1
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Diao W, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Li Y, Tang J, Liu G. EGaIn-Modified ePADs for Simultaneous Detection of Homocysteine and C-Reactive Protein in Saliva toward Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4265-4276. [PMID: 39031767 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are critical biomarkers for numerous chronic diseases, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the most prevalent. The ability to simultaneously detect both biomarkers in point-of-care settings is in high demand for CVD early diagnosis and prevention. Herein, we prepared the eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles decorated with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) on the surface to facilitate the subsequent attachment of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to achieve EGaIn-PPD@Au, which was modified on the screen-printed electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). Aptamers that are specific to Hcy and CRP were then immobilized on the EGaIn-PPD@Au surface to achieve the sensing interface on ePADs. The presence of EGaIn-PPD@Au significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity, leading to amplified electrochemical signals. This aptasensor demonstrated high specificity, capable of detecting Hcy in a range of 1-50 μM with a detection limit of 0.22 μM, and the detection range for CRP was 1-100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.039 ng/mL. The aptasensor also effectively detected Hcy and CRP in clinical saliva samples, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of about 0.80 when the individual biomarker was considered and 0.93 when both biomarkers were taken into account. The positive correlation observed between salivary and blood concentrations of Hcy and CRP, coupled with their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggested the potential of this methodology as a noninvasive point-of-care strategy for the early diagnosis of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Diao
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Chuangxin Zhou
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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2
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Musile G, Grazioli C, Fornasaro S, Dossi N, De Palo EF, Tagliaro F, Bortolotti F. Application of Paper-Based Microfluidic Analytical Devices (µPAD) in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:743. [PMID: 37504142 PMCID: PMC10377625 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The need for providing rapid and, possibly, on-the-spot analytical results in the case of intoxication has prompted researchers to develop rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective methods and analytical devices suitable for use in nonspecialized laboratories and at the point of need (PON). In recent years, the technology of paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) has undergone rapid development and now provides a feasible, low-cost alternative to traditional rapid tests for detecting harmful compounds. In fact, µPADs have been developed to detect toxic molecules (arsenic, cyanide, ethanol, and nitrite), drugs, and drugs of abuse (benzodiazepines, cathinones, cocaine, fentanyl, ketamine, MDMA, morphine, synthetic cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol, and xylazine), and also psychoactive substances used for drug-facilitated crimes (flunitrazepam, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), ketamine, metamizole, midazolam, and scopolamine). The present report critically evaluates the recent developments in paper-based devices, particularly in detection methods, and how these new analytical tools have been tested in forensic and clinical toxicology, also including future perspectives on their application, such as multisensing paper-based devices, microfluidic paper-based separation, and wearable paper-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Musile
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Cristian Grazioli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Fornasaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elio Franco De Palo
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Federica Bortolotti
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
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3
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Anushka, Bandopadhyay A, Das PK. Paper based microfluidic devices: a review of fabrication techniques and applications. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2022; 232:781-815. [PMID: 36532608 PMCID: PMC9743133 DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of applications are possible with paper-based analytical devices, which are low priced, easy to fabricate and operate, and require no specialized equipment. Paper-based microfluidics offers the design of miniaturized POC devices to be applied in the health, environment, food, and energy sector employing the ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment free and Deliverable to end users) principle of WHO. Therefore, this field is growing very rapidly and ample research is being done. This review focuses on fabrication and detection techniques reported to date. Additionally, this review emphasises on the application of this technology in the area of medical diagnosis, energy generation, environmental monitoring, and food quality control. This review also presents the theoretical analysis of fluid flow in porous media for the efficient handling and control of fluids. The limitations of PAD have also been discussed with an emphasis to concern on the transformation of such devices from laboratory to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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4
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Aquino A, Mayrink Alves Pereira G, Dossi N, Piccin E, Augusti R. Reagent-Pencil and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Convenient Combination for Selective Analyses in Complex Matrixes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:281-288. [PMID: 33176096 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments on fieldable miniature mass spectrometers require efforts to produce easy-to-use and portable alternative tools to assist in point-of-care analysis. In this paper, the reagent-pencil (RP) technology, which has been used for solvent-free deposition of reagents in paper-based microfluidics, was combined with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS-MS). In this approach, named RP-PS-MS, the PS triangular piece of paper was written with the reagent pencil, consisting of mixtures of graphite and bentonite (used as a support) and a reactive compound, and allowed to react with a given analyte from a sample matrix selectively. We conducted typical applications as proof-of-principles to verify the methodology's general usefulness in detecting small organic molecules in distinct samples. Hence, various aldehydes (2-furaldehyde, valeraldehyde, and benzaldehyde) in spiked cachaça samples (an alcoholic drink produced from fermentation/distillation of sugarcane juice) were promptly detected using a reagent pencil doped with 4-aminophenol (the reactive compound). Similarly, we recognized typical ginsenosides and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in ginseng aqueous infusions and soybean oil samples, respectively, using lithium chloride as the reactive compound. The results indicate that the reagent-pencil methodology is compatible with PS-MS and provides an easy and fast way to detect target analytes in complex samples. The advantage over the usual solution-based deposition of reagents lies in the lack of preparation or carrying different specific solutions for special applications, which can simplify operation, especially in point-of-care analysis with fieldable mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Aquino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mayrink Alves Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, I-33100, Italy
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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5
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Ataide VN, Ameku WA, Bacil RP, Angnes L, de Araujo WR, Paixão TRLC. Enhanced performance of pencil-drawn paper-based electrodes by laser-scribing treatment. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1644-1653. [PMID: 35424136 PMCID: PMC8693669 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical Paper-based Analytical Devices (ePADs) are an alternative to traditional portable analytical techniques due to features such as low-cost, easy surface modification with different materials, and high sensitivity. A fast and simple method to fabricate enhanced ePADs using pencil-drawing which involves the CO2 laser treatment of the carbon surface deposited on paper is described. The electrochemical performances of the devices were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) with different redox probes and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical results show that a treated surface presents a lower resistance to charge transfer and changes the approach of the probe and the overlap of its orbitals with the electrode. To investigate the effects of the laser treatment process, chemical and structural characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. These results indicated that laser treatment promoted the restoration of carbon-carbon double bonds and removed a thin layer of nanodebris present in commercial pencils, resulting in an improvement of the electrochemical kinetics. As a proof-of-concept, the Pencil-Drawing Electrode (PDE) was used for the detection and quantification of furosemide (FUR) in a sample of synthetic urine, exhibiting a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.4 × 10-7 mol L-1. The percentages of recovery of the FUR added to the samples A and B were 95% and 110%, respectively. The analysis using CO2 laser-treated PDE resulted in a fast, simple, and reliable method for this doping agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Ataide
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University-USP São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Wilson A Ameku
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University-USP São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Raphael P Bacil
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University-USP São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University-USP São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - William R de Araujo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University-USP São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
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Baharfar M, Rahbar M, Tajik M, Liu G. Engineering strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112506. [PMID: 32823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Applications of electrochemical detection methods in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) has revolutionized the area of point-of-care (POC) testing towards highly sensitive and selective quantification of various (bio)chemical analytes in a miniaturized, low-coat, rapid, and user-friendly manner. Shortly after the initiation, these relatively new modulations of μPADs, named as electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs), gained widespread popularity within the POC research community thanks to the inherent advantages of both electrochemical sensing and usage of paper as a suitable substrate for POC testing platforms. Even though general aspects of ePADs such as applications and fabrication techniques, have already been reviewed multiple times in the literature, herein, we intend to provide a critical engineering insight into the area of ePADs by focusing particularly on the practical strategies utilized to enhance their analytical performance (i.e. sensitivity), while maintaining the desired simplicity and efficiency intact. Basically, the discussed strategies are driven by considering the parameters potentially affecting the generated electrochemical signal in the ePADs. Some of these parameters include the type of filter paper, electrode fabrication methods, electrode materials, fluid flow patterns, etc. Besides, the limitations and challenges associated with the development of ePADs are discussed, and further insights and directions for future research in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Baharfar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia.
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7
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Yang X, Cheng H. Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E243. [PMID: 32111023 PMCID: PMC7143805 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skyrocketing popularity of health monitoring has spurred increasing interest in wearable electrochemical biosensors. Compared with the traditionally rigid and bulky electrochemical biosensors, flexible and stretchable devices render a unique capability to conform to the complex, hierarchically textured surfaces of the human body. With a recognition element (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, ions) to selectively react with the target analyte, wearable electrochemical biosensors can convert the types and concentrations of chemical changes in the body into electrical signals for easy readout. Initial exploration of wearable electrochemical biosensors integrates electrodes on textile and flexible thin-film substrate materials. A stretchable property is needed for the thin-film device to form an intimate contact with the textured skin surface and to deform with various natural skin motions. Thus, stretchable materials and structures have been exploited to ensure the effective function of a wearable electrochemical biosensor. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent development of flexible and stretchable electrochemical biosensors, including their principles, representative application scenarios (e.g., saliva, tear, sweat, and interstitial fluid), and materials and structures. While great strides have been made in the wearable electrochemical biosensors, challenges still exist, which represents a small fraction of opportunities for the future development of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Grazioli C, Svigelj R, Gobbi F, Bontempelli G. A Simple Strategy for Easily Assembling 3D Printed Miniaturized Cells Suitable for Simultaneous Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Analyses. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological ScienceUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 183 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Cristian Grazioli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Filippo Gobbi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
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Moro G, Bottari F, Van Loon J, Du Bois E, De Wael K, Moretto LM. Disposable electrodes from waste materials and renewable sources for (bio)electroanalytical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111758. [PMID: 31605984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The numerous advantages of disposable and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) particularly in terms of portability, sensibility, sensitivity and low-cost led to the massive application of these electroanalytical devices. To limit the electronic waste and recover precious materials, new recycling processes were developed together with alternative SPEs fabrication procedures based on renewable, biocompatible sources or waste materials, such as paper, agricultural byproducts or spent batteries. The increased interest in the use of eco-friendly materials for electronics has given rise to a new generation of highly performing green modifiers. From paper based electrodes to disposable electrodes obtained from CD/DVD, in the last decades considerable efforts were devoted to reuse and recycle in the field of electrochemistry. Here an overview of recycled and recyclable disposable electrodes, sustainable electrode modifiers and alternative fabrication processes is proposed aiming to provide meaningful examples to redesign the world of disposable electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Moro
- LSE Research Group, Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy; AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fabio Bottari
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joren Van Loon
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Product Development Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Ambtmanstraat 1, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Du Bois
- Product Development Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Ambtmanstraat 1, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- LSE Research Group, Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy.
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Chronometric Quantitation of Analytes in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs) via Enzymatic Degradation of a Metastable Biomatrix. INVENTIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions4030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The following article summarizes United States Patent Application No. US20180052155A1, titled ‘Assay Devices and Methods’ (filed 16 August 2016, published 22 February 2018). While lateral flow assays (LFAs) have revolutionized point-of-care diagnostics by enabling accurate, inexpensive, and rapid detection of biomarkers, they typically do not provide quantitative results. Hence, there is a significant need for quantitative assays at the point of care. This patent summary describes a novel method of chronometric biomarker quantitation via enzymatic degradation of a metastable gelatin-based biomatrix, principally suited for use in paper-based microfluidic devices (microPADs). This new quantitation mechanism was designed to meet the ASSURED criteria for point-of-care diagnostic devices laid forth by the World Health Organization and may ultimately provide increased access to healthcare, at a significantly reduced cost, around the world.
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11
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Electroanalytical cells pencil drawn on PVC supports and their use for the detection in flexible microfluidic devices. Talanta 2019; 199:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Amor-Gutiérrez O, Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul M. Sampling and multiplexing in lab-on-paper bioelectroanalytical devices for glucose determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 135:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Nanni PI, González‐López A, Nunez‐Bajo E, Madrid RE, Fernández‐Abedul MT. Staple‐Based Paper Electrochemical Platform for Celiac Disease Diagnosis. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Nanni
- Departamento de Química Física y AnalíticaUniversidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Spain
- Inst. Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)CONICET-UNT 4000 – S.M. de Tucumán Argentina
- Lab. de Medios e InterfacesDepartamento de BioingenieríaFACET, UNT 4000 – S. M. de Tucumán Argentina
| | | | - Estefanía Nunez‐Bajo
- Departamento de Química Física y AnalíticaUniversidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Rossana E. Madrid
- Inst. Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)CONICET-UNT 4000 – S.M. de Tucumán Argentina
- Lab. de Medios e InterfacesDepartamento de BioingenieríaFACET, UNT 4000 – S. M. de Tucumán Argentina
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14
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Sdrigotti N, Tubaro F, Bontempelli G. A cotton thread fluidic device with a wall-jet pencil-drawn paper based dual electrode detector. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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16
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Dossi N, Petrazzi S, Toniolo R, Tubaro F, Terzi F, Piccin E, Svigelj R, Bontempelli G. Digitally Controlled Procedure for Assembling Fully Drawn Paper-Based Electroanalytical Platforms. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10454-10460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrazzi
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Tubaro
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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17
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Natiele Tiago da Silva E, Marques Petroni J, Gabriel Lucca B, Souza Ferreira V. Pencil graphite leads as simple amperometric sensors for microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2733-2740. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; São Mateus Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Brazil
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18
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Paper-based maskless enzymatic sensor for glucose determination combining ink and wire electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 93:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Núnez-Bajo E, Carmen Blanco-López M, Costa-García A, Teresa Fernández-Abedul M. Integration of gold-sputtered electrofluidic paper on wire-included analytical platforms for glucose biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:824-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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David IG, Popa DE, Buleandra M. Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1905968. [PMID: 28255500 PMCID: PMC5307002 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1905968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their electrochemical and economical characteristics, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) gained in recent years a large applicability to the analysis of various types of inorganic and organic compounds from very different matrices. The electrode material of this type of working electrodes is constituted by the well-known and easy commercially available graphite pencil leads. Thus, PGEs are cheap and user-friendly and can be employed as disposable electrodes avoiding the time-consuming step of solid electrodes surface cleaning between measurements. When compared to other working electrodes PGEs present lower background currents, higher sensitivity, good reproducibility, and an adjustable electroactive surface area, permitting the analysis of low concentrations and small sample volumes without any deposition/preconcentration step. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed overview of the PGEs characteristics, designs and applications of bare, and electrochemically pretreated and chemically modified PGEs along with the corresponding performance characteristics like linear range and detection limit. Techniques used for bare or modified PGEs surface characterization are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana-Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Impellizzieri F, Tubaro F, Bontempelli G, Terzi F, Piccin E. A paper-based platform with a pencil-drawn dual amperometric detector for the rapid quantification of ortho-diphenols in extravirgin olive oil. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Pencil It in: Exploring the Feasibility of Hand-Drawn Pencil Electrochemical Sensors and Their Direct Comparison to Screen-Printed Electrodes. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030045. [PMID: 27589815 PMCID: PMC5039664 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We explore the fabrication, physicochemical characterisation (SEM, Raman, EDX and XPS) and electrochemical application of hand-drawn pencil electrodes (PDEs) upon an ultra-flexible polyester substrate; investigating the number of draws (used for their fabrication), the pencil grade utilised (HB to 9B) and the electrochemical properties of an array of batches (i.e, pencil boxes). Electrochemical characterisation of the PDEs, using different batches of HB grade pencils, is undertaken using several inner- and outer-sphere redox probes and is critically compared to screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). Proof-of-concept is demonstrated for the electrochemical sensing of dopamine and acetaminophen using PDEs, which are found to exhibit competitive limits of detection (3σ) upon comparison to SPEs. Nonetheless, it is important to note that a clear lack of reproducibility was demonstrated when utilising these PDEs fabricated using the HB pencils from different batches. We also explore the suitability and feasibility of a pencil-drawn reference electrode compared to screen-printed alternatives, to see if one can draw the entire sensing platform. This article reports a critical assessment of these PDEs against that of its screen-printed competitors, questioning the overall feasibility of PDEs' implementation as a sensing platform.
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23
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Jiang X, Fan ZH. Fabrication and Operation of Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:203-222. [PMID: 27070184 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the fabrication techniques and operational components of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Being low-cost, user-friendly, fast, and simple, μPADs have seen explosive growth in the literature in the last decade. Many different materials and technologies have been employed to fabricate μPADs for various applications, including those that employ patterning, the creation of physical boundaries, and three-dimensional structures. In addition to fabrication techniques, flow control and other operational components in μPADs are of great interest. These components enable μPADs to control flow rates, direct flow paths via valves, sequentially deliver reagents automatically, and display test results, all of which will make μPADs more suitable for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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24
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25
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Gabardo CM, Soleymani L. Deposition, patterning, and utility of conductive materials for the rapid prototyping of chemical and bioanalytical devices. Analyst 2016; 141:3511-25. [PMID: 27001624 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping is a critical step in the product development cycle of miniaturized chemical and bioanalytical devices, often categorized as lab-on-a-chip devices, biosensors, and micro-total analysis systems. While high throughput manufacturing methods are often preferred for large-volume production, rapid prototyping is necessary for demonstrating and predicting the performance of a device and performing field testing and validation before translating a product from research and development to large volume production. Choosing a specific rapid prototyping method involves considering device design requirements in terms of minimum feature sizes, mechanical stability, thermal and chemical resistance, and optical and electrical properties. A rapid prototyping method is then selected by making engineering trade-off decisions between the suitability of the method in meeting the design specifications and manufacturing metrics such as speed, cost, precision, and potential for scale up. In this review article, we review four categories of rapid prototyping methods that are applicable to developing miniaturized bioanalytical devices, single step, mask and deposit, mask and etch, and mask-free assembly, and we will focus on the trade-offs that need to be made when selecting a particular rapid prototyping method. The focus of the review article will be on the development of systems having a specific arrangement of conductive or semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Gabardo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Canada
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26
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Mettakoonpitak J, Boehle K, Nantaphol S, Teengam P, Adkins JA, Srisa-Art M, Henry CS. Electrochemistry on Paper-based Analytical Devices: A Review. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Boehle
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Siriwan Nantaphol
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Prinjaporn Teengam
- Program in Petrochemistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Jaclyn A. Adkins
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Monpichar Srisa-Art
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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27
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Paper electrodes for bioelectrochemistry: Biosensors and biofuel cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:145-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Foster CW, Brownson DAC, Ruas de Souza AP, Bernalte E, Iniesta J, Bertotti M, Banks CE. Pencil it in: pencil drawn electrochemical sensing platforms. Analyst 2016; 141:4055-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by recent reports concerning the utilisation of hand drawn pencil macroelectrodes (PDEs), we report the fabrication, characterisation (physicochemical and electrochemical) and implementation (electrochemical sensing) of various PDEs drawn upon a flexible polyester substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Foster
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M15 GD
- UK
| | - Dale A. C. Brownson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M15 GD
- UK
| | | | - Elena Bernalte
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M15 GD
- UK
- Departamento de Química Analítica e IACYS
| | - Jesus Iniesta
- Physical Chemistry Department and Institute of Electrochemistry
- University of Alicante
- 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig
- Spain
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Instituto de Química – Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M15 GD
- UK
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29
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Patabadige DEW, Jia S, Sibbitts J, Sadeghi J, Sellens K, Culbertson CT. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Fundamental Advances and Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 88:320-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Kathleen Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Pan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - M. Jamal Deen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Raja Ghosh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
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31
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Dossi N, Terzi F, Piccin E, Toniolo R, Bontempelli G. Rapid Prototyping of Sensors and Conductive Elements by Day-to-Day Writing Tools and Emerging Manufacturing Technologies. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Chagas CLS, Costa Duarte L, Lobo-Júnior EO, Piccin E, Dossi N, Coltro WKT. Hand drawing of pencil electrodes on paper platforms for contactless conductivity detection of inorganic cations in human tear samples using electrophoresis chips. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1837-44. [PMID: 25929980 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes for the first time the fabrication of pencil drawn electrodes (PDE) on paper platforms for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4) D) on electrophoresis microchips. PDE-C(4) D devices were attached on PMMA electrophoresis chips and used for detection of K(+) and Na(+) in human tear samples. PDE-C(4) D devices were produced on office paper and chromatographic paper platforms and their performance were thoroughly investigated using a model mixture containing K(+) , Na(+) , and Li(+) . In comparison with chromatographic paper, PDE-C(4) D fabricated on office paper has exhibited better performance due to its higher electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the detector response was similar to that recorded with electrodes prepared with copper adhesive tape. The fabrication of PDE-C(4) D on office paper has offered great advantages including extremely low cost (< $ 0.004 per unit), reduced fabrication time (< 5 min), and minimal instrumentation (pencil and paper). The proposed electrodes demonstrated excellent analytical performance with good reproducibility. For an inter-PDE comparison (n = 7), the RSD values for migration time, peak area, and separation efficiency were lower than 2.5, 10.5, and 14%, respectively. The LOD's achieved for K(+) , Na(+) , and Li(+) were 4.9, 6.8, and 9.0 μM, respectively. The clinical feasibility of the proposed approach was successfully demonstrated with the quantitative analysis of K(+) and Na(+) in tear samples. The concentration levels found for K(+) and Na(+) were, respectively, 20.8 ± 0.1 mM and 101.2 ± 0.1 mM for sample #1, and 20.4 ± 0.1 mM and 111.4 ± 0.1 mM for sample #2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyro L S Chagas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lucas Costa Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Piccin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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33
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Piccin E, Bontempelli G. Simple pencil-drawn paper-based devices for one-spot electrochemical detection of electroactive species in oil samples. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1830-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Food Science; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Food Science; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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34
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Bandodkar AJ, Jia W, Ramírez J, Wang J. Biocompatible enzymatic roller pens for direct writing of biocatalytic materials: "do-it-yourself" electrochemical biosensors. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1215-24. [PMID: 25721554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of enzymatic-ink-based roller pens for direct drawing of biocatalytic sensors, in general, and for realizing renewable glucose sensor strips, in particular, is described. The resulting enzymatic-ink pen allows facile fabrication of high-quality inexpensive electrochemical biosensors of any design by the user on a wide variety of surfaces having complex textures with minimal user training. Unlike prefabricated sensors, this approach empowers the end user with the ability of "on-demand" and "on-site" designing and fabricating of biocatalytic sensors to suit their specific requirement. The resulting devices are thus referred to as "do-it-yourself" sensors. The bio-active pens produce highly reproducible biocatalytic traces with minimal edge roughness. The composition of the new enzymatic inks has been optimized for ensuring good biocatalytic activity, electrical conductivity, biocompati-bility, reproducible writing, and surface adherence. The resulting inks are characterized using spectroscopic, viscometric, electrochemical, thermal and microscopic techniques. Applicability to renewable blood glucose testing, epidermal glucose monitoring, and on-leaf phenol detection are demonstrated in connection to glucose oxidase and tyrosinase-based carbon inks. The "do-it-yourself" renewable glucose sensor strips offer a "fresh," reproducible, low-cost biocatalytic sensor surface for each blood test. The ability to directly draw biocatalytic conducting traces even on unconventional surfaces opens up new avenues in various sensing applications in low-resource settings and holds great promise for diverse healthcare, environmental, and defense domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Wenzhao Jia
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Julian Ramírez
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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35
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Mitchell HT, Noxon IC, Chaplan CA, Carlton SJ, Liu CH, Ganaja KA, Martinez NW, Immoos CE, Costanzo PJ, Martinez AW. Reagent pencils: a new technique for solvent-free deposition of reagents onto paper-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2213-20. [PMID: 25851055 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Custom-made pencils containing reagents dispersed in a solid matrix were developed to enable rapid and solvent-free deposition of reagents onto membrane-based fluidic devices. The technique is as simple as drawing with the reagent pencils on a device. When aqueous samples are added to the device, the reagents dissolve from the pencil matrix and become available to react with analytes in the sample. Colorimetric glucose assays conducted on devices prepared using reagent pencils had comparable accuracy and precision to assays conducted on conventional devices prepared with reagents deposited from solution. Most importantly, sensitive reagents, such as enzymes, are stable in the pencils under ambient conditions, and no significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase stored in a pencil was observed after 63 days. Reagent pencils offer a new option for preparing and customizing diagnostic tests at the point of care without the need for specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydn T Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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36
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Adkins J, Boehle K, Henry C. Electrochemical paper-based microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1811-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Adkins
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Katherine Boehle
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Charles Henry
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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37
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Dornelas KL, Dossi N, Piccin E. A simple method for patterning poly(dimethylsiloxane) barriers in paper using contact-printing with low-cost rubber stamps. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 858:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Li Z, Li F, Hu J, Wee WH, Han YL, Pingguan-Murphy B, Lu TJ, Xu F. Direct writing electrodes using a ball pen for paper-based point-of-care testing. Analyst 2015; 140:5526-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple strategy to fabricate paper-based electrochemical devices has been developed by directly writing using a pressure-assisted ball pen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jie Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong Wee
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Yu Long Han
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
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39
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Cate DM, Adkins JA, Mettakoonpitak J, Henry CS. Recent Developments in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2014; 87:19-41. [PMID: 25375292 DOI: 10.1021/ac503968p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Cate
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jaclyn A. Adkins
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jaruwan Mettakoonpitak
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Pencil leads doped with electrochemically deposited Ag and AgCl for drawing reference electrodes on paper-based electrochemical devices. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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