1
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Zirbes M, Graßl T, Neuber R, Waldvogel SR. Peroxodicarbonate as a Green Oxidizer for the Selective Degradation of Kraft Lignin into Vanillin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219217. [PMID: 36719064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the world's largest resource of renewable aromatics, with annually roughly 50 million tons of accruing technical lignin, mainly Kraft lignin, is highly underdeveloped regarding the production of monoaromatics. We demonstrate the oxidative depolymerization of Kraft lignin at 180 °C to produce vanillin 1 in yields up to 6.2 wt % and 92 % referred to the maximum yield gained from the quantification reaction utilizing nitrobenzene. Using peroxodicarbonate (C2 O6 2- ) as "green" oxidizer for the degradation, toxic and/or harmful reagents are prevented. Also, the formed waste can serve as makeup chemical in the pulping process. Na2 C2 O6 is synthesized in an ex-cell electrolysis of aqueous Na2 CO3 at BDD anodes, achieving a yield of Na2 C2 O6 with 41 %. At least, the oxidation and degradation of Kraft lignin is analysis via UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zirbes
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Graßl
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhofer Straße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Rieke Neuber
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhofer Straße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Electrochemical Valorization of Lignin: Status, Challenges, and Prospects. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Wan Z, Zhang H, Guo Y, Li H. Advances in Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyuanye Wan
- Zhouyuanye Wan Prof. Dr. Yanzhu Guo Prof. Dr. Haiming Li Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116034 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing 100102 China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Zhouyuanye Wan Prof. Dr. Yanzhu Guo Prof. Dr. Haiming Li Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116034 China
| | - Haiming Li
- Zhouyuanye Wan Prof. Dr. Yanzhu Guo Prof. Dr. Haiming Li Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116034 China
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4
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Huang J, Jian Y, Zhou M, Wu H. Oxidative C−C bond cleavage of lignin via electrocatalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:1007707. [PMID: 36186593 PMCID: PMC9522476 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1007707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, which is an important component of biomass in nature and is constantly produced in industry, becomes potential raw material for sustainable production of fine chemicals and biofuels. Electrocatalysis has been extensively involved in the activation of simple molecules and cleavage-recasting of complex scaffolds in an elegant environment. As such, electrocatalytic cleavage of C−C(O) in β-O-4 model molecules of lignin to value-added chemicals has received much attention in recent years. This mini-review introduces various anodes (e.g., Pb, Pt, Ni, Co., and Ir) developed for electro-oxidative lignin degradation (EOLD) under mild conditions. Attention was placed to understand the conversion pathways and involved reaction mechanisms during EOLD, with emphasis on the product distribution caused by different electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yumei Jian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongguo Wu,
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5
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Li P, Zhou H, Tao Y, Ren J, Wu C, Wu W. Recent Development and Perspectives of Solvents and Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Oxidative Degradation of Lignin. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Ayub R, Raheel A. High-Value Chemicals from Electrocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignin: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073767. [PMID: 35409138 PMCID: PMC8999055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is renewable and one of the most abundant sources for the production of high-value chemicals, materials, and fuels. It is of immense importance to develop new efficient technologies for the industrial production of chemicals by utilizing renewable resources. Lignocellulosic biomass can potentially replace fossil-based chemistries. The production of fuel and chemicals from lignin powered by renewable electricity under ambient temperatures and pressures enables a more sustainable way to obtain high-value chemicals. More specifically, in a sustainable biorefinery, it is essential to valorize lignin to enhance biomass transformation technology and increase the overall economy of the process. Strategies regarding electrocatalytic approaches as a way to valorize or depolymerize lignin have attracted significant interest from growing scientific communities over the recent decades. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the electrocatalytic methods for depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass with an emphasis on untargeted depolymerization as well as the selective and targeted mild synthesis of high-value chemicals. Electrocatalytic cleavage of model compounds and further electrochemical upgrading of bio-oils are discussed. Finally, some insights into current challenges and limitations associated with this approach are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- RISE Processum AB, Bioeconomy and Health Division, SE-891 22 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
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7
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Homann J, Zirbes M, Arndt‐Engelbart M, Scholz D, Waldvogel SR, Hoffmann T. Development of a Method for Anodic Degradation of Lignin for the Analysis of Paleo‐Vegetation Proxies in Speleothems. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Homann
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Meiko Arndt‐Engelbart
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Denis Scholz
- Institute for Geosciences Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephen Maldonado
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Cui T, Ma L, Wang S, Ye C, Liang X, Zhang Z, Meng G, Zheng L, Hu HS, Zhang J, Duan H, Wang D, Li Y. Atomically Dispersed Pt-N 3C 1 Sites Enabling Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic C-C Bond Cleavage in Lignin Models under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9429-9439. [PMID: 34138542 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of C-C linkages is the key and a challenge for lignin degradation to harvest value-added aromatic compounds. To this end, electrocatalytic oxidation presents a promising technique by virtue of mild reaction conditions and strong sustainability. However, the existing electrocatalysts (traditional bulk metal and metal oxides) for C-C bond oxidative cleavage suffer from poor selectivity and low product yields. We show for the first time that atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites planted on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Pt1/N-CNTs), constructed via a stepwise polymerization-carbonization-electrostatic adsorption strategy, are highly active and selective toward Cα-Cβ bond cleavage in β-O-4 model compounds under ambient conditions. Pt1/N-CNTs exhibits 99% substrate conversion with 81% yield of benzaldehyde, which is exceptional and unprecedented compared with previously reported electrocatalysts. Moreover, Pt1/N-CNTs using only 0.41 wt % Pt achieved a much higher benzaldehyde yield than those of the state-of-the-art bulk Pt electrode (100 wt % Pt) and commercial Pt/C catalyst (20 wt % Pt). Systematic experimental investigation together with density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the superior performance of Pt1/N-CNTs arises from the atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites facilitating the formation of a key Cβ radical intermediate, further inducing a radical/radical cross-coupling path to break the Cα-Cβ bond. This work opens up opportunities in lignin valorization via a green and sustainable electrochemical route with ultralow noble metal usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy & State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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An Investigation of a (Vinylbenzyl) Trimethylammonium and N-Vinylimidazole-Substituted Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene) Copolymer as an Anion-Exchange Membrane in a Lignin-Oxidising Electrolyser. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060425. [PMID: 34199371 PMCID: PMC8226880 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrolysis is seen as a promising route for the production of hydrogen from water, as part of a move to a wider “hydrogen economy”. The electro-oxidation of renewable feedstocks offers an alternative anode couple to the (high-overpotential) electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction for developing low-voltage electrolysers. Meanwhile, the exploration of new membrane materials is also important in order to try and reduce the capital costs of electrolysers. In this work, we synthesise and characterise a previously unreported anion-exchange membrane consisting of a fluorinated polymer backbone grafted with imidazole and trimethylammonium units as the ion-conducting moieties. We then investigate the use of this membrane in a lignin-oxidising electrolyser. The new membrane performs comparably to a commercially-available anion-exchange membrane (Fumapem) for this purpose over short timescales (delivering current densities of 4.4 mA cm−2 for lignin oxidation at a cell potential of 1.2 V at 70 °C during linear sweep voltammetry), but membrane durability was found to be a significant issue over extended testing durations. This work therefore suggests that membranes of the sort described herein might be usefully employed for lignin electrolysis applications if their robustness can be improved.
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11
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Al-Hunaiti A, Ghazzy A, Sweidan N, Mohaidat Q, Bsoul I, Mahmood S, Hussein T. Nano-Magnetic NiFe 2O 4 and Its Photocatalytic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol-Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Valorization of Lignin. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041010. [PMID: 33920911 PMCID: PMC8071345 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a phyto-mediated bimetallic (NiFe2O4) preparation using a Boswellia carterii extract, which was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, electron microscopy, magnetic spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. The prepared nano-catalysts were tested for oxidation of lignin monomer molecules-vanillyl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol. In comparison with previously reported methods, the nano NiFe2O4 catalysts showed high photocatalytic activity and selectivity, under visible light irradiation with a nitroxy radical initiator (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; TEMPO) at room temperature and aerobic conditions. The multifold advantages of the catalyst both in terms of reduced catalyst loading and ambient temperature conditions were manifested by higher conversion of the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Asma Ghazzy
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Nuha Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Qassem Mohaidat
- Department of Physics, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Ibrahim Bsoul
- Department of Physics, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 13040, Jordan;
| | - Sami Mahmood
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tareq Hussein
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: or
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12
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Kumaravel S, Thiruvengetam P, Karthick K, Sankar SS, Karmakar A, Kundu S. Green and sustainable route for oxidative depolymerization of lignin: New platform for fine chemicals and fuels. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3111. [PMID: 33336509 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depolymerization of lignin biomass to its value-added chemicals and fuels is pivotal for achieving the goals for sustainable society, and therefore has acquired key interest among the researchers worldwide. A number of distinct approaches have evolved in literature for the deconstruction of lignin framework to its mixture of complex constituents in recent decades. Among the existing practices, special attention has been devoted for robust site selective chemical transformation in the complex structural frameworks of lignin. Despite the initial challenges over a period of time, oxidation and oxidative cleavage process of aromatic building blocks of lignin biomass toward the fine chemical synthesis and fuel generation has improved substantially. The development has improved in terms of cost effectiveness, milder reaction conditions, and purity of compound individuals. These aforementioned oxidative protocols mainly involve the breaking of C-C and C-O bonds of complex lignin frameworks. More precisely in the line with environmentally friendly greener approach, the catalytic oxidation/oxidative cleavage reactions have received wide spread interest for their mild and selective nature toward the lignin depolymerization. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the field of oxidative depolymerization of lignin under greener and environmentally benign conditions. Also, these oxidation protocols have been discussed in terms of scalability and recyclability as catalysts for different fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Kumaravel
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Kannimuthu Karthick
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Selvasundarasekar Sam Sankar
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Arun Karmakar
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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13
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A Techno-economic Analysis for Integrating an Electrochemical Reactor into a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery for Production of Industrial Chemicals and Hydrogen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:791-806. [PMID: 33184765 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a techno-economic analysis for integrating an electrochemical reactor into a lignocellulosic biorefinery for the purpose of converting biorefinery lignin to higher-value industrial chemicals with co-generation of hydrogen. We consider how the electrochemical reactor impacts the manufacturing costs for producing biofuel and determine a break-even value for the lignin oxidation product stream, which is the minimum lignin conversion product stream value that renders the cost to produce biofuel the same as in the typical biorefinery concept. We conclude that at low extents of lignin conversion, the break-even product stream value is likely too high for the process to be feasible. However, at higher extents of lignin conversion, the break-even product stream value may be between $1.00 and $2.00/kg, depending on capital cost and other manufacturing costs like depreciation. Potential markets for the biomass conversion products include resin manufacturing, where the products would compete with petroleum-derived resin precursors.
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14
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Garedew M, Lin F, Song B, DeWinter TM, Jackson JE, Saffron CM, Lam CH, Anastas PT. Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4214-4237. [PMID: 32460408 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization is essential for biorefineries to produce fuels and chemicals for a sustainable future. Today's biorefineries pursue profitable value propositions for cellulose and hemicellulose; however, lignin is typically used mainly for its thermal energy value. To enhance the profit potential for biorefineries, lignin valorization would be a necessary practice. Lignin valorization is greatly advantaged when biomass carbon is retained in the fuel and chemical products and when energy quality is enhanced by electrochemical upgrading. Though lignin upgrading and valorization are very desirable in principle, many barriers involved in lignin pretreatment, extraction, and depolymerization must be overcome to unlock its full potential. This Review addresses the electrochemical transformation of various lignins with the aim of gaining a better understanding of many of the barriers that currently exist in such technologies. These studies give insight into electrochemical lignin depolymerization and upgrading to value-added commodities with the end goal of achieving a global low-carbon circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet Garedew
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3020, New Zealand
| | - Tamara M DeWinter
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Christopher M Saffron
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chun Ho Lam
- City University of Hong Kong, School of Energy and Environment, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Paul T Anastas
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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15
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Du X, Zhang H, Sullivan KP, Gogoi P, Deng Y. Electrochemical Lignin Conversion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4318-4343. [PMID: 33448690 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatic compounds, making the recovery of aromatic compounds from this material a significant scientific goal. Recently, many studies have reported on lignin depolymerization and upgrading strategies. Electrochemical approaches are considered to be low cost, reagent free, and environmentally friendly, and can be carried out under mild reaction conditions. In this Review, different electrochemical lignin conversion strategies, including electrooxidation, electroreduction, hybrid electro-oxidation and reduction, and combinations of electrochemical and other processes (e. g., biological, solar) for lignin depolymerization and upgrading are discussed in detail. In addition to lignin conversion, electrochemical lignin fractionation from biomass and black liquor is also briefly discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges for electrochemical lignin conversion are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Du
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Haichuan Zhang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 303320620, USA
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kevin P Sullivan
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Parikshit Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Nowgong College, Nagaon, 782001, Assam, India
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 303320620, USA
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16
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Chang X, van der Zalm J, Thind SS, Chen A. Reprint of "Electrochemical oxidation of lignin at electrochemically reduced TiO2 nanotubes". J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Phyto-Mediated Catalyst, and Its Application for a Selective Oxidation of (VAL) into Vanillin under Visible Light. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an efficient and highly selective oxidation of lignin model substrate using phyto-mediated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle using Boswellia carterii extract. The nanocatalyst with an average size of 8 nm showed excellent photocatalytic activity of the synthesized carbonyl containing products under visible light irradiation. The catalytic activity and selectivity towards oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin with selectivity up to 99% at conversion over 98% and turn-over frequency values up to 1600 h−1 were obtained in the presence of H2O2 and base. The cubic spinel nano-ZnFe2O4 catalyst was characterized by powder-XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM and Mössbauer analysis. The demonstrated catalyst was robust and stable under the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it was easy to be separated from the reaction mixture and be reused for subsequent reactions up to 5 times without significant reactivity or selectivity loss.
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18
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Electrochemical oxidative valorization of lignin by the nanostructured PbO2/MWNTs electrocatalyst in a low-energy depolymerization process. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-020-01451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Huang L, Li D, Liu J, Yang L, Dai C, Ren N, Feng Y. Construction of TiO 2 nanotube clusters on Ti mesh for immobilizing Sb-SnO 2 to boost electrocatalytic phenol degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122329. [PMID: 32126423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Sb-doped SnO2 electrode featuring superior electrocatalytic characteristic and long stability was constructed by adopting clustered TiO2 nanotubes-covered Ti mesh as substrate (M-TNTs-SnO2). Compared with the electrodes prepared with mere Ti mesh or Ti plate grew with TiO2 nanotube, the M-TNTs-SnO2 exhibited higher TOC removal (99.97 %) and mineralization current efficiency (44.0 %), and longer accelerated service lifetime of 105 h for electrochemical degradation of phenol. The enhanced performance was mainly ascribed to the introduction of mutually self-supported TiO2 nanotube clusters in different orientations. Such unique structure not only favored a compact and smooth surface of catalyst layer which improved the stability of electrode by reinforcing the binding force between substrate and catalyst layer, but also increased the loading capacity for catalysts, leading to 1.5-2.2 times higher of ·OH generation, the main active species for indirect electrochemical oxidation of phenol. Meanwhile, the transverse electron transfer from TiO2 nanotube to catalyst layer was possibly achieved to further prompt the generation of ·OH. This study may provide a feasible option to design of efficient electrodes for electrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Da Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Changchao Dai
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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20
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Chen J, Yang H, Fu H, He H, Zeng Q, Li X. Electrochemical oxidation mechanisms for selective products due to C-O and C-C cleavages of β-O-4 linkages in lignin model compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11508-11518. [PMID: 32393942 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation is a promising and effective method for lignin depolymerization owing to its selective oxidation capacity and environmental friendliness. Herein, the electrooxidation of non-phenolic alkyl aryl ether monomers and β-O-4 dimers was experimentally (by cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) and theoretically (by DFT calculations) explored in detail. Compared to the reported literature (T. Shiraishi, T. Takano, H. Kamitakahara and F. Nakatsubo, Holzforschung, 2012, 66(3), 303-309), 1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethanol showed a distinguishable oxidation pathway, where the resulting carbonyl product surprisingly underwent a bond cleavage on alkyl-aryl ether to ultimately produce a quinoid like compound. In contrast, β-O-4 dimers, like 2-phenoxy-1-phenethanol and 2-phenoxyacetophenone also demonstrated electrochemical oxidation induced by Cβ-O and Cα-Cβ bond cleavages. For the oxidation products, the presence of the Cα-hydroxyl group in dimers was the key to selectively generate aldehyde-containing species under mild electrochemical conditions, otherwise it produces alcohol-containing products following a different mechanism compared to the Cα[double bond, length as m-dash]O containing dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
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21
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Chang X, van der Zalm J, Thind SS, Chen A. Electrochemical oxidation of lignin at electrochemically reduced TiO2 nanotubes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Smaili F, Benchettara A. Electrocatalytic Efficiency of PbO2 in Water Decontamination. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Li J, Su M, Wang A, Wu Z, Chen Y, Qin D, Jiang Z. In Situ Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Mesoporous TiO 2 Films Decorated on Bamboo via Self-Sacrificing Reduction to Synthesize Nanocomposites with Efficient Antifungal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5497. [PMID: 31694142 PMCID: PMC6862692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel green approach for the in situ fabrication of Ag NPs in mesoporous TiO2 films via the bamboo self-sacrificing reduction of Ag(NH3)2+ ions, which can inhibit fungal growth on the bamboo surface. Mesoporous anatase TiO2 (MT) films were first synthesized on bamboo via a hydrothermal method. Then, Ag NPs with a 5.3 nm mean diameter were incorporated into the pore channels of optimal MT/bamboo (MTB) samples at room temperature without the addition of reducing agents, such that the Ag NPs were almost entirely embedded into the MT films. Our analysis indicated that the solubilized lignin from bamboo, which is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, serves as a green reductant for reducing the Ag(NH3)2+ ions to Ag NPs. Antifungal experiments with Trichoderma viride under dark conditions highlighted that the antifungal activity of the Ag/MT/bamboo samples were greater than those of naked bamboo, MTB, and Ag/bamboo, suggesting that these hybrid nanomaterials produce a synergistic antifungal effect that is unrelated to photoactivity. The inhibition of Penicillium citrinum effectively followed a similar trend. This newly developed bamboo protection method may provide a sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient method for enhancing the antifungal characteristics of traditional bamboo, having the potential to prolong the service life of bamboo materials, particularly under dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Minglei Su
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Anke Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zaixing Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Daochun Qin
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zehui Jiang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
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24
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Palkovits S, Palkovits R. The Role of Electrochemistry in Future Dynamic Bio‐Refineries: A Focus on (Non‐)Kolbe Electrolysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Palkovits
- RWTH Aachen UniversityChair of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Technology, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- RWTH Aachen UniversityChair of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Technology, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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25
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26
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Di Marino D, Jestel T, Marks C, Viell J, Blindert M, Kriescher SMA, Spiess AC, Wessling M. Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Jestel
- AVT.EPT Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | | | - Jörn Viell
- AVT.SVT Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - Antje C. Spiess
- AVT.EPT Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
- ibvt - Institute of Biochemical Engineering Rebenring 56 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- AVT.CVT Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
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27
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Feng W, Deletic A, Wang Z, Zhang X, Gengenbach T, McCarthy DT. Electrochemical oxidation disinfects urban stormwater: Major disinfection mechanisms and longevity tests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1440-1447. [PMID: 30235629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although electrochemical oxidation (ECO) has shown excellent potential for disinfecting wastewater and surface waters, its application on urban stormwater has been rarely tested. In order to improve stormwater ECO design, this paper explores the major inactivation processes using Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) and titanium Dimensional Stable Anodes (DSA). Both BDD and DSA showed comparable disinfection rates. The mechanism study suggested that BDD relied on hydroxyl radical and the presence of chloride ions, while DSA disinfected stormwater mainly via the production of free‑chlorine. A deterioration study carried out at a catchment in Melbourne, showed a steady performance for BDD and revealed that DSA's performance degraded with time, likely linked to the high operational voltage required for specific chemistry of stormwater. Scanning Electron Microscopes and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector tests confirmed elemental losses occurred on the DSA surface, together with an aluminium/silicon coating layer potentially sourced from the stormwater clayish sediments. Furthermore, disinfection by-products in electrochemical disinfected stormwater using either BDD or DSA were at least one order of magnitude lower than the Australia Drinking Water Guidelines limits. The mechanism and long-term study demonstrated that careful anode selection is required as some anodes will deteriorate in stormwater matrices faster than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Feng
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash Infrastructure Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash Infrastructure Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhouyou Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Gengenbach
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), VIC 3168, Australia
| | - David T McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash Infrastructure Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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28
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Oxidative conversion of lignin over cobalt-iron mixed oxides prepared via the alginate gelation. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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29
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Ye J, Lou X, Wu C, Wu S, Ding M, Sun L, Jia C. Ion Selectivity and Stability Enhancement of SPEEK/Lignin Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: The Degree of Sulfonation Effect. Front Chem 2018; 6:549. [PMID: 30483496 PMCID: PMC6240590 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A membrane of high ion selectivity, high stability, and low cost is desirable for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). In this study, a composite membrane is formed by blending the sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) with lignin (SPEEK/lignin), and optimized by tailoring the degree of sulfonation. The incorporation of lignin into the SPEEK matrix provides more proton transport pathway and meanwhile adjusts the water channel to repulse vanadium ions. The VRB cells assembled with the composite membranes exhibit high coulombic efficiency (~99.27%) and impressive energy efficiency (~82.75%). The cells maintain a discharge capacity of ~95% after 100 cycles and ~85% after 200 cycles at 120 mA cm−2, much higher than the commercial Nafion 212. The SPEEK/lignin composite membranes are promising for application in VRB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuechun Lou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuankun Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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30
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Naseer A, Jamshaid A, Hamid A, Muhammad N, Ghauri M, Iqbal J, Rafiq S, khuram S, Shah NS. Lignin and Lignin Based Materials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water-An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Water Pollution through heavy metals is the concerned issue as many industries like tanning, steel production and electroplating are the major contributors. Various toxic Heavy metals are a matter of concern as they have severe environmental and health effects. Most commonly, conventional methods are using to remove these heavy metals like precipitation, ion exchange, which are not economical and have disposal issues. Adsorption of heavy metals by different low-cost adsorbents seems to be the best option in wastewater treatment. Many agricultural by-products proved to be suitable as low-cost adsorbents for removing heavy metals efficiently in a minimum time. Lignin residues that involves both agricultural and wood residues and sometimes separated out from black liquor through precipitation have adsorption capacity and affinity comparable to other natural adsorbents. However, lignin as bio adsorbents have the advantage of less cost and gives efficient adsorption results. This study is a review of the recent literature on the use of natural lignin residues for heavy metals adsorption under different experimental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Naseer
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Chemistry , Kinnaird College for Women , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Anum Jamshaid
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Chemistry , Kinnaird College for Women , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Almas Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Chemistry , Kinnaird College for Women , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Moinuddin Ghauri
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences , Zayed University , 144534 Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates , Tel.: +971559188346
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Shahzad khuram
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Vehari , Pakistan
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31
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Den W, Sharma VK, Lee M, Nadadur G, Varma RS. Lignocellulosic Biomass Transformations via Greener Oxidative Pretreatment Processes: Access to Energy and Value-Added Chemicals. Front Chem 2018; 6:141. [PMID: 29755972 PMCID: PMC5934431 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change, principally induced by the large volume of carbon dioxide emission from the global economy driven by fossil fuels, has been observed and scientifically proven as a major threat to civilization. Meanwhile, fossil fuel depletion has been identified as a future challenge. Lignocellulosic biomass in the form of organic residues appears to be the most promising option as renewable feedstock for the generation of energy and platform chemicals. As of today, relatively little bioenergy comes from lignocellulosic biomass as compared to feedstock such as starch and sugarcane, primarily due to high cost of production involving pretreatment steps required to fragment biomass components via disruption of the natural recalcitrant structure of these rigid polymers; low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of refractory feedstock presents a major challenge. The valorization of lignin and cellulose into energy products or chemical products is contingent on the effectiveness of selective depolymerization of the pretreatment regime which typically involve harsh pyrolytic and solvothermal processes assisted by corrosive acids or alkaline reagents. These unselective methods decompose lignin into many products that may not be energetically or chemically valuable, or even biologically inhibitory. Exploring milder, selective and greener processes, therefore, has become a critical subject of study for the valorization of these materials in the last decade. Efficient alternative activation processes such as microwave- and ultrasound irradiation are being explored as replacements for pyrolysis and hydrothermolysis, while milder options such as advanced oxidative and catalytic processes should be considered as choices to harsher acid and alkaline processes. Herein, we critically abridge the research on chemical oxidative techniques for the pretreatment of lignocellulosics with the explicit aim to rationalize the objectives of the biomass pretreatment step and the problems associated with the conventional processes. The mechanisms of reaction pathways, selectivity and efficiency of end-products obtained using greener processes such as ozonolysis, photocatalysis, oxidative catalysis, electrochemical oxidation, and Fenton or Fenton-like reactions, as applied to depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass are summarized with deliberation on future prospects of biorefineries with greener pretreatment processes in the context of the life cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Den
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Virender K. Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mengshan Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Govind Nadadur
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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32
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Du L, Shao Y, Sun J, Yin G, Du C, Wang Y. Electrocatalytic valorisation of biomass derived chemicals. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in electro-valorization of biomass-derived intermediates is reviewed, while a perspective on future R&D in this field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Junming Sun
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Geping Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Chunyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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33
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Jia Y, Wen Y, Han X, Qi J, Liu Z, Zhang S, Li G. Electrocatalytic degradation of rice straw lignin in alkaline solution through oxidation on a Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 anode and reduction on an iron or tin doped titanium cathode. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel procedure for selective production of biomass-based compounds by electrochemical conversion has been developed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Jia
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yeqian Wen
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiao Han
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jian Qi
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Songmei Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Gang Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
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34
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Gao J, Yan J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo Z. A novel electro-catalytic degradation method of phenol wastewater with Ti/IrO 2-Ta 2O 5 anodes in high-gravity fields. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:662-670. [PMID: 28759448 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the electro-catalytic degradation process of phenol wastewater, bubbles and mass transfer limitation will result in the decrease in wastewater degradation efficiency, a long electrolysis time and a high energy consumption. Self-made Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anodes and a high-gravity electro-catalytic reactor were used to improve them. The Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode was prepared with a thermal decomposition method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of phenol, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) respectively reached 94.77%, 50.96% and 41.2% after 2 h electrolysis in the high-gravity field, which were respectively 10.93%, 16.72% and 24.84% higher than those in the normal gravity field. For about the same removal efficiencies, the electrolysis time and energy consumed in the high-gravity field were 33.3% and 15.4% lower than those consumed in the normal gravity field, respectively. The degradation pathway of phenol detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was unchanged in the high-gravity field, but the degradation rate of phenol increased. The Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode provided good stability because the removal efficiencies of phenol and TOC decreased slightly and the surface morphology of the coating was almost unchanged when it had been used in electrolysis for 11 months, about 1,200 h, in the high-gravity field. Results indicated that the phenol wastewater degradation efficiency was improved, the time was shortened, and the energy consumption was reduced in the high-gravity field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Junjuan Yan
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Youzhi Liu
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China
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35
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Bosque I, Magallanes G, Rigoulet M, Kärkäs MD, Stephenson CRJ. Redox Catalysis Facilitates Lignin Depolymerization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:621-628. [PMID: 28691074 PMCID: PMC5492418 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a recalcitrant and underexploited natural feedstock for aromatic commodity chemicals, and its degradation generally requires the use of high temperatures and harsh reaction conditions. Herein we present an ambient temperature one-pot process for the controlled oxidation and depolymerization of this potent resource. Harnessing the potential of electrocatalytic oxidation in conjugation with our photocatalytic cleavage methodology, we have developed an operationally simple procedure for selective fragmentation of β-O-4 bonds with excellent mass recovery, which provides a unique opportunity to expand the existing lignin usage from energy source to commodity chemicals and synthetic building block source.
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36
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Shao D, Chu W, Li X, Yan W, Xu H. Electrochemical oxidation of guaiacol to increase its biodegradability or just remove COD in terms of anodes and electrolytes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti/Sb-SnO2 and Ti/Pb3O4 were compared to treat or pretreat (before biotreatment) guaiacol solution by electrochemical oxidation in different electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
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37
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Li C, Zhao X, Wang A, Huber GW, Zhang T. Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11559-624. [PMID: 26479313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1000] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Li
- State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - George W Huber
- State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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38
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Vargas R, Borrás C, Méndez D, Mostany J, Scharifker BR. Electrochemical oxygen transfer reactions: electrode materials, surface processes, kinetic models, linear free energy correlations, and perspectives. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Hao X, Quansheng Y, Dan S, Honghui Y, Jidong L, Jiangtao F, Wei Y. Fabrication and characterization of PbO2 electrode modified with [Fe(CN)6](3-) and its application on electrochemical degradation of alkali lignin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:509-516. [PMID: 25603300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PbO2 electrode modified by [Fe(CN)6](3-) (marked as FeCN-PbO2) was prepared by electro-deposition method and used for the electrochemical degradation of alkali lignin (AL). The surface morphology and the structure of the electrodes were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The stability and electrochemical activity of FeCN-PbO2 electrode were characterized by accelerated life test, linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) and AL degradation. The results showed that [Fe(CN)6](3-) increased the average grain size of PbO2 and formed a compact surface coating. The service lifetime of FeCN-PbO2 electrode was 287.25 h, which was longer than that of the unmodified PbO2 electrode (100.5h). The FeCN-PbO2 electrode showed higher active surface area and higher oxygen evolution potential than that of the unmodified PbO2 electrode. In electrochemical degradation tests, the apparent kinetics coefficient of FeCN-PbO2 electrode was 0.00609 min(-1), which was higher than that of unmodified PbO2 electrode (0.00419 min(-1)). The effects of experimental parameters, such as applied current density, initial AL concentration, initial pH value and solution temperature, on electrochemical degradation of AL by FeCN-PbO2 electrode were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yuan Quansheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shao Dan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Honghui
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; The State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liang Jidong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Feng Jiangtao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; The State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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40
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Li H, Lei Z, Liu C, Zhang Z, Lu B. Photocatalytic degradation of lignin on synthesized Ag-AgCl/ZnO nanorods under solar light and preliminary trials for methane fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:494-501. [PMID: 25459860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New photocatalysts, Ag-AgCl/ZnO nanorods, were successfully synthesized in this study by using microwave assisted chemical precipitation and deposition-precipitation-photoreduction methods. The optimal preparation condition was determined as pH 9 in distilled water and 40min for UV light photoreduction of Ag (i.e. Ag40-AgCl/ZnO) by degradation of methyl orange. This work investigated the feasibility of using Ag40-AgCl/ZnO to degrade lignin under natural solar light and then subsequent methane production with influencing factors like solution pH, dosage of catalyst and initial lignin concentration being considered. OH radicals were found to play the most important role in the photocatalytic process, and the new prepared catalyst possessed stable photocatalytic activity after 7 cycles' utilization. During the subsequent biogasification, the degraded lignin obtained from 120min photocatalysis yielded 184ml methane and 325ml biogas for per gram of removed total organic carbon, increased by 10.9% and 23.1%, respectively compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chunguang Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Baowang Lu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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41
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Ren Z, Quan S, Gao J, Li W, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Chai B, Wang Y. The electrocatalytic activity of IrO2–Ta2O5 anode materials and electrolyzed oxidizing water preparation and sterilization effect. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti/IrO2–Ta2O5 anodes with different contents and preparation temperatures were prepared for electrolyzed oxidizing water's preparation and sterilization in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Shanshan Quan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wenyang Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yuchan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yourong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic University
- Wuhan
- China
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42
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KAWAGUCHI K, MORIMITSU M. Effects of Oxide Composition on Structure, Surface Morphology, and Oxygen Evolution Behaviors of IrO 2-Ta 2O 5/Ti Anodes Prepared at a High Temperature. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.83.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji KAWAGUCHI
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University
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43
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Chen Y, Li H, Liu W, Tu Y, Zhang Y, Han W, Wang L. Electrochemical degradation of nitrobenzene by anodic oxidation on the constructed TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 113:48-55. [PMID: 25065789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interlayer of Sb-doped SnO2 (SnO2-Sb) and TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) on Ti has been introduced into the PbO2 electrode system with the aim to reveal the mechanism of enhanced electrochemical performance of TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 electrode. In contrast with the traditional Ti/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 electrode, the constructed PbO2 electrode has a more regular and compact morphology with better oriented crystals of lower size. The TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb interlayer prepared by electrodeposition process improves PbO2 coating structure effectively, and enhances the electrochemical performance of PbO2 electrode. Kinetic analyses indicated that the electrochemical oxidation of nitrobenzene on the PbO2 electrodes followed pseudo-first-order reaction, and mass transport was enhanced at the constructed electrode. The accumulation of nitrocompounds of degradation intermediates on constructed electrode was lower, and almost all of the nitro groups were eliminated from aromatic rings after 6h of electrolysis. Higher combustion efficiency was obtained on the constructed TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 electrode. The intermediates of nitrobenzene oxidation were confirmed by IC and GC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hongyi Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yong Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yaohui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
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44
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Zhu H, Wang L, Chen Y, Li G, Li H, Tang Y, Wan P. Electrochemical depolymerization of lignin into renewable aromatic compounds in a non-diaphragm electrolytic cell. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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45
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Novel Ti/Ta2O5-SnO2 electrodes for water electrolysis and electrocatalytic oxidation of organics. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Zhu H, Chen Y, Qin T, Wang L, Tang Y, Sun Y, Wan P. Lignin depolymerization via an integrated approach of anode oxidation and electro-generated H2O2 oxidation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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47
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Shao D, Li X, Xu H, Yan W. An improved stable Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrode with high performance in electrochemical oxidation processes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Jin W, Tolba R, Wen J, Li K, Chen A. Efficient extraction of lignin from black liquor via a novel membrane-assisted electrochemical approach. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Li H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Han W, Sun X, Li J, Wang L. Preparation of Ti/PbO2–Sn anodes for electrochemical degradation of phenol. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Gasser CA, Hommes G, Schäffer A, Corvini PFX. Multi-catalysis reactions: new prospects and challenges of biotechnology to valorize lignin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1115-34. [PMID: 22782247 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been dedicated to the chemical depolymerization of lignin, a biopolymer constituting a possible renewable source for aromatic value-added chemicals. However, these efforts yielded limited success up until now. Efficient lignin conversion might necessitate novel catalysts enabling new types of reactions. The use of multiple catalysts, including a combination of biocatalysts, might be necessary. New perspectives for the combination of bio- and inorganic catalysts in one-pot reactions are emerging, thanks to green chemistry-driven advances in enzyme engineering and immobilization and new chemical catalyst design. Such combinations could offer several advantages, especially by reducing time and yield losses associated with the isolation and purification of the reaction products, but also represent a big challenge since the optimal reaction conditions of bio- and chemical catalysis reactions are often different. This mini-review gives an overview of bio- and inorganic catalysts having the potential to be used in combination for lignin depolymerization. We also discuss key aspects to consider when combining these catalysts in one-pot reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Gasser
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, 4132, Switzerland
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