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Teixeira GR, Chuffa LGA, Mendes LO, Veras ASC, McCabe J, Favaro WJ, Pinheiro PFF, Amorim JPA, Martins OA, Mello-Junior W, Martinez FE. Strength training protects against prostate injury in alcoholic rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3675-3687. [PMID: 33305848 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic injury can alter the hormonal signaling pathway and lead to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. In this study, we investigated whether the strength training could exert protective effects against the alterations caused by ethanol consumption on prostatic metabolism. A UChB, ethanol-preferring rats were used in this study. Strength training was conducted for 3 days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a strength training protocol. The reduced alcohol consumption by strength training was accompanied by increased glucose, serum lipid profile, total protein levels, and reduced hormonal levels. The results of protein expression of prostatic tissues in the ethanol- and strength training-treated groups indicated that "steroidal hormone receptors," "fatty acid translocation," and "cell regulation" were significantly different between ethanol- and strength training-treated groups. Taken together, these findings show that strength training effectively ameliorated prostatic injuries in alcoholic rats at least partially by acting on lipids receptors and steroidal hormone receptors pathway, suggesting the strength training as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating prostate injuries caused by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, UNESP Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Multicentric Physiological Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Aracatuba, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James McCabe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wagner José Favaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campina-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Otávio Augusto Martins
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Mello-Junior
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Teixeira GR, Mendes LO, Veras ASC, Thorpe HHA, Fávaro WJ, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Pinheiro PFF, Martinez FE. Physical resistance training-induced changes in lipids metabolism pathways and apoptosis in prostate. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:14. [PMID: 31996229 PMCID: PMC6990525 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-1195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered lipid metabolism is an important characteristic of neoplastic cells, with androgens and growth factors being major regulatory agents of the lipid metabolism process. We investigated the effect of physical resistance training on lipid metabolism and apoptosis in the adult Wistar rat prostate. METHODS Two experimental groups represented sedentary and physical resistance training. Three days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a physical resistance exercise protocol. Two days after the last training session, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood and prostate analysis. RESULTS Physical exercise improved feeding efficiency, decreased weight gain, regulated the serum-lipid profile, and modulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and free testosterone concentration. Furthermore, upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and reduced lysosome membrane protein (LIMPII) expression were also observed in the blood and prostates of trained rats. Consistent with these results, caspase-3 expression was upregulating and the BCL-2/Bax index ratio was decreased in trained rats relative to sedentary animals. CONCLUSIONS In this work, physical resistance training can alter lipid metabolism and increase markers of apoptosis in the prostate, suggesting physical resistance training as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Technology and Sciences, UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Institute of Biology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, São Paulo State University, UNESP - Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Messias LHD, Gobatto CA, Beck WR, Manchado-Gobatto FB. The Lactate Minimum Test: Concept, Methodological Aspects and Insights for Future Investigations in Human and Animal Models. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28642717 PMCID: PMC5463055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1993, Uwe Tegtbur proposed a useful physiological protocol named the lactate minimum test (LMT). This test consists of three distinct phases. Firstly, subjects must perform high intensity efforts to induce hyperlactatemia (phase 1). Subsequently, 8 min of recovery are allowed for transposition of lactate from myocytes (for instance) to the bloodstream (phase 2). Right after the recovery, subjects are submitted to an incremental test until exhaustion (phase 3). The blood lactate concentration is expected to fall during the first stages of the incremental test and as the intensity increases in subsequent stages, to rise again forming a “U” shaped blood lactate kinetic. The minimum point of this curve, named the lactate minimum intensity (LMI), provides an estimation of the intensity that represents the balance between the appearance and clearance of arterial blood lactate, known as the maximal lactate steady state intensity (iMLSS). Furthermore, in addition to the iMLSS estimation, studies have also determined anaerobic parameters (e.g., peak, mean, and minimum force/power) during phase 1 and also the maximum oxygen consumption in phase 3; therefore, the LMT is considered a robust physiological protocol. Although, encouraging reports have been published in both human and animal models, there are still some controversies regarding three main factors: (1) the influence of methodological aspects on the LMT parameters; (2) LMT effectiveness for monitoring training effects; and (3) the LMI as a valid iMLSS estimator. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a balanced discussion between scientific evidence of the aforementioned issues, and insights for future investigations are suggested. In summary, further analyses is necessary to determine whether these factors are worthy, since the LMT is relevant in several contexts of health sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wladimir R Beck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São CarlosSão Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
This paper provides compelling evidence of an inverse relationship between competitive swimming rates and drowning rates using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data on fatal drowning rates and membership rates from USA Swimming, the governing organization of competitive swimming in the United States. Tobit and Poisson regression models are estimated using panel data by state from 1999-2007 separately for males, females, African Americans and whites. The strong inverse relationship between competitive swimming rates and unintentional deaths through fatal drowning is most pronounced among African Americans males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Myers
- Roy Wilkins Center for Human Relations and Social Justice, University of Minnesota, 263 Humphrey Center, 301 19Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, 612.625.9821, 612.625.3513 fax
| | - Ana M Cuesta
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 316A Ruttan Hall, 1994 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA, 612.625.1788
| | - Yufeng Lai
- Minnesota Population Center and Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 612 625 7287, 212 Ruttan Hall, 1994 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108
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Milioni F, Antunes BDMM, Teixeira-Arroyo C, Loures JP, Scariot PPM, Santos PCRD, Silva MS, Luciano E. Efeitos do exercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores sericos de ratos diabeticos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922014000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício. RESULTADOS: ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Milioni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliete Luciano
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil
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Normando VMF, Mazzoli-Rocha F, Moreira DKM, Barcellos BC, Picanço-Diniz DW, Zin WA. Regular exercise training attenuates pulmonary inflammatory responses to inhaled alumina refinery dust in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 186:53-60. [PMID: 23313853 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to alumina dust has been recently associated with impaired lung mechanics and inflammation. We aimed at evaluating if moderate exercise training prevents these outcomes. Twenty-three female BALB/c mice (25-30g) were randomly divided in two main groups: control (C) and exercise (E), which were submitted, or not, to 15min of swimming, 5 days/week during 4 weeks. Then, the animals were exposed for 1h to either saline solution (CS or ES) or to a suspension of 8mg/m(3) of alumina dust (CA or EA). Twenty-four hours later pulmonary mechanics was determined by the end-inflation occlusion method. Left lungs were prepared for histology and right lungs for TGF-β determination. Static elastance increased after alumina dust exposure independently of swimming. In CA group the viscoelastic component of elastance, the viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressure, the polymorphonuclear amount, the fraction area of alveolar collapse and TGF-β increased. Thus, exercise training may mitigate the pro-inflammatory response to inhaled aluminum refinery dust.
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De Araujo GG, Papoti M, De Barros Manchado-Gobatto F, De Mello MAR, Gobatto CA. Monitoring chronic physical stress using biomarkers, performance protocols and mathematical functions to identify physiological adaptations in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47:36-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677212473715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to characterize the effects of monotonous training at lactate minimum (LM) intensity on aerobic and anaerobic performances; glycogen concentrations in the soleus muscle, the gastrocnemius muscle and the liver; and creatine kinase (CK), free fatty acids and glucose concentrations in rats. The rats were separated into trained ( n = 10), baseline ( n = 10) and sedentary ( n = 10) groups. The trained group was submitted to the following: 60 min/day, 6 day/week and intensity equivalent to LM during the 12-week training period. The training volume was reduced after four weeks according to a sigmoid function. The total CK (U/L) increased in the trained group after 12 weeks (742.0 ± 158.5) in comparison with the baseline (319.6 ± 40.2) and the sedentary (261.6 ± 42.2) groups. Free fatty acids and glycogen stores (liver, soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle) increased after 12 weeks of monotonous training but aerobic and anaerobic performances were unchanged in relation to the sedentary group. The monotonous training at LM increased the level of energy substrates, unchanged aerobic performance, reduced anaerobic capacity and increased the serum CK concentration; however, the rats did not achieve the predicted training volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gomes De Araujo
- Laboratory of Sports Applied Physiology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), 13484-350, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Sports Science Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- University of Sao Paulo (USP), 14040-900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Sports Applied Physiology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), 13484-350, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Moura LPD, Gurjão ALD, Jambassi Filho JC, Mizuno J, Suemi C, Mello MARD. [Spirulina, exercise and serum glucose control in diabetic rats]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 56:25-32. [PMID: 22460192 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of Spirulina and/or exercise training in the control of serum glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by intravenous alloxan administration and separated into four groups: diabetic control (DC), diabetic Spirulina (DS), diabetic exercise (DE) and diabetic exercise Spirulina (DES). RESULTS There were no differences between groups with respect to: body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and blood lactate concentrations during a swimming effort test. DS group showed lower insulin concentrations when compared with DC (pancreas) and DE and DES (serum). CONCLUSION The protocols of exercise and supplementation with Spirulina used in the present study were not able to improve serum glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Departamento de Educação Física, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
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Sipal S, Halici Z, Kiki I, Polat B, Albayrak A, Albayrak F, Karakus E, Aksak S, Ozturk B, Gundogdu C. Comparative study of three angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in preventing liver fibrosis in diabetic rats: stereology, histopathology, and electron microscopy. J Mol Histol 2012; 43:723-35. [PMID: 22922994 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of liver disease in patients with progressively worsening insulin resistance may not be recognized until patients develop manifestations of the metabolic syndrome such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and vascular disease. It was aimed to investigate whether three angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) (olmesartan, losartan, and valsartan) had preventive effect against hepatic fibrosis and this was a common characteristic among ARBs. In current study, 25 adult male rats were used and divided into five groups: the non-diabetic healthy group, alloxan induced diabetic (AID) control group, AID losartan group, AID valsartan group and AID olmesartan group. According to numerical density of hepatocytes, significant difference was found between the non-diabetic healthy group and diabetic control group. All treatments groups were significant when compared to diabetic control group. In diabetic control group it was examined swelling, irregular cristae arrangement in some of mitochondria. It was also determined mitochondria membrane degeneration in some areas of section profiles. In diabetic rats treated with losartan group, there were necrotic hepatocytes. In diabetic rats treated with valsartan group, predominantly, findings were similar to losartan group. In diabetic rats treated with olmesertan group, plates of hepatocytes were quite regular. There were hardly necrotic cells. Not only other organelles such as RER, SER and lysosom but also mitochondrial structures had normal appearance. In the diabetic control group electron microscopy revealed edema in both the cytoplasm and perinuclear area and the nuclear membranes appeared damaged. In conclusion, it was established that the most protective ARB the liver in diabetic rats was olmesartan, followed by losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sare Sipal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Fang Y, Wang LP, Du FL, Liu WJ, Ren GL. Effects of insulin-like growth factor I on alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:144-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ribeiro C, Cambri LT, Dalia RA, Araújo MB, Ghezzi AC, Moura LP, Araújo GG, Botezelli JD, Mello MAR. Muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats: effects of continuous and intermittent swimming training. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012; 4:5. [PMID: 22309804 PMCID: PMC3292999 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous swimming training on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats. METHODS Wistar rats were used and divided into six groups: sedentary alloxan (SA), sedentary control (SC), continuous trained alloxan (CA), intermittent trained alloxan (IA), continuous trained control (CC) and intermittent trained control (IC). Alloxan (250 mg/kg body weight) was injected into newborn rats at 6 days of age. The continuous training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training in individual cylinder tanks while supporting a load that was 5% of body weight; uninterrupted swimming for 1 h/day, five days a week. The intermittent training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training in individual cylinder tanks while supporting a load that was 15% of body weight; 30 s of activity interrupted by 30 s of rest for a total of 20 min/day, five days a week. RESULTS At 28 days, the alloxan animals displayed higher glycemia after glucose overload than the control animals. No differences in insulinemia among the groups were detected. At 120 days, no differences in serum albumin and total protein among the groups were observed. Compared to the other groups, DNA concentrations were higher in the alloxan animals that were subjected to continuous training, whereas the DNA/protein ratio was higher in the alloxan animals that were subjected to intermittent training. CONCLUSION It was concluded that continuous and intermittent training sessions were effective in altering muscle growth by hyperplasia and hypertrophy, respectively, in alloxan-administered animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Lucieli T Cambri
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Dalia
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Michel B Araújo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Ana C Ghezzi
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Leandro P Moura
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Araújo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Jose D Botezelli
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Maria AR Mello
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
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Moura LP, Puga GM, Beck WR, Teixeira IP, Ghezzi AC, Silva GA, Mello MAR. Exercise and spirulina control non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and lipid profile in diabetic Wistar rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:77. [PMID: 21569626 PMCID: PMC3112424 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic dysfunctions, including alterations in circulating lipid levels and fat tissue accumulation, which causes, among other pathologies, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of physical exercise and spirulina intake on the control of NAFLD in diabetic Wistar rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced in the animals through intravenous administration of alloxan. The rats were divided into four groups: Diabetic Control (DC) - diabetic rats fed with a control diet and no physical exercise; Diabetic Spirulina (DS) - diabetic rats fed with a diet that included spirulina; Diabetic Spirulina and Exercise (DSE) - diabetic rats fed with a diet that included Spirulina and that exercised; and Diabetic Exercise (DE) - diabetic rats fed with a control diet and that exercised. RESULTS The groups DS, DSE, and DE presented lower plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol than DC, as well as lower levels of total liver lipids in groups DS, DSE, and DE in comparison to DC. CONCLUSION Thus, spirulina appears to be effective in reducing total circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol and hepatic lipids, alone or in conjunction with physical exercise in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro P Moura
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Puga
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Wladimir R Beck
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Inaian P Teixeira
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ghezzi
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Gláucio A Silva
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice R Mello
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Department of Physical Education. Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and exercise. Av 24A, 1.515, Bela Vista - 13.506-900 - Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise. Lab Anim Res 2011; 27:29-36. [PMID: 21826157 PMCID: PMC3145980 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.
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de Oliveira CAM, Paiva MF, Mota CAS, Ribeiro C, de Almeida Leme JAC, Luciano E, de Mello MAR. Exercise at anaerobic threshold intensity and insulin secretion by isolated pancreatic islets of rats. Islets 2010; 2:240-6. [PMID: 21099318 PMCID: PMC3322538 DOI: 10.4161/isl.2.4.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of acute exercise and exercise training at the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity on aerobic conditioning and insulin secretion by pancreatic islets, adult male Wistar rats were submitted to the lactate minimum test (LMT) for AT determination. Half of the animals were submitted to swimming exercise training (trained), 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 8 weeks, with an overload equivalent to the AT. The other half was kept sedentary (sedentary). At the end of the experimental period, the rats were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test and to another LMT. Then, the animals were sacrificed at rest or immediately after 20 minutes of swimming exercise at the AT intensity for pancreatic islets isolation. At the end of the experiment mean workload (% bw) at AT was higher and blood lactate concentration (mmol/L) was lower in the trained than in the control group. Rats trained at the AT intensity showed no alteration in the areas under blood glucose and insulin during OGTT test. Islet insulin content of trained rats was higher than in the sedentary rats while islet glucose uptake did not differ among the groups. The static insulin secretion in response to the high glucose concentration (16.7 mM) of the sedentary group at rest was lower than the sedentary group submitted to the acute exercise and the inverse was observed in relation to the trained groups. Physical training at the AT intensity improved the aerobic condition and altered insulin secretory pattern by pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carla Ribeiro
- Department of Physical Education; Unesp; São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eliete Luciano
- Department of Physical Education; Unesp; São Paulo, Brazil
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Cunha VNDC, Cunha RRD, Segundo PR, Moreira SR, Simões HG. Treinamento de natação na intensidade do limiar anaeróbio melhora a aptidão funcional de ratos idosos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio em intensidade relativa ao limiar de lactato (LL) foram analisados em 15 ratos idosos (~448 dias de vida). Os grupos de animais treinados (n=9) e controle (n=6) foram submetidos a um teste antes e após quatro semanas de treinamento. O teste incremental consistiu de uma carga inicial de 1% do peso corporal e incrementos de 1% a cada três minutos, com mensurações de lactato sanguíneo para identificação do LL por inspeção visual do ponto de inflexão da curva. O programa de treinamento consistiu de 30 minutos de natação/dia, cinco dias/semana, com sobrecarga de 5% do peso corporal (PC), ou controle sem exercício. Foi observado aumento significativo na intensidade do LL após o treinamento (pré = 4,5 ± 1,1 vs. Pós = 5.4 ± 0.9% PC). A carga máxima atingida ao final do teste incremental aumentou significativamente de 39,7 ± 7,5g no pré para 48,4 ± 10,5g no pós treinamento, sem mudanças para o grupo controle (44,7 ± 8 vs. 45,3 ± 9,3g). O peso corporal do grupo treinado não apresentou diferença como resultado de quatro semanas de natação em intensidade correspondente ao LL (641,0 ±62,0 para 636,0 ± 72.7g; p>0.05). Por outro lado, o grupo não treinado aumentou significativamente o PC de 614,0 ± 8,0 para 643,0 ± 74,1g. A carga máxima atingida expressa tanto em valores absolutos como relativos (%PC) aumentou significativamente após o treinamento. Conclui-se que quatro semanas de treinamento de natação em intensidade correspondente ao limiar de lactato resultou em uma melhora da aptidão aeróbia e na manutenção do peso corporal em ratos idosos.
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Soares de Alencar Mota C, Ribeiro C, de Araújo GG, de Araújo MB, de Barros Manchado-Gobatto F, Voltarelli FA, de Oliveira CAM, Luciano E, de Mello MAR. Exercise training in the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition prevents glucose intolerance in alloxan-treated rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 8:11. [PMID: 18828926 PMCID: PMC2567313 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ninety percent of cases of diabetes are of the slowly evolving non-insulin-dependent type, or Type 2 diabetes. Lack of exercise is regarded as one of the main causes of this disorder. In this study we analyzed the effects of physical exercise on glucose homeostasis in adult rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a neonatal injection of alloxan. METHODS Female Wistar rats aged 6 days were injected with either 250 mg/kg of body weight of alloxan or citrate buffer 0.01 M (controls). After weaning, half of the animals in each group were subjected to physical training adjusted to meet the aerobic-anaerobic metabolic transition by swimming 1 h/day for 5 days a week with weight overloads. The necessary overload used was set and periodically readjusted for each rat through effort tests based on the maximal lactate steady state procedure. When aged 28, 60, 90, and 120 days, the rats underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and their peripheral insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the HOMA index. RESULTS The area under the serum glucose curve obtained through GTT was always higher in alloxan-treated animals than in controls. A decrease in this area was observed in trained alloxan-treated rats at 90 and 120 days old compared with non-trained animals. At 90 days old the trained controls showed lower HOMA indices than the non-trained controls. CONCLUSION Neonatal administration of alloxan induced a persistent glucose intolerance in all injected rats, which was successfully counteracted by physical training in the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ribeiro
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Unesp, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gomes de Araújo
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Unesp, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Barbosa de Araújo
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Unesp, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eliete Luciano
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Unesp, SP, Brazil
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