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Hydroxytyrosol Alleviated Hypoxia-Mediated PC12 Cell Damage through Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8673728. [PMID: 35693707 PMCID: PMC9187455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8673728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia exerts pressure on cells and organisms, and this pressure can occur under both pathological and nonpathological conditions. There are many reports confirmed that hydroxytyrosol has good in vitro antioxidant activity, while the research about hydroxytyrosol on hypoxia-mediated cell damage is still unclear. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of hydroxytyrosol on hypoxia-mediated cell damage. Methods We studied the effects of hydroxytyrosol on the content of reactive oxygen species, the change of antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and the content of oxidation products MDA and GSH, and the changes of cell membrane potential and effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway under hypoxia-mediated PC12 cell. Results PC12 cell treated with hydroxytyrosol abated the cell apoptosis and alleviated the oxidative stress through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, improving the enzyme activity and changing the content of oxidation products and alleviating mitochondria damage. Western blotting confirmed that the mechanism maybe related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. The inhibition experiment confirmed that hydroxytyrosol takes part in the expression of protein PI3K and p-mTOR. Conclusion Hydroxytyrosol reduced the oxidative stress and resisted the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway caused by hypoxia, improved cell apoptosis, and ameliorated the antihypoxia ability of PC12 cells under hypoxia.
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Hu Z, Silipo A, Li W, Molinaro A, Yu B. Synthesis of Forsythenethoside A, a Neuroprotective Macrocyclic Phenylethanoid Glycoside, and NMR Analysis of Conformers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13733-13743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Serial hyphenation of dried spot, reversed phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry towards direct chemical profiling of herbal medicine-derived liquid matrices, an application in Cistanche sinensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Morikawa T, Xie H, Pan Y, Ninomiya K, Yuan D, Jia X, Yoshikawa M, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Muraoka O. A Review of Biologically Active Natural Products from a Desert Plant Cistanche tubulosa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:675-689. [PMID: 31257323 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An Orobanchaceae plant Cistanche tubulosa (SCHENK) WIGHT (Kanka-nikujuyou in Japanese), which is one of the authorized plant resources as Cistanches Herba in both Japanese and Chinese Pharmacopoeias, is a perennial parasitic plant growing on roots of sand-fixing plants. The stems of C. tubulosa have traditionally been used for treatment of impotence, sterility, lumbago, and body weakness as well as a promoting agent of blood circulation. In recent years, Cistanches Herba has also been widely used as a health food supplement in Japan, China, and Southeast Asian countries. Here we review our recent studies on chemical constituents from the stems of C. tubulosa as well as their bioactivities such as vasorelaxtant, hepatoprotective, and glucose tolerance improving effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University.,Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | - Haihui Xie
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.,South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yingni Pan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University.,Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiaoguang Jia
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.,Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University.,Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University.,Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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Liu W, Song Q, Cao Y, Xie N, Li Z, Jiang Y, Zheng J, Tu P, Song Y, Li J. From 1H NMR-based non-targeted to LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics strategy for in-depth chemome comparisons among four Cistanche species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:16-27. [PMID: 30219595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The great orthogonality between 1H NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS implies that their deployments in series could offer an opportunity to gain the qualified molecular markers via comparative metabolomics, and an attempt was made here to propose an integrated strategy namely "from 1H NMR-based non-targeted to LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics". In-depth chemome comparisons of Cistanche plants, such as C. deserticola, C. salsa, C. tubulosa, and C. sinensis, that possess dramatic economic and ecological benefits for the arid regions in the northwest China attributing to their dramatic medicinal and edible values, were employed to verify the applicability. 1H NMR-based non-targeted matabolomics acted as the survey experiment to find those signals offering decisive contributions towards the species discrimination, and the signals were translated to a set of putative identities, eighteen ones in total, through matching with authentic compounds and referring to some accessible databases. Afterwards, an advanced LC-MS platform assembling reversed phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, and tailored multiple reaction monitoring, was introduced to simultaneously quantify those eighteen potential markers in a single analytical run, because those candidates exhibited great polarity span as well as wide content range. Significant species differences occurred amongst their chemome patterns. Echinacoside, acteoside, betaine, mannitol, 6-deoxycatalpol, sucrose, and 8-epi-loganic acid were disclosed as the markers enabling the discrimination of those four species. The findings offered an alternative tool to differentiate Cistanche plants. More importantly, the strategy namely "from 1H NMR-based non-targeted to LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics" facilitates the pursuit of molecular markers among analogue plants, and thereby provides a promising choice for in-depth chemome comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Li Y, Peng Y, Ma P, Yang H, Xiong H, Wang M, Peng C, Tu P, Li X. Antidepressant-Like Effects of Cistanche tubulosa Extract on Chronic Unpredictable Stress Rats Through Restoration of Gut Microbiota Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:967. [PMID: 30186183 PMCID: PMC6112285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, are linked with gut microbiome through the gut–brain axis. Cistanches Herba is well known for the treatment of “kidney-yang” deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and has been used for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in recent years. In this study, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression model was established to explore the impact of Cistanche tubulosa extract (CTE) on behavioral tests, monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in hippocampus and colon, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Moreover, correlation analysis was used to evaluate the functional relationship between altered gut microbiota, changed neurotransmitters and neurotrophins in hippocampus and colon, and disturbed concentration of SCFAs. CTE significantly improved depression-like behaviors in rats under CUS. Brain level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in CUS rats were restored by CTE. The relative abundance of gut microbiota and the concentrations of acetate and hexanoic acid could also be modulated by CTE treatment. We further showed that the application of CTE in CUS rats led to strong correlation among disrupted gut microbiota composition, hippocampus neurotransmitter levels, and production of neuroactive metabolite SCFAs. Altogether, these results identify CTE as a potential treatment for depressive symptoms by restoring homeostasis of gut microbiota for microbiota–gut–brain axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of neuropsychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Fu Z, Fan X, Wang X, Gao X. Cistanches Herba: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics property. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:233-247. [PMID: 29054705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanches Herba is an Orobanchaceae parasitic plant. As a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), its traditional functions include treating kidney deficiency, impotence, female infertility and senile constipation. Chemical analysis of Cistanches Herba revealed that phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides were the main constituents. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that Cistanches Herba exhibited neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hormonal balancing, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects, etc. The aim of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the phytochemistry, pharmacological research and pharmacokinetics studies of the major constituents of Cistanches Herba. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search was conducted by systematic searching multiple electronic databases including SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI. Information was also collected from journals, local magazines, books, monographs. RESULTS To date, more than 100 compounds have been isolated from this genus, include phenylethanoid glycosides, carbohydrates, lignans, iridoids, etc. The crude extracts and isolated compounds have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, such as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside and acteoside have attracted the most attention for their significantly neuropharmacology effects. Pharmacokinetic studies of echinacoside and acteoside also have also been summarized. CONCLUSION Phenylethanoid glycosides have demonstrated wide pharmacological actions and have great clinical value if challenges such as poor bioavailability, fast and extensive metabolism are addressed. Apart from phenylethanoid glycosides, other constituents of Cistanches Herba, their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms are also need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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8
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Liu W, Song Q, Yan Y, Liu Y, Li P, Wang Y, Tu P, Song Y, Li J. Integrated approach for confidence-enhanced quantitative analysis of herbal medicines, Cistanche salsa as a case. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1561:56-66. [PMID: 29807707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although far away from perfect, it is practical to assess the quality of a given herbal medicine (HM) through simultaneous determination of a panel of components. However, the confidences of the quantitative outcomes from LC-MS/MS platform risk several technical barriers, such as chemical degradation, polarity range, concentration span, and identity misrecognition. Herein, we made an attempt to circumvent these obstacles by integrating several fit-for-purpose techniques, including online extraction (OLE), serially coupled reversed phase LC-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (RPLC-HILIC), tailored multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and relative response vs. collision energy curve (RRCEC) matching. Confidence-enhanced quantitative analysis of Cistanche salsa (Csa), a well-known psammophytic species and tonic herbal medicine, was conducted as a proof-of-concept. OLE module was deployed to prohibit chemical degradation, in particular E/Z-configuration transformation for phenylethanoid glycosides. Satisfactory retention took place for each analyte regardless of polarity because of successive passing through RPLC and HILIC columns. Optimum parameters for the minor components, at the meanwhile of inferior ones for the abundant ingredients, ensured the locations of all contents in the linear ranges. The unequivocal assignment of the captured signals was achieved by matching retention times, ion transitions, and more importantly, RRCECs between authentic compounds and suspect peaks. Diverse validation assays demonstrated the newly developed method to be reliable. Particularly, the distribution of mannitol rather than galactitol was disclosed although these isomers showed identical retention time and ion transitions. The contents of 21 compounds-of-interest were definitively determined in Csa as well as two analogous species, and the quantitative patterns exerted great variations among not only different species but different Csa samples. Together, the fortification of OLE-RPLC-HILIC-tailored MRM with RRCEC matching could fully address the demands from confidence-enhanced quantitative analysis of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Chinese Minority Traditional Medicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macao
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macao
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wound Stress, an Unheeded Factor for Echinacoside Accumulation in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040893. [PMID: 29649140 PMCID: PMC6017391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, a precious parasitic medicinal herb distributed in desert areas in the Northwest of China, also known as "desert ginseng", has been used in China for thousands of years for its nourishing effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) have been proven as the main effective compounds due to their neuroprotective effects and were used for quality control. In this study, echinacoside content, a representative PeG, total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging activity, and PAL activity were determined in different tissues of C. deserticola. Our results showed that most indices had a similar pattern of scale > cambium ring > pith and bottom part > middle part > upper part. Besides, stereomicroscopic observation showed that the scale surface was densely covered with physical wounds formed during vertical and broadwise growth in sand. Thus, wound area was quantified and a linear regression analysis was conducted between wound area and PAL activity, total phenolics, and echinacoside content. Our results suggested that physical wounding caused by sand might play an important role in echinacoside biosynthesis which has never been noticed in C. deserticola development. Furthermore, the coexistence of the highest PAL activity and highest echinacoside accumulation in scale tissue might indicate that the biosynthetic site of echinacoside in C. deseticola Y. C. Ma is mainly in the scale tissue.
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Wang N, Ji S, Zhang H, Mei S, Qiao L, Jin X. Herba Cistanches: Anti-aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:740-759. [PMID: 29344414 PMCID: PMC5758349 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cistanche species ("Rou Cong Rong" in Chinese) is an endangered wild species growing in arid or semi-arid areas. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanches has been used as a tonic in China for many years. Modern pharmacological studies have since demonstrated that Herba Cistanches possesses broad medicinal functions, especially for use in anti-senescence, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-neoplastic, anti-osteoporosis and the promotion of bone formation. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information on Herba Cistanches covering the aspects of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology, to lay ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Herba Cistanches' anti-aging effect and promote its clinical application as an anti-aging herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shaozhen Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Lumin Qiao
- Department of Emergency, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 750001, China.
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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Ahn J, Chae HS, Chin YW, Kim J. Dereplication-Guided Isolation of New Phenylpropanoid-Substituted Diglycosides from Cistanche salsa and Their Inhibitory Activity on NO Production in Macrophage. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071138. [PMID: 28698461 PMCID: PMC6152099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dereplication allows for a rapid identification of known and unknown compounds in plant extracts. In this study, we performed liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS)- based dereplication using data from ESI+ QTOF-MS for the analysis of phenylpropanoid-substituted diglycosides, the major active constituents of Cistanche salsa (C. A. Mey.) Beck. Using TOF-MS alone, the substructures of these compounds could be unambiguously confirmed based on the characteristic fragmentation patterns of various product ions. HPLC-MS based profiling of C. salsa also allowed for the detection of new phenylpropanoid-substituted diglycosides from this plant. Of them, five new phenylpropanoid-substituted diglycosides, named cistansalsides A–E (5, 6, 12, 17 and 18), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS analysis. All the isolates were tested for their inhibitory activity against NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Of the tested compounds, compounds 5, 11, 13 and 18 showed moderate inhibitory activity on inducible NO synthase. Compounds 11, 13 and 18 also inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB in macrophages. None of the compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Protective Effects of an Ancient Chinese Kidney-Tonifying Formula against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage to MES23.5 Cells. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:2879495. [PMID: 28386511 PMCID: PMC5366221 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2879495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage plays a critical role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). In our study, an ancient Chinese kidney-tonifying formula, which consists of Cistanche, Epimedii, and Polygonatum cirrhifolium, was investigated to protect MES23.5 dopaminergic neurons against hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative damage. The damage effects of H2O2 on MES23.5 cells and the protective effects of KTF against oxidative stress were evaluated using MTT assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunocytochemistry (ICC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoblotting. The results showed that cell viability was dramatically decreased after a 12 h exposure to 150 μM H2O2. TEM observation found that the H2O2-treated MES23.5 cells presented cellular organelle damage. However, when cells were incubated with KTF (3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 μg/ml) for 24 h after H2O2 exposure, a significant protective effect against H2O2-induced damage was observed in MES23.5 cells. Using ICC, we found that KTF inhibited the reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) induced by H2O2, upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of HO-1, CAT, and GPx-1, and downregulated the expression of caspase 3. These results indicated that KTF may provide neuron protection against H2O2-induced cell damage through ameliorating oxidative stress, and our findings provide a new potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Abushouk AI, Negida A, Ahmed H, Abdel-Daim MM. Neuroprotective mechanisms of plant extracts against MPTP induced neurotoxicity: Future applications in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:635-645. [PMID: 27890431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affecting about seven to 10 million patients worldwide. The major pathological features of PD are loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and accumulation of alpha-synuclein molecules, forming Lewy bodies. Until now, there is no effective cure for PD, and investigators are searching for neuroprotective strategies to stop or slow the disease progression. The MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal pathway has been used to initiate PD in animal models. Multiple experimental studies showed the ability of several plant extracts to protect against MPTP induced neurotoxicity through activation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase enzymes, which reduce the cellular concentration of free radicals, preventing intracellular Ca++ release and subsequent apoptosis signaling. Other neuroprotective mechanisms of plant extracts include promoting autophagy of alpha-synuclein molecules and exerting an antiapoptotic activity via inhibition of proteolytic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and preventing caspase cleavage. The variety of neuroprotective mechanisms of natural plant extracts may allow researchers to target PD progression in different pathological stages and may be through multiple pathways. Further investigations are required to translate these neuroprotective mechanisms into safe and effective treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; NovaMed Medical research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Negida
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Student Research Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hussien Ahmed
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Student Research Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Boakye-Yiadom M, Han LF, Li W, Zhang Y, Liu EW, Song XB, Wang T. Chemical Constituents from Stems of Cistanches deserticola. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Li Z, Lin H, Gu L, Gao J, Tzeng CM. Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong-Rong): One of the Best Pharmaceutical Gifts of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 26973528 PMCID: PMC4771771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche species, known as Rou Cong-Rong in Chinese, are an endangered wild species and are mainly distributed in the arid lands and warm deserts of northwestern China. Within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Herba Cistanche is applied as a tonic and/or in a formula for chronic renal disease, impotence, female infertility, morbid leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia, and senile constipation. The chemical constituents of Herba Cistanche mainly consist of volatile oils, non-volatile phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. There have been an increasing number of studies focusing on its bio-activities, including antioxidation, neuroprotection, and antiaging. The objective of this review is to introduce this herb to the world. Its taxonomy, distribution, and corresponding biological functions and molecular mechanisms are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Huinuan Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Long Gu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China; INNOVA Clinics and TRANSLA Health GroupXiamen, China
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Liu YG, Li X, Xiong DC, Yu B, Pu X, Ye XS. Synthetic phenylethanoid glycoside derivatives as potent neuroprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:313-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu GS, Jia JM, Kim DH. Effects of feeding tyrosine and phenylalanine on the accumulation of phenylethanoid glycosides to Cistanche deserticola cell suspension culture. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:367-72. [PMID: 24856760 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of feeding phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and four phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) to a cell suspension culture of the parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola. METHOD A cell suspension culture of C. deserticola was established and precursors of different concentrations were fed. In each group, the cell was sampled at the 24(th) day after inoculation. The content of total phenolic compounds and four PeGs compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an HPLC method, respectively. RESULTS In the Phe fed cells, the maximum PeGs yield was achieved when Phe was fed at 1.5 mmol·L(-1) and the yield reached 1.13 times the control cell concentration. In the Tyr fed cells, the maximum yield of PeGs was 1.60 times of control when 0.75 mmol·L(-1) Tyr was fed to the cells. Furthermore, it was found that the salidroside yield was 4.01 times of control group when 5 mmol·L(-1) Tyr was fed. CONCLUSION Tyr is a better precursor for PeGs accumulation compared with Phe, and the rate limiting enzymes might be involved in the Tyr branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Sheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Joint Laboratory of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University & Dong-A University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Joint Laboratory of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University & Dong-A University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- Joint Laboratory of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University & Dong-A University, Shenyang 110016, China; College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.
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Ma Z, Yang Z, Lu D, Dai L, Wu B, Yao S. Determination of Bioactive Components ofCistanche deserticola(Roucongrong) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array and Mass Spectrometry Detectors. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.924012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guo Q, Zhou Y, Wang CJ, Huang YM, Lee YT, Su MH, Lu J. An open-label, nonplacebo-controlled study on Cistanche tubulosa glycoside capsules (Memoregain(®)) for treating moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:363-70. [PMID: 23687177 PMCID: PMC10852647 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Efficacy and safety of Cistanche tubulosa glycoside capsules (CTG capsule, Memoregain(®)) for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) were studied. METHODS A total of 18 patients with AD administered with Memoregain(®) for 48 weeks were assessed for drug efficacy by Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Blessed Behavioral Scale, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales. RESULTS The MMSE score was 14.78 ± 2.51 at baseline and 14.06 ± 4.26 at study completion. While changes in ADAS-cog score before and after 48 weeks of treatment were statistically insignificant, the score improved, deteriorated, and remained unchanged in 10, 7, and 1 patients, respectively. The ADL and CGI scores showed no significant difference from baseline. All adverse reactions were mild. CONCLUSION After Memoregain(®) treatment, patients with AD showed no obvious aggravation of cognitive function, independent living ability, and overall conditions but were stable throughout the study. Comparison with other long-term medications with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors suggests that Memoregain(®) has a potential to be a possible treatment option for mild to moderate AD. Large trials with bigger population are required to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Guo
- Institute of Neurology, Fudan University Huashan Affiliated Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Neurology, Fudan University Huashan Affiliated Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Jih Wang
- Research & Development Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Young-Ming Huang
- Research & Development Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ta Lee
- Research & Development Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Muh-Hwan Su
- Research & Development Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Institute of Neurology, Fudan University Huashan Affiliated Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Song JX, Sze SCW, Ng TB, Lee CKF, Leung GPH, Shaw PC, Tong Y, Zhang YB. Anti-Parkinsonian drug discovery from herbal medicines: what have we got from neurotoxic models? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:698-711. [PMID: 22212501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal medicines are used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) in ancient medical systems in Asian countries such as India, China, Japan and Korea based on their own anecdotal or experience-based theories. AIM OF THE REVIEW To systematically summarize and analyze the anti-Parkinsonian activities of herbal preparations (including active compounds, herbal extracts and formulations) investigated in the neurotoxic models of PD and provide future references for basic and clinical investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the herbal materials tested on in vitro and in vivo neurotoxic models of PD were retrieved from PubMed database by using pre-set searching strings. The relevant compounds and herbal extracts with anti-Parkinsonian activities were included and analyzed according to their chemical classifications or biological activities. RESULTS A total of 51 herbal medicines were analyzed. A diversity of compounds isolated from herbal materials were reported to be effective on neurotoxic models of PD by modulating multiple key events or signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The main structure types of these compounds belong to catechols, stilbenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and lignans, phenylethanoid glycosides and terpenes. Although some herbal extracts and formulations have shown positive results on PD animal models, the relative compounds accounting for the effects and the underlying mechanisms remain to be further investigated. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines can be an alternative and valuable source for anti-Parkinsonian drug discovery. Compounds classified into stilbenoids, flavonoids, catechols and terpenes may be the most promising candidates for further investigation. Some well-studies compounds such as baicalein, puerarin, resveratrol, curcumin and ginsenosides deserve further consideration in clinical trials. In-depth experimental studies are still needed to evaluate the efficacy of herbal extracts and formulations in PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Hu GS, Hur YJ, Jia JM, Lee JH, Chung YS, Yi YB, Yun DJ, Park SK, Kim DH. Effects of 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid treatment on the accumulation of salidroside and four phenylethanoid glycosides in suspension cell culture of Cistanche deserticola. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:665-674. [PMID: 21243361 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a specific competitive phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) inhibitor was applied to a suspension cell culture of Cistanche deserticola. The effects of AIP treatment on cell growth, PAL activity, contents and yields of total phenolic compound, salidroside and four phenylethanoid glycosides (PheGs) are investigated. The results demonstrated that, 0.5 and 2.0 μM AIP treatments had similar effects on the measurements investigated in this study. AIP treatment resulted in significant decreases in PAL activity, total phenolic compounds content, and PheGs content. Linear regression analysis showed that PAL activity had a high correlation coefficient with the total phenolic compound content and the four PheGs contents. Total PAL activity-time area under curve (AUC) had a high correlation coefficient with the total phenolic compound yield and the yields of five tested compounds in untreated cell samples. In AIP-treated cells, total PAL activity-time AUC retained a high correlation with the total phenolic compound yield and the yields of three tested compounds, echinacoside, acteoside, and tubuloside A, but not salidroside and cistanoside A. The difference could be caused by the different biosynthetic origins of each of the tested compounds. These results demonstrate the important role of PAL in the biosynthesis of PheGs in the suspension cell culture of C. deserticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Sheng Hu
- College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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Molecular characterization of phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene from Cistanche deserticola. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3741-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wu Y, Shi HM, Bao Z, Wang MY, Tu PF, Li XB. Application of Molecular Markers in Predicting Production Quality of Cultivated Cistanche deserticola. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:334-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hai Ming Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Zhong Bao
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | | | - Peng Fei Tu
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Xiao Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Wang H, Li WW, Cai DF, Yang R. [Protecting effect of Cistanche extracts on MPP+-induced injury of the Parkinson's disease cell model]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:407-11. [PMID: 17631803 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential protective role of Cistanche extracts on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) cellular model, and to find out whether this effect is achieved through the regulation of growth arrest- and DNA damage-induced gene 153 (GADD153). METHODS MPP(+))-induced cellular injury and the protective effect of Cistanche extracts on the SH-SY5Y cell line viability treated by MPP(+)) were investigated by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The mRNA of GADD153 in SH-SY5Y cell line treated by MPP(+)) and Cistanche extracts were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein level of GADD153 in SH-SY5Y was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Cistanche extracts (100 mug/ml) increased the cell viability (P<0.01). And the mRNA of GADD153 in the Cistanche extracts pretreatment group was much less than that in the MPP(+)) group (P<0.01). The result of Western blotting showed that GADD153 had a lower level in the Cistanche extracts pretreatment group, compared with MPP(+)) group, especially in the 100 microg/ml group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Cistanche extracts pretreatment has a protective effect on the MPP(+))-treated SH-SY5Y cell line, and its down-regulation of GADD153 may contribute to the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Shi HM, Wang J, Wang MY, Tu PF, Li XB. Identification of Cistanche species by chemical and inter-simple sequence repeat fingerprinting. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:142-6. [PMID: 19122297 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herba Cistanches is a common traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to reinforce the vital function of kidney and induce laxation for more than two thousands years. Four Cistanche species were found as Herba Cistanches in China herbal markets, including C. deserticola, C. tubulosa, C. salsa and C. sinensis. Phenylethanoid glycosides, particularly echinacoside and acteoside, are considered as active ingredients in Cistanche species. The contents of these compounds showed variation in different species and geographical sources. Standard chemical fingerprints were generated from each of four Cistanche species, which could be identification markers. In genetic analysis of Cistanche species, ninety-four inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and of which eight primers were found to be sufficient to distinguish different Cistanche species. As a result, the chemical fingerprint combined with the genetic fingerprint for distinction of Cistanche species could serve as markers for quality control of Herba Cistanches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ming Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Ma ZG, Yang ZL, Li P, Li CH. Simultaneous Determination of Eight Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Different Species of the Genus Cistanche by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802388540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-guo Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-lin Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-hua Li
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
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Jiang Y, Tu PF. Analysis of chemical constituents in Cistanche species. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1970-9. [PMID: 18691718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus of Cistanche (Rou Cong Rong in Chinese) are perennial parasite herbs, and are mainly distributed in arid lands and warm deserts. As a superior tonic for the treatment of kidney deficiency, impotence, female infertility, morbid leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia and senile constipation, Cistanche herbs earned the honor of "Ginseng of the desert". Recently, there has been increasing scientific attention on Herba Cistanche for its remarkable bioactivities including antioxidation, neuroprotection, and anti-aging. The chemical constituents of Cistanche plants mainly include volatile oils and non-volatile phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Pharmacological studies show that PhGs are the main active components for curing kidney deficiency, antioxidation and neuroprotection; galactitol and oligosaccharides are the representatives for the treatment of senile constipation, while polysaccharides are responsible for improving body immunity. In this paper, the advances on the chemical constituents of Cistanche plants and their corresponding analyses are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Chen H, Jing FC, Li CL, Tu PF, Zheng QS, Wang ZH. Echinacoside prevents the striatal extracellular levels of monoamine neurotransmitters from diminution in 6-hydroxydopamine lesion rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:285-9. [PMID: 17951018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of echinacoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated and purified from the stems of Cistanche salsa, a Chinese herbal medicine, on the striatal extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion rats. Seven days after 6-OHDA was injected into the right striatum of rats, the striatal extracellular levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA fell significantly (P<0.01 vs. vehicle), as demonstrated by the method of cerebral microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. However, simultaneous treatment with echinacoside (7.0, 3.5mg/kg) attenuated the diminution of them (P<0.01 vs. model). The results implied that echinacoside could protect the striatal dopaminergic neurons from injury induced by 6-OHDA and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
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Li YY, Lu JH, Li Q, Zhao YY, Pu XP. Pedicularioside A from Buddleia lindleyana inhibits cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP+) in primary cultures of rat mesencephalic neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 579:134-40. [PMID: 18035349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Buddleia lindleyana is a traditional Chinese herb, commonly called Zui Yu Cao. The purification and identification of pedicularioside A and other phenylethanoid glycosides from this plant have been reported. However, their neuroprotective effects on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced death of rat mesencephalic neuron primary cultures and the precise mechanism of this protection remains unclear. We used the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cellular growth to examine the effects of five phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from B. lindleyana, including pedicularioside A, leucosceptoside A, isoacteoside, acteoside, and arenariside, on the viability of mesencephalic neurons treated with MPP(+). Of the compounds tested, pedicularioside A exhibited the greatest degree of protection from MPP(+)-induced cell death. We also observed a marked increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons. Pedicularioside A inhibited expression of the caspase-3 gene and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in cultures exposed to MPP(+). Our results suggest that pedicularioside A has a neuroprotective effect to improve the survival of mesencephalic neurons (dopaminergic neurons and non-dopaminergic neurons). The mode of action appears to be the inhibition of caspase-3 gene expression, thereby protecting mesencephalic neurons from MPP(+)-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Tu PF, Song ZH, Shi HM, Jiang Y, Zhao YY. Arylethyl (= Phenylethanoid) Glycosides and Oligosaccharide from the Stem ofCistanche tubulosa. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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