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Zhou J, Lin J, Zhan Y. Control of phosphorus release from sediment by iron/aluminum co-modified zeolite: efficiency, mechanism, and response of microbial communities in sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33708-33732. [PMID: 38689044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of iron/aluminum co-modified zeolite (FeAl-Z) covering and amendment for controlling the internal loading of phosphorus (P) from sediment to the overlying water (OW) and its controlling mechanism were explored. The response of the composition of sedimentary microbial communities in sediment and their function to the FeAl-Z capping and amendment was also examined. FeAl-Z showed good removal performance for phosphate in aqueous solution. The maximum phosphate adsorption quantity for FeAl-Z at pH 7 attained 11.2 mg P/g. The release of sediment endogenous phosphorus to OW can be successfully restrained by the FeAl-Z covering and amendment, and the suppression ability of FeAl-Z covering was stronger than that of FeAl-Z amendment. Under the capping or amendment condition, FeAl-Z can effectively inactivate the labile phosphorus measured by diffusion gradient in thin film (DGT-LP) in the overlying water and surface sediment. The added FeAl-Z transformed redox-sensitive phosphorus (BD-P) to metal oxide-bound phosphorus (NaOH-IP) and residual phosphorus (Res-P) in sediment, which increased the stability of inorganic phosphorus in the sediment. The passivation of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and DGT-LP in the surface sediment by FeAl-Z significantly contributed to the inhibition of sediment endogenous phosphorus release to OW by the FeAl-Z capping, and the passivation of SRP, DGT-LP and mobile phosphorus in the surface sediment played a pivotal role in the control of sediment internal phosphorus release by the FeAl-Z amendment. The FeAl-Z amendment and capping did not increase the liberation risk of Fe from sediment, and the microorganisms in the sediments under the conditions of FeAl-Z amendment and covering still can perform good ecological functions. Results of this research demonstrate that FeAl-Z capping has high application potential in the control of phosphorus transfer from sediment to OW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhou
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Wu X, Li R, Lin J. Contrasting effects of MgAl- and MgFe-based layered double hydroxides on phosphorus mobilization and microbial communities in sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140643. [PMID: 37939924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two types of layered double hydroxides (LDH) in-situ treatment on sediment phosphorus (P) mobilization and microbial community's structure were studied comparatively. The results presented that magnesium/aluminum-based (MA) and magnesium/iron (MF)-based LDH displayed great phosphate uptake ability in aqueous solution in a broad pH range of 3-8. The maximum phosphate sorption capacity of MA was 64.89 mg/g, around four times greater than that of MF (14.32 mg/g). Most of phosphate bound by MA and MF is hard to re-liberate under reduction and ordinary pH (5-9) conditions. In the in-situ remediation, the MA and MF capping/amendment both prevented P migration from the sediment to the overlying water (OL-water) under long-term anaerobic conditions, and MA had a better interception efficiency compared to MF in the same application mode. MA amendment significantly reduced mobile P (Mob-P) content in sediment and could remain its stable Mob-P inactivation capacity over a wide pH range. On the contrary, MF amendment increased Mob-P content in sediment and exhibited a variable ability to inactivate Mob-P under elevated pH conditions. MF can decrease Mob-P content at pH of 7 and 11 but increase Mob-P content at pH of 8-10. Under resuspension conditions, MA and MF capping groups still maintained low P levels in OL-water, while MA capping simultaneously showed a certain degree of resistance to sediment resuspension, but it had a weaker stabilizing effect for sediment than MF. Microbial community analysis manifested neither MA nor MF addition observably altered the sediment microbial diversity, but impacted the functional microorganisms' abundance and reshaped the microbial community's structure, intervening the sediment-P stabilization. Viewed from environmental friendliness, control efficiency, stability of P fixation capacity, and application convenience, MA capping wrapped by fabric is more suitable for addressing internal P loading in eutrophic lakes and holds great potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Ruzhong Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
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Jiang Y, Yan Q, Liu T, Xu Y, Han X, Ma X, Wang Y. Phosphorus adsorption characteristics and release risk in saline soils: a case study of Songnen Plain, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302763. [PMID: 38126021 PMCID: PMC10731378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Songnen Plain is one of the three major saline-alkali areas in China, covering a vast area, where drought and overgrazing have exacerbated the salinization trend, and will have great potential for development if utilized rationally. Phosphorus, as one of important soil nutrients, plays a crucial role in plant growth. How to minimize its loss and migration has become a current research hotspot. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the adsorption properties of phosphorus in soils affected by salinization and to establish the correlation between the potential for phosphorus release and soil properties. Methods A batch treatment test was conducted in this study using three soils with the various salinization degrees to examine the impact of environmental factors on the adsorption properties and potential release of phosphorus. Results and discussion It was found that the maximum phosphorus adsorption by the three salinization soils in 0-360 minutes accounted for 86.8%-90.5% of the total adsorption capacity; the equilibrium adsorption capacity was: HS> MS> LS. In cases where the phosphorus level in the surrounding liquid is low, the three levels of salinized soils exhibited varying levels of phosphorus discharge, with the adsorbent acting as the origin of contaminants. The Pseudo-second-order model kinetics and Langmuir equation can well describe the adsorption process, and the adsorption process is spontaneous heat absorption with entropy increase. Increasing the pH led to an increase in the adsorption of phosphorus from the three salinized soils. Additionally, the adsorption was enhanced by introducing varying concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, and Al3+ to the background solution. The phosphorus eutrophication release risk (ERI) demonstrated a gradual decline as temperature increased. Correlation analysis revealed a noteworthy positive correlation between TN, TP, and ERI, as well as a significant negative correlation between CEC, K+, and ERI. Furthermore, there was a highly significant negative correlation between coarse silt and fine silt. Considering local climatic and environmental factors is crucial for controlling the adsorption capacity of phosphorus in various salinized soils, as it can unveil the mechanism of phosphorus adsorption and impact its migration and release risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuliang Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Tonglinxi Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Huan Zhi Technology Co., LTD., Changchun, China
| | - Xing Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiulan Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Jin S, Lin J, Zhan Y. Immobilization of phosphorus in water-sediment system by iron-modified attapulgite, calcite, bentonite and dolomite under feed input condition: Efficiency, mechanism, application mode effect and response of microbial communities and iron mobilization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120777. [PMID: 37897994 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Four kinds of iron-based materials, i.e., iron-modified attapulgite, calcite, bentonite and dolomite (abbreviated as Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL, respectively) were prepared and used to immobilize the phosphorus in the system of overlying water (O-water) and sediment under the feed input condition, and their immobilization efficiencies and mechanisms were investigated. The influence of application mode on the immobilization of phosphorus in the water-sediment system by Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL was researched. The effects of Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL on the concentration of labile iron in the water-sediment system and the microbial communities in sediment were also studied. The results showed that the Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL addition all can effectively immobilize the soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)-labile phosphorus in O-water under the feed input condition, and also had the ability to inactivate the DGT-labile phosphorus in the top sediment. Although the change in the application mode from the one-time addition to the multiple addition reduced the inactivation efficiencies of SRP and DTP in O-water in the early period of application, it increased the immobilization efficiencies in the later period of application. Although Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL had a certain releasing risk of iron into the pore water, they had negligible risk of iron release into O-water. The addition of Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT or Fe-DOL reshaped the sediment bacterial community structure and can affect the microorganism-driven phosphorus cycle in the sediment. Results of this work suggest that Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL are promising phosphorus-inactivation materials to immobilize the phosphorus in the water-sediment system under the feed input condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Duan P, Ding S, Jiao L, Wang M, Zhang Y, Qian C. Simultaneous immobilization of ammonia and phosphorous by thermally treated sediment co-modified with hydrophilic organic matter and zeolite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117800. [PMID: 37030239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of calcined sediments (CS) for thin-layer capping is an environment-friendly technology for controlling nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) release. However, the effects of CS derived materials and efficiency in controlling the sedimentary N/P ratio have not been thoroughly investigated. While zeolite-based materials have been proven efficient to remove ammonia, it is limited by the low adsorption capacity of PO43-. Herein, CS co-modified with zeolite and hydrophilic organic matter (HIM) was synthesized to simultaneously immobilize ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and remove P, due to the superior ecological security of natural HIM. Studies on the influences of calcination temperature and composition ratio indicated that 600 °C and 40% zeolite were the optimal parameters leading to the highest adsorption capacity and lowest equilibrium concentration. Compared with doping with polyaluminum chloride, doping with HIM not only enhanced P removal but also achieved higher NH4+-N immobilization efficacy. The efficiency of zeolite/CS/HIM capping and amendment in prohibiting the discharge of N/P from sediments was assessed via simulation experiments, and the relevant control mechanism was studied at the molecular level. The results indicated that zeolite/CS/HIM can reduce 49.98% and 72.27% of the N flux and 32.10% and 76.47% of the P flux in slightly and highly polluted sediments, respectively. Capping and incubation with zeolite/CS/HIM simultaneously resulted in substantial reductions in NH4+-N and dissolved total P in overlying water and pore water. Chemical state analysis indicated that HIM enhanced the NH4+-N adsorption ability of CS owing to its abundant carbonyl groups and indirectly increased P adsorption by protonating mineral surface groups. This research provides a novel strategy to control sedimentary nutrient release by adopting an efficient and ecologically secure remediation method to rehabilitate eutrophic lake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhou Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China; Environmental Standard Institute, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Leping Branch of Jingdezhen Ecological Environment Bureau, Jiangxi, Leping, 333300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Coal Mining Geological Engineering Consulting and Geological Environment Monitoring Center, Guizhou, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
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Sun F, Zhan Y, Lin J. Effect of capping mode on control of phosphorus release from sediment by lanthanum hydroxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28102-x. [PMID: 37280493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of in situ active capping to control phosphorus release from sediment has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. It is important to identify the effect of capping mode on the control of phosphorus release from sediment by the in situ active capping method. In this study, the impact of capping mode on the restraint of phosphorus migration from sediment into overlying water (OW) by lanthanum hydroxide (LH) was studied. Under no suspended particulate matter (SPM) deposition condition, LH capping effectively restrained the liberation of endogenous phosphorus into OW during anoxia, and the inactivation of diffusive gradient in thin film-unstable phosphorus (UPDGT) and mobile phosphorus (PMobile) in the topmost sediment served as a significant role in the restraint of endogenous phosphorus migration into OW by LH capping. Under no SPM deposition, although the transformation of capping mode from the single high dose capping to the multiple smaller doses capping had a certain negative impact on the restraint efficiency of endogenous phosphorus liberation to OW by LH in the early period of application, it increased the stability of phosphorus in the static layer in the later period of application. Under SPM deposition condition, LH capping had the capability to mitigate the risk of endogenous phosphorus liberation into OW under anoxia conditions, and the inactivation of UPDGT and PMobile in the topmost sediment was a significant mechanism for the control of sediment phosphorus liberation into OW by LH capping. Under SPM deposition condition, the change in the covering mode from the one-time high dose covering to the multiple smaller doses covering decreased the efficiency of LH to limit the endogenous phosphorus transport into OW in the early period of application, but it increased the performance of LH to restrain the sedimentary P liberation during the later period of application. The results of this work suggest that the multiple LH capping is a promising approach for controlling the internal phosphorus loading in freshwater bodies where SPM deposition often occurs in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Sun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Lin J, Xiang W, Zhan Y. Comparison of magnetite, hematite and goethite amendment and capping in control of phosphorus release from sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66080-66101. [PMID: 37097581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics and mechanism of phosphate adsorption onto magnetite, hematite and goethite were comparatively studied, and the effects of magnetite, hematite and goethite amendment and capping on endogenous phosphorus (P) liberation from sediment into overlying water (OW) were comparatively investigated. The adsorption of phosphate onto magnetite, hematite and goethite mainly obeyed the inner-sphere complexation mechanism, and the phosphate adsorption capacity decreased in the order of magnetite > goethite > hematite. The magnetite, hematite and goethite amendment all can decrease the risk of endogenous Prelease into OW under anoxic conditions, and the inactivation of diffusion gradients in thin films-labile P in sediment made a great contribution to the restraint of endogenous P release into OW by the magnetite, hematite and goethite amendment. The efficiency of endogenous P release restraint by the iron oxide addition decreased in the order of magnetite > goethite > hematite. The magnetite, hematite and goethite capping all can be effective for the suppression of endogenous P release from sediment into OW under anoxic conditions, and most of P immobilized by the magnetite, hematite and goethite capping layers is relatively or very stable. The results obtained from this work suggest that magnetite is more suitably used a capping/amendment material to prevent P release from sediment than hematite and goethite, and magnetite capping is a promising approach for hindering sedimentary P release into OW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Weijie Xiang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Sun C, Zhong J, Pan G, Mortimer RJG, Yu J, Wen S, Zhang L, Yin H, Fan C. Controlling internal nitrogen and phosphorus loading using Ca-poor soil capping in shallow eutrophic lakes: Long-term effects and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119797. [PMID: 36870105 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clean soil is a potential capping material for controlling internal nutrient loading and helping the recovery of macrophytes in eutrophic lakes, but the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of clean soil capping under in-situ conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, a three-year field capping enclosure experiment combining intact sediment core incubation, in-situ porewater sampling, isotherm adsorption experiments and analysis of sediment nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fractions was conducted to assess the long-term performance of clean soil capping on internal loading in Lake Taihu. Our results indicate that clean soil has excellent P adsorption and retention capacity as an ecologically safe capping material and can effectively mitigate NH4+-N and SRP (soluble reactive P) fluxes at the sediment-water interface (SWI) and porewater SRP concentration for one year after capping. The mean NH4+-N and SRP fluxes of capping sediment were 34.86 mg m-2 h-1 and -1.58 mg m-2 h-1, compared 82.99 mg m-2 h-1 and 6.29 mg m-2 h-1 for control sediment. Clean soil controls internal NH4+-N release through cation (mainly Al3+) exchange mechanisms, while for SRP, clean soil can not only react with SRP due to its high Al and Fe content, but also stimulate the migration of active Ca2+ to the capping layer, thus precipitating as Ca-bound P (Ca-P). Clean soil capping also contributed to the restoration of macrophytes during the growing season. However, the effect of controlling internal nutrient loading only lasted for one year under in-situ conditions, after which the sediment properties returned to pre-capping conditions. Our results highlight that clean Ca-poor soil is a promising capping material and further research is needed to extend the longevity of this geoengineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jicheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Gang Pan
- School of Humanities, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, UK; School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Robert J G Mortimer
- School of Humanities, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, UK
| | - Juhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, PR China
| | - Shuailong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Hongbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Chengxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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Xia L, Verbeeck M, Bergen B, Smolders E. Effect of external and internal loading on source-sink phosphorus dynamics of river sediment amended with iron-rich glauconite sand. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117396. [PMID: 36739774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glauconite sands (GS) are abundantly available iron (Fe)-rich minerals that are efficient in lowering the release of phosphorus (P) from sediments to the overlying water. Many river sediments are, however, net sinks for P rather than sources and it is unclear if these GS minerals also enhance the P uptake from water. This is because the concentration of Fe(III) minerals at the sediment-water interface (SWI) depends on the redox potential that is affected by physicochemical processes. This study was set-up to investigate if a sediment amendment with GS can both lower P release from the sediment and enhance P uptake from the overlying water. The P fluxes across the SWI were compared between GS-amended (added at 10% weight fraction) and non-amended river sediment in static (incubation) and dynamic (flume) systems. The net P uptake was measured in response to a pulse external P loading (0.5-5 mg P L-1). Sodium glutamate was added to all treatments to simulate water with a high oxygen demand. Before the P pulse, the GS-amended sediments released significantly less P to the overlying water than the non-amended sediments in both static as dynamic systems. Spiking the water reverted the net P flux over the SWI only in the dynamic system, and the net P uptake in the sediment was factor two larger in GS-amended sediment compared to the non-amended sediment. This study showed that GS addition not only reduced internal P release, but also enhanced P uptake from the overlying water. However, the long-term efficiency in streams likely decreases over time due to saturation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mieke Verbeeck
- Soil Service of Belgium, Willem De Croylaan 48, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Benoit Bergen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Wang M, Xu D, Ma H, Li B, Howard A. Synthesis of NaA zeolite from foundry dust and its adsorption capacity of ammonia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117297. [PMID: 36646039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of water bodies due to excess ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is harmful to aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, foundry dust (FD) from foundry industry was used to synthesize NaA zeolite to use as an adsorbent to remove NH4+-N from wastewater. Results demonstrate that FD could be successfully synthesized to form a foundry dust-based NaA zeolite (FZA) through adjustment of the silica-alumina ratio of n (SiO2)/n (Al2O3) at 2 at 95 °C. Specific surface area, total pore volume, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and maximum adsorption NH4+-N of FZA was respectively 43.185 cm2/g, 0.0364 cm3/g, 212.35 mmol/100 g and 37.81 mg/g, which was 4.74, 1.54, 1.52 and 1.62 times as much as the NaA zeolite (SZA). FZA with higher adsorption NH4+-N capacity was related to higher specific surface area and CEC. The NH4+-N adsorption amount of 28.57 mg/g by FZA was obtained after the fourth regeneration, which was notably higher than that of SZA (23.27 mg/g). The desorption rate of NH4+-N from FZA was 87% by the fourth regeneration. FZA effectively removed NH4+-N from swine wastewater containing 153.32 mg/L NH4+-N. Results suggest that FZA could be used as absorbent to removal NH4+-N from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Defu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Alan Howard
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
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Qu Y, Zhao L, Jin Z, Yang H, Tu C, Che F, Russel M, Song X, Huang W. Study on the management efficiency of lanthanum/iron co-modified attapulgite on sediment phosphorus load. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137315. [PMID: 36410519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Attapulgite co-modified by lanthanum-iron (MT-LHMT) was used to study its effectiveness and mechanism in controlling phosphorus release from sediments. MT-LHMT has high adsorption capacity for phosphate and the maximum adsorption capacity of MT-LHMT to phosphate can reach 75.79 mg/g. The mechanism mainly involved electrostatic action, surface precipitation and ligand exchange between MT-LHMT bonded hydroxyl and phosphate to form La-O-P and Fe-O-P inner-sphere complexes. MT-LHMT has excellent adsorption performance in the pH range of 3-8. In addition to HCO3-, CO32- and HA- had a negative effect on the phosphorus removal of MT-LHMT, while NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had a positive or no effect on phosphorus removal. MT-LHMT significantly reduced the risk of phosphorus release from overlying water in different dose effects and covering methods, as well as the unstable inactivation of flowing phosphorus, sediment dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and available phosphorus with medium diffusion gradient in thin film in the sediment-water interface (Labile-PDGT). The MT-LHMT capping wrapped with fabric can reduce the risk of nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water more than only MT-LHMT capping. The results of this study showed that the MT-LHMT capping wrapped with fabric has high potential and can be used as an active capping material to manage the nitrogen and phosphorus load in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Qu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Province, Panjin, 124221, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Zhenghai Jin
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Haoran Yang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Chengqi Tu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Feifei Che
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Mohammad Russel
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Province, Panjin, 124221, PR China
| | - Xinshan Song
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
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12
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Ma Y, Zhu J, Yu J, Fu Y, Gong C, Huang X. Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Based on Al-Doped Waste Ceramsite: Batch and Column Experiments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:671. [PMID: 36612990 PMCID: PMC9819071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus widely existing in rainfall and wastewater impacts the water environment. In this study, sludge, cement block, and coal fly ash were employed as ceramsite material to synthesize Al-doped waste ceramsite (Al-ceramsite) for removing phosphate (PO43--P) from aqueous solutions. Batch static adsorption-desorption experiments were designed to investigate the effect of various parameters such as Al-ceramsite dosage, PO43--P concentration, temperature, initial pH, coexisting ions, and desorbents on the removal of PO43--P. Also, the fate of PO43--P removal efficiency in actual rainwater was studied through dynamic adsorption column experiments using Al-ceramsite. Results showed that Al-ceramsite could remove PO43--P efficiently under the optimum parameters as follows: Al-ceramsite dosage of 40 g/L, initial PO43--P concentration of 10 mg/L, temperature of 25 °C, and pH of 5. Besides that, the Al-ceramsite could completely remove PO43--P in actual rainwater, and the effluent PO43--P concentration was lower than the environmental quality standards for surface water Class Ⅰ (0.02 mg/L). The adsorption characteristics of Al-ceramsite on PO43--P by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were further explained. As a result, ligand exchange and complexation were confirmed as the main PO43--P removal mechanism of Al-ceramsite. Thus, Al-ceramsite was prepared from industrial waste and has shown excellent potential for phosphorus removal in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yicheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Chao Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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13
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Sun S, Zhang M, Gu X, He S, Tang L. Microbial response mechanism of plants and zero valent iron in ecological floating bed: Synchronous nitrogen, phosphorus removal and greenhouse gas emission reduction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116326. [PMID: 36182841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based ecological floating beds (EFBs) are often used to treat the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant to enhance the denitrification process. However, the impact and necessity of plants on iron-based EFBs have not been systematically studied. In this research, two iron-based EFBs with and without plants (EFB-P and EFB) were performed to investigate the response of plants on nutrient removal, GHG emissions, microbial communities and functional genes. Results showed the total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal in EFB-P was 45-79% and 48-72%, respectively, while that in EFB was 31-67% and 44-57%. Meanwhile, plants could decrease CH4 emission flux (0-3.89 mg m-2 d-1) and improve CO2 absorption (4704-22321 mg m-2 d-1). Plants could increase the abundance of Nitrosospira to 1.6% which was a kind of nitrifying bacteria dominant in plant rhizosphere. Among all denitrification related genera, Simplicispira (13.08%) and Novosphingobium (6.25%) accounted for the highest proportion of plant rhizosphere and iron scrap, respectively. Anammox bacteria such as Candidatus_Brocadia was more enriched on iron scraps with the highest proportion was 1.21% in EFB-P, and 2.20% in EFB. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that plants were the critical factor determining microbial community composition. TN removal pathways were mixotrophic denitrification and anammox in EFB-P while TP removal pathways were plant uptake and phosphorus-iron coprecipitation. In general, plants play an important directly or indirectly role in iron-based EFBs systems, which could not only improve nutrients removal, but also minimize the global warming potential and alleviate the greenhouse effect to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xushun Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 20092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.
| | - Li Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai, 200031, PR China; Shanghai Landscape Architecture Design Institute, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
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14
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Li Q, Liu L, He H, Yan W. Inhibition of sediment internal phosphorus release in agricultural drainage ditches by ceria nanoparticle capping. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81789-81803. [PMID: 35739441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) were introduced as an in-situ capping agent to inhibit the release of phosphorus (P) from sediments of agricultural drainage ditches. High-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) techniques were used to measure the concentrations of P and iron (Fe) in the overlying water and sediments. The results showed that the CNP capping not only decreased the soluble reactive P (SRP) in the overlying water by 55.36% but also decreased the SRP in the pore water by 30.06%. More importantly, after the CNP capping, the flux of SRP from the pore water to the overlying water decreased by 34.12%, indicating that CNP capping can effectively inhibit the release of P from sediments to the overlying water. In addition, 38.38% of DGT-labile P was immobilized using CNP capping. Furthermore, the results of P speciation showed that CNP capping led to the change of P species from easily released NH4Cl-extractable P (NH4Cl-P) and Na2S2O4/NaHCO3-extractable P (BD-P) to more stable HCl-extractable P (HCl-P) and residual P (Res-P). These results show that CNP capping can further decrease the release of P from sediments to the overlying water. The present study shows that CNP is a feasible and effective capping material to inhibit the release of P from sediments of agricultural drainage ditches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Huaijie He
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Wenming Yan
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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15
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Lei J, Lin J, Zhan Y, Wen X, Li Y. Effect of sediment burial depth on the control of sedimentary phosphorus release by iron/aluminum co-modified calcite and strategy for overcoming the negative effect of sediment burial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156467. [PMID: 35660602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
After placing an active capping material on surface sediments, the capping layer will be buried by the newly formed sediment. In this research, the influence of sediment burial depth on the performance of iron/aluminum co-modified calcite (FeAlCAL) to suppress sedimentary phosphorus (P) release into overlaying water (OL-water) was studied. Furthermore, in order to find out the strategy for overcoming the negative effect of sediment burial, the efficiencies and mechanisms of three different FeAlCAL treatments (one-time FeAlCAL capping with 3 cm sediment burial, multiple FeAlCAL capping with 1 cm sediment burial, and amendment of top 3 cm sediment with FeAlCAL) in the inhibition of sediment P release were contrastively studied. The results showed that with the increase of sediment burial depth, the efficiency of FeAlCAL to block the release of sediment P into OL-water gradually decreased until the FeAlCAL lost the ability to hinder sediment-P release. In contrast to the one-time FeAlCAL capping in the presence of 3 cm sediment burial, the multiple FeAlCAL capping in the presence of 1 cm sediment burial and amendment of top 3 cm sediment with FeAlCAL both effectively prevented the release of P from sediment into OL-water. All results of this work suggest that although sediment burial can negatively affect the ability of FeAlCAL in the inhibition of sediment P release into OL-water and the negative effect becomes stronger as the sediment burial depth increases, the transformation of the application mode of FeAlCAL from one-time capping to multiple capping or from capping to amendment can overcome the negative influence of sediment burial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lei
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yanqi Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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16
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Xu Y, Liao H, Zhang J, Lu H, He X, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wang H, Lu M. A Novel Ca-Modified Biochar for Efficient Recovery of Phosphorus from Aqueous Solution and Its Application as a Phosphorus Biofertilizer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162755. [PMID: 36014620 PMCID: PMC9413443 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recovery phosphorus (P) from P-contaminated wastewater is an efficient and environmentally friendly mean to prevent water pollution and alleviate the P shortage crisis. In this study, oyster shell as calcium sources and peanut shells as carbon sources (mass ratio 1:1) were used to prepare a novel Ca-modified biochar (OBC) via co-pyrolysis, and its potential application after P adsorption as a P biofertilizer for soil was also investigated. The results shown that OBC had a remarkable P adsorption capacity from wastewater in a wide range of pH 4−12. The maximum P adsorption capacity of OBC was about 168.2 mg/g with adsorbent dosage 1 g/L, which was about 27.6 times that of the unmodified biochar. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were better described by Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.986) and the pseudo second-order model (R2 > 0.975), respectively. Characterization analysis of OBC before and after P adsorption by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and specific surface area and porosity analyzer (BET) indicated that the remarkable P adsorption capacity of OBC was mainly ascribed to chemical precipitation, electrostatic adsorption, and hydrogen bonding. Pot experiment results showed that OBC after P adsorption could significantly promote the germination and growth of Spinacia, which manifested that OBC after P adsorption exhibited a good ability to be reused as P fertilizer for soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Huan Liao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haijun Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Xinghua He
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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17
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Hong SH, Lee CG, Park SJ. Application of calcium-rich mineral under nonwoven fabric mats and sand armor as cap layer for interrupting N and P release from river sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59444-59455. [PMID: 35381927 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the applicability of thermally treated calcium-rich minerals (CRMs), such as sepiolite (SPL), attapulgite (ATT), and dolomite (DLM) to hinder the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release from river sediments. A non-woven fabric mat (NWFM) or a sand layer were also capped as armor layers, i.e., placed over CRMs to investigate the capping impact on the N/P release. The capping efficiency was evaluated in a cylindrical reactor, consisting of CRMs, armor layers, sediments, and sampled water. We monitored N/P concentrations, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential, pH, and electric conductivity in overlying water over 70 days. The DO concentrations in the uncapped and capped conditions were preserved for 30 days and 70 days (until the end of experiment duration), respectively. ATT showed higher efficiency for NH4-N and T-N than the other two materials, and the capping efficiency of NH4-N was measured as 96.4%, 93.7%, and 61.6% when capped with 2-cm sand layer, 1-cm sand layer, and NWFM layer, respectively. DLM showed a superior rejection capability of PO4-P to ATT and SPL, reported as 97.2% when capped with 2-cm sand armor. The content of weakly adsorbed-P was lower in the uncapped condition than in the capping condition. It can be concluded that ATT and DLM can be used as capping agents to deactivate N and P, respectively, to reduce water contamination from sediments of the eutrophic river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Hong
- Department of Integrated System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Integrated System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Yin X, Li X, Petropoulos E, Feng Y, Yang B, Xue L, Yang L, He S. Phosphate removal from actual wastewater via La(OH) 3-C 3N 4 adsorption: Performance, mechanisms and applicability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152791. [PMID: 34990668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, La(OH)3 nanoparticles were immobilized on C3N4 to effectively restrict their aggregation and subsequently enhance the La utilization efficiency to promote phosphate adsorption. The prepared La(OH)3-C3N4 nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET and Zeta potential analysis. Batch and continuously-fed (fixed-bed column) experiments to assess the adsorption performance of La(OH)3-C3N4 showed that the composite exhibits superior utilization efficiency, resulting to relatively quick adsorption with a short equilibrium time of 30 min. The theoretical maximum P adsorption capacity reached the 148.35 mg·g-1, efficiency that remained unaffected by the anions and HA present. The adsorption mechanism showed stability in a wide pH range (4.0-11.0) and is considered effective even after extensive use (five-cycles). The dynamics of the adsorption capacity and the half-penetration time values were estimated by 'Thomas' and 'Yoon-Nelson' models showed that are better represented from the experimental values obtained from the fixed-bed column trial. The adsorption mechanisms were attributed to surface precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange. Furthermore, La(OH)3-C3N4 demonstrated high efficiency in scavenging phosphate from both diluted and concentrated wastewater (natural pond and swine wastewater respectively). The above confirm that La(OH)3-C3N4 is a promising composite material for phosphate management in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Yin
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | | | - Yanfang Feng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bei Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lihong Xue
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shiying He
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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19
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Xia L, David T, Verbeeck M, Bruneel Y, Smolders E. Iron rich glauconite sand as an efficient phosphate immobilising agent in river sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152483. [PMID: 34923017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reductive dissolution of iron (Fe) (oxy)hydroxides in sediments releases phosphorus (P) to the overlying water and may lead to eutrophication. Glauconite sands (GS) are rich in Fe and may be used as readily available P sorbents. This study was set up to test effects of dose and type of GS on the P immobilisation in sediments under hypoxic conditions. Three different GS were amended to a P-rich river sediment at doses of 0% (control), 5% and 10% (weight fractions) and incubated with overlying water in batch laboratory conditions. Glutamate was added to the solution after 15 days to deplete any residual dissolved oxygen from the sediment-water interface. In the first 15 days, the P concentration in the overlying water peaked to 1.5 mg P L-1 at day 9 in the control and decreased to 0.9 mg P L-1 at lowest Fe-dose and to 0.03 mg P L-1 at the highest Fe-dose, the effects of GS type and dose were explained by the Fe dose. After 15 days, the added glutamate induced a second, and larger peak of P in the overlying water in sediment, that peak was lower in amended sediments but no GS dose or type related effects were found. This suggests that freshly precipitated P species at the sediment-water interface can be remobilised. This study highlights the potential for using this natural mineral as a cheap and easily available sediment remediation material, but its longevity under rare extreme conditions needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tom David
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verbeeck
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Yaana Bruneel
- Laboratoire de Mesure et Modélisation de la Migration des Radionucléides (L3MR), CEA Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Ma X, Li Y, Xu D, Tian H, Yang H. Simultaneous adsorption of ammonia and phosphate using ferric sulfate modified carbon/zeolite composite from coal gasification slag. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114404. [PMID: 34991024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Removal of nutrients in water is crucial to control eutrophication. Fly ash has been increasingly used to synthesize zeolite to remove nutrients, but it is still poorly understood about the removal capacity of zeolite synthesized from coal gasification slag (CGS), which has not been well recycled in many countries. In this study, the CGS was acid leached, alkali dissolved, and synthesized to carbon/zeolite composite (C/ZC) under induction by medical stone. After being modified by ferric sulfate, the composite was analyzed for the adsorption of NH4+ and PO43-. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity by C/ZC is 5.17 mg/g, but C/ZC has no adsorption capacity of PO43-. The ferric sulfate was used to modify C/ZC to obtain carbon/zeolite composite modified by iron (M-C/ZC). M-C/ZC has a higher specific surface area (348.3 m2/g), and the negatively charge of M-C/ZC can adsorb NH4+ and form Fe-O-P between PO43- and Fe-OH bonds. The maximum adsorption capacity of NH4+ and PO43- by M-C/ZC are 7.44 mg/g and 6.94 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of NH4+ and PO43- are up to 88% and 99% under initial NH4+ (5 mg/L) and PO43- (10 mg/L) concentration. The regeneration capacity of M-C/ZC of NH4+ was stronger than that of PO43-. After three cycles, the regeneration rate of M-C/ZC of NH4+ was still up to 76.96%. Our findings suggest the good application potential of M-C/ZC for removing NH4+ and PO43- from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Defu Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Hanxin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
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21
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Changduang A, Limpiyakorn T, Punyapalakul P, Thayanukul P. Development of reactive iron-coated natural filter media for treating antibiotic residual in swine wastewater: Mechanisms, intermediates and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113435. [PMID: 34388549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Degradation mechanisms, surface phenomena, and the influence of co-existing organic matter on heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions were investigated using low-cost natural materials, to remove three veterinary antibiotics. Zeolite rock, laterite rock, and pumice rock were modified by adding ferric chloride. Fenton-like reactions yielded more than 50 % of antibiotic removal at a neutral pH. The modified zeolite exhibited the highest antibiotic removal efficiency. The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction could be indicated by the simultaneous detection of Fe(II) and Fe(III) on the surface of the modified zeolite. Leaching iron was also observed to reduce the antibiotics with homogeneous Fenton-like reaction. The co-existing organic matter expressed by the COD below 400 mg/L did not have a considerable adverse impact on antibiotic removal. An H2O2 concentration as low as 20 μM was sufficient to react with the modified zeolite and degraded more than 70 % of the antibiotics at a neutral pH. The modified zeolite could be reused at least three times, with a removal efficiency of at least 80 %. The antibiotic degradation efficiencies in real treated swine wastewater were above 75 %. Moreover, the degradation intermediates and bacterial inhibition after treatment were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athitaya Changduang
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tawan Limpiyakorn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellences on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Patiparn Punyapalakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellences on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Parinda Thayanukul
- Center of Excellences on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
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22
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Van Dael T, Xia L, Van Dijck K, Potemans S, Smolders E. Internal loading of phosphate in rivers reduces at higher flow velocity and is reduced by iron rich sand application: an experimental study in flumes. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117160. [PMID: 33962242 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many lowland regions are afflicted with high phosphorus (P) peaks in rivers during the summer months. Static incubations of sediments have shown that reductive dissolution of ferric iron (Fe(III)) minerals in the sediment explain these P peaks. This study was set up to identify if that mechanism also dominates in a dynamic system, thereby testing the roles of water flow velocity and sediment Fe/P ratio. Decreasing flow velocity was suspected to lower the flux of dissolved oxygen (DO) towards the sediment. The role of the Fe(III)/P ratio was tested by amending iron-rich glauconite sand (GS) to the sediment, in this manner testing possible remediation techniques. Eight flumes (1.80 m long) were constructed with duplicates of four treatments of two laminar flow velocities over the sediment (0.05 m s-1 or 0.15 m s-1) that was either or not amended with GS (10% w/w). In all flumes a daily dose of sodium glutamate was added as a carbon source to mimic wastewater with high BOD, the flumes were operated for 28 days. A decreased velocity lowered the steady-state DO concentration and enhanced the sediment-water release of P by a factor 3. Sediment amendment with GS reduced solution P by factors 3 (low flow velocity) and 2 (high flow velocity). This effect is related to a combination of increasing binding sites for P and of lowering the DO consumption. These experimental data suggest that previously unexplained summer peaks of P in lowland rivers are related to low flow events that limit the DO flux. The internal loading of P requires management of DO in water and can be mitigated by enhancing sediment Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon Van Dael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lei Xia
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kobe Van Dijck
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sid Potemans
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Wang Q, Liao Z, Yao D, Yang Z, Wu Y, Tang C. Phosphorus immobilization in water and sediment using iron-based materials: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144246. [PMID: 33434847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As an essential element for life, phosphorus (P) is very important for organisms. However, excessive P in water and sediment can cause eutrophication, which poses a potential risk to drinking water safety and the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, effective phosphorus-control in water and sediment is the key strategy to control eutrophication. Iron-based materials exhibit high efficiency for P immobilization due to their strong affinity with P, low cost, easy availability, and environmentally friendliness. They are promising materials for controlling P in application. This work comprehensively summarizes the recent advances on P immobilization in water and sediment by different iron-based materials, including iron (hydr)oxides, iron salts, zero-valent iron and iron-loaded materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of the processes and how they are impacted by major influencing factors. The combination of iron-containing materials with other assisting materials is a good strategy to enhance P-fixation efficiency and selectivity. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of P-control technologies based on iron-containing materials are proposed. This review provides a systemic theoretical and experimental foundation for P-immobilization in water and sediment using iron-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Wang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zaiyi Liao
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; Department of Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dongxin Yao
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cilai Tang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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24
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Wang C, Wei Z, Yan Z, Wang C, Xu S, Bai L, Jiang H, Yuan N. The feasibility of recycling drinking water treatment residue as suspended substrate for the removal of excess P and N from natural water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111640. [PMID: 33187785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of natural water commonly involves the pollution of both P and N. Here, we developed a new application of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) for suspensions that permits the simultaneous removal of excess P and N from natural water and demonstrates that DWTRs recycling can provide a means for eutrophication control. Based on 364-day continuous flow tests, the suspension application of DWTRs effectively adsorbed P from overlying water under various conditions, decreasing total P concentrations from 0.0739 ± 0.0462 to 0.0111 ± 0.0079-0.0149 ± 0.0106 mg L-1, which achieved a class Ⅱ level of the China surface water quality standards during the tests. The total N concentrations were also reduced from 1.46 ± 0.63-1.52 ± 0.63 to 0.435 ± 0.185-0.495 ± 0.198 mg L-1, which achieved a class Ⅲ level during the stable stage of the tests. N removal was closely related to doses of DWTRs and aeration intensities. Effective N removal was mediated by the enriched microbial communities in the suspended DWTRs with simple, stable, and resilient networks, including many taxa associated with the N cycle (e.g., Rhodoplanes, Brevibacillus, and Pseudomonas). Further analysis indicated that both effective P adsorption and functional microbial community construction were closely related to Fe and Al in DWTRs. Suspension application prevented the burial effect of solids sinking from overlying water, which aided the ability of DWTRs to control pollution, and is potentially applicable to other materials for natural water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunliu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shengqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Electronic Information Technology School, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Tang M, Deng Q, Cao X, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Song C. Mechanisms and risks of joint control of nitrogen and phosphorus through sediment capping technology in a pilot-scale study. JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS 2021; 21:3427-3437. [PMID: 34075310 PMCID: PMC8159488 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-021-02985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the key elements leading to eutrophication, and it is important to jointly control N and P release from sediments into the water column. METHODS Different mixed materials including P sorbent, natural organic carbon (C), and an oxidizing agent were applied in a 1-year pilot-scale experiment. RESULTS The addition of iron-rich (IR) clay and Phoslock agent promoted the formation of iron bound P (Fe(OOH)~P) and calcium bound P (CaCO3~P) in sediments, respectively. IR clay offered more advantages in immobilization of phosphorus as refractory P, and the Phoslock agent more effectively reduced the risk of P release into water, which was expressed as a low equilibrium P concentration (EPC0). Mixtures of sugarcane (SU) detritus and IR clay exhibited high carbohydrate (CHO) contents, which further fuelled both denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). This indicated that the SU dosage should be controlled to avoid DNRA over denitrification. Attention should be given to the fact that SU introduction significantly promoted the generation of an anaerobic state, leading to the desorption and release of Fe(OOH)~P, which could be alleviated by using Oxone. Multienzyme activity analysis showed that P and N transformation shifted from P desorption to organic P hydrolysis and from ammonification to denitrification and DNRA, respectively. CONCLUSION We recommend the use of P sorbent and organic C combined with oxidizing agents as effective mixed materials for sediment remediation, which could enhance P adsorption and provide electron donors for denitrification, while also avoiding the generation of anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Tang
- Anhui University, Hefei, 230601 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingye Sun
- Anhui University, Hefei, 230601 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
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26
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Zhan Y, Chang M, Lin J. Suppression of phosphorus release from sediment using lanthanum carbonate as amendment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3280-3295. [PMID: 32914304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of lanthanum carbonate (LC) pertaining to the adsorption of phosphate (HwPO4w-3) was investigated, and the possible adsorption mechanism was elucidated. The stabilization of HwPO4w-3 adsorbed to LC was evaluated. The influence of LC addition on the upward transport of phosphorus (P) from sediment to overlying water (OL-W) was studied, and the adsorption performance of HwPO4w-3 on the LC-amended sediment was explored. The results of this work indicated that LC performed well in the elimination of HwPO4w-3 from water in the pH range of 4 to 11, and the commercial and self-prepared LC samples afforded the maximum HwPO4w-3 adsorption capacities of 57.9 and 99.4 mg P/g, respectively, at pH 7. The presence of coexisting species including chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate had a small influence on the HwPO4w-3 adsorption onto LC. The main HwPO4w-3 adsorption mechanism of LC at pH 7 was the ligand exchange reaction between carbonate and HwPO4w-3 forming the inner-sphere La-phosphate complexation. The self-synthesized LC exhibited much higher HwPO4w-3 adsorption performance than the commercial LC. The overwhelming majority (> 97.0%) of HwPO4w-3 adsorbed to LC primarily existed in the form of muriatic acid-extractable P, which has relatively low re-releasing risk. The addition of LC into sediment could significantly prevent the release of P from the sediment solid into the OL-W, thereby leading to a lower concentration level of reactive soluble P (RSP) in the OL-W compared with no LC treatment. The addition of LC into sediment could greatly improve the HwPO4w-3 uptake ability for the sediment, and the enhancement of HwPO4w-3 adsorption onto the sediment by the added LC increased as the increase of the amendment dosage and the initial HwPO4w-3 concentration. All results suggest that LC could serve as a promising amendment material for the control of sedimentary P release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingyue Chang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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27
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Hu Z, Deng S, Li D, Guan D, Xie B, Zhang C, Li P, Yao H. Application of iron [Fe(0)]-rich substrate as a novel capping material for efficient simultaneous remediation of contaminated sediments and the overlying water body. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141596. [PMID: 32818887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Release of contaminants from sediments has been one of the main pollution sources causing eutrophication and malodorous black of ponds. In this study, an iron-rich substrate (IRS) was developed based on iron‑carbon micro-electrolysis and applied for simultaneous sediments and overlying water remediation. IRS obtained high ammonia and phosphate adsorption capacities (Langmuir isotherm) of 13.02 and 18.12 mg·kg-1, respectively. In the 90-day long-term remediation, IRS reduced NH4+-N, PO43--P, organic-N, organic-P, TN and TP in overlying water by 48.6%, 97.9%, 34.2%, 67.1%, 53.2% and 90.4%, respectively. In sediments, IRS reduced NO3--N, NH4+-N and organic-N by 98.5%, 26.5% and 6.3%, respectively. The unstable P-compounds (i.e., organic-P, Ca-bounded-P and labile-P) were effectively transferred (20.1%, 54.3% and 98.2%, respectively) into inert P-compounds (i.e., Fe-bounded-P and residual-P). Meanwhile, flux rates of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments to overlying water were reduced from 7.02 to 4.92 mg·m-2·d-1 (by 29.9%) and from 7.42 to 2.21 mg·m-2·d-1 (by 70.2%), respectively. Due to micro-electrolysis, Fe2+/Fe3+/[H] were in-situ generated from IRS and NO3--N was effectively reduced. Additionally, the generation of O2· was promoted by Fe2+/[H] and strengthened the NH4+-N, organic-N/P oxidation. Fe3+ enhanced the immobilization of PO43- (e.g., as FePO4·H2O and FenPO4(OH)3n-3). The released Fe2+/Fe3+ from IRS were finally stabilized as poorly reactive sheet silicate (PRS)-Fe and magnetite-Fe in the sediments and hardly showed side effect to sediments and water body. The developed IRS obtained advantages of high efficiency, ecologically safe and cost-effective in contaminated sediments and overlying water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Hu
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Shihai Deng
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China; Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Desheng Li
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Detian Guan
- Beijing Management Division of North Grand Canal, 101100 Beijing, PR China
| | - Binghan Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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28
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Wu J, Lin J, Zhan Y. Interception of phosphorus release from sediments using Mg/Fe-based layered double hydroxide (MF-LDH) and MF-LDH coated magnetite as geo-engineering tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139749. [PMID: 32535461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A magnesium/iron-based layered double hydroxide (MF-LDH) and a composite of MF-LDH and magnetite (MF-LDH@Fe3O4) were synthesized, characterized and used as solid-phase phosphorus (P)-sorbents (SPPSs) to control the release of sedimentary P. The behavior and mechanism of phosphate adsorption onto MF-LDH and MF-LDH@Fe3O4 were studied. The effect of MF-LDH capping and amendment on the migration of P in sediments were comparatively investigated, and the impact of fabric-wrapped and unwrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping on P mobilization in sediments were also comparatively investigated. Results showed that both MF-LDH and MF-LDH@Fe3O4 had good phosphate adsorption performance, and the adsorption mechanisms included cation exchange, electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange and inner-sphere complex formation. Sediment capping and amendment using MF-LDH both could dramatically reduce the risk of the release of soluble reactive P (SRP) and diffusive gradient in thin-films-labile P (P-DGT) from sediments into overlying waters (OLY-Ws), and the MF-LDH capping had a better suppressing efficiency of sediment-P release into OLY-W than the MF-LDH amendment. Sediment capping with the fabric-wrapped and unwrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 both greatly decreased the risk of SRP and P-DGT released from sediment into OLY-W, and the efficiency of the prevention of SRP released from sediment into OLY-W by the fabric-wrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping layer (about 81-90%) was slightly lower than that by the unwrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping layer (about 94-99%). The reduction of P-DGT in the top sediment and the direct interception of the soluble P from pore water (POR-W) to OLY-W by the MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping layer were the keys to the management of P released from sediment by the MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping. From the standpoint of the efficiency of sedimentary P suppression, the convenience of application and the sustainability of sediment remediation, sediment capping with the fabric-wrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 is a promising approach to manage the release of sedimentary P into OLY-W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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29
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Lin J, Wang Y, Zhan Y. Novel, recyclable active capping systems using fabric-wrapped zirconium-modified magnetite/bentonite composite for sedimentary phosphorus release control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138633. [PMID: 32339830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A zirconium-modified magnetite/bentonite composite (M-ZrFeBT) was synthesized, characterized and combined with water-permeable fabric to construct novel, recyclable active capping systems for sedimentary phosphorus (P) release control. Three fabric-wrapped M-ZrFeBT capping devices with different shapes were designed, i.e., CAP-1, CAP-2 and CAP-3, and they are disc-shaped, cuboid-shaped and spindle-shaped capping devices, respectively. The behavior and mechanism for phosphate adsorption onto M-ZrFeBT was studied. The impact of CAP-1, CAP-2 and CAP-3 capping on the mobilization of P in sediments was investigated. The results showed that M-ZrFeBT possessed good phosphate adsorption ability, with a largest monolayer adsorption capacity of 8.02 mg P/g. The replacement of Fe/Zr bound hydroxyl groups with phosphate through ligand-exchange reactions to generate the inner-sphere Fe-O-P and Zr-O-P bonding played a key part in the uptake of phosphate from water by M-ZrFeBT. Sediment capping with fabric-wrapped M-ZrFeBT not only brought about a significant decline in the concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) and DGT (diffusive gradient in thin films)-labile P (LPDGT) in the overlying water, but also gave rise to the diminished SRP and LPDGT concentrations in the upper sediment. Most (96.5%-98.2%) of P bound by the M-ZrFeBT in the capping layers was in the form of NaOH extractable inorganic P, HCl-extractable P and residual P, which were considered to be hard to be released back into the water column under common pH and oxygen-deficient conditions. The reduction of pore water SRP and LPDGT in the upper sediment layer induced by the adsorption of SRP on the M-ZrFeBT-based capping layer played a key part in the interception of SRP liberation from the sediment solid into the overlying water. Results indicate that fabric-wrapped M-ZrFeBT capping is promising for controlling the internal P loading from sediments in shallow freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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30
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Shen X, Yuan N, Wang C. The bioturbation effect of the snail Bellamya aeruginosa on phosphorus immobilisation by drinking water treatment residue in sediment: A long-term continuous flow test. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110579. [PMID: 32310120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study used a relatively long-term (350 d) continuous flow test to determine the bioturbation effect of a benthic macroinvertebrate (the snail Bellamya aeruginosa) on sediment internal phosphorus (P) pollution control by in-situ immobilisation using drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) as the inactivating agent. The results showed that DWTR substantially reduced P concentration in overlying water, had a limited effect on other overlying water properties, and tended to reduce nitrogen release from the sediment. Variations in overlying water properties induced by DWTR were generally not associated with snail activity or population density. However, the snails were found to promote DWTR burial and induce DWTR mixing within the sediment, indicating that bioturbation could change the distribution of P inactivating agents in sediment. The mobility of P was closely related to oxalate extractable aluminium, iron, and P (Alox, Feox, and Pox, respectively) in sediments at different depths. Typically, mobile P was stable at a relatively low level when the total content of Alox and Feox was >0.750 mmol g-1 or when the ratio of Pox to (Alox + Feox) was <0.05. Given these results, recommended practices include repeated dosing of the immobilising agents at intervals determined by the relationships among mobile P, Pox, Alox, and Feox in the sediment, especially for Al- and Fe-based agents such as DWTR. Overall, the effect of bioturbation on the stability of in-situ P immobilisation in sediment should be fully considered during long-term pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shen
- College of Agricultural Engineering, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Nannan Yuan
- Electronic Information Technology School, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Zhan Y, Wu X, Lin J. Combined use of calcium nitrate, zeolite, and anion exchange resin for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from sediment and for overcoming disadvantage of calcium nitrate addition technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24863-24878. [PMID: 32307687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ca(NO3)2 addition has proved to have a high potential to immobilize internal phosphorus (P) in sediments; however, it cannot effectively stop the release of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) from sediments into overlying waters (OL-waters). Additionally, the addition of Ca(NO3)2 alone has high risk of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) releasing into OL-waters. To overcome the shortcoming of the Ca(NO3)2 addition method, we reported an integrated method, i.e., a combined method based on Ca(NO3)2 injection, zeolite capping, and anion exchange resin (AERN)-contained floating system suspending (Ca(NO3)2/zeolite/AERN). The effectiveness and mechanism of the Ca(NO3)2/zeolite/AERN method for simultaneously controlling the release of soluble reactive P (SRP) and NH4+-N were investigated, and the NO3--N releasing risk of this method was evaluated. It was found that the joint use of Ca(NO3)2 injection, zeolite capping, and AERN-contained floating system suspending not only could effectively suppress the release of SRP and NH4+-N from sediments into OL-waters simultaneously, but also had much less risk of NO3--N releasing into OL-waters as compared to the single Ca(NO3)2 injection method and the combined Ca(NO3)2/zeolite method. The inhibition of the reductive dissolution of the P-bound Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides by the presence of nitrate and the adsorption of ammonium on the zeolite played very important roles in the interception of SRP and NH4+-N releasing into OL-waters by the Ca(NO3)2/zeolite/AERN method. After the sediment remediation using the Ca(NO3)2/zeolite/AERN approach, the increase in the content of residual P in the sediment layer of 0-50 mm, the decrease of mobile P in the sediment layer of 0-10 mm, and the increased NH4+-N adsorption capacity for the sediment layer of 0-10 mm would be conductive to the interception of SRP and NH4+-N liberation in the long run. Results of this research suggest a promising application potential of the Ca(NO3)2/zeolite/AERN method in the simultaneous control of the release of SRP and NH4+-N from sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Zhan Y, Yu Y, Lin J. Impact of application mode on the control of phosphorus release from sediments using zirconium-modified bentonite as geo-engineering material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135633. [PMID: 32050396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of zirconium-modified bentonite (ZMBT) addition, capping, and addition/capping on the transport and transformation of phosphorus (P) in sediments were comparatively investigated using incubation experiments to determine the effect of ZMBT application mode on the controlling efficiency. Results showed that the release of soluble reactive P (SRP) from sediment to the overlying water was effectively intercepted by all the ZMBT treatments. The inactivation of pore-water SRP, diffusive gradients in thin films-labile P (DGT-LP) and mobile P (Mob-IP) in sediment played a pivotal role in the regulation of SRP liberation from the sediment to the overlying water by ZMBT. An application mode change from capping and addition/capping to addition resulted in a decline of the reduction efficiency of overlying water SRP by the ZMBT treatment to some extent. The variation in the reduction efficiency of pore-water SRP and DGT-LP in the uppermost sediment were responsible for the change of the reduction efficiency of overlying water SRP by the ZMBT treatment. A change in application mode from capping to addition/capping and addition caused an obvious increase in the immobilization efficiency of pore-water SRP, DGT-LP and Mob-IP in the lower sediment by the ZMBT treatment. Results of this work indicate that, when the ZMBT capping layer on the top of sediment was completely mixed with the sediment, although the stability of P in the lower sediment obviously increases, the controlling efficiency of SRP liberating from the sediment to the overlying water decreases to some extent. Thus, the repeated addition of ZMBT to form a covering layer on the ZMBT-amended sediment is very necessary for the effective control of sediment-P release to the overlying water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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