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Ahmed MJ, Anastopoulos I, Kalderis D, Haris M, Usman M. Insight into the wheat residues-derived adsorbents for the remediation of organic and inorganic aquatic contaminants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118507. [PMID: 38387498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Wheat is a major grain crop of the world that provides a stable food for human consumption. Large amounts of by-products/waste materials are produced after the harvesting and processing of wheat crop. Such materials can cause an environmental issue if not disposed of properly. Several studies have shown that wheat residues can be efficient precursors for adsorbents because of their availability, renewability, lignocellulosic composition, and surface active groups enriched structure. In the literature, there are few review articles that address wheat residues-based adsorbents. However, these reviews were specific in terms of adsorbate or adsorbent and did not provide detailed information about the modification, properties, and regeneration of these adsorbents. This article extensively reviews the utilization of wheat biomass/waste including straw, bran, husk, and stalk as precursors for raw or untreated, chemically treated, carbonaceous, and composite adsorbents against various environmental pollutants. The influences of inlet pollutant amount, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, and time on the performance of adsorbents against pollutants were considered. The maximum uptakes, equilibrium time, and adsorption nature were identified from isotherms, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. The highest adsorbed amounts of most tested contaminants were 448.20, 322.58, and 578.13 mg/g for lead, chromium, and copper, 1374.6 and 1449.4 mg/g for methylene blue and malachite green, and 854.75, 179.21, and 107.77 mg/g for tetracycline, phosphate, and nitrate, respectively. For the studied adsorbate/adsorbent systems the adsorption mechanism and regeneration were also discussed. Significant results and future directions are finally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna J Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, 10071 Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostakii Campus, 47040 Arta, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Laboratory of Environmental Technologies and Applications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Muhammad Haris
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Université de Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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2
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Chen K, Jiang J, Huang C, Wang L, Wang X. Investigating the potential of mineral precipitation in co-pyrolysis biochar: Development of a novel Cd (II) adsorption material utilizing dual solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130762. [PMID: 38692371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Ionic cadmium (Cd (II)) in water is a significant threat to ecosystems, the environment, and human health. Research is currently focused on developing efficient adsorption materials to combat Cd (II) pollution in water. One promising solution involves co-pyrolyzing solid residue from anaerobic digestion of food waste with oil-based drill cuttings pyrolysis residue to create a biochar with high organic matter content. This biochar has a lower heavy metal content and leaching toxicity compared to China's national standards, making it both safe and resourceful. It exhibits a high adsorption capacity for Cd (II) in water, reaching up to 47.80 ± 0.37 mg/g. Raising the pyrolysis temperature above 600 °C and increasing the amount of pyrolysis residue beyond 30 % enhances the biochar's adsorption capacity. The adsorption process is primarily driven by mineral precipitation, offering a promising approach for dual waste resource management and reducing heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li'ao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Rasheed A, Rasheed F, Kayani WK, Jawad M, Ghous T, Irshad M. EDTA functionalized pine needle biochar (EDTA@BC); a valorized bio-material for removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38798148 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functionalized pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) as a low-cost active adsorbent and its effectiveness in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution at various conditions is reported in this paper. First, alkali activation was selected to render the pine needle biochar with an excellent porous structure and increased concentration of hydroxyl groups to facilitate grafting. Subsequently, a simple method was utilized to graft EDTA onto the biochar. The prepared EDTA@BC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the impact of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate volume, and shaking time on the removal efficiency of Ni(II). At pH 6, 100 mg dosage, 4 mL of adsorbate volume, and 10 min of shaking time, the maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) was observed to be 89%. EDTA@BC showed reasonable sorption performance still after the third cycle of regeneration. The effect of interfering ions such as Pb, Cr, Cu, and Hg was evaluated, resulting a decrease of 69%, 78%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in its sorption capacity. The Langmuir model provided a better fit for Ni(II) in the concentration range of 0.1-2000 ppm under optimized conditions, with qmax of 46.69 ± 1.031 mg/g and KL of 0.001, compared with the Freundlich isotherm, which yielded n = 0.234 and χ2 = 2.7899, Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9520), and Redlich-Peterson isotherm (R2 = 0.9725). The removal of Ni(II) by EDTA@BC was found to be the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicated adsorption process to be endothermic and nonspontaneous. Hence, a sustainable valorized bio-material (EDTA@BC) is prepared having better sorption efficiency of Ni(II) from aqueous solution with possible wide applicability. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: New EDTA functionalized indigenous pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) was prepared. This low-cost active adsorbent found effective in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution. FTIR, SEM, and EDX proved synthesis and uptake of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Ni(II) removal, regeneration, interfering and adsorption studies were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Rasheed
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Rasheed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Khan Kayani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Tahseen Ghous
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Fu Z, Zhao J, Guan D, Wang Y, Xie J, Zhang H, Sun Y, Zhu J, Guo L. A comprehensive review on the preparation of biochar from digestate sources and its application in environmental pollution remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168822. [PMID: 38043821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of biochar from digestate is one of the effective ways to achieve the safe disposal and resource utilization of digestate. Nevertheless, up to now, a comprehensive review encompassing the factors influencing anaerobic digestate-derived biochar production and its applications is scarce in the literature. Therefore, to fill this gap, the present work first outlined the research hotspots of digestate in the last decade using bibliometric statistical analysis with the help of VOSviewer. Then, the characteristics of the different sources of digestate were summarized. Furthermore, the influencing factors of biochar preparation from digestate and the modification methods of digestate-derived biochar and associated mechanisms were analyzed. Notably, a comprehensive synthesis of anaerobic digestate-derived biochar applications is provided, encompassing enhanced anaerobic digestion, heavy metal remediation, aerobic composting, antibiotic/antibiotic resistance gene removal, and phosphorus recovery from digestate liquor. The economic and environmental impacts of digestate-derived biochar were also analyzed. Finally, the development prospect and challenges of using biochar from digestate to combat environmental pollution are foreseen. The aim is to not only address digestate management challenges at the source but also offer a novel path for the resourceful utilization of digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
| | - Dezheng Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jingliang Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
| | - Jiangwei Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Yang T, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Meng LY. Quantitative analysis of the current status and research trends of biochar research - A scientific bibliometric analysis based on global research achievements from 2003 to 2023. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83071-83092. [PMID: 37338685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has excellent physical and chemical properties such as porosity, high carbon content, high cation exchange capacity, and rich surface functional groups and has been widely used in environmental remediation. Over the past 20 years, although various reviews have described the application of biochar as an environmentally friendly multifunctional material in environmental remediation, no comprehensive summary and analysis of the research trends in this field exists. To promote the rapid and stable development of the field of biochar, the current state of research on biochar is clarified using the bibliometric method in this report, and potential development directions and challenges for the future are identified. All relevant biochar literature from 2003-2023 was collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 6,119 published Chinese papers and 25,174 English papers were selected for the quantitative analysis. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago graphics software was used to summarize the numbers of papers published over the years, as well as the countries, institutions, and authors that published the most articles. Secondly, using keyword co-occurrence and emergence analysis, the recognized research hotspots in different areas such as adsorbents, soil remediation, catalytic oxidation, supercapacitors, and "biochar-microbial" synergy were analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of biochar were assessed to provide new perspectives for further promoting its development in technological, economic, environmental, and other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Bulak P, Proc-Pietrycha K, Kaczor M, Złotko K, Polakowski C, Wiącek D, Waniak-Nowicka H, Zięba E, Waśko A, Oleszczuk P, Bieganowski A. A novel type of biochar from chitinous Hermetia illucens waste with a built-in stimulating effect on plants and soil arthropods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8306. [PMID: 37221262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The breeding of insects generates waste in the form of insect excrement and feed residues. In addition, a specific chitinous waste in the form of insect larvae and pupae exuvia is also left. Recent research tries to manage it, e.g., by producing chitin and chitosan, which are value-added products. The circular economy approach requires testing new, non-standard management methods that can develop products with unique properties. To date, the possibility of biochar production from chitinous waste derived from insects has not been evaluated. Here we show that the puparia of Hermetia illucens are suitable for biochar production, which in turn exhibits original characteristics. We found that the biochars have a high nitrogen level, which is rarely achievable in materials of natural origin without artificial doping. This study presents a detailed chemical and physical characterization of the biochars. Moreover, ecotoxicological analysis has revealed the biochars' stimulation effect on plant root growth and the reproduction of the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida, as well as the lack of a toxic effect on its mortality. This predisposes these novel materials with already built-in stimulating properties to be used in agronomy, for example as a carriers for fertilizers or beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bulak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kinga Proc-Pietrycha
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Kaczor
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Złotko
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Polakowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Waniak-Nowicka
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Square 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emil Zięba
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Skłodowska-Curie University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
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Fang X, Huang Y, Fan X, Wang S, Huang Z, Zhou N, Fan S. Effect of water-washing pretreatment on the enhancement of tetracycline adsorption by biogas residue biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49720-49732. [PMID: 36780084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar preparation was a feasible strategy for realizing the reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of biogas residue (BR) simultaneously. How to enhance the adsorption performance of biogas residue biochar through simple, friendly, and effective way still needs to be investigated. In this study, water-washing pretreatment of BR was adopted before biochar preparation (BRBC-W), and pristine biochar (BRBC) was also produced to serve as control. The adsorption behavior and possible adsorption mechanisms of tetracycline (TC) onto biochars were comprehensively studied. The results showed that water-washing pretreatment could increase the surface area and mesoporous volume of biochar from 358.63 to 391.98 cm3∙g-1, and 0.459 to 0.488 cm3∙g-1, respectively. More graphitic structure was observed in BRBC-W. In addition, the surface morphology, element content, minerals composition, and surface functional groups also changed in biochar after water-washing pretreatment. The pseudo-second-order and Redlich-Peterson models better descried the adsorption behavior of TC on BCRBC-W. The maximum adsorption capacity of BRBC and BRBC-W for TC based on Langmuir isotherm was 224.93 and 306.94 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption affinity of BRBC-W toward TC was greater than that of BRBC. BRBC and BRBC-W can effectively remove TC in water within a wide pH range and under the interference of co-existing ions. The adsorption mechanism of TC onto BRBC and BRBC-W included ore filling, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding. The enhancement of TC on BRBC-W by water-washing pretreatment was attributable to the strengthening of pore diffusion and π-π interaction. Therefore, water-washing pretreatment effectively enhanced the adsorption performance of BRB, and BRBC-W was an effective eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of TC from aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xinru Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Fu T, Zhang B, Gao X, Cui S, Guan CY, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Peng Y. Recent progresses, challenges, and opportunities of carbon-based materials applied in heavy metal polluted soil remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158810. [PMID: 36162572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of carbon-based materials (CBMs) for heavy metal polluted soil remediation has gained growing interest due to their versatile properties and excellent remediation performance. Although the progresses on applications of CBMs in removing heavy metal from aqueous solution and their corresponding mechanisms were well known, comprehensive review on applications of CBMs in heavy metal polluted soil remediation were less identified. Therefore, this review provided insights into advanced progresses on utilization of typical CBMs including biochar, activated carbon, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black for heavy metal polluted soil remediation. The mechanisms of CBM remediation of heavy metals in soil were summarized, mainly including physical adsorption, precipitation, complexation, electrostatic interaction, and cationic-π coordination. The key factors affecting the remediation effect include soil pH, organic matter, minerals, microorganisms, coexisting ions, moisture, and material size. Disadvantages of CBMs were also included, such as: potential health risks, high cost, and difficulty in achieving co-passivation of anions and cations. This work will contribute to our understanding of current research advances, challenges, and opportunities for CBMs remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China; Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou, Guiyang 550006, China; Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shihao Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Yujin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
| | - Bangxi Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou, Guiyang 550006, China.
| | - Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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Pseudomonas stutzeri Immobilized Sawdust Biochar for Nickel Ion Removal. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel ions generated from the electroplating industry and stainless steel and battery manufacturing industries contribute to water pollution, harm human health, and pose environmental risks. A long-term, sustainable, and efficient treatment method should be developed to address this issue. Bioremediation in the presence of biochar and microorganisms is a potential approach for metal ion abatement. This study evaluates the feasibility of Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized sawdust biochar (PSDB) for Ni2+ removal. Sawdust biochar was prepared by pyrolyzing in a muffle furnace and was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and BET. The influence of biochar preparation parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, time on biochar yield, and impact on cell immobilization was investigated. The effect of various parameters, such as incubation time, pH, temperature, and biocatalyst dosage, was studied. The total Ni2+ in solution was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. PSDB showed an 83% Ni2+ removal efficiency and reusability up to three cycles. FT-IR analysis revealed that the mechanism of Ni2+ removal by PSDB was the synergistic effect of adsorption by biochar and bioaccumulation by P. stutzeri. This study presents a novel approach for environmental application by utilizing waste biomass-derived biochar as a carrier support for bacteria and an adsorbent for pollutants.
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Zhang S, Zhong B, An X, Han Y, Xiao X, Zhang Q. Effect of moisture content on the evolution of bacterial communities and organic matter degradation during bioaugmented biogas residues composting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:1. [PMID: 36344669 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Composting is an excellent way to recycle biogas residues into a stable, non-toxic agricultural end product. In this study, the dynamic changes of physical-chemical parameters and bacterial community in three groups of bioaugmentation composting systems at different moisture contents (MC) of 50% (MC50), 60% (MC60) and 70% (MC70) were monitored. The differences of bacterial communities in composts with different initial MC were compared, and the interaction between biological and non-biological parameters was also explored. The results revealed that after 30 days of composting, the biogas residues compost in MC60 reached highest temperature of 64 °C, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of 2%, seed germination index (GI) of 110%, and the longest thermophilic period duration of 5 days (55 °C). Additionally, the result of high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity of bacterial communities in MC60 was the highest, and the abundance of Actinobacteria (16.93-52.63%), Firmicutes (8.71-56.75%), and Proteobacteria (16.88-46.95%) in all groups were the highest at phylum level. The LEfSe analysis indicated that the abundance of Ochrobactrum and Cellulomonadaceae in MC60 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than with other treatments. Moreover, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated thermophilic period duration is significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with Paenibacillus. Besides, it was found the relative abundance of Nocardiopsis and Georgenia has a significant (p < 0.01) correlation with the fertilizer efficiency of compost. These results showed that controlling the initial moisture content at 60% can improve the maturity and fertilizer efficiency of compost, and enable the bacteria beneficial to composting to gain the advantage of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhong
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Han
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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Deena SR, Vickram AS, Manikandan S, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Awasthi MK. Enhanced biogas production from food waste and activated sludge using advanced techniques - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127234. [PMID: 35489575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biogas generation using food waste anaerobic co-digestion with activated sludge provides a cleaner addressable system, an excellent solution to global challenges, the increasing energy demands, fuel charges, pollution and wastewater treatment. Regardless of the anaerobic digestate end product values, the technology lacks efficiency and process instability due to substrate irregularities. Process parameters and substrate composition, play a vital role in the efficiency and outcome of the system. Intrinsic biochar properties such as pore size, specific surface properties and cation exchange capacity make it an ideal additive that enriches microbial functions and enhances anaerobic digestion. The pretreatment and co-digestion of food waste and activated sludge are found to be significant for efficient biogas generation. The advantages, drawbacks, limitations, and technical improvements are covered extensively in the present review besides the recent advancement in the anaerobic digestion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhana Raj Deena
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, TaichengRoad3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - N Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, TaichengRoad3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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Wang Y, Zheng K, Jiao Z, Zhan W, Ge S, Ning S, Fang S, Ruan X. Simultaneous Removal of Cu 2+, Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ by Modified Wheat Straw Biochar from Aqueous Solution: Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Mechanism. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060316. [PMID: 35736924 PMCID: PMC9231304 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for removal of potential toxic metals from aqueous solution, biochar has received widespread attention. In the present study, wheat straw biochar (BC) and corresponding modified biochar (HNC) were used to remove Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from an aqueous solution. The influence of the environment factors on metals adsorption and adsorption mechanism were discussed in detail. The results showed that the HNC had porous structures and owned ample functional groups (-OH, -COOH and C-N groups) compared with the BC. In the single system, the adsorption capacities of HNC for Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ at a pH of 5.5 were 18.36, 22.83 and 49.38 mg/g, which were 76.89%, 164.36% and 22.75% higher than that of the BC, respectively. In addition, the adsorption process of Cu2+ and Cd2+ on BC and HNC fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, but the adsorption of Pb2+ on BC and HNC fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-first-order kinetics. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ by BC and HNC was a spontaneous endothermic process. The competitive adsorption of mixed metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) revealed that HNC was more preferential to adsorb Cu2+ compared with Cd2+ and Pb2+. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the main adsorption mechanisms were surface complexation and precipitation, and the adsorbed Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ on HNC mainly exist as CuO, Cd(OH)2, Pb3O4 and Pb(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiao
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenhao Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Shiji Ge
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shaopeng Ning
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinling Ruan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.J.); (S.G.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence:
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Sheng X, Wang J, Cui Q, Zhang W, Zhu X. A feasible biochar derived from biogas residue and its application in the efficient adsorption of tetracycline from an aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112175. [PMID: 34619130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of carbon materials from biogas residue (BR) could efficiently promote the efficient utilization of waste and the preparation of novel materials. In this study, a green and feasible reagent of citric acid was introduced and applied in the modification of biogas residue biochar (BRC). The modified biogas residue biochar (CABRC) showed a superior adsorption ability due to its higher specific surface area (approximately 6 times that of the BRC). Additionally, the adsorption capacities of CABRC and BRC for TC were 58.25 mg/g and 20.77 mg/g, respectively, while the TC adsorption performance of CABRC was 2.8 times that of BRC. The adsorption of TC by both BRC and CABRC was primarily controlled by physical adsorption and chemical adsorption (including pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π DEA interaction, and electrostatic interaction). Therefore, CABRC should be considered an environmentally friendly material due to its higher adsorption performance, which could expand its application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Junkai Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Quantao Cui
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Water Cycle Simulation and Environmental Protection, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection and Regional Coordination Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xinfeng Zhu
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China.
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Mocová KA, Petrová Š, Pohořelý M, Martinec M, Tourinho PS. Biochar reduces the toxicity of silver to barley (Hordeum vulgare) and springtails (Folsomia candida) in a natural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37435-37444. [PMID: 35066846 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochar in soil remediation is a promising method to deal with metal contamination. In the present study, the influence of biochar amendment on the toxicity of silver (as AgNO3) to terrestrial organisms was assessed. For this, toxicity tests were conducted with terrestrial plant barley (Hordeum vulgare) and invertebrate springtails (Folsomia candida) in the standard natural Lufa soil amended or not with a wood-derived biochar at 5% (w/w). Biochar addition increased root length and mass in barley, compared to unamended soil. However, the effects of Ag on barley growth were masked by a great variation among replicates in biochar-amended soil. Photosynthetic pigment contents (total chlorophyll and carotenoids) were lower in plants exposed to Ag in Lufa soil, but not in biochar-amended soil. Moreover, Ag drastically decreased dehydrogenase activity in Lufa soil. For springtails, the addition of biochar clearly decreased the toxicity of Ag. The LC50 was 320 mg Ag/kg in Lufa soil, while no mortality was observed up to 500 mg Ag/kg in biochar-amended soil. The EC50 for effects on reproduction was significantly higher in biochar-amended soil compared to unamended Lufa soil (315 and 215 mg Ag/kg, respectively). The wood-derived biochar used in this study has shown a potential for remediation of contaminated soils, as a decrease in Ag toxicity was observed in most endpoints analysed in barley and springtails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Anna Mocová
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Petrová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences V.V.I, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Pohořelý
- Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, V. V. I, Rozvojová 135, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Martinec
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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15
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Abidli A, Huang Y, Ben Rejeb Z, Zaoui A, Park CB. Sustainable and efficient technologies for removal and recovery of toxic and valuable metals from wastewater: Recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133102. [PMID: 34914948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their numerous effects on human health and the natural environment, water contamination with heavy metals and metalloids, caused by their extensive use in various technologies and industrial applications, continues to be a huge ecological issue that needs to be urgently tackled. Additionally, within the circular economy management framework, the recovery and recycling of metals-based waste as high value-added products (VAPs) is of great interest, owing to their high cost and the continuous depletion of their reserves and natural sources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies developed for the removal and recovery of metal pollutants from wastewater by providing an in-depth understanding of their remediation mechanisms, while analyzing and critically discussing the recent key advances regarding these treatment methods, their practical implementation and integration, as well as evaluating their advantages and remaining limitations. Herein, various treatment techniques are covered, including adsorption, reduction/oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation technologies, solvents extraction, chemical precipitation/co-precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, and bioremediation. A particular emphasis is placed on full recovery of the captured metal pollutants in various reusable forms as metal-based VAPs, mainly as solid precipitates, which is a powerful tool that offers substantial enhancement of the remediation processes' sustainability and cost-effectiveness. At the end, we have identified some prospective research directions for future work on this topic, while presenting some recommendations that can promote sustainability and economic feasibility of the existing treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Abidli
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeineb Ben Rejeb
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aniss Zaoui
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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16
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Cui L, Ippolito JA, Noerpel M, Scheckel KG, Yan J. Nutrient alterations following biochar application to a Cd-contaminated solution and soil. BIOCHAR 2021; 3:457-468. [PMID: 35059562 PMCID: PMC8764999 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-021-00106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochars, when applied to contaminated solutions or soils, may sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients. This purpose of this study focused on quantifying both phenomenon following wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) biochar application (0, 5, and 15% by wt) to a Cd containing solution and a Cd-contaminated paddy soil using 240-day laboratory batch experiments. Following both experiments, solid phases were analyzed for elemental associations using a combination of wet chemical sequential extractions and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). When wheat straw biochar was applied at 15% to Cd containing solutions, Cd and Zn concentrations decreased to below detection in some instances, Ca and Mg concentrations increased by up to 290%, and solution pH increased as compared to the 5% biochar application rate. Similar responses were observed when biochar was added to the Cd-contaminated paddy soil, suggesting that this particular biochar has the ability to sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients to the soil solution. When significant, positive correlations existed between nutrient release over time, while negative correlations were present between biochar application rate, potentially toxic element sorption and pH. The latter suggests that potentially toxic elements were sorbed by a combination of organic functional groups or mineral precipitation based on whether pH was above or below ~ 7. In support of this contention, the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with previously observed Cd or current Zn XAS showed that biochar application promoted the formation of layered double hydroxides, sorption to (oxy)hydroxides, and organically bound to biochar as Zn species. As a multifunctional material, biochar appears to play an important role in sequestering Cd while releasing essential plant nutrients. These findings suggest that biochar may be a 'win-win' for improving environmental quality in potentially toxic element contaminated agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - Matt Noerpel
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Jinlong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China
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Alves BSQ, Fernandes LA, Southard RJ. Biochar-cadmium retention and its effects after aging with Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08476. [PMID: 34926850 PMCID: PMC8649738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can become available to the environment from a variety of sources. The thermal transformation of organic residues into biochar can be a sustainable way to reduce cadmium environmental availability and, at the same time, a waste management solution. We studied sixteen biochars in two versions: unaged and aged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), regarding their Cd retention capacity. Feedstocks used included softwood biochar (SWB), almond shell (ASB), walnut shell (WSB), sewage sludge (SSB), and coconut shell (CSB); production temperatures varied from 450 to 900 °C. The objectives of this research were to understand the role of biochar properties on Cd adsorption rates and to evaluate how properties and adsorption rates vary as a function of H2O2 aging. Feedstock played a more important role than production temperature in determining biochar properties. Cd-adsorption capacity ranged from 0.67 to 415.67 mg/g, and the biochars that adsorbed the most Cd were SSB 700, SWB 800 - i, CSB 600 - m2, ASB 500-1, CSB 600 - m3, WSB 900, and CSB 600. The properties that best explained this variation in Cd retention were ash, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon content. Variation in oxygen content, cation exchange capacity and surface area had less impact of Cd adsorption. The H2O2 aging caused oxygen content to increase in all biochars, but the increase in Cd retention was not significant for the majority of the biochars and aging even reduced the Cd retention in some. Our results may help design biochars with maximized sites for Cd adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG 39404547, Brazil
| | - Randal J. Southard
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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18
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El-Naggar A, Ahmed N, Mosa A, Niazi NK, Yousaf B, Sharma A, Sarkar B, Cai Y, Chang SX. Nickel in soil and water: Sources, biogeochemistry, and remediation using biochar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126421. [PMID: 34171670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a potentially toxic element that contaminates soil and water, threatens food and water security, and hinders sustainable development globally. Biochar has emerged as a promising novel material for remediating Ni-contaminated environments. However, the potential for pristine and functionalized biochars to immobilize/adsorb Ni in soil and water, and the mechanisms involved have not been systematically reviewed. Here, we critically review the different dimensions of Ni contamination and remediation in soil and water, including its occurrence and biogeochemical behavior under different environmental conditions and ecotoxicological hazards, and its remediation using biochar. Biochar is effective in immobilizing Ni in soil and water via ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, (co)precipitation, physical adsorption, and reduction due to the biogeochemistry of Ni and the interaction of Ni with surface functional groups and organic/inorganic compounds contained in biochar. The efficiency for Ni removal is consistently greater with functionalized than pristine biochars. Physical (e.g., ball milling) and chemical (e.g., alkali/acidic treatment) activation achieve higher surface area, porosity, and active surface groups on biochar that enhance Ni immobilization. This review highlights possible risks and challenges of biochar application in Ni remediation, suggests future research directions, and discusses implications for environmental agencies and decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Naggar
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062 Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 Queensland, Australia
| | - Balal Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
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19
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Sun P, Hua Y, Zhao J, Wang C, Tan Q, Shen G. Insights into the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide activation with biochar produced from anaerobically digested residues at different pyrolysis temperatures for the degradation of BTEXS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147718. [PMID: 34022578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of large amounts of biogas residue from anaerobically digested waste is a burden on environment protection. Porous biochars (BCs) were synthesized from biogas residue at three pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 550 °C, and 800 °C) and used to catalyze H2O2 for the degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers (ortho, para, and meta), and styrene (BTEXS) to develop a new use for biogas residues. The prepared BCs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that BC800/H2O2 had the highest BTEXS degradation performance over 6 h. The degradation kinetic data were most consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. The different catalytic effect of the three BCs pyrolyzed at different temperatures were attributed to the dominant active sites (C-O/C-OH/C=C/C=O groups, pyridinic N, and graphitic N) that induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-quenching experiments indicated that the degradation of BTEXS by BC300/H2O2, BC550/H2O2, and BC800/H2O2 involved ∙OH, ∙O2-, and 1O2. ∙OH was the dominant ROS in BC300/H2O2 and BC550/H2O2, and 1O2 was the dominant ROS in BC800/H2O2. Our findings provided new insight into the different catalytic mechanisms for BC production at different pyrolysis temperatures and demonstrated that a porous BC catalyst with high utilization value could be prepared from biogas residue and could hold considerable potential for application in BTEXS treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Hua
- Shanghai Liming Resources Reuse Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201209, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong Agriculture Technology Extension Centre, Shanghai 201201, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qiren Tan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Guoqing Shen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Biochars and Engineered Biochars for Water and Soil Remediation: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biochars (BCs) are considered as ecofriendly and multifunctional materials with significant potential for remediation of contaminated water and soils, while engineered biochars (E-BCs) with enlarged surface areas and abundant surface functional groups can perform even better in environmental remediation. This review systematically summarizes the key physical and chemical properties of BCs that affect their pollutant sorption capacities, major methods employed for modification of E-BCs, the performance of BCs/E-BCs in removing major types of organic (e.g., antibiotics and pesticides) and inorganic pollutants (e.g., heavy metals), and the corresponding removal mechanisms. The physical and chemical properties of BCs—such as ash or mineral contents, aromaticity, surface structures, pH, and surface functional groups (e.g., C=O, -COOH, -OH, and -NH2)—depend primarily on their feedstock sources (i.e., plant, sludge, or fecal) and the pyrolysis temperature. Ion exchange, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and complexation are the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of inorganic pollutants on BCs/E-BCs, whereas hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces are the major driving forces for the uptake of organic pollutants. Despite their significant promises, more pilot and field scale investigations are necessary to demonstrate the practical applicability and viability of BCs/E-BCs in water and soil remediation.
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21
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Lu Y, Sun R, Zhang C, Ding S, Ying M, Shan S. In situ analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobically digested dairy manure and its subsequent disposal facilities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:124988. [PMID: 33894444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metagenomic and quantitative polymerase chain reaction approaches were combined to evaluate the profiles of ARGs and plasmids in anaerobically digested dairy manure in situ and reveal the persistence and elevation of typical ARGs and plasmids in its subsequent disposal facilities in CAFOs, respectively. Our results indicated that the typical ARGs and plasimd were mainly sul2, mefa, tetm-01, tetm-02, tetw, aph3iiia, and clostridioides difficile strain 12,038 plasmid unnamed in CAFOs, some of which greatly enriched in AD residue after its storage, especially sul1 and sul2. Meantime, the AD slurry recycling introduced the bacteria carrying ARGs into soil, especially Romboutsia genus, which greatly enriched sul2, tetm-01, tetm-02, aphiiia, and mefa. In the present study, ARGs occurrence, persistence and distribution were understood through in situ analysis of their profiles during dairy manure AD treatment and subsequent disposals in CAFOs, which are helpful for controlling the potential environmental risks from dairy manure recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Changai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Shaohua Ding
- Grain and Oil Crops Technology Extension Center of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Mengfei Ying
- Grain and Oil Crops Technology Extension Center of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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22
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Liu T, Chen Z, Li Z, Chen G, Zhou J, Chen Y, Zhu J, Chen Z. Rapid Separation and Efficient Removal of Cd Based on Enhancing Surface Precipitation by Carbonate-Modified Biochar. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18253-18259. [PMID: 34308056 PMCID: PMC8296603 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high buoyancy of biochar makes its application difficult in Cd removal. In this paper, the content of minerals was increased by modifying carbonate on the biochar surface using the vacuum impregnation method. Enhancing surface precipitation between minerals and Cd introduced a correspondingly great number of Cd precipitates on the biochar surface, leading to the rapid precipitation and separation of buoyant biochar. The physical and chemical properties of carbonate-modified biochar and the adsorption mechanism of Cd were comprehensively studied by jar tests, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the adsorption of Cd by carbonate-modified biochar was controlled by multiple mechanisms, including surface precipitation, surface complexation, and Cd-π interaction. Surface precipitation dominated the removal of Cd. The contributions of Cd removal mechanisms indicated that the contribution proportions of minerals increased from 89.73 to 97.9% when the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 to 600 °C, while the contribution proportions of Cd-π binding decreased from 9.99 to 2.08%. Meanwhile, oxygen functional groups have only a marginal effect on Cd adsorption. Besides, the results revealed that the higher surface hydrophobicity and the lower polarity were conducive to biochar separation from water. The Cd removal method can provide efficient adsorption and rapid separation, making it possible to use biochar in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Zhenshan Chen
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Yuanqi Chen
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Hunan
Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine
Environment Protection, Hunan University
of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- School
of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
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23
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Lu M, Shi X, Feng Q, Li X, Lian S, Zhang M, Guo R. Effects of humic acid modified oyster shell addition on lignocellulose degradation and nitrogen transformation during digestate composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124834. [PMID: 33639384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the performance of a novel humic acid modified oyster shell (MOS) bulking agent on the digestate composting. MOS was prepared by immobilizing humic acid onto oyster shell using solid phase grafting method, and then applied to the composting process. Results showed more obvious degradation of lignocellulose was observed in the MOS treatment, which was probably due to the high relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Moreover, the addition of MOS could significantly preserve NH4+ and reduce the NO3- generation with the decreasing abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. Besides, adding MOS reduced the N2O emission by 59.63% compared with the control. After composting, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra demonstrated that the humification degree as well as compost maturity was enhanced with MOS added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Lu
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Shi
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Quan Feng
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shujuan Lian
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Rongbo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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24
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Chen R, Cheng Y, Wang P, Wang Q, Wan S, Huang S, Su R, Song Y, Wang Y. Enhanced removal of Co(II) and Ni(II) from high-salinity aqueous solution using reductive self-assembly of three-dimensional magnetic fungal hyphal/graphene oxide nanofibers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143871. [PMID: 33293086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layer-structured graphene oxide excellent carrier for modifications; however, its poor recoverability and stability preclude its application in wastewater treatment fields. Herein, three-dimensional magnetic fungal hyphal/graphene oxide nanofibers (MFHGs) were assembled by a reductive self-assembly (RSA) strategy for the efficient capture of Co(II) and Ni(II) from high-salinity aqueous solution. The RSA strategy is inexpensive, eco-friendly and easy to scale up. The obtained MFHGs enhanced the dispersity and stability of graphene oxide and exhibited excellent magnetization and large coercivity, leading to satisfactory solid-liquid separation performance and denser sediment. The results of batch removal experiments showed that the maximum removal capacity of MFHGs for Ni(II) and Co(II) was 97.44 and 104.34 mg/g, respectively, in 2 g/L Na2SO4 aqueous solution with a pH of 6.0 at 323 K, and the effects of initial pH and ionic strength on Co(II) and Ni(II) removal were explored. Yield residue analysis indicated that the high porosity and oxygen-containing functional groups of MFHGs remarkably improved their Co(II)- and Ni(II)-removal capacities. According to the analysis, hydroxyl groups and amine groups participated in the chemical reaction of Co(II) and Ni(II) removal, and cation-exchange chemical adsorption was dominant during the Co(II)- and Ni(II)-removal process. Based on the attributes of MFHGs, a continuous-flow recycle reactor (CFRR) was proposed for emergency aqueous solution treatment and exhibited satisfactory removal efficiency and regeneration performance. The combination of MFHGs and the proposed CFRR is a promising water treatment strategy for rapid treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yuying Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410007, China.
| | - Qingwei Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Si Wan
- Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Changsha 410100, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shunhong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Rongkui Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yuxia Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Environment & Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Preparation of Porous Biochars by the Co-Pyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Hazelnut Shells and the Mechanism of the Nano-Zinc Oxide Composite and Cu(II) Adsorption Kinetics. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and hazelnut shells were selected for co-pyrolysis and chemically activated with K2CO3 in a N2 atmosphere. The biochar was then modified by photocatalysis. Hazelnut shells, as a solid waste, were selected as a carbon source additive because of its high cellulose content and similar structure to natural wood. Using hazelnut shells could increase the specific surface area, enhance the porosity, and improve the adsorption capacity of the biochar. Hazelnut shells could also reduce the content of heavy metals in the raw biochar materials, along with increasing the ecological security of biochar and contributing to its further development and utilization. FTIR was used to study the changes in the functional groups on the biochar surface. The layered porous structure of the biochar was observed by SEM. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity of the biochar was 42.28 mg/g after 24 h. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models effectively described Cu(II) adsorption.
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26
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Pan J, Gao B, Wang S, Guo K, Xu X, Yue Q. Waste-to-resources: Green preparation of magnetic biogas residues-based biochar for effective heavy metal removals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140283. [PMID: 32783860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural wastes disposal and polluted water purification are always the key issues of environmental restoration. In this work, a magnetic biogas residue-based biochar (mBR-C) by direct pyrolysis and sonochemical method was prepared from biogas residue (BR). Response design methodology based on Box-Behnken design was used for the preparation parameters optimization. The characterization results identified that mBR-C had well-developed pore structure and surface area, which was beneficial to diffuse and capture heavy metal ions. Traces of toxic heavy metal in mBR-C was leached (˂0.04 mg/L) through TCLP method, indicating the environmental safety of the magnetic biochar. Meanwhile, the mBR-C exhibited excellent solid-liquid separation efficiency because of its strong magnetism. The series of adsorption experiments indicated that mBR-C could capture Cu2+ and Pb2+ rapidly, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu2+ and Pb2+ was 75.76 and 181.82 mg/g, respectively, which was higher than some other biochars previously reported. mBR-C was further applied in the synthetic wastewater treatment, which could effectively purify at least 600 mL (150 BV) to meet emission standards. After several column adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity could still reach 85%, implying that mBR-C has good reusability and stability. Overall, the mBR-C can be used as an eco-friendly, desirable, economic and recyclable biosorbent in heavy metal polluted water treatment, providing a new idea for a combination of biogas residue recycle and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Pan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Kangying Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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27
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Duwiejuah AB, Abubakari AH, Quainoo AK, Amadu Y. Review of Biochar Properties and Remediation of Metal Pollution of Water and Soil. J Health Pollut 2020; 10:200902. [PMID: 32874758 PMCID: PMC7453820 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mining, waste disposal, and agrochemical residues have contributed to pollution of water and soil with toxic metals in most low- and middle-income countries, raising concerns of ecological safety and public health. This has prompted many studies into the production and utilization of biochars to adsorb toxic metal contaminants from soil and water. OBJECTIVE The present study presents a review of biochar properties, the mechanisms of toxic metal adsorption onto biochar, and sorption of toxic metal contaminants in water and soil in small scale applications and laboratory experiments. METHODS A total of 305 articles were collected, and after screening for relevance, a final of 164 articles from both high- and low- and middle-income countries were used in this review paper. DISCUSSION Biochar for sorption has proven effective and its raw materials are readily available, cost effective, environmentally stable and a good form of waste management. CONCLUSIONS Different techniques of biochar production influence the properties of biochar and adsorption of toxic metals from water and soil. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah
- Department of Ecotourism and Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul Halim Abubakari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Albert Kojo Quainoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yakubu Amadu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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28
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Biochar for Wastewater Treatment—Conversion Technologies and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biochar as a stable carbon-rich material shows incredible potential to handle water/wastewater contaminants. Its application is gaining increasing interest due to the availability of feedstock, the simplicity of the preparation methods, and their enhanced physico-chemical properties. The efficacy of biochar to remove organic and inorganic pollutants depends on its surface area, pore size distribution, surface functional groups, and the size of the molecules to be removed, while the physical architecture and surface properties of biochar depend on the nature of feedstock and the preparation method/conditions. For instance, pyrolysis at high temperatures generally produces hydrophobic biochars with higher surface area and micropore volume, allowing it to be more suitable for organic contaminants sorption, whereas biochars produced at low temperatures own smaller pore size, lower surface area, and higher oxygen-containing functional groups and are more suitable to remove inorganic contaminants. In the field of water/wastewater treatment, biochar can have extensive application prospects. Biochar have been widely used as an additive/support media during anaerobic digestion and as filter media for the removal of suspended matter, heavy metals and pathogens. Biochar was also tested for its efficiency as a support-based catalyst for the degradation of dyes and recalcitrant contaminants. The current review discusses on the different methods for biochar production and provides an overview of current applications of biochar in wastewater treatment.
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Naveed M, Mustafa A, Qura-Tul-Ain Azhar S, Kamran M, Zahir ZA, Núñez-Delgado A. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN and tree twigs derived biochar together retrieved Pb-induced growth, physiological and biochemical disturbances by minimizing its uptake and translocation in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 257:109974. [PMID: 31868638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities like industrial mining, refining and smelting release substantial amounts of lead (Pb) into the soil causing potential ecological menaces to environment, soil productivity and food security. Present pot scale study was undertaken to investigate the effects of tree twigs-derived biochar and a bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on Pb accumulation, growth, physiological, biochemical and antioxidative defense responses of mung bean grown in Pb spiked soil. The original soil was spiked with Pb (600 mg kg-1) and amended with biochar (1% w/w). Upon screening in laboratory, B. phytofirmans PsJN exhibited high Pb tolerance and was able to grow at high Pb concentrations. Surface-disinfected seeds of mung bean were inoculated with B. phytofirmans PsJN and sown in pots along with un-inoculated seeds. Data were collected for various growth, physiological and biochemical parameters from fully matured harvested plants. Application of biochar and B. phytofirmans PsJN ameliorated Pb induced negative impacts in mung bean both individually and in combination, but better growth, physiological and seed quality responses were observed with their combined use. Compared with respective controls, their combined use increased the following parameters in normal and Pb spiked soils, respectively: plant height (69% and 159%), root dry weight (97% and 130%), shoot dry weight (42% and 104%), number of pods (70% and 210%), grains weight (58% and 194%) and number of root nodules (71% and 255%). Moreover, combined use increased chlorophyll contents (27% and 37%), photosynthetic rate (93% and 204%), transpiration rate (42% and 132%), stomatal conductance (70% and 218%), sub-stomatal conductance (93% and 148%) and water use efficiency (35% and 43%). In addition, combined application of biochar and B. phytofirmans PsJN retarded Pb-induced oxidative stress by intensifying antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing activities of reactive oxygen species. Similarly, considerable reduction in Pb uptake, translocation and bioaccumulation in mung bean was noticed in Pb spiked soil due to applied amendments. Furthermore, their combined use resulted in considerable increase in grain quality parameters (protein, fat, ash) both in normal and Pb-spiked soils. Therefore, it can be inferred that interactive use of biochar and B. phytofirmans PsJN provides an efficient innovative strategy to repossess Pb induced growth, physiological, biochemical and oxidative disturbances in mung bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Syeda Qura-Tul-Ain Azhar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytech. School, Campus Univ. Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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30
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Pan J, Gao B, Song W, Xu X, Yue Q. Modified biogas residues as an eco-friendly and easily-recoverable biosorbent for nitrate and phosphate removals from surface water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121073. [PMID: 31499371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective managements of organic solid waste and surface water eutrophication can reuse/reduce solid waste resources, and ensure surface water safety. Herein, an easily-recoverable amine-functionalized biosorbent was developed from biogas residue (BR-N) for nitrate and phosphate removals from surface water. Physicochemical characteristics revealed that BR-N has a cross-staggered structure with abundant quaternary-amine groups to enhance the diffusion and electrostatic attraction of nitrate/phosphate. In batch studies, nitrate/phosphate could be effectively removed by the BR-N within a wide pH range of 5.0-9.0, and the maximum adsorption capacities of BR-N were 64.12 mg/g for nitrate and 34.40 mg P/g for phosphate. After continuous 8 cycles of adsorption-desorption, BR-N still exhibited >82% adsorption capacity for nitrate/phosphate removals, implying the high chemical stability and reusability for water treatment. Whereafter, BR-N has real application prospect in water treatment, which could effectively treat ˜380, ˜260 and ˜760 bed volumes (BV) of three actual eutrophic surface water to satisfy the surface water standard of China (GB3838-2002). The cost of BR-N was 2.89 $/kg evaluated by energy-economy assessment, indicating the low-cost production of biogas residue-based adsorbent for treating eutrophic surface water. Overall, this study provides a new idea for high-value utilization of organic solid waste and purification of eutrophic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Pan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, PR China.
| | - Wen Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
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Dai M, Zhou G, Ng HY, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li N, Qi X, Miao M, Liu Q, Kong Q. Diversity evolution of functional bacteria and resistance genes (CzcA) in aerobic activated sludge under Cd(II) stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109519. [PMID: 31514000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat divalent cadmium (Cd(II)) wastewater for 60 d to investigate the overall treatment performance, evolution of the bacterial community, and abundance of the Cd(II) resistance gene CzcA and shifts in its potential host bacteria. During stable operation with a Cd(II) concentration of 20 mg/L, the average removal efficiencies of Cd(II) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were more than 85% and that of total phosphorus was greater than 70%, while the total nitrogen (TN) was only about 45%. The protein (PN) content in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased significantly after Cd(II) addition, while polysaccharides displayed a decreasing trend (p < 0.05), indicating that EPS prefer to release PN to adsorb Cd(II) and protect bacteria from damage. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral analysis showed that fulvic acid-like substances were the most abundant chemical components of EPS. The addition of Cd(II) adversely affected most denitrifying bacteria (p < 0.05), which is consistent with the low TN removal. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CzcA gene abundance decreased as the Cd(II) concentration increased, possibly because expression of the CzcA gene was inhibited by Cd(II) stress. The majority of CzcA gene sequences were carried by Pseudomonas, making it the dominant genus among Cd(II)-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixue Dai
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Shandong Huankeyuan Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 50 Lishan Road, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Dongying Customs, 101 Fuqian Dajie, Dongying, 257091, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Dongying Customs, 101 Fuqian Dajie, Dongying, 257091, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Miao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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32
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Liu J, Jiang J, Aihemaiti A, Meng Y, Yang M, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zou Q, Chen X. Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using MgO-modified magnetic biochar derived from anaerobic digestion residue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109438. [PMID: 31479938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel MgO-modified magnetic biochar (MgO@MBC) was made by chemical co-precipitation of Mg2+/Fe3+ on anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) and subsequently pyrolyzing at different temperatures. MgO@MBC was used for phosphate recovery from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of MgO@MBC were comprehensively investigated using TEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, N2 adsorption-desorption and TGA. Results showed that MgO/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully deposited onto the surface of BC. The effects of reaction temperature, initial solution pH, MgO@MBC dosage, coexisting anions and phosphate concentration on the removal of phosphate by MgO@MBC were researched. Additionally, the adsorption process of phosphate onto MgO@MBC was well described by the pseudo second-order and pseudo first-order models, which indicated a chemisorption and physisorption process. Besides, the maximum adsorption capacity of MgO@MBC for phosphate by the Langmuir model were 149.25 mg/g at 25 °C. Moreover, the thermodynamic study suggested that the adsorption of phosphate onto MgO@MBC was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption mechanisms including physical absorption, surface electrostatic attraction, surface complexation and precipitation were revealed. It could be concluded that MgO@MBC exhibited high removal efficiency of phosphate and excellent magnetic property for the recovery. MgO@MBC could be utilized as a magnetically recoverable adsorbent to realize phosphate recovery and MgO@MBC after the adsorpion of phosphate could be applied in agricultural production as a fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | | | - Yuan Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quan Zou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuejing Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Kalumpha M, Guyo U, Zinyama NP, Vakira FM, Nyamunda BC. Adsorptive potential of Zea mays tassel activated carbon towards the removal of metformin hydrochloride from pharmaceutical effluent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:148-156. [PMID: 31423823 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1652561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Zea mays tassel which is a zero-value agricultural waste was used to produce a low-cost activated carbon using phosphoric acid as the activating agent. The prepared Z. mays tassel activated carbon (ZMTAC) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorbent was applied for adsorption of an emerging contaminant, metformin hydrochloride (MH) from pharmaceutical effluent. The effects of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial MH concentration and their interactions were investigated using a response surface methodology following a central composite experimental design (CCD). The optimum experimental conditions were as follows: pH 9.5, contact time 67.50 min, dosage 0.5750 g, and MH concentration 152.50 mg/L. The isotherm data followed Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.979; sum of square deviation, SSD = 0.321). The saturation adsorption capacity of ZMTAC was 44.84 mg/g at 20 °C. MH adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (higher R2 and smaller SSD values). The thermodynamic properties obtained showed that the adsorption process was feasible, endothermic and spontaneous. Consequently, the study demonstrated that Z. mays tassel is a potential precursor for preparation of adsorbents for the removal of the MH from pharmaceutical effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menala Kalumpha
- Department of Chemical Technology, Midlands State University, Senga, Zimbabwe
- Plus Five Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Upenyu Guyo
- Department of Chemical Technology, Midlands State University, Senga, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | - Benias C Nyamunda
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Mutare, Zimbabwe
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34
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Yang L, He L, Xue J, Wu L, Ma Y, Li H, Peng P, Li M, Zhang Z. Highly efficient nickel (II) removal by sewage sludge biochar supported α-Fe2O3 and α-FeOOH: Sorption characteristics and mechanisms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218114. [PMID: 31188870 PMCID: PMC6561682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach was employed to load α-Fe2O3 and α-FeOOH onto sewage sludge biochar (SBC) with the purpose of efficient nickel (Ni) removal. A high Ni(II) adsorption capacity of 35.50 mg·g-1 in 100 ppm Ni(II) solution with 10 mg modified sewage sludge biochar (MSBC) was achieved. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm were fitted well by the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model, respectively. The optimal pH was found around a neutral pH of 7. The adsorption mechanisms of Ni(II) onto MSBC were described as the synergistic effects of electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, inner-sphere complexation and co-precipitation. The initial rapid adsorption phenomenon could be attributed to electrostatic attraction and ion exchange, and then inner-sphere complexation and co-precipitation acted as a crucial role in the following step. The remarkable performance of MSBC provides an effective waste utilization approach to simultaneous sewage sludge recycle and Ni removal from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited (Scion), Forest System, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited (Scion), Forest System, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- * E-mail: (Li Wu); (Zulin Zhang)
| | - Yongfei Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (Li Wu); (Zulin Zhang)
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Cui L, Noerpel MR, Scheckel KG, Ippolito JA. Wheat straw biochar reduces environmental cadmium bioavailability. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:69-75. [PMID: 30779992 PMCID: PMC6487192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium contamination in waters and soils can lead to food chain accumulation and ultimately deterioration in human health; means for reducing bioavailable Cd are desperately required, and biochars may play a role. Long-term (240 d) lab incubation experiments were utilized to explain wheat straw-derived biochar effects on Cd sorption and decreasing Cd bioavailability in soils and solutions (0, 5, and 15% biochar as wt:wt or wt:vol, respectively), and to identify Cd forms present using both the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) chemical sequential extraction procedure and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Biochar Cd removal was up to ~90% from Cd-containing solutions and contaminated soil as compared to the control. Based on the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with XAS, biochar application promoted the formation of (oxy)hydroxide, carbonate, and organically bound Cd phases. As a material, biochar may be promoted as a tool for reducing and removing bioavailable Cd from contaminated waters and soils. Thus, biochar may play a role in reducing Cd bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and improving environmental quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1170, USA
| | - Matt R Noerpel
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land and Materials Management Division, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land and Materials Management Division, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1170, USA.
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36
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Sajjadi B, Broome JW, Chen WY, Mattern DL, Egiebor NO, Hammer N, Smith CL. Urea functionalization of ultrasound-treated biochar: A feasible strategy for enhancing heavy metal adsorption capacity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:20-30. [PMID: 30514482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of a series of our researches is to develop a novel acoustic-based method for activation of biochar. This study investigates the capability of biochar in adsorbing Ni(II) as a hazardous contaminant and aims at enhancing its adsorption capacity by the addition of extra nitrogen and most probably phosphorous and oxygen containing sites using an ultrasono-chemical modification mechanism. To reach this objective, biochar physically modified by low-frequency ultrasound waves (USB) was chemically treated by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and then functionalized by urea (CO(NH2)2). Cavitation induced by ultrasound waves exfoliates and breaks apart the regular shape of graphitic oxide layers of biochar, cleans smooth surfaces, and increases the porosity and permeability of biochar's carbonaceous structure. These phenomena synergistically combined with urea functionalization to attach the amine groups onto the biochar surface and remarkably increased the adsorption of Ni(II). It was found that the modified biochar could remove > 99% of 100 mg Ni(II)/L in only six hours, while the raw biochar removed only 73.5% of Ni(II) in twelve hours. It should be noted that physical treatment of biochar with ultrasound energy, which can be applied at room temperature for a very short duration, followed by chemical functionalization is an economical and efficient method of biochar modification compared with traditional methods, which are usually applied in a very severe temperature (>873 K) for a long duration. Such modified biochars can help protect human health from metal-ion corrosion of degrading piping in cities with aging infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharak Sajjadi
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Mississippi, 134 Anderson Hall, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - James William Broome
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Mississippi, 134 Anderson Hall, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Wei Yin Chen
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Mississippi, 134 Anderson Hall, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Daniell L Mattern
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nosa O Egiebor
- Environmental Resources Engineering Department, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF), 206 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Nathan Hammer
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, MS 38677, USA
| | - Cameron L Smith
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, MS 38677, USA
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Turan V, Khan SA, Iqbal M, Ramzani PMA, Fatima M. Promoting the productivity and quality of brinjal aligned with heavy metals immobilization in a wastewater irrigated heavy metal polluted soil with biochar and chitosan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:409-419. [PMID: 29906760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Depleting aquifers, lack of planning and low socioeconomic status of Pakistani farmers have led them to use wastewater (WW) for irrigating their crops causing food contamination with heavy metals and ultimately negative effects on human health. This study evaluates the effects of chitosan (CH) and biochar (BC) on growth and nutritional quality of brinjal plant together with in situ immobilization of heavy metals in a soil polluted with heavy metals due to irrigation with wastewater (SPHIW) and further irrigated with the same WW. Both CH and BC were applied at three different rates i.e. low rate [(LR), BC0.5%, CH0.5% and BC0.25%+CH0.25%], medium rate [(MR), BC1%, CH1% and BC0.5%+CH0.5%] and high rate [(HR), BC1.5%, CH1.5% and BC0.75%+CH0.75%]. Result revealed that brinjal growth, antioxidant enzymes, and fruit nutritional quality significantly improved from LR to HR for each amendment, relative to control. However, these results were more prominent with BC alone and BC+CH, compared with CH alone at each rate. Similarly, with few exceptions, significant reduction in Ni, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb concentrations in the root, shoot and fruit were found in sole CH treatment both at LR and MR but in both CH and BC+CH treatments at HR, relative to control. Interestingly, the concentrations of Fe in the roots, shoots and fruit were more pronounced at BC treatments relative to CH and BC+CH treatments at each rate, compared to control. Overall, the BC+CH treatment at HR was the most effective treatment for in situ immobilization of heavy metals in SPHIW and further irrigated with the same WW, compared to rest of the treatments. This study indicates that BC0.75%+CH0.75% treatment can be used to reduce mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in SPHIW and facilitates plant growth by improving the antioxidant system. However, the feasibility of BC0.75%+CH0.75% treatment should also be tested at the field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Turan
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, 12000 Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Shahbaz Ali Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Maryam Fatima
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Bogusz A, Oleszczuk P. Sequential extraction of nickel and zinc in sewage sludge- or biochar/sewage sludge-amended soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:927-935. [PMID: 29729510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in sewage sludge-amended soil and in sewage sludge/biochar-amended soil was investigated. The results were compared with ecotoxicological tests in order to determine the contribution of metals to the toxicity of amended soils. The study was conducted as a long-term field experiment. Sewage sludge (SL) or sewage sludge with a 2.5, 5 or 10% addition of biochar (BC) was added to the soil. Samples for analysis were taken immediately after experiment establishment as well as after 12 and 18 months from the beginning of the study. The fractionation analysis of Ni and Zn was performed using the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) three-step sequential extraction procedure. The following forms were determined: mobile (F1); bound to FeMn oxides (F2); bound to organic matter (F3) and residual (F4). The soil, SL and BC differed in the contribution of individual forms of the metals. The application of SL into the soil resulted in an increased soil content of mobile forms of Ni and Zn by 180 and 103%, respectively. The mobility index (MI) significantly increased, which evidences the risk related to the presence of these metals. Biochar in the sewage sludge significantly reduced the content of Ni and Zn in F1 fraction. The study also demonstrated that biochar amendment promotes the transition over time of available forms of Ni and Zn into their residual forms (F4), which leads to a further reduction in the environmental risk related to their presence in the environment. The conducted statistical analysis revealed only intermittent relationships between the individual forms of the metals and soil physicochemical properties and toxicity, which may indicate more complex mechanisms that occur in the experimental systems investigated. Therefore, the use of SL in combination with BC can be an effective method for reducing the environmental risk related to the presence of metals in SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bogusz
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, ul. Krucza 5/11, 00-548 Warszawa, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Zhao B, Xu X, Zeng F, Li H, Chen X. The hierarchical porous structure bio-char assessments produced by co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge and hazelnut shell and Cu(II) adsorption kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19423-19435. [PMID: 29728972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The co-pyrolysis technology was applied to municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and hazelnut shell with alkaline activating agent K2CO3 under N2 atmosphere. The innovative bio-char produced by co-pyrolysis had significant physical and chemical characteristics. The specific surface area reached 1990.23 m2/g, and the iodine absorption number was 1068.22 mg/g after co-pyrolysis at 850 °C. Although hazelnut shell was a kind of solid waste, it also had abundant cellulose resource, which could contribute to porous structure of bio-char during co-pyrolysis with MSS and decrease total heavy metals contents of raw material to increase security of bio-chars. Meanwhile, the residual fractions of heavy metals in bio-char were above 92.95% after co-pyrolysis at 900 °C except Cd to prevent heavy metals digestion, and the bio-char presented significant immobilization behavior from co-pyrolysis technology. Moreover, the yield and the iodine absorption number of bio-chars under different process variables were analyzed, and it was confirmed that appropriate process variables could contribute the yield and the iodine absorption number of bio-char and prevent to etch pore structure excessively to collapse. The changes of surface functional groups and crystallographic structure before and after co-pyrolysis were analyzed by FTIR and XRD, respectively. The hierarchical porous structure of bio-char was presented by SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity of the bio-char was 42.28 mg/g after 24 h, and surface functional groups acted as active binding sites for Cu(II) adsorption. Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model can describe process of Cu(II) adsorption well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xinyang Xu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Fanqiang Zeng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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40
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Hu X, Xue Y, Long L, Zhang K. Characteristics and batch experiments of acid- and alkali-modified corncob biomass for nitrate removal from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19932-19940. [PMID: 29740770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, modified biochar was adopted as an adsorbent for the nitrate removal in aqueous solutions. Raw material was impregnated in sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 1 mol/L) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 2 mol/L) separately and then prepared at 600 °C. After treated with acid, the BET specific surface area was much higher than that of unmodified and alkali-modified biochars. The low adsorption capacity and specific surface area of alkali-modified biochar may be due to the precipitate on the surface according to the results of XRD. In addition, the C-OH and C-H functional groups played a major part during adsorption progress. The batch experiments demonstrated that the acid-modified biochar exhibited a more excellent absorbability (12.75 mg/g) under the circumstance of neutral solution and room temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of MSA-CC was 34.20 mg/g, which was about 2.4 times higher than that of the unmodified. Low pH value can provide positive charge conditions to enhance the adsorption capacity. Overall, the biochar with excellent pore structure and chargeable functional group can be a potential application for nitrate removal which was low cost and effective. After treated with acid, biochar could adsorb negative charge species like nitrate due to electrostatic interaction. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingwen Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li Long
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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41
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Shahbaz AK, Iqbal M, Jabbar A, Hussain S, Ibrahim M. Assessment of nickel bioavailability through chemical extractants and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in an amended soil: Related changes in various parameters of red clover. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:116-127. [PMID: 29156303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Application of immobilizing agents may efficiently reduce the bioavailability of nickel (Ni) in the soil. Here we report the effect of biochar (BC), gravel sludge (GS) and zeolite (ZE) as a sole treatment and their combinations on the bioavailability of Ni after their application into a Ni-polluted soil. The bioavailability of Ni after the application of immobilizing agents was assessed through an indicator plant (red clover) and chemical indicators of bioavailability like soil water extract (SWE), DTPA and Ca(NO3)2 extracts. Additionally, the effects of Ni bioavailability and immobilizing agents on the growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of red clover were also observed. Application of ZE significantly reduced Ni concentrations in all chemical extracts compared to rest of the treatments. Similarly, the combined application of BC and ZE (BC+ ZE) significantly reduced Ni concentrations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) whereas, significant enhancement in the growth, physiological and biochemical attributes along with an improvement in antioxidant defence machinery of red clover plant, compared to rest of the treatments, were observed. Furthermore, BC+ ZE treatment significantly reduced bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Ni in red clover, compared to rest of the treatments. The Ni concentrations in red clover leaves individually reflected a good correlation with Ni concentrations in the extracts (SWE at R2=0.79, DTPA extract at R2=0.84 and Ca(NO3)2 extracts at R2=0.86). Our results indicate that combined application of ZE and BC can significantly reduce the Ni bioavailability in the soil while in parallel improve the antioxidant defence mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khan Shahbaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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