that could offer perspectives for personalized medicine approaches to improve their quality of life (QoL). RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between salivary proteins and the occurrence and severity of OM in head and neck cancer patients? AIM To assess the association between salivary protein composition with the clinical onset/severity of oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy. NULL HYPOTHESIS There is no association between salivary proteins and onset/severity of OM in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy H Carpenter
- Faculty of Dental, Salivary Research, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie S Bozorgi
- Faculty of Dental, Salivary Research, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Garrit Koller
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Fenlon
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 22, London, UK
| | - Fiona Warburton
- Faculty of Dental, Oral Clinical Research Unit, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Bruce
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Burke
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Centre of Oral Clinical Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Conservative & MI Dentistry, London, UK
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Ye J, Zhang F, Luo Z, Ou X. Comparative salivary proteomics analysis of children with and without early childhood caries using the DIA approach: A pilot study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024:e2400006. [PMID: 38769866 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the saliva of Early childhood caries (ECC) with different degrees of severity. METHODS The proteomic profiles of salivary of children with ECC of varying severity by data independent acquisition data independent acquisition (DIA) technique. A total of 12 preschool children aged 3-5 years were included in this study. RESULTS In this study, a total of 15,083 peptides and 1944 proteins were quantified; The results of DEPs screening showed that 34 DEPs were identified between the group H and the group LC, including 18 up-regulated proteins and 16 down-regulated proteins; 34 DEPs were screened between the group H and the group HC, including 17 up-regulated proteins and 17 down-regulated proteins; 42 DEPs were screened between the group LC and the group HC, including 18 up-regulated proteins and 24 down-regulated proteins. Among these DEPs, we screened several key proteins that may play a role in ECC, such as MK, histone H4, TGFβ3, ZG16B, MUC20, and SMR-3B. CONCLUSION Salivary proteins, as important host factors of caries, are differentially expressed between the saliva of ECC children and healthy children. Specific DEPs are expected to become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Ye
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouyuan Luo
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Araujo TT, Dionizio A, Carvalho TS, Boas Feitosa CMV, Vertuan M, Câmara JVF, Henrique-Silva F, Marchetto R, Chiaratti MR, Santos AC, Alves LO, Ferro M, Buzalaf MAR. Acquired enamel pellicle and biofilm engineering with a combination of acid-resistant proteins (CaneCPI-5, StN15, and Hemoglobin) for enhanced protection against dental caries - in vivo and in vitro investigations. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:261. [PMID: 38642171 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed in two-legs. In the in vivo, we explored the potential of a rinse solution containing a combination (Comb) of 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (sugarcane-derive cystatin), 1.88 × 10- 5M StN15 (statherin-derived peptide) and 1.0 mg/mL hemoglobin (Hb) to change the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle(AEP) and the microbiome of the enamel biofilm. The in vitro, was designed to reveal the effects of Comb on the viability and bacterial composition of the microcosm biofilm, as well as on enamel demineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo study, 10 participants rinsed (10mL,1 min) with either deionized water (H2O-control) or Comb. AEP and biofilm were collected after 2 and 3 h, respectively, after rinsing. AEP samples underwent proteomics analysis, while biofilm microbiome was assessed via 16 S-rRNA Next Generation Sequencing(NGS). In vitro study, a microcosm biofilm protocol was employed. Ninety-six enamel specimens were treated with: 1)Phosphate-Buffered Solution-PBS(negative-control), 2)0.12%Chlorhexidine, 3)500ppmNaF and 4)Comb. Resazurin, colony-forming-units(CFU) and Transversal Microradiography(TMR) were performed. RESULTS The proteomic results revealed higher quantity of proteins in the Comb compared to control associated with immune system response and oral microbial adhesion. Microbiome showed a significant increase in bacteria linked to a healthy microbiota, in the Comb group. In the in vitro study, Comb group was only efficient in reducing mineral-loss and lesion-depth compared to the PBS. CONCLUSIONS The AEP modification altered the subsequent layers, affecting the initial process of bacterial adhesion of pathogenic and commensal bacteria, as well as enamel demineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Comb group shows promise in shaping oral health by potentially introducing innovative approaches to prevent enamel demineralization and deter tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Souza Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Chelsea Maria Vilas Boas Feitosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - João Victor Frazão Câmara
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Angélica Camargo Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lindomar Oliveira Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Milene Ferro
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Paulista State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13500230, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil.
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Polyakova M, Egiazaryan A, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Malashin A, Babina K, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38668005 PMCID: PMC11049306 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft drinks may have a deleterious effect on dental health due to a high titratable acidity and a low pH that could be sufficient to induce tooth demineralization. The use of oral care products immediately after acidic challenge may diminish the erosive potential of soft drinks. We assessed the effect of oral care foams and a spray on salivary pH changes after exposure to Coca-Cola® in young adults. Thirty-three consenting eligible patients were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study performed in six visits. Baseline examination included unstimulated salivary flow rate, stimulated salivary buffer capacity, and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) assessment. Salivary pH and time for pH recovery were registered after exposure to Coca-Cola® alone or that followed by the application of each of the studied products (an oral foam containing hydroxyapatite and probiotics, an oral foam containing amino fluoride, an alkaline oral spray, and tap water). Thirty-two patients completed the entire study protocol and were included in the final analysis. The mean minimum salivary pH and the mean oral clearance rate after rinsing with Coca-Cola® were 6.3 and 27 min, respectively. Further rinsing with any one of the tested solutions, including tap water, resulted in a significant improvement in these parameters. When the pH curves were plotted, the oral care products demonstrated a lower area under the curve that differed significantly from the area under the curve for Coca-Cola®; tap water did not differ significantly from Coca-Cola® and oral care products. Minimum salivary pH correlated positively with salivary buffer capacity and salivation rate, while salivary clearance correlated with OHI-S plaque scores. In conclusion, the effect of oral care foams and a spray on minimum salivary pH and salivary clearance after exposure to Coca-Cola® did not differ significantly among the tested products and tap water. Trial registration NCT06148662. Funding: none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Anna Egiazaryan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
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Chepchumba B, Asudi GO, Katana J, Ngayo MO, Khayeli JA. Isolation of phages against Streptococcus species in the oral cavity for potential control of dental diseases and associated systemic complications. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:175. [PMID: 38493441 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dental infections and systemic complications caused by Streptococcus species in the oral cavity are increasingly exhibiting resistance to commonly used antibiotics, posing a potential threat to global public health. Phage therapy may offer a superior alternative, given that bacteriophages can be easily isolated and rapidly replicate in large numbers. In this study, six Streptococcus species from the oral cavity were characterized. Bacteriophages isolated from wastewater using five of these species as hosts produced plaques ranging from 0.2 to 2.4 mm in size. The phages demonstrated stability within a temperature range of 4 ℃ to 37 ℃. However, at temperatures exceeding 45 ℃, a noticeable reduction in bacteriophage titer was observed. Similarly, the phages showed greater stability within a pH range of 5 to 10. The isolated phages exhibited latency periods ranging from 15 to 20 min and had burst sizes varying from 10 to 200 viral particles. This study supports the potential use of bacteriophages in controlling infections caused by Streptococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Chepchumba
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - George O Asudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Japhet Katana
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Musa O Ngayo
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Xi Y, Yu M, Li X, Zeng X, Li J. The coming future: The role of the oral-microbiota-brain axis in aroma release and perception. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13303. [PMID: 38343293 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The field of aroma release and perception during the oral process has been well studied. However, the traditional approaches have not fully explored the integration of oral biology, microbiology, and neurology to further understand aroma release and perception mechanisms. Herein, to address the existing challenges in this field, we introduce the oral-microbiota-brain axis (OMBA), an innovative framework that encapsulates the interactive relationships among saliva and the oral mucosa, the oral microbiota, and the brain in aroma release and perception. This review introduces the OMBA and highlights its role as a key interface facilitating the sensory experience of aroma. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, the specific roles of the oral mucosa, oral microbiota, saliva, and brain in the OMBA are discussed. This integrated approach reveals the importance of each component and the interconnected relationships within this axis in the overall process of aroma release and perception. Saliva and the oral mucosa play fundamental roles in aroma release and perception; the oral microbiota regulates aroma release and impacts olfactory perception; and the brain's intricate neural circuitry is central to the decoding and interpretation of aroma signals. The components of this axis are interdependent, and imbalances can disrupt aroma perception. The OMBA framework not only enhances our comprehension of aroma release and perception but also paves the way for innovative applications that could heighten sensory experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Yu
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangquan Zeng
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Zhang JS, Huang S, Chen Z, Chu CH, Takahashi N, Yu OY. Application of omics technologies in cariology research: A critical review with bibliometric analysis. J Dent 2024; 141:104801. [PMID: 38097035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the application of omics technologies in the field of cariology research and provide critical insights into the emerging opportunities and challenges. DATA & SOURCES Publications on the application of omics technologies in cariology research up to December 2022 were sourced from online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Two independent reviewers assessed the relevance of the publications to the objective of this review. STUDY SELECTION Studies that employed omics technologies to investigate dental caries were selected from the initial pool of identified publications. A total of 922 publications with one or more omics technologies adopted were included for comprehensive bibliographic analysis. (Meta)genomics (676/922, 73 %) is the predominant omics technology applied for cariology research in the included studies. Other applied omics technologies are metabolomics (108/922, 12 %), proteomics (105/922, 11 %), and transcriptomics (76/922, 8 %). CONCLUSION This study identified an emerging trend in the application of multiple omics technologies in cariology research. Omics technologies possess significant potential in developing strategies for the detection, staging evaluation, risk assessment, prevention, and management of dental caries. Despite the numerous challenges that lie ahead, the integration of multi-omics data obtained from individual biological samples, in conjunction with artificial intelligence technology, may offer potential avenues for further exploration in caries research. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This review presented a comprehensive overview of the application of omics technologies in cariology research and discussed the advantages and challenges of using these methods to detect, assess, predict, prevent, and treat dental caries. It contributes to steering research for improved understanding of dental caries and advancing clinical translation of cariology research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Johansson AK, Omar R, Lehmann S, Sannevik J, Mastrovito B, Johansson A. General and orofacial symptoms associated with acute and long COVID in 80- and 90-year-old Swedish COVID-19 survivors. J Dent 2024; 141:104824. [PMID: 38145803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe acute and long COVID-19 symptoms among older elderly Swedes and to find predictive factors for the development symptoms associated with acute and long COVID. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire about general and oral health was mailed to all 80-year-olds (born 1942, n = 6299) and 90-year-olds (born 1932, n = 1904) in two Swedish counties. Participants reporting COVID-19 were asked to complete an additional questionnaire. RESULTS Overall response rate was 66 % (n = 5375). Affirmative responses to having been sick/tested positive for COVID-19 were reported by 577 persons. Response rate to the COVID-19 questionnaire was 49 %. The majority (88 %) reported some general symptoms during the acute stage while 44 % reported orofacial symptom/s. Reporting of any form of long-COVID general symptoms was 37 and 35 % for orofacial symptoms. Predictive factors for contracting COVID-19 (based on self-report from 2017) were living in elderly housing/senior care facility (OR 1.6, CI 1.0-2.3), large number (>10) of weekly social contacts (OR 1.5, CI 1.3-1.9), being married (OR 1.4, CI 1.1-1.7) and high school/university education (OR 1.3 CI 1.1-1-6). The highest odds ratio for general symptoms of long-COVID were a single complete denture (OR 5.0, CI 2.0-12.3), reporting bad breath (OR 3.7, CI 1.9-7.2) and daytime dry mouth (OR 2.2, CI 1.1-4.2). Regarding long-COVID orofacial symptoms, the highest risk factors were bad breath (OR 3.8, CI 1.9-7.5) and a single complete denture in one jaw (OR 3.4, CI 1.2-9.8). CONCLUSION Long-COVID general and orofacial symptoms are common among older elderly COVID-19 survivors CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Oral microorganisms may be responsible for development of long-COVID symptoms. Health personnel managing COVID-19 patients should carefully examine dental status, especially in those having acrylic-based removable dentures, for oral signs and symptoms. If found, rigorous oral hygiene procedures should be carried out including cleaning/disinfection of the denture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, Bergen 5009, Norway.
| | - Ridwaan Omar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sverre Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Berit Mastrovito
- Dental Commissioning Unit, Östergötland County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Brodzikowska A, Kochańska B, Bogusławska-Kapała A, Strużycka I, Górski B, Miskiewicz A. Assessment of the Salivary Concentrations of Selected Immunological Components in Adult Patients in the Late Period after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation-A Translational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1457. [PMID: 38338734 PMCID: PMC10855433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) The aim of the study was to analyze the salivary concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and sIgA antibodies in adult patients in the late period after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). The relationship between these concentrations and the salivary secretion rate and the time elapsed after alloHSCT was investigated. The relationship between the concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and sIgA and the titer of the cariogenic bacteria S. mutans and L. acidophilus was assessed. (2) The study included 54 individuals, aged 19 to 67 (SD = 40.06 ± 11.82; Me = 39.5), who were 3 to 96 months after alloHSCT. The concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and sIgA were assessed in mixed whole resting saliva (WRS) and mixed whole stimulated saliva (WSS). (3) The majority of patients had very low or low concentrations of the studied salivary components (WRS-lysozyme: 52, lactoferrin: 36, sIgA: 49 patients; WSS-lysozyme: 51, lactoferrin: 25, sIgA: 51 patients). The levels of lactoferrin in both WRS and WSS were statistically significantly higher in the alloHSCT group than in the control group (CG) (alloHSCT patients-WRS: M = 40.18 μg/mL; WSS: M = 27.33 μg/mL; CG-WRS: M = 17.58 μg/mL; WSS: 10.69 μg/mL). No statistically significant correlations were observed between lysozyme, lactoferrin, and sIgA concentrations and the time after alloHSCT. In the group of patients after alloHSCT a negative correlation was found between the resting salivary flow rate and the concentration of lactoferrin and sIgA. The stimulated salivary flow rate correlated negatively with lactoferrin and sIgA concentrations. Additionally, the number of S. mutans colonies correlated positively with the concentration of lysozyme and sIgA. (4) The concentrations of non-specific and specific immunological factors in the saliva of patients after alloHSCT may differ when compared to healthy adults; however, the abovementioned differences did not change with the time after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Brodzikowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Kochańska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Izabela Strużycka
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (I.S.)
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (B.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrzej Miskiewicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (B.G.); (A.M.)
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Bulthuis MS, van Gennip LLA, Thomas RZ, Bronkhorst EM, Laheij AMGA, Raber-Durlacher JE, Rozema FR, Brennan MT, von Bültzingslöwen I, Blijlevens NMA, Huysmans MCDNJM, van Leeuwen SJM. The effect of conditioning regimen and prescribed medications on hyposalivation in haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients: an 18-month prospective longitudinal study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7369-7381. [PMID: 37853264 PMCID: PMC10713764 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) preceded by a conditioning regimen is an established treatment option for (non)malignant haematologic disorders. We aim to describe the development of hyposalivation over time in HCT recipients, and determine risk indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-centre prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva was collected before HCT, early post-HCT, and after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The effect of type of transplantation (allogeneic vs autologous) and intensity (full vs reduced) of the conditioning regimen on hyposalivation (UWS < 0.2 mL/min; SWS < 0.7 mL/min) was explored. RESULTS A total of 125 HCT recipients were included. More than half of the patients had hyposalivation early post-HCT; a quarter still had hyposalivation after 12 months. The conditioning intensity was a risk indicator in the development of hyposalivation of both UWS (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-10.6) and SWS (OR: 8.2, 95% CI: 2.9-24.6). After 3 and 12 months, this effect was not statistically significant anymore. CONCLUSIONS Hyposalivation affects the majority of patients early post-HCT. The conditioning intensity and the type of transplantation were significant risk indicators in the development of hyposalivation. The number of prescribed medications, total body irradiation as part of the conditioning regimen and oral mucosal graft-versus-host disease did not influence hyposalivation significantly. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Because of the high prevalence of hyposalivation, HCT recipients will have an increased risk of oral complications. It might be reasonable to plan additional check-ups in the dental practice and consider additional preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein S Bulthuis
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lucky L A van Gennip
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Z Thomas
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewald M Bronkhorst
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexa M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik R Rozema
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Inger von Bültzingslöwen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicole M A Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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di Cologna NDM, Andresen S, Samaddar S, Archer-Hartmann S, Rogers AM, Kajfasz JK, Ganguly T, Garcia BA, Saengpet I, Peterson AM, Azadi P, Szymanski CM, Lemos JA, Abranches J. Post-translational modification by the Pgf glycosylation machinery modulates Streptococcus mutans OMZ175 physiology and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2023:10.1111/mmi.15190. [PMID: 37972006 PMCID: PMC11096274 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is commonly associated with dental caries and the ability to form biofilms is essential for its pathogenicity. We recently identified the Pgf glycosylation machinery of S. mutans, responsible for the post-translational modification of the surface-associated adhesins Cnm and WapA. Since the four-gene pgf operon (pgfS-pgfM1-pgfE-pgfM2) is part of the S. mutans core genome, we hypothesized that the scope of the Pgf system goes beyond Cnm and WapA glycosylation. In silico analyses and tunicamycin sensitivity assays suggested a functional overlap between the Pgf machinery and the rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide synthesis pathway. Phenotypic characterization of pgf mutants (ΔpgfS, ΔpgfE, ΔpgfM1, ΔpgfM2, and Δpgf) revealed that the Pgf system is important for biofilm formation, surface charge, membrane stability, and survival in human saliva. Moreover, deletion of the entire pgf operon (Δpgf strain) resulted in significantly impaired colonization in a rat oral colonization model. Using Cnm as a model, we showed that Cnm is heavily modified with N-acetyl hexosamines but it becomes heavily phosphorylated with the inactivation of the PgfS glycosyltransferase, suggesting a crosstalk between these two post-translational modification mechanisms. Our results revealed that the Pgf machinery contributes to multiple aspects of S. mutans pathobiology that may go beyond Cnm and WapA glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Andresen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ashley Marie Rogers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jessica K. Kajfasz
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tridib Ganguly
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bruna A. Garcia
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irene Saengpet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Peterson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - José A. Lemos
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Abranches
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Takahashi K, Nango H, Ushijima M, Takashima M, Nakamoto M, Matsutomo T, Jikihara H, Arakawa N, Maki S, Yabuki A, Endo Y, Yamato O. Therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract on gingivitis in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1277272. [PMID: 38026667 PMCID: PMC10658002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1277272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common dental health problems in dogs. Clinical studies in humans have shown that aged garlic extract (AGE), which contains stable and water-soluble sulfur-containing bioactive compounds, improves the symptoms of periodontal diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that oral administration of AGE in healthy Beagle dogs at 90 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks had no adverse effects such as hemolytic anemia, which is well known to occur as a result of ingestion of Allium species, including onions and garlic, in dogs. However, the therapeutic potential of AGE in canine periodontal disease remains unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic effects of AGE in Beagle dogs with mild gingivitis. Feeding 18 mg/kg/day of AGE for 8 weeks resulted in the improvement of gingival index score, level of volatile sulfur compounds in exhaled air, and enzyme activity of periodontal pathogens without any adverse effects on clinical signs and hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, AGE increased the concentration of salivary cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide that contributes to the oral innate immune response. These results suggest that AGE could be a potential therapeutic agent for canine gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takahashi
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nango
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takashima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jikihara
- Research Administration Department, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nanami Arakawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Farnesi E, Rinaldi S, Liu C, Ballmaier J, Guntinas-Lichius O, Schmitt M, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Label-Free SERS and MD Analysis of Biomarkers for Rapid Point-of-Care Sensors Detecting Head and Neck Cancer and Infections. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8915. [PMID: 37960614 PMCID: PMC10648186 DOI: 10.3390/s23218915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
For the progress of point-of-care medicine, where individual health status can be easily and quickly monitored using a handheld sensor, saliva serves as one of the best-suited body fluids thanks to its availability and abundance of physiological indicators. Salivary biomarkers, combined with rapid and highly sensitive detection tools, may pave the way to new real-time health monitoring and personalized preventative therapy branches using saliva as a target matrix. Saliva is increasing in importance in liquid biopsy, a non-invasive approach that helps physicians diagnose and characterize specific diseases in patients. Here, we propose a proof-of-concept study combining the unique specificity in biomolecular recognition provided by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which give leave to explore the biomolecular absorption mechanism on nanoparticle surfaces, in order to verify the traceability of two validated salivary indicators, i.e., interleukin-8 (IL-8) and lysozyme (LYZ), implicated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral infection. This strategy simultaneously assures the detection and interpretation of protein biomarkers in saliva, ultimately opening a new route for the evolution of fast and accurate point-of-care SERS-based sensors of interest in precision medicine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Farnesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Chen Liu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonas Ballmaier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.B.); (O.G.-L.)
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.B.); (O.G.-L.)
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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14
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Di Pietro L, Boroumand M, Lattanzi W, Manconi B, Salvati M, Cabras T, Olianas A, Flore L, Serrao S, Calò CM, Francalacci P, Parolini O, Castagnola M. A Catalog of Coding Sequence Variations in Salivary Proteins' Genes Occurring during Recent Human Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15010. [PMID: 37834461 PMCID: PMC10573131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva houses over 2000 proteins and peptides with poorly clarified functions, including proline-rich proteins, statherin, P-B peptides, histatins, cystatins, and amylases. Their genes are poorly conserved across related species, reflecting an evolutionary adaptation. We searched the nucleotide substitutions fixed in these salivary proteins' gene loci in modern humans compared with ancient hominins. We mapped 3472 sequence variants/nucleotide substitutions in coding, noncoding, and 5'-3' untranslated regions. Despite most of the detected variations being within noncoding regions, the frequency of coding variations was far higher than the general rate found throughout the genome. Among the various missense substitutions, specific substitutions detected in PRB1 and PRB2 genes were responsible for the introduction/abrogation of consensus sequences recognized by convertase enzymes that cleave the protein precursors. Overall, these changes that occurred during the recent human evolution might have generated novel functional features and/or different expression ratios among the various components of the salivary proteome. This may have influenced the homeostasis of the oral cavity environment, possibly conditioning the eating habits of modern humans. However, fixed nucleotide changes in modern humans represented only 7.3% of all the substitutions reported in this study, and no signs of evolutionary pressure or adaptative introgression from archaic hominins were found on the tested genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Di Pietro
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Martina Salvati
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Flore
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Carla M. Calò
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Paolo Francalacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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15
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Koidl L, Gentile SA, Untersmayr E. Allergen Stability in Food Allergy: A Clinician's Perspective. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:601-612. [PMID: 37665560 PMCID: PMC10506954 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The globally rising food allergy prevalence is associated with the urgent need for new disease prevention methods, efficient treatment, and reliable risk assessment methods for characterization of food allergens. Due to inter-individual variations in the digestive system, food allergens are degraded to a different extent in each person. Food processing also influences allergen digestion. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we provide an overview of the digestive system with focus on relevance for food allergy. Main food proteins causing allergic reactions are evaluated, and the combined role of food processing and digestion for allergen stability is highlighted. Finally, clinical implications of this knowledge are discussed. Recent literature shows that allergen digestibility is dependent on food processing, digestive conditions, and food matrix. Digestion affects proteins allergenicity. It is currently not possible to predict the immunogenicity of allergens solely based on protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Koidl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, E3Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Salvatore Alessio Gentile
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, E3Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, E3Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Castro-López C, Romero-Luna HE, García HS, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A. Key Stress Response Mechanisms of Probiotics During Their Journey Through the Digestive System: A Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1250-1270. [PMID: 36001271 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The survival of probiotic microorganisms during their exposure to harsh environments plays a critical role in the fulfillment of their functional properties. In particular, transit through the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considered one of the most challenging habitats that probiotics must endure, because of the particularly stressful conditions (e.g., oxygen level, pH variations, nutrient limitations, high osmolarity, oxidation, peristalsis) prevailing in the different sections of the GIT, which in turn can affect the growth, viability, physiological status, and functionality of microbial cells. Consequently, probiotics have developed a series of strategies, called "mechanisms of stress response," to protect themselves from these adverse conditions. Such mechanisms may include but are not limited to the induction of new metabolic pathways, formation/production of particular metabolites, and changes of transcription rates. It should be highlighted that some of such mechanisms can be conserved across several different strains or can be unique for specific genera. Hence, this review attempts to review the state-of-the-art knowledge of mechanisms of stress response displayed by potential probiotic strains during their transit through the GIT. In addition, evidence whether stress responses can compromise the biosafety of such strains is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Haydee E Romero-Luna
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa/Tecnológico Nacional de México, Reserva Territorial s/n Sección 5, Santa Bárbara, Xalapa-Enríquez, Veracruz, 91096, México
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación Y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz/Tecnológico Nacional de México, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México.
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17
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Blancas-Luciano BE, Zamora-Chimal J, da Silva-de Rosenzweig PG, Ramos-Mares M, Fernández-Presas AM. Macrophages immunomodulation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and oral antimicrobial peptides. Odontology 2023; 111:778-792. [PMID: 36897441 PMCID: PMC10492884 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis development, a chronic inflammatory pathology characterized by the destruction of the supporting teeth structure. Macrophages are recruited cells in the inflammatory infiltrate from patients with periodontitis. They are activated by the P. gingivalis virulence factors arsenal, promoting an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), prostaglandins, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) that foster the tissular destruction characteristic of periodontitis. Furthermore, P. gingivalis suppresses the generation of nitric oxide, a potent antimicrobial molecule, through its degradation, and incorporating its byproducts as a source of energy. Oral antimicrobial peptides can contribute to controlling the disease due to their antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activity, which allows them to maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. This study aimed to analyze the immunopathological role of macrophages activated by P. gingivalis in periodontitis and suggested using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis, 148 Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gomes da Silva-de Rosenzweig
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mariana Ramos-Mares
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Reise M, Kranz S, Heyder M, Beck J, Roth C, Guellmar A, von Eggeling F, Schubert U, Löffler B, Sigusch B. Salivary Pellicle Formed on Dental Composites Evaluated by Mass Spectrometry-An In Situ Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6804. [PMID: 37836647 PMCID: PMC10574692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the oral environment, sound enamel and dental restorative materials are immediately covered by a pellicle layer, which enables bacteria to attach. For the development of new materials with repellent surface functions, information on the formation and maturation of salivary pellicles is crucial. Therefore, the present in situ study aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of salivary pellicles formed on different dental composites. (2) Methods: Light-cured composite and bovine enamel samples (controls) were exposed to the oral cavity for 30, 90, and 120 min. All samples were subjected to optical and mechanical profilometry, as well as SEM surface evaluation. Acquired pellicles and unstimulated whole saliva samples were analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS. The significance was determined by the generalized estimation equation and the post-hoc bonferroni adjustment. (3) Results: SEM revealed the formation of homogeneous pellicles on all test and control surfaces. Profilometry showed that composite surfaces tend to be of higher roughness compared to enamel. SELDI-TOF-MS detected up to 102 different proteins in the saliva samples and up to 46 proteins in the pellicle. Significant differences among 14 pellicle proteins were found between the composite materials and the controls. (4) Conclusions: Pellicle formation was material- and time-dependent. Proteins differed among the composites and to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Julius Beck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - André Guellmar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
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Jiang S, Zha Y, Zhao T, Jin X, Zhu R, Wei S, Wang R, Song Y, Li L, Lyu J, Hu W, Zhang D, Wang M, Zhang Y. Antimicrobial peptide temporin derivatives inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor expression of Streptococcus mutans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267389. [PMID: 37822738 PMCID: PMC10562637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Temporin-GHa obtained from the frog Hylarana guentheri showed bactericidal efficacy against Streptococcus mutans. To enhance its antibacterial activity, the derived peptides GHaR and GHa11R were designed, and their antibacterial performance, antibiofilm efficacy and potential in the inhibition of dental caries were evaluated. Methods Bacterial survival assay, fluorescent staining assay and transmission electron microscopy observation were applied to explore how the peptides inhibited and killed S. mutans. The antibiofilm efficacy was assayed by examining exopolysaccharide (EPS) and lactic acid production, bacterial adhesion and cell surface hydrophobicity. The gene expression level of virulence factors of S. mutans was detected by qRT-PCR. Finally, the impact of the peptides on the caries induced ability of S. mutans was measured using a rat caries model. Results It has been shown that the peptides inhibited biofilm rapid accumulation by weakening the initial adhesion of S. mutans and reducing the production of EPS. Meanwhile, they also decreased bacterial acidogenicity and aciduricity, and ultimately prevented caries development in vivo. Conclusion GHaR and GHa11R might be promising candidates for controlling S. mutans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanmei Zha
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ruiying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lushuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Junchen Lyu
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Manchuriga Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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20
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Zamzam R, Karkoutly M, Bshara N. Effect of various types of milk on salivary pH among children: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial. BDJ Open 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37704635 PMCID: PMC10500012 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate salivary pH changes after consuming three types of milk in children aged 3-5 years. The null hypothesis was that no statistically significant difference would be noted in the salivary pH between high-protein, full-fat, and sweetened milk groups at different time points. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a double-blind, pilot randomized controlled crossover trial. 30 Children have undergone three experimental sessions with a 1-week washout period. Each child was given 250 mL of one of the following types of milk: high-protein, full-fat, or sweetened milk. The salivary pH was measured at the baseline (t0) after 5 (t1), 10 (t2), 15 (t3), 30 (t4), and 60 (t5) minutes of milk consumption, using a pH saliva indicator strip. RESULTS There is a sharp drop in salivary pH after 5 min of sweetened (P < 0.05) and full-fat milk consumption (p < 0.05). However, the initial drop in the salivary pH was found to remain above the critical level. For the high-protein milk group, salivary pH decreased slightly after 5 min but was similar to that at the baseline (p = 0.573). In the high-protein milk group (p < 0.05), the salivary pH was slightly greater than the baseline value at t5. CONCLUSIONS The study shows an initial suggestion that milk is a non-cariogenic beverage, even when sugar is added. Furthermore, high-protein milk has a protective effect from dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouaa Zamzam
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mawia Karkoutly
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Nada Bshara
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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21
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Ravikumar D, Ramani P, Gayathri R, Hemashree K, Prabhakaran P. Physical and chemical properties of saliva and its role in Early Childhood caries - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:527-538. [PMID: 37351419 PMCID: PMC10282172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early Childhood Caries is a chronic disease of childhood and salivary parameters are considered as one of the prime etiological factors of Early Childhood Caries. Aim To develop a systematic review based on the relation between physical and chemical properties of saliva and Early childhood caries by comparing children with and without Early childhood caries. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and additional manual search was done up to April 2021 to identify the original cross-sectional observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed based on New castle Ottawa guidelines. Results From a total of 1709 identified studies, only 22 articles were included in this systematic review and 10 studies were qualified for meta-analysis. Eight studies were classified as ''moderate risk of bias'' and fourteen studies were classified as ''high risk of bias''. Conclusion There was a significant difference in physical and chemical properties of saliva in children with and without Early childhood caries. Since wide disparity were evident in available studies, further studies are needed to arrive to a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - K. Hemashree
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pranitha Prabhakaran
- Private Practice, Conservative Dentist and Endodontist, Civic Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic, Palakkad, India
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22
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Rajendran P, Sekar R, Zahra HA, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Abdelsalam SA, Veeraraghavan V. Salivaomics to decode non-coding RNAs in oral cancer. A narrative review. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:376-384. [PMID: 37250455 PMCID: PMC10220469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most debilitating disease which affects the orderly life of a human. With so much advancement in research and technology, the average life expectancy of an individual with oral cancer appears to be about 5 years. The changing trend in incidence of oral cancer among young individuals and women without tobacco habits are ascending. Non habit related oral cancer are taking centre stage and multiple factors which induce complex biology are associated in such scenarios. To decipher the aetiology and to understand the process, these cancerous conditions are to be studied at molecular level. Saliva, the most non-invasively obtained body fluid are assessed for biomarkers exclusively in liquid biopsy. This fluid gives a huge platform to study number of molecules associated with oral cancer. Non coding RNAs are transcripts with no protein coding function. They are gaining more importance in recent times. Long noncoding RNA, microRNA are major types of noncoding transcriptome that influences in progression of oral cancer. They seem to play an important role in health and disease. Apart from these, circulating tumour cells, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, antigens and other proteins can be studied from saliva. This review is aimed to update the knowledge on current biomarkers in saliva associated with oral cancer and their epigenetic role in disease progression as well recent advances in detecting these markers to identify the stage of the disease, which will help in deciding the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamad Abu Zahra
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Adelfio M, Bonzanni M, Callen GE, Paster BJ, Hasturk H, Ghezzi CE. A physiologically relevant culture platform for long-term studies of in vitro gingival tissue. Acta Biomater 2023; 167:321-334. [PMID: 37331612 PMCID: PMC10528240 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to understand the etiologies of periodontitis, considering the growing socio-economic impact of the disease. Despite recent advances in oral tissue engineering, experimental approaches have failed to develop a physiologically relevant gingival model that combines tissue organization with salivary flow dynamics and stimulation of the shedding and non-shedding oral surfaces. Herein, we develop a dynamic gingival tissue model composed of a silk scaffold, replicating the cyto-architecture and oxygen profile of the human gingiva, along with a saliva-mimicking medium that reflected the ionic composition, viscosity, and non-Newtonian behavior of human saliva. The construct was cultured in a custom designed bioreactor, in which force profiles on the gingival epithelium were modulated through analysis of inlet position, velocity and vorticity to replicate the physiological shear stress of salivary flow. The gingival bioreactor supported the long-term in vivo features of the gingiva and improved the integrity of the epithelial barrier, critical against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the challenge of the gingival tissue with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, as an in vitro surrogate for microbial interactions, indicated a greater stability of the dynamic model in maintaining tissue homeostasis and, thus, its applicability in long-term studies. The model will be integrated into future studies with the human subgingival microbiome to investigate host-pathogen and host-commensal interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The major societal impact of human microbiome had reverberated up to the establishment of the Common Fund's Human Microbiome Project, that has the intent of studying the role of microbial communities in human health and diseases, including periodontitis, atopic dermatitis, or asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, these chronic diseases are emergent drivers of global socioeconomic status. Not only common oral diseases have been shown to be directly correlated with several systemic conditions, but they are differentially impacting some racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. To address this growing social disparity, the development of in vitro gingival model would provide a time and cost-effective experimental platform, able to mimic the spectrum of periodontal disease presentation, for the identification of predictive biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adelfio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - M Bonzanni
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - G E Callen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - C E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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24
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Zhou Y, Liu Z. Saliva biomarkers in oral disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117503. [PMID: 37536520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a versatile biofluid that contains a wide variety of biomarkers reflecting both physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Saliva collection is noninvasive and highly applicable for tests requiring serial sampling. Furthermore, advances in test accuracy, sensitivity and precision for saliva has improved diagnostic performance as well as the identification of novel markers especially in oral disease processes. These include dental caries, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Numerous growth factors, enzymes, interleukins and cytokines have been identified and are the subject of much research investigation. This review highlights current procedures for successful determination of saliva biomarkers including preanalytical factors associated with sampling, storage and pretreatment as well as subsequent analysis. Moreover, it provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of these salivary biomarkers in common oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Kubo Y, Kanazawa N, Fukuda H, Inaba Y, Mikita N, Jinnin M, Furukawa F, Kuraishi Y, Yoshihara S. Saliva contact during infancy and allergy development in school-age children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100108. [PMID: 37779525 PMCID: PMC10509937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Parent-child saliva contact during infancy might stimulate the child's immune system for effective allergy prevention. However, few studies have investigated its relation to allergy development in school-age children. Objective We sought to investigate the relationship between parent-child saliva contact during infancy and allergy development at school age. Methods We performed a large multicenter cross-sectional study involving Japanese school children and their parents. The self-administered questionnaires including questions from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood were distributed to 3570 elementary and junior high school children in 2 local cities. Data were analyzed for the relationship between saliva contact during infancy (age <12 months) and the risk of allergy development, specifically eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. For detailed Methods, please see the Methods section in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org. Results The valid response rate was 94.7%. The mean and median age of children was 10.8 ± 2.7 and 11 (interquartile range, 9-13) years, respectively. Saliva contact via sharing eating utensils during infancy was significantly associated with a lower risk of eczema (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34-0.83) at school age. Saliva contact via parental sucking of pacifiers was significantly associated with a lower risk of eczema (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.60) and allergic rhinitis (odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15-0.73), and had a borderline association with the risk of asthma in school-age children. Conclusions Saliva contact during infancy may reduce the risk of developing eczema and allergic rhinitis in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kanazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Medical University, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
- Nasu Kids Clinic, Kutsugake, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoya Mikita
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Abuno, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuraishi
- University Research Administration, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
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26
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Lee YH, Kim H, Heo DW, Ahn IS, Park HK. Oral microbiome of the inner surface of face masks and whole saliva during the COVID-19 pandemic. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1178020. [PMID: 37521176 PMCID: PMC10379621 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1178020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearing a face mask was strongly recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of the oral microbiome, the abundance of each bacterium on the inner surface of the mask, and the effects of xerostomia on the microbiota. The study was conducted on 55 generally healthy adults (45 women and 10 men, mean age 38.18 ± 12.49 years). Unstimulated flow rate (UFR) and stimulated flow rate (SFR) were measured in whole saliva samples collected for each condition. The 14 major oral bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) on the inner surface of the mask and in the UFR and SFR samples, were analyzed by real-time PCR. We found that the total DNA copy number of oral bacteria was significantly higher in UFR and SFR than in the mask (p < 0.001). On the inner surface of the mask, P. gingivalis and L. casei were the most abundant Gram-negative and Gram-positive species, respectively. The oral microbiome profile of the mask differed from that of the UFR and SFR samples. Shannon's diversity index was also significantly higher in the UFR and SFR than in the mask (2.64 ± 0.78, 2.66 ± 0.76, and 1.26 ± 1.51, respectively, p < 0.001). Shannon's diversity index of UFR and SFR had a significant positive correlation with each other (r = 0.828, p < 0.001), but there was no significant relationship with Shannon's diversity index of mask. Red complex abundance, including P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola, was significantly higher in UFR than in the mask. Interestingly, the DNA copy number of each of the 14 bacteria, the total bacterial amount, and Shannon's diversity index did not differ in the absence or presence of xerostomia (p > 0.05). In summary, oral bacteria migrated to and existed on the inside of the mask, and the presence of xerostomia did not affect the bacterial profiles. The inner surface of the mask had an independent oral microbiome profile, although this showed lower quantity and diversity than the UFR and SFR samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongrok Kim
- Life Sciences Lab, Denomics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wook Heo
- Life Sciences Lab, Denomics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Suk Ahn
- Life Sciences Lab, Denomics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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van Leeuwen SJM, Proctor GB, Staes A, Laheij AMGA, Potting CMJ, Brennan MT, von Bültzingslöwen I, Rozema FR, Hazenberg MD, Blijlevens NMA, Raber-Durlacher JE, Huysmans MCDNJM. The salivary proteome in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a labelled and label-free proteomics approach. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:460. [PMID: 37420206 PMCID: PMC10329372 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis is a frequently seen complication in the first weeks after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients which can severely affects patients quality of life. In this study, a labelled and label-free proteomics approach were used to identify differences between the salivary proteomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) recipients developing ulcerative oral mucositis (ULC-OM; WHO score ≥ 2) or not (NON-OM). METHODS In the TMT-labelled analysis we pooled saliva samples from 5 ULC-OM patients at each of 5 timepoints: baseline, 1, 2, 3 weeks and 3 months after ASCT and compared these with pooled samples from 5 NON-OM patients. For the label-free analysis we analyzed saliva samples from 9 ULC-OM and 10 NON-OM patients at 6 different timepoints (including 12 months after ASCT) with Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA). As spectral library, all samples were grouped (ULC-OM vs NON-OM) and analyzed with Data Dependent Analysis (DDA). PCA plots and a volcano plot were generated in RStudio and differently regulated proteins were analyzed using GO analysis with g:Profiler. RESULTS A different clustering of ULC-OM pools was found at baseline, weeks 2 and 3 after ASCT with TMT-labelled analysis. Using label-free analysis, week 1-3 samples clustered distinctly from the other timepoints. Unique and up-regulated proteins in the NON-OM group (DDA analysis) were involved in immune system-related processes, while those proteins in the ULC-OM group were intracellular proteins indicating cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS The salivary proteome in ASCT recipients has a tissue protective or tissue-damage signature, that corresponded with the absence or presence of ulcerative oral mucositis, respectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in the national trial register (NTR5760; automatically added to the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform).
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Affiliation(s)
- S J M van Leeuwen
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - G B Proctor
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - A Staes
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M J Potting
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Centre, NC, Charlotte, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, NC, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - I von Bültzingslöwen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F R Rozema
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N M A Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C D N J M Huysmans
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sobczak-Jaskow H, Kochańska B, Drogoszewska B. A Study of Oral Health Parameters and the Properties and Composition of Saliva in Oncological Patients with and without Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Who Take Bisphosphonates. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1073. [PMID: 37374277 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine how the status of the oral cavity, composition and properties of saliva change in oncological patients with and without Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study of 49 oncological patients using bisphosphonates (BPs) was conducted. The study population was divided into two groups-Group I consisted of 29 patients with MRONJ and Group II of 20 patients without MRONJ. The control group consisted of 32 persons without oncological history and without antiresorptive therapy. Standard dental examination included the assessment of the number of teeth remaining, teeth with caries and fillings, Approximal Plaque Index (API) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). In terms of MRONJ, localization and stage were assessed. Laboratory tests of saliva included determination of pH and concentrations of Ca and PO4 ions, total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, sIgA, IgA, cortisol, neopterin, activity of amylase at rest, and stimulated saliva. The buffering capacity and microbiological tests (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. load) of stimulated saliva were also determined. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the selected oral parameters and saliva of Group I and Group II. Significant differences were found between Group I and the control group. BOP, lysozyme and cortisol concentration were higher, while the number of teeth with fillings, Ca and neopterin concentrations were lower in comparison to the control group. In Group I, a significantly higher percentage of patients with a high colony count (>105) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. was also found. The significant differences between Group II and the control group concerned the concentrations of lysozyme, Ca ions, sIgA, neopterin and the colony count of Lactobacillus spp. In the Group I patients who received a significantly higher cumulative dose of BP compared to the Group II, a significant positive correlation was found between the received BP dose and the BOP. Most MRONJ foci were stage 2 and were mainly located in the mandible. Conclusions: Among oncological patients with and without MRONJ undergoing BP therapy compared to the control group, there are statistically significant differences in the dental, periodontal and microbiological status and in the composition of the saliva. Particularly noteworthy are the statistically significant differences in the decreased level of Ca ions, the increased level of cortisol and the elements of saliva related to the immune response (lysozyme, sIgA, neopterin). Additionally, a higher cumulative dose of BPs may affect the susceptibility to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy should receive multidisciplinary medical care, including dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sobczak-Jaskow
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kochańska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Drogoszewska
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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29
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Weber C, Dilthey A, Finzer P. The role of microbiome-host interactions in the development of Alzheimer´s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151021. [PMID: 37333848 PMCID: PMC10272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is often assumed that AD is caused by an aggregation of extracellular beta-amyloid and intracellular tau-protein, supported by a recent study showing reduced brain amyloid levels and reduced cognitive decline under treatment with a beta-amyloid-binding antibody. Confirmation of the importance of amyloid as a therapeutic target notwithstanding, the underlying causes of beta-amyloid aggregation in the human brain, however, remain to be elucidated. Multiple lines of evidence point towards an important role of infectious agents and/or inflammatory conditions in the etiology of AD. Various microorganisms have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of AD-patients and have thus been hypothesized to be linked to the development of AD, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Spirochaetes. Intriguingly, these microorganisms are also found in the oral cavity under normal physiological conditions, which is often affected by multiple pathologies like caries or tooth loss in AD patients. Oral cavity pathologies are mostly accompanied by a compositional shift in the community of oral microbiota, mainly affecting commensal microorganisms and referred to as 'dysbiosis'. Oral dysbiosis seems to be at least partly mediated by key pathogens such as PG, and it is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that promotes the destruction of connective tissue in the mouth, possibly enabling the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the oral cavity to the nervous system. It has therefore been hypothesized that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to the development of AD. In this review, we discuss the infectious hypothesis of AD in the light of the oral microbiome and microbiome-host interactions, which may contribute to or even cause the development of AD. We discuss technical challenges relating to the detection of microorganisms in relevant body fluids and approaches for avoiding false-positives, and introduce the antibacterial protein lactoferrin as a potential link between the dysbiotic microbiome and the host inflammatory reaction.
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30
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Yazawa S, Yamazaki E, Saga Y, Itamochi M, Inasaki N, Shimada T, Oishi K, Tani H. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 isolation in cell culture from nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva specimens of patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8893. [PMID: 37264051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can be efficiently isolated from clinical specimens such as nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva in cultured cells. In this study, we examined the efficiency of viral isolation including SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains between nasal/nasopharyngeal swab or saliva specimens. Furthermore, we also examined the comparison of viral isolation rates by sample species using simulated specimens for COVID-19. As a result, it was found that the isolation efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva specimens was significantly lower than that in the nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens. In order to determine which component of saliva is responsible for the lower isolation rate of saliva specimens, we tested the abilities of lactoferrin, amylase, cathelicidin, and mucin, which are considered to be abundant in saliva, to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses (SARS-CoV-2pv). Lactoferrin and amylase were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2pv infection. In conclusion, even if the same number of viral genome copies was detected by the real-time RT-PCR test, infection of SARS-CoV-2 present in saliva is thought to be inhibited by inhibitory factors such as lactoferrin and amylase, compared to nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan.
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31
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Walther JT, Illing B, Kimmerle-Müller E, Theurer A, Rupp F. Advanced co-culture model: Soft tissue cell and bacteria interactions at the transgingival dental implant interface. Dent Mater 2023; 39:504-512. [PMID: 37019744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better simulate and understand the clinical situation in which tissue cells and bacteria compete for settlement on an implant surface, the aim was to develop an improved transgingival co-culture model. METHODS For this model human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were seeded on different titanium surfaces in the presence of the early colonizer Streptococcus gordonii or mixed oral bacteria. Subsequently adhesion and viability of HGF cells was analyzed. RESULTS Simultaneous co-culture showed no decrease in the viability of HGF cells at early stages compared to the control group. However, a moderate impact on HGF viability (76 ± 23 %) was observed after 4 h of co-culture, which then significantly decreased after 5 h (21 ± 2 %) of co-cultivation, resulting in cell death and detachment from the surface. Further experiments including saliva pre-treatment of smooth and structured titanium surfaces with Streptococcus gordonii or mixed oral bacteria suggested a cell-protective property of saliva. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that during simultaneous co-culture of cells and bacteria, which resembles the clinical situation the closest, the viability of gingival cells is considerably high in the early phase, suggesting that increasing initial cell adhesion rather than antibacterial functionality is a major goal and a relevant aspect in the development and testing of transgingival implant and abutment surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Thy Walther
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Barbara Illing
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
| | - Evi Kimmerle-Müller
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Antonia Theurer
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
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32
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Adelfio M, Martin‐Moldes Z, Erndt‐Marino J, Tozzi L, Duncan MJ, Hasturk H, Kaplan DL, Ghezzi CE. Three-Dimensional Humanized Model of the Periodontal Gingival Pocket to Study Oral Microbiome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205473. [PMID: 36825685 PMCID: PMC10131835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains distinct microenvironments that serve as oral barriers, such as the non-shedding surface of the teeth (e.g., enamel), the epithelial mucosa and gingival tissue (attached gingiva) where microbial communities coexist. The interactions and balances between these communities are responsible for oral tissue homeostasis or dysbiosis, that ultimately dictate health or disease. Disruption of this equilibrium can lead to chronic inflammation and permanent tissue damage in the case of chronic periodontitis. There are currently no experimental tissue models able to mimic the structural, physical, and metabolic conditions present in the human oral gingival tissue to support the long-term investigation of host-pathogens imbalances. Herein, the authors report an in vitro 3D anatomical gingival tissue model, fabricated from silk biopolymer by casting a replica mold of an adult human mandibular gingiva to recreate a tooth-gum unit. The model is based on human primary cultures that recapitulate physiological tissue organization, as well as a native oxygen gradient within the gingival pocket to support human subgingival plaque microbiome with a physiologically relevant level of microbial diversity up to 24 h. The modulation of inflammatory markers in the presence of oral microbiome indicates the humanized functional response of this model and establishes a new set of tools to investigate host-pathogen imbalances in gingivitis and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Adelfio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | | | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchThe Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
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33
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Bulut M, Tokuc M, Aydin MN, Ayyildiz Civan H, Polat E, Dogan G, Altuntas C, Bayrak NA, Beser OF. Nutrition and oral health in children with recently and previously diagnosed celiac disease. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04971-x. [PMID: 36961593 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the nutritional and oral health status of children with previously diagnosed celiac disease (CD) who follow a gluten-free diet and recently diagnosed CD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Previously and recently diagnosed groups were formed from children with CD, aged 4 to 15 years. A questionnaire was completed about the children's dental history and nutritional and oral hygiene habits. All the children underwent an oral examination, and dmft-DMFT indices were determined. Dental plaque status, periodontal health, and dental enamel defects were recorded. Oral soft tissues were examined for the presence of lesions. Unstimulated salivary flow rate and pH value were evaluated. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was determined between the previously and recently diagnosed patients in terms of toothpaste preference (p=0.003), frequency of going to the dentist (p=0.039), and the types of dental treatment they had received (p=0.001). A statistically significant difference was determined between the previously and recently diagnosed patient groups in terms of dmft values (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Children with CD should be directed to a pediatric dentist to improve oral and dental health, relieve the symptoms of oral mucosal lesions, be informed about enamel defects, and be encouraged to use gluten-free oral care products. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The collaboration of pediatric gastroenterologists and pediatric dentists can prevent the progression of oral symptoms in children with CD and eliminate long-term complications in terms of both oral health and multisystemic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bulut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - M Tokuc
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - M N Aydin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - H Ayyildiz Civan
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, I.A.U. VM Medical Park Hospital Florya, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - E Polat
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - G Dogan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - C Altuntas
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - N A Bayrak
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Zeynep Kamil Women & Children's Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - O F Beser
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Impact of high altitude on composition and functional profiling of oral microbiome in Indian male population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4038. [PMID: 36899053 PMCID: PMC10006418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity of human contains bacteria that are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the body. External stressors such as high altitude (HA) and low oxygen affect the human gut, skin and oral microbiome. However, compared to the human gut and skin microbiome, studies demonstrating the impact of altitude on human oral microbiota are currently scarce. Alterations in the oral microbiome have been reported to be associated with various periodontal diseases. In light of the increased occurrence of HA oral health related problems, the effect of HA on the oral salivary microbiome was investigated. We conducted a pilot study in 16 male subjects at two different heights i.e., H1 (210 m) and H2 (4420 m). Total of 31 saliva samples,16 at H1 and 15 at H2 were analyzed by utilizing the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, to explore the relationship between the HA environment and salivary microbiota. The preliminary results suggesting that, the most abundant microbiome at the phylum level are: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Interestingly, 11 genera were identified at the both heights with different relative abundances. In addition, the salivary microbiome was more diverse at H1 compared to H2 as demonstrated by decreased alpha diversity. Further, predicted functional results indicate that microbial metabolic profiles significantly decreased at H2 as compared to H1, including two major metabolic pathways involving carbohydrates, and amino acids. Our findings show that HA induces shifts in the composition and structure of human oral microbiota which can affect host health homeostasis.
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Oral Candidiasis in Adult and Pediatric Patients with COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030846. [PMID: 36979825 PMCID: PMC10045279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral Candidiasis (OC) is an opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity, frequently reported under local and systemic predisposing circumstances. While the recurrence of OC HIV-infected subjects has been well described and reported, the association between oral candidiasis and the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a recent finding that still is worthy of further study. The present paper focuses on this novel association, reporting the incidence and prevalence of OC occurring during and after COVID-19 and the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying the onset of OC in COVID-19 subjects. The work found that the immune inflammatory hypo reactions and immunosuppression found in children and adults with COVID-19 could favor the proliferation colonization of Candida species and the following infection. At the same time, poor oral hygiene and iatrogenic causes seem to be the main risk factors.
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36
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Stewart L, Hong Y, Holmes IR, Firth SJ, Ahmed Y, Quinn J, Santos Y, Cobb SL, Jakubovics NS, Djoko KY. Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide Histatin-5 Does Not Display Zn(II)-Dependent or -Independent Activity against Streptococci. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:631-642. [PMID: 36826226 PMCID: PMC10012264 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Histatin-5 (Hst5) is a member of the histatin superfamily of cationic, His-rich, Zn(II)-binding peptides in human saliva. Hst5 displays antimicrobial activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens, often in a Zn(II)-dependent manner. In contrast, here we showed that under in vitro conditions that are characteristic of human saliva, Hst5 does not kill seven streptococcal species that normally colonize the human oral cavity and oropharynx. We further showed that Zn(II) does not influence this outcome. We then hypothesized that Hst5 exerts more subtle effects on streptococci by modulating Zn(II) availability. We initially proposed that Hst5 contributes to nutritional immunity by limiting nutrient Zn(II) availability and promoting bacterial Zn(II) starvation. By examining the interactions between Hst5 and Streptococcus pyogenes as a model Streptococcus species, we showed that Hst5 does not influence the expression of Zn(II) uptake genes. In addition, Hst5 did not suppress growth of a ΔadcAI mutant strain that is impaired in Zn(II) uptake. These observations establish that Hst5 does not promote Zn(II) starvation. Biochemical examination of purified peptides further confirmed that Hst5 binds Zn(II) with high micromolar affinities and does not compete with the AdcAI high-affinity Zn(II) uptake protein for binding nutrient Zn(II). Instead, we showed that Hst5 weakly limits the availability of excess Zn(II) and suppresses Zn(II) toxicity to a ΔczcD mutant strain that is impaired in Zn(II) efflux. Altogether, our findings led us to reconsider the function of Hst5 as a salivary antimicrobial agent and the role of Zn(II) in Hst5 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa
J. Stewart
- Department
of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - YoungJin Hong
- Department
of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel R. Holmes
- Department
of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha J. Firth
- Department
of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Ahmed
- Biosciences
Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Quinn
- Biosciences
Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Yazmin Santos
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Cobb
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karrera Y. Djoko
- Department
of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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37
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Sobczak-Jaskow H, Kochańska B, Drogoszewska B. Composition and Properties of Saliva in Patients with Osteoporosis Taking Antiresorptive Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4294. [PMID: 36901300 PMCID: PMC10002130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to examine how the composition and properties of saliva change in people with osteoporosis who have received antiresorptive (AR) treatment, compared to patients with osteoporosis who have not yet received this treatment. METHODS The study population consisted of 38 patients with osteoporosis using AR drugs (Group I) and 16 patients with osteoporosis who had never used AR drugs (Group II). The control group consisted of 32 people without osteoporosis. Laboratory tests included determination of pH and concentrations of Ca, PO4, total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, sIgA, IgA, cortisol, neopterin, activity of amylase at rest, and stimulated saliva. The buffering capacity of stimulated saliva was also determined. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the saliva of Group I and Group II. No statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of time using AR therapy (Group I) and the tested parameters of the saliva. Significant differences were found between Group I and the control group. The concentrations of PO4, lysozyme, and cortisol were higher, while concentrations of Ca ions, sIgA, and neopterin were lower, in comparison to the control group. The significant differences between Group II and the control group were smaller, and they concerned only the concentrations of lysozyme, cortisol, and neopterin. CONCLUSIONS The saliva of people with osteoporosis subjected to AR therapy and those not subjected to AR therapy did not show statistically significant differences in terms of the examined parameters of the saliva. However, the saliva of patients with osteoporosis taking and not taking AR drugs was significantly different compared to the saliva of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sobczak-Jaskow
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kochańska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Drogoszewska
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Rashidi A, Koyama M, Dey N, McLean JS, Hill GR. Colonization resistance is dispensable for segregation of oral and gut microbiota. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 36814251 PMCID: PMC9948407 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral and colonic microbiota are distinct in healthy individuals. However, this distinction is diminished in common diseases such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting a potential pathogenic role for oral bacteria when ectopically colonized in the gut. A key mechanism for the segregation of oral and colonic microbiota niches is thought to be microbiota-mediated colonization resistance whereby the commensal gut microbiota outcompete and eliminate the ingested oral bacteria. METHODS We tested this theory by analyzing exact amplicon sequence variants generated from concurrent fecal and oral samples from healthy volunteers exposed to a brief course of a single antibiotic (cohort 1), acute leukemia patients (cohort 2), and stem cell transplant recipients (cohort 3). Cohorts 2 and 3 represent extreme clinical scenarios with respect to antibiotic pressure and severity of gut microbiota injury. RESULTS While mild antibiotic exposure in cohort 1 was not sufficient for colonization of any oral bacteria in the gut, even with extreme antibiotic pressure and severe gut microbiota disruptions in cohorts 2 and 3, only one oral species in each cohort colonized the gut. CONCLUSIONS Colonization resistance is dispensable for segregation of oral and colonic microbiota in humans. This finding implies that the presence of oral bacteria in the distal gut in diseases such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease is not driven by impaired colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rashidi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Motoko Koyama
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Neelendu Dey
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Jeffrey S. McLean
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Haghshenas MR, Ghaderi H, Daneste H, Ghaderi A. Immunological and biological dissection of normal and tumoral salivary glands. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 42:139-155. [PMID: 34378486 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1958806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands naturally play central roles in oral immunity. The salivary glands microenvironment inevitable may be exposed to exogenous factors consequently triggering the initiation and formation of various malignant and benign tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited into salivary gland microenvironment, interact with tumor cells, and induce inhibitory cytokines as well as cells with immunosuppressive phenotypes such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The immune components and tumor immune responses in malignant and benign SGTs are still under investigation. Immune responses may directly play a limiting role in tumor growth and expansion, or may participate in formation of a rich milieu for tumor growth in cooperation with other cellular and regulatory molecules. Immune checkpoint molecules (e.g. PDLs, HLA-G and LAG3) are frequently expressed on tumor cells and/or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in salivary gland microenvironment, and an increase in their expression is associated with T cell exhaustion, immune tolerance and tumor immune escape. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have influential roles on aggressive behaviors of SGTs, and thereby they could be candidate targets for cancer immunotherapy. To present a broad knowledge on salivary glands, this review first provides a brief description on immunological functions of normal salivary glands, and then describe the SGT's tumor microenvironment, by focusing on mesenchymal stem cells, immune cell subsets, immune checkpoint molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors, and finally introduces immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Daneste
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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40
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Tazawa K, Jadhav R, Azuma MM, Fenno JC, McDonald NJ, Sasaki H. Hypochlorous acid inactivates oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2-surrogate. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:111. [PMID: 36803460 PMCID: PMC9938691 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Droplets and aerosols produced during dental procedures are a risk factor for microbial and viral transmission. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is nontoxic to tissues but still exhibits broad microbicidal effect. HOCl solution may be applicable as a supplement to water and/or mouthwash. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HOCl solution on common human oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate MHV A59 virus, considering the dental practice environment. METHODS HOCl was generated by electrolysis of 3% hydrochloric acid. The effect of HOCl on human oral pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus intermedius, Parvimonas micra, and MHV A59 virus was studied from four perspectives: concentration; volume; presence of saliva; and storage. HOCl solution in different conditions was utilized in bactericidal and virucidal assays, and the minimum inhibitory volume ratio that is required to completely inhibit the pathogens was determined. RESULTS In the absence of saliva, the minimum inhibitory volume ratio of freshly prepared HOCl solution (45-60 ppm) was 4:1 for bacterial suspensions and 6:1 for viral suspensions. The presence of saliva increased the minimum inhibitory volume ratio to 8:1 and 7:1 for bacteria and viruses, respectively. Applying a higher concentration of HOCl solution (220 or 330 ppm) did not lead to a significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory volume ratio against S. intermedius and P. micra. The minimum inhibitory volume ratio increases in applications of HOCl solution via the dental unit water line. One week of storage of HOCl solution degraded HOCl and increased the minimum growth inhibition volume ratio. CONCLUSIONS HOCl solution (45-60 ppm) is still effective against oral pathogens and SAR-CoV-2 surrogate viruses even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line. This study indicates that the HOCl solution can be used as therapeutic water or mouthwash and may ultimately reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Tazawa
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rutuja Jadhav
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Mariane Maffei Azuma
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Neville J. McDonald
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Terech-Skóra S, Kasprzyk-Mazur J, Leyk-Kolańczak M, Kruk A, Piotrkowska R, Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska W, Książek J. Assessment of Oral Health in Long-Term Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Patients: Significant Aspects of Nursing Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3381. [PMID: 36834077 PMCID: PMC9967838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is an underestimated factor affecting overall human health and quality of life. Long-term enteral or parenteral nutritional treatment requires not only regular assessment of access routes, the patient's nutritional status, and tolerance to the selected method of nutrition but also of oral health. This article discusses the connections between the influence of chewing function, salivation, and xerostomia on the health of the oral cavity of patients on long-term enteral and parenteral nutrition. In addition, the role of nurses in assessing oral health is presented as well as crucial elements of a comprehensive oral assessment in a nursing care plan. Patients receiving long-term enteral and parenteral nutrition have an increased risk of developing oral diseases. Increasing knowledge about the factors affecting oral health among nurses is crucial to provide appropriate care for patients requiring long-term nutritional treatment with omission of the natural route of food intake. Regular assessment of oral health by nurses should be an important aspect in long-term nutritional treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Terech-Skóra
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Kasprzyk-Mazur
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories Invicta, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Magdalena Leyk-Kolańczak
- Department of Oncology, Transplantation and General Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kruk
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata Piotrkowska
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Janina Książek
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Kaibori Y, Yamashita K, Nagakubo D. The altered production and property of saliva induced by ingesting fermented food ingredients affect the oral microbiome composition in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:228-235. [PMID: 36398739 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral functions are diverse and critical to human health. Therefore, insufficient secretion or poor quality of saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity and plays various roles, could have a crucial influence on the oral microenvironment and be associated with systemic disease development. Here, we investigated the effects of food ingredients on saliva quantity and quality, including fermented ones. Through the in vitro submandibular glands' organ culture analyses, we found that "Yomo gyutto," fermented Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps), altered the expression of aquaporin-5, a water channel protein. We also found that Yomo gyutto increased saliva volume, along with the amount of α-amylase in mice, and caused changes in the oral microbiome composition of mice. These results suggested that by ingesting Yomo gyutto, we could directly and effectively manipulate the quantity and quality of saliva secreted from the salivary glands, potentially altering the oral microbiome composition for individual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kaibori
- Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamashita
- Functional Food Ingredients R&D Division, Yaegaki Biotechnology, Inc., Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
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Li Y, Liu J, Guan T, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Liu H, Liu C, Luo W, Chen H, Chen L, Zhao T. The submandibular and sublingual glands maintain oral microbial homeostasis through multiple antimicrobial proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1057327. [PMID: 36704102 PMCID: PMC9872150 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1057327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral microbial homeostasis is a key factor affecting oral health, and saliva plays a significant role in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis. The submandibular gland (SMG) and sublingual gland (SLG) together produce the most saliva at rest. Organic ingredients, including antimicrobial proteins, are rich and distinctive and depend on the type of acinar cells in the SMG and SLG. However, the functions of the SMG and SLG in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis have been difficult to identify and distinguish, given their unique anatomical structures. Methods In this study, we independently removed either the SMG or SLG from mouse models. SMGs were aseptically removed in three mice in the SMG-removal group, and SLGs were aseptically removed in three mice in the SLG-removal group. Three mice from the sham-operated group were only anesthetized and incised the skin. After one month, we analyzed their oral microbiome through 16S rRNA sequencing. And then, we analyzed each gland using proteomics and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results Our study revealed that the microbiome balance was significantly disturbed, with decreased bacterial richness, diversity, and uniformity in the groups with the SMG or SLG removed compared with the sham-operated group. We identified eight secreted proteins in the SMG and two in the SLG that could be involved in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis. Finally, we identified multiple types of cells in the SMG and SLG (including serous acinar, mucinous acinar, ductal epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells) that express potential microbiota homeostasis regulatory proteins. Our results suggest that both the SMG and SLG play crucial roles in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis via excretion. Furthermore, the contribution of the SMG in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis appears to be superior to that of the SLG. These findings also revealed the possible antimicrobial function of gland secreta. Discussion Our results suggest that control of oral microbial dysbiosis is necessary when the secretory function of the SMG or SLG is impaired. Our study could be the basis for further research on the prevention of oral diseases caused by microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingming Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Guan
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyu Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huikai Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Tianyu Zhao, ; Liang Chen,
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Tianyu Zhao, ; Liang Chen,
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Neculae E, Gosav EM, Valasciuc E, Dima N, Floria M, Tanase DM. The Oral Microbiota in Valvular Heart Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010182. [PMID: 36676130 PMCID: PMC9862471 DOI: 10.3390/life13010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral microbiota formation begins from birth, and everything from genetic components to the environment, alongside the host's behavior (such as diet, smoking, oral hygiene, and even physical activity), contributes to oral microbiota structure. Even though recent studies have focused on the gut microbiota's role in systemic diseases, the oral microbiome represents the second largest community of microorganisms, making it a new promising therapeutic target. Periodontitis and dental caries are considered the two main consequences of oral bacterial imbalance. Studies have shown that oral dysbiosis effects are not limited locally. Due to technological advancement, research identified oral bacterial species in heart valves. This evidence links oral dysbiosis with the development of valvular heart disease (VHD). This review focuses on describing the mechanism behind prolonged local inflammation and dysbiosis, that can induce bacteriemia by direct or immune-mediated mechanisms and finally VHD. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapies based on controlling oral dysbiosis, periodontal disease, and inflammation with immunological and systemic effects, that exert beneficial effects in VHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Neculae
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Seidel CL, Strobel K, Weider M, Tschaftari M, Unertl C, Willershausen I, Weber M, Hoerning A, Morhart P, Schneider M, Beckmann MW, Bogdan C, Gerlach RG, Gölz L. Orofacial clefts alter early life oral microbiome maturation towards higher levels of potentially pathogenic species: A prospective observational study. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2164147. [PMID: 36632344 PMCID: PMC9828641 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2164147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFC) present different phenotypes with a postnatal challenge for oral microbiota development. In order to investigate the impact of OFC on oral microbiota, smear samples from 15 neonates with OFC and 17 neonates without OFC were collected from two oral niches (tongue, cheek) at two time points, i.e. after birth (T0: Ø3d OFC group; Ø2d control group) and 4-5 weeks later (T1: Ø32d OFC group; Ø31d control group). Subsequently, the samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. We detected a significant increase of alpha diversity and anaerobic and Gram-negative species from T0 to T1 in both groups. Further, we found that at T1 OFC neonates presented a significantly lower alpha diversity (lowest values for high cleft severity) and significantly higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella), Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Lactocaseibacillus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Lawsonella compared to controls. Notably, neonates with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP/BCLP) presented similarities in beta diversity and a mixture with skin microbiota. However, significant differences were seen in neonates with cleft palate only compared to UCLP/BCLP with higher levels of anaerobic species. Our findings revealed an influence of OFC as well as cleft phenotype and severity on postnatal oral microbiota maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna L. Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,CONTACT Corinna L. Seidel Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 11, Erlangen91054, Germany
| | - Karin Strobel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Tschaftari
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Unertl
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ines Willershausen
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Morhart
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schneider
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman G. Gerlach
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Roman G. Gerlach Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, Erlangen91054, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Lina Gölz Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 11, Erlangen91054, Germany
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Jiang S, Zheng L, Miao Z. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and oral symptoms: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 13:1061550. [PMID: 36685839 PMCID: PMC9845290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1061550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and oral symptoms has been reported in observational studies, but the causality of GERD to oral symptoms remained unknown. We aimed to assess the causal effect of GERD on five oral symptoms (mouth ulcers, toothache, loose teeth, bleeding gums, and periodontitis) using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods: Summary-level statistics for GERD and five oral symptoms were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Rigorous quality control of genetic instruments was conducted before MR analysis. Several analytical methods, including the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, maximum likelihood, and robust adjusted profile score (RAPS) were utilized, and the results of IVW were taken as the main results. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out test were used as sensitivity analysis for quality control. Results: After Bonferroni, IVW detected a significant effect of GERD on mouth ulcers (OR = 1.008, 95% CI = 1.003-1.013, p = 0.003), loose teeth (OR = 1.009, 95% CI = 1.005-1.012, p = 9.20 × 10-7), and periodontitis (OR = 1.229, 95% CI = 1.081-1.398, p = 0.002). Consistent patterns of associations were observed across several MR models and sensitivity analysis found little evidence of bias. Nominal significant associations were observed in toothache and bleeding gums (p < 0.05), and heterogeneity was detected. Conclusion: Our MR analyses supported the positive causal effect of GERD on oral symptoms, especially for mouth ulcers, loose teeth, and periodontitis. Our findings might shed light on the mechanism of oral disease and might imply that oral care should be enhanced in patients with GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial TCM Technology Engineering Research Center of Health and Health Preservation, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Liang Zheng, ; Zhiwei Miao,
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, China,*Correspondence: Liang Zheng, ; Zhiwei Miao,
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O'Sullivan EM, Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic Identification of Saliva Proteins as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2596:147-167. [PMID: 36378438 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many biomedically relevant biomarkers are proteins with characteristic biochemical properties and a relatively restricted subcellular distribution. The comparative and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of body fluids can be particularly instrumental for the targeted identification of novel protein biomarkers with pathological relevance. In this respect, new research efforts in biomarker discovery focus on the systematic mapping of the human saliva proteome, as well as the pathobiochemical identification of disease-related modifications or concentration changes in specific saliva proteins. As a product of exocrine secretion, saliva can be considered an ideal source for the biochemical identification of new disease indicators. Importantly, saliva represents a body fluid that is continuously available for diagnostic and prognostic assessments. This chapter gives an overview of saliva proteomics, including a discussion of the usefulness of both liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for efficient protein separation in saliva proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Kolenko YG, Timokhina TO, Lynovytska OV, Cherkasova OV, Semenova IS. INDICATORS OF DENTAL HEALTH AND LOCAL IMMUNITY IN YOUNG ADULTS WHO HAVE SUFFERED FROM CORONAVIRUS INFECTION. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1443-1449. [PMID: 37463380 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202306117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To determine the dental status and state of local immunity in young adults who have suffered from the coronavirus disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The main group consisted of 30 people aged 20-22 years, who suffered from the coronavirus infection Covid19 6.1±1.2 months ago. The comparison group included 20 people who did not have a coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 35 people, randomized by age and sex, who did not have signs of caries and periodontal tissue disease and did not have coronavirus disease. All patients were examined for dental status and local immunity. RESULTS Results: The analysis of indicators of dental status revealed the possibility of the existence of a relationship between the signs of acute SARS-Cov2 viral infection and the development of caries and periodontal tissue diseases. Significant changes in the local immunity of the oral cavity were found in the examined patients, which had a pathogenetic influence on the development and progression of caries and periodontal tissue diseases: a significant increase in the level of Ig G, as well as a probable decrease in the concentration of SIg A relative to the comparison group, a probably higher normative value of pathogenic small- and medium-molecular CICs with a significant decrease in the level of physiological large-sized CICs relative to the comparison group, a decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory IL-4, as well as increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Young adults who have suffered a coronavirus infection during the last 6 months have significantly higher caries prevalence, bleeding index, PMA index and hygiene index, halitosis, which indicates deeper tissue damage and tooth pathology with the formation of dentition defects than in the comparison group. Indicators of local immunity of the oral fluid have a deep and specific character.
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Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010132. [PMID: 36611591 PMCID: PMC9819160 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva and salivary antimicrobial proteins play important roles in the innate immunity, which prevents infections of orally invading bacteria and viruses. In this study, we compared the secretion rates of salivary lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) in heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The analysis population for this study included 212 members of the fire department, including 32 HNB cigarette smokers, 17 paper cigarette smokers, 14 combined HNB and paper cigarette smokers, and 149 non-smokers. Salivary Lac and Lys concentrations were assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Saliva secretion was significantly lower among HNB cigarette smokers (p < 0.01) than among non-smokers. Accompanying this result, salivary Lac and Lys secretion rates were significantly lower among smokers, particularly HNB cigarette smokers, than among non-smokers (all p < 0.01). Our findings suggest a possible adverse effect of HNB cigarette on the amount of Lac and Lys released into the oral cavity.
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Choo PJ, Taing MW, Teoh L. A retrospective study of drugs associated with xerostomia from the Australian Database of Adverse Event Notifications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022; 30:548-553. [PMID: 36047517 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Xerostomia is a subjective sensation of dry mouth associated with many medications and increases the risk of tooth decay and other oral complications. The aim of this study was to identify unreported medications associated with dry mouth from the Australian Database of Adverse Event Notifications (ADAEN) from the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia. METHODS This was a descriptive retrospective study. A request was made to the TGA to provide all reports associated with dry mouth. De-identified reports were provided from the commencement of the database in 1971 until June 2020. Drugs were divided into established drugs that are associated with xerostomia in the primary literature and secondary drugs not reported in the primary literature. KEY FINDINGS There were 1927 individual case reports for dry mouth associated with medications. Of these, there were 1379 reports of established (primary) drugs and 1481 reports of secondary drugs associated with xerostomia. Dry mouth was found to be associated with many medication classes; analgesics, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs had the greatest number of secondary drugs reported. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive list of suspected medications associated with xerostomia has been established. This adds to the growing catalogue of medications associated with dry mouth, where several medications have not previously been identified in the primary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jin Choo
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Meng-Wong Taing
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leanne Teoh
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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