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Grey V, Smith-Miles K, Fletcher TD, Hatt BE, Coleman RA. Empirical evidence of climate change and urbanization impacts on warming stream temperatures. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120703. [PMID: 37979332 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and urbanization threaten streams and the biodiversity that rely upon them worldwide. Emissions of greenhouse gases are causing air and sea surface temperatures to increase, and even small areas of urbanization are degrading stream biodiversity, water quality and hydrology. However, empirical evidence of how increasing air temperatures and urbanization together affect stream temperatures over time and their relative influence on stream temperatures is limited. This study quantifies changes in stream temperatures in a region in South-East Australia with an urban-agricultural-forest landcover gradient and where increasing air temperatures have been observed. Using Random Forest models we identify air temperature and urbanization drive increasing stream temperatures and that their combined effects are larger than their individual effects occurring alone. Furthermore, we identify potential mitigation measures useful for waterway managers and policy makers. The results show that both local and global solutions are needed to reduce future increases to stream temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Grey
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia.
| | - Kate Smith-Miles
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Belinda E Hatt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia
| | - Rhys A Coleman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia
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2
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Liu Y, Su B, Mu H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wu B. Effects of point and nonpoint source pollution on urban rivers: From the perspective of pollutant composition and toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132441. [PMID: 37703739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge is considered to be one of the anthropogenic factors affecting the water quality of urban rivers. The source and composition of wastewater are complex and diverse, and it is difficult to evaluate its effect on water quality and ecological health of receiving waters. Environmental DNA method can determine all species living in waters by examining DNA sequences, reflecting the impact of water quality changes on aquatic systems. In this study, water samples from two urban rivers were collected in dry and wet seasons, and the composition of pollutants was investigated by nontarget screening. Based on the pollutant composition, compound toxicity prediction and concentration addition model were used to predict the toxicity changes of pollutants in the urban rivers. More than 1500 suspect organic pollutants were nontarget screened, and silafluofen was found to be a major toxicity contributor. Environmental DNA analysis was combined with water quality measure and pollutant toxicity prediction to reveal the effects of pollutants from different sources on aquatic ecosystems. Fish diversity was negatively correlated with the mixed toxicity of organic pollutants, suggesting potential ecological risk in these two urban rivers. Our study developed a water quality assessment method based on pollutant composition and toxicity, and the potential risk of nonpoint source pollutants on aquatic ecosystems should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Mejia FH, Ouellet V, Briggs MA, Carlson SM, Casas-Mulet R, Chapman M, Collins MJ, Dugdale SJ, Ebersole JL, Frechette DM, Fullerton AH, Gillis CA, Johnson ZC, Kelleher C, Kurylyk BL, Lave R, Letcher BH, Myrvold KM, Nadeau TL, Neville H, Piégay H, Smith KA, Tonolla D, Torgersen CE. Closing the gap between science and management of cold-water refuges in rivers and streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5482-5508. [PMID: 37466251 PMCID: PMC10615108 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold-water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short-term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold-water refuges. We review current understanding of cold-water refuges, identify gaps between science and management, and evaluate policies aimed at protecting thermally sensitive species. Existing policies include designating cold-water habitats, restricting fishing during warm periods, and implementing threshold temperature standards or guidelines. However, these policies are rare and uncoordinated across spatial scales and often do not consider input from Indigenous peoples. We propose that cold-water refuges be managed as distinct operational landscape units, which provide a social and ecological context that is relevant at the watershed scale. These operational landscape units provide the foundation for an integrated framework that links science and management by (1) mapping and characterizing cold-water refuges to prioritize management and conservation actions, (2) leveraging existing and new policies, (3) improving coordination across jurisdictions, and (4) implementing adaptive management practices across scales. Our findings show that while there are many opportunities for scientific advancement, the current state of the sciences is sufficient to inform policy and management. Our proposed framework provides a path forward for managing and protecting cold-water refuges using existing and new policies to protect coldwater organisms in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine H. Mejia
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Valerie Ouellet
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Martin A. Briggs
- Observing Systems Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Roser Casas-Mulet
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mollie Chapman
- Department of Geography, URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias J. Collins
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joseph L. Ebersole
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Danielle M. Frechette
- Maine Department of Marine Resources, Bureau of Sea Run Fisheries and Habitat, Augusta, Maine, USA
| | - Aimee H. Fullerton
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Zachary C. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Christa Kelleher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Barret L. Kurylyk
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Lave
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Letcher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Knut M. Myrvold
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Tracie-Lynn Nadeau
- Region 10, Water Division, Oregon Operations Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Herve Piégay
- UMR 5600 CNRS EVS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kathryn A. Smith
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Diego Tonolla
- Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christian E. Torgersen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Wang X, Yu L, Liu T, He Y, Wu S, Chen H, Yuan X, Wang J, Li X, Li H, Que Z, Qing Z, Zhou T. Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations and fluxes from heavily polluted urban streams: Comprehensive influence of pollution and restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120098. [PMID: 36075337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Streams draining urban areas are usually regarded as hotspots of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, little is known about the coupling effects of watershed pollution and restoration on CH4 and N2O emission dynamics in heavily polluted urban streams. This study investigated the CH4 and N2O concentrations and fluxes in six streams that used to be heavily polluted but have undergone different watershed restorations in Southwest China, to explore the comprehensive influences of pollution and restoration. CH4 and N2O concentrations in the six urban streams ranged from 0.12 to 21.32 μmol L-1 and from 0.03 to 2.27 μmol L-1, respectively. The calculated diffusive fluxes of CH4 and N2O were averaged of 7.65 ± 9.20 mmol m-2 d-1 and 0.73 ± 0.83 mmol m-2 d-1, much higher than those in most previous reports. The heavily polluted streams with non-restoration had 7.2 and 7.8 times CH4 and N2O concentrations higher than those in the fully restored streams, respectively. Particularly, CH4 and N2O fluxes in the fully restored streams were 90% less likely than those found in the unrestored ones. This result highlighted that heavily polluted urban streams with high pollution loadings were indeed hotspots of CH4 and N2O emissions throughout the year, while comprehensive restoration can effectively weaken their emission intensity. Sewage interception and nutrient removal, especially N loadings reduction, were effective measures for regulating the dynamics of CH4 and N2O emissions from the heavily polluted streams. Based on global and regional integration, it further elucidated that increasing environment investments could significantly improve water quality and mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions in polluted urban streams. Overall, our study emphasized that although urbanization could inevitably strengthen riverine CH4 and N2O emissions, effective eco-restoration can mitigate the crisis of riverine greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China.
| | - Lele Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Xianxiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Hang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Ziyi Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Zhaoyin Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
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Lao Q, Wu J, Chen F, Zhou X, Li Z, Chen C, Zhu Q, Deng Z, Li J. Increasing intrusion of high salinity water alters the mariculture activities in Zhanjiang Bay during the past two decades identified by dual water isotopes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115815. [PMID: 35926386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of river runoff caused by the intensified human activities (e.g. artificial dams) and increasing intrusion of high salinity water in the coastal bays have become a worldwide environmental problem. However, the mixing can hardly be identified by traditional method with temperature and salinity due to the complicated water sources in the coastal area. Thus, it is difficult to quantify the impact of intrusion of high salinity water on coastal ecological environment. Here, seasonal dual water isotopes (δD and δ18O), hydrographic parameters, and nutrients were investigated in a typical semi-enclosed mariculture bay in South China Sea (SCS), to quantify the intrusion of high salinity water and its impact on the water environment. The results showed that salinity in the bay has increased significantly (18%) over the past two decades due to the decrease of runoff and dredging activity. Zhanjiang Bay is mainly affected by the seawater from the SCS in outer bay, and the seawater from the outer bay (89%) was significantly higher than that of freshwater (7%) in summer, despite the increase in freshwater input from the river during this period. In winter, the intrusion of high salinity water increased (accounting for 94%) due to the decrease of runoff input. However, the contribution of groundwater was similar in summer (4%) and winter (5%). The estimation results from the relationship of δ18O-salinity and δD-salinity showed that the intrusion of high salinity water has increased significantly for the past two decades (increased by 23%). This resulted in the area suitable for oyster breeding is decreasing, and the oyster breeding activities have been gradually moving to the inner bay. Moreover, the nutrients in Zhanjiang Bay were mainly originated from freshwater input in summer (54%-90%), while it changed to the SCS input from the outer bay in winter (40%-97%). This study suggests that the intrusion of high salinity water significantly increases the salinity, and seriously retains the pollutants of freshwater in the bay, which poses a great threat to the oyster breeding activities in the semi-enclosed bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Lao
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junhui Wu
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Fajin Chen
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, 551507, China
| | - Chunqing Chen
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qingmei Zhu
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ziyun Deng
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Land-Use Impact on Water Quality of the Opak Sub-Watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The integrated monitoring system of water quality is eminently reliant on water quality trend data. This study aims to obtain water quality patterns related to land-use change over a periodic observation in the Opak sub-watershed, Indonesia, both from a seasonal and spatial point of view. Landsat image data from 2013 to 2020 and water quality data comprising 25 parameters were compiled and analyzed. This study observed that land use remarkably correlated to water quality, especially the building area representing the dense population and various anthropogenic activities, to pollute the water sources. Three types of pollutant sources were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), including domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities, which all influenced the variance in river water quality. The use of spatiotemporal-based and multivariate analysis was to interpret water quality trend data, which can help the stakeholders to monitor pollution and take control in the Opak sub-watershed. The results investigated 17 out of 25 water quality parameters, which showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream during the observation time. The concentration of biological oxygen demand over five days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, sulfide, phenol, phosphate, oil and grease, lead, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and total coli, surpassed the water quality standard through spatial analysis.
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Abdi B, Bozorg-Haddad O, Chu X. Uncertainty analysis of model inputs in riverine water temperature simulations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19908. [PMID: 34620930 PMCID: PMC8497549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulation models are often affected by uncertainties that impress the modeling results. One of the important types of uncertainties is associated with the model input data. The main objective of this study is to investigate the uncertainties of inputs of the Heat-Flux (HFLUX) model. To do so, the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis Uncertainty Algorithm (SCEM-UA), a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) based method, is employed for the first time to assess the uncertainties of model inputs in riverine water temperature simulations. The performance of the SCEM-UA algorithm is further evaluated. In the application, the histograms of the selected inputs of the HFLUX model including the stream width, stream depth, percentage of shade, and streamflow were created and their uncertainties were analyzed. Comparison of the observed data and the simulations demonstrated the capability of the SCEM-UA algorithm in the assessment of the uncertainties associated with the model input data (the maximum relative error was 15%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Abdi
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Bozorg-Haddad
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Xuefeng Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Dept 2470, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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Moon YE, Kim HS. Inter-Annual and Seasonal Variations of Water Quality and Trophic Status of a Reservoir with Fluctuating Monsoon Precipitation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168499. [PMID: 34444247 PMCID: PMC8392102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term evaluation from 2000 to 2020 of a temperate reservoir indicated that water quality and trophic status were not critically controlled by the inter-annual dynamics of monsoon precipitation. The fluctuation of annual concentrations of TP, TSS, and EC did not always correlate with the variation of precipitation. BOD and COD demonstrated monotonically increasing trends with Sen’s slope of 0.02 and 0.01, respectively, while Chl-a manifested a decreasing trend (slope = −0.23). The increases of different magnitudes in the levels of TP, TSS, and Chl-a in the monsoon and the early post-monsoon periods were observed in the drought, flood, and normal years. The drought years showed distinct seasonal variations in many parameters, while those in the flood and the normal years were very similar. Pearson correlation and empirical regression analyses resulted in weaker correlation between water quality and hydrological parameters than other reservoirs, which, along with low impact of precipitation, was attributed to the low drainage ratio (28.8) of the study area. BOD/COD ratios were higher than 0.5 in the reservoir, indicating the presence of a significant fraction of biodegradable organic matter. The ratio increased in the longitudinal flow direction (>50% in the drought years), implying the possibility of autochthonous sources of organic matter. TSID evaluation resulted in variation of limiting factors not related to the fluctuation of annual precipitation. The loadings of the significant principal components were very similar among the different precipitation groups, supporting the other findings that annual precipitation governed by monsoon intensity would not solely control the water quality dynamics of the study area.
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9
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Abdi R, Rogers JB, Rust A, Wolfand JM, Philippus D, Taniguchi-Quan K, Irving K, Stein ED, Hogue TS. Simulating the thermal impact of substrate temperature on ecological restoration in shallow urban rivers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112560. [PMID: 33857712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Managing river temperature in highly urbanized stream systems is critical for maintaining aquatic ecosystems and associated beneficial uses. In this work, we updated and utilized a mechanistic river temperature model, i-Tree Cool River, to evaluate the cooling impacts of two ecological restoration scenarios: (1) an alternative streambed material limecrete and (2) shading effects of tree planting in riparian areas. The i-Tree Cool River model was modified to account for diurnal fluctuations of streambed temperature, which is relevant in shallow urban streams where lack of natural shading combined with low heat capacity of the water column can make diurnal fluctuations relatively extreme. The model was calibrated and validated on a 4.2 km reach of Compton Creek in the Los Angeles River watershed, California. Two native fish, arroyo chub (Gila orcuttii) and unarmored threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni), were considered the target species for assessing thermal habitat suitability. Key findings include: (1) model performance was improved when accounting for diurnal fluctuations in bed temperature (R2 increased from 0.43 to 0.68); and (2) substrate rehabilitation and tree planting can potentially reduce summertime temperatures to within the documented spawning temperature thresholds for the focal fish species. Using limecrete as an alternative material for the concrete bottom decreased the median river temperature metrics: maximum weekly maximum, maximum weekly average, and minimum weekly minimum temperatures by an average of 3 °C (13%) to 20.4 °C, 19.7 °C, and 17.8 °C, respectively. Tree planting in the riparian corridor decreased the average river temperature metrics by an average of 0.9 °C (4%) to 22.7 °C, 22 °C, and 19 °C, respectively. Combining the two scenarios decreased the river temperature metrics by an average of 4 °C (18%) to 18.2 °C. Therefore, water temperature would not be a limiting factor in potential reintroduction of the focal fish species to Compton Creek if restoration were implemented. Implications of this work could be used by urban forest and water managers for restoring thermally polluted rivers in other urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abdi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Jennifer B Rogers
- Biology Department, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Ashley Rust
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Jordyn M Wolfand
- Shiley School of Engineering, University of Portland, Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Daniel Philippus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kristine Taniguchi-Quan
- Biology Department, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Katie Irving
- Biology Department, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Eric D Stein
- Biology Department, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Terri S Hogue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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Sharma V, Joshi H, Bowes MJ. A Tale of Two Rivers: Can the Restoration Lessons of River Thames (Southern UK) Be Transferred to River Hindon (Northern India)? WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:212. [PMID: 33994598 PMCID: PMC8107415 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study identifies the basin scale factors and potential remedies to restore the severely polluted Hindon River in India, by comparing with another basin with high population density: the River Thames in the UK. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Thames River are usually around 8 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l respectively, while phosphorus and ammonium range between 0.1-0.6 mg/l and 0.1-0.4 mg/l respectively. The Thames has seen great improvements in water quality over the past decades, due to high levels of sewage treatment and regulation of industrial effluents which have improved water quality conditions. Conversely, the Hindon River suffers from extremely poor water quality and this is mainly attributed to the direct discharge of partially treated or untreated municipal and industrial wastewater into the river. BOD is in the range of 15-60 mg/l and DO is below 5 mg/l. Phosphorus ranges around 2-6 mg/l at most of the monitoring stations and ammonia-nitrogen in the range of 10-40 mg /l in Galeta at Hindon. The analysis of variance also depicts the spatial and temporal variation in water quality in the Hindon River. Besides, non-point sources, pollution from point sources with minimal base flow in the river during dry season, result in low dilution capacity causing high pollutant concentrations which impacts the river ecosystem and fisheries. To restore the Hindon River, resources must be focussed on mainly treating sewage and industrial effluents and by developing appropriate river basin management and regulatory plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasker Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Jigme Namgyel Engineering College, Royal University of Bhutan, Dewathang, Samdrupjongkhar, Bhutan
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Michael J. Bowes
- UK Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB UK
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Yang Y, Deng Y, Tuo Y, Li J, He T, Chen M. Study of the thermal regime of a reservoir on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243198. [PMID: 33347489 PMCID: PMC7751983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region has unique meteorological characteristics, with low air temperature, low air pressure, low humidity, little precipitation, and strong diurnal variation. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the Pangduo Reservoir to better understand the thermal structure and diurnal variation inside the reservoir under the local climate and hydrological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Observation data were used to verify the model, and the results showed that the average error of the 6 profile measured monthly from August to December 2016 was 0.1°C, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.173°C. The water temperature from August 2016 to September 2017 was simulated by inputting measured data as model inputs. The results revealed that the reservoir of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was a typical dimictic reservoir and the water mixed vertically at the end of March and the end of October. During the heating period, thermal stratification occurred, with strong diurnal variation in the epilimnion. The mean variance of the diurnal water temperature was 0.10 within a 5 m water depth but 0.04 in the whole water column. The mixing mode of inflow changed from undercurrent, horizontal-invaded flow and surface layer flow in one day. In winter, the diurnal variation was weak due to the thermal protection of the ice cover, while the mean variance of diurnal water temperature was 0.00 within both 5 m and the whole water column. Compared to reservoirs in areas with low altitude but the same latitude, significant differences occurred between the temperature structure of the low-altitude reservoir and the Pangduo Reservoir (P<0.01). The Pangduo Reservoir presented a shorter stratification period and weaker stratification stability, and the annual average SI value was 26.4 kg/m2, which was only 7.5% that of the low-altitude reservoir. The seasonal changes in the net heat flux received by the surface layers determined the seasonal cycle of stratification and mixing in reservoirs. This study provided a scientific understanding of the thermal changes in stratified reservoirs under the special geographical and meteorological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, this model can serve as a reference for adaptive management of similar dimictic reservoirs in cold and high-altitude areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youcai Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianfu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Quantifying the Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Factors of Aboveground Forest Biomass in the Urban Area of Xi’an, China. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the spatial distribution of urban forest biomass and its potential influencing factors would provide useful insights for configuring urban greenspace. Although China is experiencing an unprecedented scale of urbanization, the spatial pattern of the urban forest biomass distribution as a critical component in the urban landscape has not been fully examined. Using the geographic detector method, this research examines the impacts of four geographical factors (GFs)—dominant tree species, forest categories, land types, and age groups—on the aboveground biomass distribution of urban forests in 1480 plots in Xi’an, China. The results indicate that (1) the aboveground biomass and four GFs show obvious heterogeneity regarding their spatial distribution in Xi’an; (2) the dominant tree species and age group which impacts the patterns of aboveground biomass are the primary GFs, with the independent q value (a statistic metric used to quantify the impacts of GFs in this study) reaching 0.595 and 0.202, respectively, while the forest category and land type were weakly linked to the spatial variation of aboveground biomass, with a q value of 0.087 and 0.076, respectively; and (3) the interactions among these four GFs also tend to contribute to the distribution pattern of aboveground biomass. The interactions between GFs achieved a larger impact than the sum of impacts that were independently obtained from the factors. Our results showed that the method of using a geographical detector is a useful tool in the urban area, and can reveal the driver pattern of aboveground biomass and provide a reference for city planning and management.
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Multi-Criteria Decision Method for Sustainable Watercourse Management in Urban Areas. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid urban growth followed by disordered occupation has been generating significant impacts on cities, bringing losses of an economic and social nature that directly interfere with the well-being of the population. In this work, a proposal for local urban infrastructure problems associated with watercourse management is presented, comparing Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) techniques and Low-Impact Development (LID) concepts with alternative traditional interventions. The study addresses sustainable alternatives to cope with the urbanization of the Cehab’s open channel, which is an important urban watercourse tributary of the Muriaé River, at the municipality of Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro—Brazil. The multi-criteria decision-making method called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied here. The results highlighted the better performance of sustainable techniques when compared to the traditional ones, with an overall advantage of the geogrids and geocells for this case study. The obtained TOPSIS coefficients-C for these techniques were higher (0.59488, for Reach 1; and 0.68656, for Reach 2) than those for the others. This research, therefore, presented an important urban watercourse management methodology that can be further applied to guide sustainable investments and help the decision-making associated with the development of territories.
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Changes in the Water Temperature of Rivers Impacted by the Urban Heat Island: Case Study of Suceava City. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cities alter the thermal regime of urban rivers in very variable ways which are not yet deciphered for the territory of Romania. The urban heat island of Suceava city was measured in 2019 and its impact on Suceava River was assessed using hourly and daily values from a network of 12 water and air monitoring stations. In 2019, Suceava River water temperature was 11.54 °C upstream of Suceava city (Mihoveni) and 11.97 °C downstream (Tişăuţi)—a 3.7% increase in the water temperature downstream. After the stream water passes through the city, the diurnal thermal profile of Suceava River water temperature shows steeper slopes and earlier moments of the maximum and minimum temperatures than upstream because of the urban heat island. In an average day, an increase of water temperature with a maximum of 0.99 °C occurred downstream, partly explained by the 2.46 °C corresponding difference between the urban floodplain and the surrounding area. The stream water diurnal cycle has been shifted towards a variation specific to that of the local air temperature. The heat exchange between Suceava River and Suceava city is bidirectional. The stream water diurnal thermal cycle is statistically more significant downstream due to the heat transfer from the city into the river. This transfer occurs partly through urban tributaries which are 1.94 °C warmer than Suceava River upstream of Suceava city. The wavelet coherence analyses and ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) prove that there are significant (0.95 confidence level) causal relationships between the changes in Suceava River water temperature downstream and the fluctuations of the urban air temperature. The complex bidirectional heat transfer and the changes in the diurnal thermal profiles are important to be analysed in other urban systems in order to decipher in more detail the observed causal relationships.
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i-Tree cool river: An open source, freeware tool to simulate river water temperature coupled with HEC-RAS. MethodsX 2020; 7:100808. [PMID: 32181151 PMCID: PMC7063232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This method paper explains the i-Tree Cool River model algorithms for simulating the response of river water temperature to urban greening. The model captures the warming and cooling impacts of urban development and restoration through a water and energy budget. The water budget includes river inflows from urban storm sewers and reservoirs, and the associated water temperatures. The energy budget adjusts radiation fluxes due to riparian shading and evapotranspiration, and propagates temperature downstream. Restorative cooling of the river can be simulated through algorithms for cool groundwater, either as direct inflows or by river water replacement called hyporheic exchange. Novel features in the model include diurnal variation in riparian shading, use of the Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS model predicted river depths and velocities, and periodic boundary conditions to rapidly extend restoration scenarios.Freely available code in C++ for Visual Studio, with a detailed manual and sample inputs and outputs at http://www.itreetools.org/research_suite/coolriver. Useful for simulating river warming or cooling due to urban development or greening. Well documented source code compatible with requirements of other modeling groups.
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