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Han M, Li J, Wu Y, Tang Z. Potential immune-related therapeutic mechanisms of multiple traditional Chinese medicines on type 2 diabetic nephropathy based on bioinformatics, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112044. [PMID: 38648716 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) ranges from 20 % to 40 % among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Multiple immune pathways play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T2DN. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of active ingredients derived from 14 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) on T2DN. METHODS By removing batch effect on the GSE30528 and GSE96804 datasets, we employed a combination of weighted gene co-expression network analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and the CIBERSORT algorithm to identify the active ingredients of TCMs as well as potential hub biomarkers associated with immune cells. Functional analysis was conducted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Additionally, molecular docking was employed to evaluate interactions between active ingredients and potential immunotherapy targets. RESULTS A total of 638 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in this study, comprising 5 hub genes along with 4 potential biomarkers. Notably, CXCR1, CXCR2, and FOS exhibit significant associations with immune cells while displaying robust or favorable affinities towards the active ingredients kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin. Furthermore, functional analysis unveiled intricate involvement of DEGs, hub genes and potential biomarkers in pathways closely linked to immunity and diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential hub biomarkers and immunotherapy targets associated with immune cells of T2DN comprise CXCR1, CXCR2, and FOS. Furthermore, kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin demonstrate potential immunomodulatory effects in modulating T2DN through the regulation of CXCR1, CXCR2, and FOS expression.
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MESH Headings
- Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/immunology
- Humans
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Computational Biology
- Network Pharmacology
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Gene Regulatory Networks/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Yuexi Hospital of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Xinyi People's Hospital), Xinyi, China
| | - Yijin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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2
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Kim Y, Cho M, Jang CH, Lee JS, Kim JS, Oh J, Lim J. Oral Administration of Euonymus alatus Leaf Extract Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. Foods 2024; 13:682. [PMID: 38472795 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is frequently characterized by progressive and irreversible impairment of cognitive functions. However, its etiology remains poorly understood, limiting therapeutic interventions. Our previous study showed that the ethanol extract of Euonymus alatus leaves (EA) positively affected scopolamine-induced hypomnesia in the normal mouse model by promoting nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Herein, we examined whether EA administration could ameliorate major AD phenotypes that are manifested in 5xFAD transgenic mice. Two-month-old mice were orally administered with EA at a dose of 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg body weight/day thrice a week for 14 weeks. We observed that EA administration improved behavioral deficits as assessed by the passive avoidance, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tasks; decreased the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-1β; decreased the protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus; and attenuated histological damage and amyloid beta plaques in the hippocampal region of 5xFAD mouse brain. Interestingly, our data demonstrated that the effectiveness was partially attributed to quercetin, which was noted to be a component of EA. Hence, these findings suggest that a long-term administration of EA could alleviate AD symptoms and delay its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Jang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Environment Research Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju 38174, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Bashir KMI, Kim JW, Park HR, Lee JK, Choi BR, Choi JS, Ku SK. Validating the Health Benefits of Coffee Berry Pulp Extracts in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 38275632 PMCID: PMC10812732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) berry pulp extracts (CBP extracts) on the improvement of diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated using various in vitro antioxidant activity assays and through a high-fat diet-induced mild diabetic obese mouse model. After an 84-day oral administration of CBP extracts (400-100 mg/kg), bioactivities were evaluated. The in vitro analysis showed the highest DPPH● scavenging activity of 73.10 ± 4.27%, ABTS● scavenging activity of 41.18 ± 1.14%, and SOD activity of 56.24 ± 2.81%, at a CBP extract concentration of 1000 µg/mL. The in vivo analysis of the CBP extracts showed favorable and dose-dependent anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, NAFLD, nephropathy, and hyperlipidemia refinement effects through hepatic glucose enzyme activity, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) up-regulation, antioxidant activity, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and pancreatic lipid digestion enzyme modulatory activities. This study shows that an appropriate oral dosage of CBP extracts could function as a potent herbal formulation for a refinement agent or medicinal food ingredient to control type 2 diabetes and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea;
- German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Lee
- CNS Pharm Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul 04043, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
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Narimatsu Y, Matsuura D, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Neurosecretory Protein GL Promotes Normotopic Fat Accumulation in Male ICR Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126488. [PMID: 35742932 PMCID: PMC9223635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) is a small secretory protein identified in the hypothalamus of birds and mammals. We recently reported that NPGL exerts obesogenic effects in obesity-prone C57BL6/J mice. However, whether NPGL elicits adiposity in different mouse strains is poorly understood. In this study, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing Npgl using the ICR strain (Npgl Tg mice) to elucidate the obesogenic effects of NPGL in different strains. Npgl Tg mice showed increased white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. Although the mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was slightly altered in Npgl Tg mice, hypertrophy of lipid droplets was also observed in BAT. In contrast, fat accumulation was not induced in the liver, with the upregulation of mRNAs related to hepatic lipolysis. These results support the hypothesis that NPGL causes obesity in several strains and species. This report highlights the pivotal role of NPGL in fat accumulation in adipose tissues and contributes to the elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying obesity and metabolic diseases in heterogeneous populations.
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Kang HG, Bashir KMI, Kim KY, Shin S, Choi MW, Hong EJ, Choi SH, Kim JW, Choi JS, Ku SK. Evaluation of Dose-Dependent Obesity and Diabetes-Related Complications of Water Chestnut (Fruit of Trapa japonica) Extracts in Type II Obese Diabetic Mice Induced by 45% Kcal High-Fat Diet. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020189. [PMID: 35208513 PMCID: PMC8880371 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The currently used pharmacological agents for metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes have several limitations and adverse effects; thus, there is a need for alternative therapeutic drugs and health functional foods. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the pharmacological effects of water chestnut (fruit of Trapa japonica) extracts (WC: 50–200 mg/kg) for type II diabetes using a 45% Kcal high-fat diet (HFD)-fed type II obese diabetic mice model for a period of 84 days, and the effects were compared to those of metformin (250 mg/kg). Results: Increases in body weight, serum biochemical indices such as triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and blood urea nitrogen, increases in antioxidant defense system enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, and mRNA expressions (such as AMPKα1 and AMPKα2) in the liver tissue and mRNA expressions (such as AMPKα2 mRNA, leptin, and C/EBPα) in the adipose tissue were observed in the HFD control group. The WC (50 mg/kg)-administered group showed no significant improvements in diabetic complications. However, HFD-induced obesity and diabetes-related complications such as hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant defense systems, and gene expressions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited and/or normalized by oral administration of WC (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), particularly at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that WC at an appropriate dose could be used to develop an effective therapeutic drug or functional food for type II diabetes and various associated complications, including NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gu Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, 31, Gwahaksandan 1-ro, 60 bean-gil, Gangseo-gu, Busan 46742, Korea;
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Research Institute, Bio Port Korea Inc. #207, 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (S.S.); (M.-W.C.); (E.-J.H.)
| | - Su Shin
- Research Institute, Bio Port Korea Inc. #207, 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (S.S.); (M.-W.C.); (E.-J.H.)
| | - Min-Woo Choi
- Research Institute, Bio Port Korea Inc. #207, 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (S.S.); (M.-W.C.); (E.-J.H.)
| | - Eun-Jin Hong
- Research Institute, Bio Port Korea Inc. #207, 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (S.S.); (M.-W.C.); (E.-J.H.)
| | - Seong-Hun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Gyeongnam Veterinary Service Laboratory, 104, Chojeonbuk-ro, Jinju 52733, Korea;
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.C.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-51-999-5647 (J.-S.C.); +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.)
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (S.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.C.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-51-999-5647 (J.-S.C.); +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.)
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Wang W, Liu Y, Che F, Li H, Liu J, Wu N, Gu Y, Wei Y. Isolation and purification of flavonoids from Euonymus alatus by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and neuroprotective effect of rhamnazin-3-O-rutinoside in vitro. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4422-4430. [PMID: 34670011 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids from Euonymus alatus exhibit many biological activities including significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer. In this work, a high-speed countercurrent chromatography method for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from crude extracts of Euonymus alatus was established. The effects of several solvent systems on the separation efficiency of target compounds in the extract of Euonymus alatus were studied. The solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at a volume ratio of (3:5:3:5, v/v) was chosen, in which the lower phase was used as the mobile phase at the rotation speed of 800 rpm and flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The three flavonoids were obtained and identified as patuletin-3-O-rutinoside, rhamnazin-3-O-rutinoside, and dehydrodicatechin A by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, and the quantities of patuletin-3-O-rutinoside, rhamnazin-3-O-rutinoside, and dehydrodicatechin A were 2.2, 9.7, and 1.8 mg, respectively. The results indicated that high-speed countercurrent chromatography was a simple and efficient method for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from the crude extracts of Euonymus alatus. The cellular antioxidant activity experimental result indicated that rhamnazin-3-O-rutinoside could alleviate H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fenfang Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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7
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Efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Euonymus alatus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15120. [PMID: 34301990 PMCID: PMC8302629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish an efficient plant regeneration system from cell suspension cultures of Euonymus alatus, embryogenic callus formation from immature embryos was investigated. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation reached 50% when the immature zygotic embryos were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). At higher concentrations of 2,4-D (over 2 mg/L), the frequency of embryogenic callus formation declined significantly. The total number of somatic embryos development was highest with the 3% (w/v) sucrose treatment, which was found to be the optimal concentration for somatic embryo formation. Activated charcoal (AC) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) significantly increased the frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos, but gibberellic acid (GA3) had a negative effect on plantlet conversion and subsequent development from somatic embryos. Even though the cell suspension cultures were maintained for more than 1 year, cell aggregates from embryogenic cell suspension cultures were successfully converted into normal somatic embryos with two cotyledons. To our knowledge, this is the first successful report of a plant regeneration system of E. alatus via somatic embryogenesis. Thus, the embryogenic cell line and plant regeneration system established in this study can be applied to mass proliferation and production of pharmaceutical metabolite in E. alatus.
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Ruiz-Riaguas A, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Llorent-Martínez EJ. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3445-3449. [PMID: 33283539 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1855641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the phenolic profile and evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts from Euonymus japonicus Thunb., a species of flowering plant in the Celastraceae family. Liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array and electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (DAD-ESI-MSn) detection was used to characterise and quantify phenolic compounds. Thirty-two compounds were detected; among them, flavonoids (mainly quercetin and kaempferol glycosides) were the most abundant compounds in both extracts. The results obtained for DPPH and ABTS assays in the extracts were in agreement with the highest content of phenolics in the methanol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ruiz-Riaguas
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - M L Fernández-de Córdova
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eulogio J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Fan L, Zhang C, Ai L, Wang L, Li L, Fan W, Li R, He L, Wu C, Huang Y. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, separation and analysis technologies of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112942. [PMID: 32423879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (E. alatus), a well-known medicinal plant, has been widely used thousands of years in China for the treatment of various diseases such as urticaria, dysmenorrhea, wound, dysentery, blood stasis, rheumatism and arthritis. Due to the extensive application of E. alatus in the fields of ethnopharmacological usage, the pharmaceutical researches of E. alatus keeps deepening. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper reviewed and summarized the integrated research progress of this medicinal plant. A comprehensive summary and comparison of traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, separation and analysis technologies of the E. alatus highlight recent scientific advances, which provides new insights into the research and development of this medicinal plant and would be helpful to promote the research situation of underlying pharmacological mechanisms and further utilizations of E. alatus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature survey was carried out via classic books of herbal medicine, PhD. and MSc. Dissertations. Online scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and others were searched up to February 2020 to identify eligible studies. All literatures of the research subject are analyzed and summarized in this review. RESULTS The E. alatus has been widely used in traditional practice in China, Korea and other Asian Countries. In the study of phytochemistry, more than 230 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from E. alatus, including sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and other compounds. Among them, literature reports show that flavonoids and steroids are the most important bioactive substances found in this plant. A number of researches also have shown that extracts and compounds from E. alatus exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic effect, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory effects, hepatoprotective effects, antioxidant effects, antibacterial effects, as well as other effects. However, most of the studies without clinical research. Research into plant's toxicological effects has also been limited. In addition, this review also summarizes and compares the separation and analysis technologies of E. alatus. CONCLUSIONS E. alatus has potential for the treatment of many diseases, especially tumors and diabetes. But many traditional uses of E. alatus have not been validated by current investigations. Additionally, modern studies haven't gone far enough into its pharmacological effects and the corresponding chemical constituents, more efforts should be made to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of E. alatus for treatment of tumors and diabetes. Moreover, the toxicological effects of this plant can be further studied. Currently, there are limited studies on its side effects and toxicological effects, which should provide further guidance for the safety of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liying He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yongliang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Kim MY, Shin MR, Seo BI, Noh JS, Roh SS. Young Persimmon Fruit Extract Suppresses Obesity by Modulating Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:273-280. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bu-Il Seo
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
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Kim JW, Lee YS, Seol DJ, Cho IJ, Ku SK, Choi JS, Lee HJ. Anti-obesity and fatty liver-preventing activities of Lonicera caerulea in high-fat diet-fed mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3047-3064. [PMID: 30221679 PMCID: PMC6202101 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue honeysuckle (BH, Lonicera caerulea) is used as a traditional medicine in Russia, Japan and China, but is not commonly considered as an edible berry in Europe, USA or Korea. BH has been revealed to decrease serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride or TG) levels through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus it is expected to be a health functional food and pharmaceutical agent for the prevention of non-alcoholic liver damage, in addition to effects as a suppressor of hyperlipidemia and as an anti-obesity agent. In the present study, the pharmacological activity of BH extract (BHe) was observed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Significant increases in fat pad weight, body weight, fat accumulation (body and abdominal fat density, and thickness of the periovarian and abdominal wall) and serum biochemical levels (aspartate transaminase, alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and TG, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein) were observed in HFD-fed mice. In addition, increases in adipocyte hypertrophy, the area of steatohepatitis and hepatocyte hypertrophy were observed, whereas decreased zymogen content was identified upon histopathological observation. Increased deterioration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system (liver catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed. In addition, there were decreases in hepatic glucokinase activity, AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 mRNA expression, adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 expression, and adiponectin mRNA expression, increases in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity, hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 mRNA expression, and the expression of leptin, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, C/EBPβ and sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c mRNA in the periovarian tissue. Furthermore, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity were significantly inhibited by the continuous administration of BHe for 84 days. These results revealed that BHe may be a promising novel drug or functional food candidate for the treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Wan Kim
- Aribio Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Jin Seol
- Aribio Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation and Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Oriental Medicine, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
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12
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Nakamura Y, Suzuki K. Tunnel use facilitates handling of ICR mice and decreases experimental variation. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:886-892. [PMID: 29657231 PMCID: PMC6021882 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a handling method using tunnels to tame laboratory mice (ICR) in the context
of animal welfare and ease of handling. During 1-week acclimation to handling and
subsequent 1-week oral administration (once per day), voluntary interaction with the
experimenter was much greater in mice handled by a tunnel compared to those picked up by
the tail. According to a rating of the ease of handling laboratory mice, a tunnel
facilitated mouse handling during acclimation to handling and oral gavage of saline
compared to tail handling. In addition, mice handled by a tunnel showed less anxiety than
mice handled by the tail in the open field test, but not in elevated plus maze.
Calculation of experimental variation in behavioral tests, which were used to mimic
pharmacological studies, suggested that mice handled by a tunnel exhibited the tendency of
less variation compared to those picked up by the tail, in both groups that were
intraperitoneally administered saline as placebo and diazepam as an active drug. Thus,
tunnel use could be beneficial for improving animal welfare and facilitated handling of
ICR mice in mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakamura
- Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaoru Suzuki
- Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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13
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Yan W, Liu H, Deng X, Jin Y, Wang N, Chu J. Acellular dermal matrix scaffolds coated with connective tissue growth factor accelerate diabetic wound healing by increasing fibronectin through PKC signalling pathway. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1461-e1473. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Yan
- College of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Hanping Liu
- College of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyuan Deng
- College of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Jin
- College of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Chu
- College of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal University Guangzhou China
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14
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Kim MR, Kim JW, Park JB, Hong YK, Ku SK, Choi JS. Anti-obesity effects of yellow catfish protein hydrolysate on mice fed a 45% kcal high-fat diet. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:784-800. [PMID: 28713910 PMCID: PMC5548026 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to the etiologies of a variety of comorbid conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the anti-obesity effects of yellow catfish protein hydrolysate (YPh) were observed in mice fed a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD) compared with those of mice treated with simvastatin. The HFD-fed control mice exhibited noticeable increase in body weight, and whole-body and abdominal fat densities, periovarian and abdominal wall-deposited fat pad weight, as well as in the levels of triglycerides (TG), blood total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and in the fecal TG and TC contents. However, they exhibited a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein levels. In addition, an increase was detected in periovarian and dorsal abdominally deposited fat pad thickness, adipocyte hypertrophy, the number of steatohepatitis regions, hepatocyte hypertrophy and lipid droplet deposition-related renal tubular vacuolation degenerative lesions, along with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and a deteriorated endogenous antioxidant defense system (glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase). However, all the above-mentioned obesity-related complications were dose-dependently and significantly inhibited after 84 days of thye consecutive oral administration of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg YPh. In addition, YPh dose-dependently depleted the liver endogenous antioxidant defense system and inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation. Overall, the effects of 250 mg/kg YPh on HFD-induced obesity and related complications were similar or more potent than those of 10 mg/kg simvastatin. These results indicate that YPh is a promising new potent medicinal ingredient for possible use in the treatment of obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ryung Kim
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Aribio Inc., Byeoksan Digital Valley, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07286
| | - Jeong Been Park
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
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15
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Zhang LJ, Zhu JY, Sun MY, Song YN, Rahman K, Peng C, Zhang M, Ye YM, Zhang H. Anti-inflammatory effect of Man-Pen-Fang, a Chinese herbal compound, on chronic pelvic inflammation in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:57-65. [PMID: 28652014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has become the focus of research for the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) based on unique medical theory system. Man-Pen-Fang (MPF), a Chinese herbal compound, which is composed of Thlaspi arvense L. (Cruciferae), Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Leguminosae), Smilax china L. (Liliaceae), Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. (Celastraceae) and Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) (Caryophyllaceae) MPF has been used for the treatment of CPID and exerted significant clinical curative effects. However, the corresponding active principles and anti-inflammatory mechanism of MPF are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of present study is to evaluate the effect of MPF on CPID in the chronic pelvic inflammation (CPI) rat model and elucidate its possible anti-inflammatory mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CPI in rats was induced by administration with E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Beta-hemolytic streptococcus. MPF (8.112g/(kg d) (20 times of adult dosage), 4.056g/(kg d) (10 times of adult dosage) and 2.028g/(kg d) (5 times of adult dosage)) and Jingangteng Capsule 2g/(kg d) (20 times of adult dosage) were administered orally for 20 days. The serum levels of five inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, P53, Fas, FasL and MMP-2 in the uterus tissue were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB p65 in uterus and ovary tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry assay and the pathological changes induced in the uterus and ovary tissues were observed by histology. RESULTS MPF caused a reduction in serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β1. The expression of P53 mRNA, Fas/FasL mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA in the uterus tissue was significantly elevated after treating with MPF, in contrast the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was decreased. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB p65 in uterus and ovary tissue was inhibited after treating with MPF. CONCLUSIONS These results taken together suggest that MPF has a significant anti-CPID effect, probably due to inhibition of the inflammation reaction by the promotion, and the induction of the apoptosis of inflammatory cells and downregulation of the serum levels of inflammation cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Meng-Yao Sun
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Yu-Mei Ye
- Department of Traditional Medical Science, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, China.
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16
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Kang H. Hypocholesterolemic Effect ofGinkgo BilobaSeeds Extract from High Fat Diet Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15616/bsl.2017.23.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
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17
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Teponno RB, Kusari S, Spiteller M. Recent advances in research on lignans and neolignans. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:1044-92. [PMID: 27157413 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00021e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2015Lignans and neolignans are a large group of natural products derived from the oxidative coupling of two C6-C3 units. Owing to their biological activities ranging from antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory to antiviral properties, they have been used for a long time both in ethnic as well as in conventional medicine. This review describes 564 of the latest examples of naturally occurring lignans and neolignans, and their glycosides in some cases, which have been isolated between 2009 and 2015. It comprises the data reported in more than 200 peer-reviewed articles and covers their source, isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivities (where available), and highlights the biosynthesis and total synthesis of some important ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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18
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Yen HW, Lin HL, Hao CL, Chen FC, Chen CY, Chen JH, Shen KP. Effects of pre-germinated brown rice treatment high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:979-986. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1279848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate using pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) to treat metabolic syndrome, we fed one group of mice standard-regular-diet (SRD) for 20 weeks and another group of mice high-fat-diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. We subdivided them into HFD group and HFD + PGBR group whose dietary carbohydrate was replaced with PGBR for 4 weeks. The HFD group gained more weight, had higher blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and lipids, liver levels of TG, feces TG and bile acid, lower adipose levels of adipocytokine, lower skeletal muscle IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3 K, Akt/PKB, GLUT-1, GLUT-4, GCK and PPAR-γ; higher liver SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, HMGCR, LDLR, CYP7α1 and PPAR-α, and higher adipose SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, and lower adipose PPAR-α and adiponectin. The HFD + PGBR group had clearly improved blood pressure, biochemical parameters and above proteins expressions. PGBR successful treatment of metabolic syndrome was achieved through improvements in glucose and lipid synthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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19
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Choi JS, Kim JW, Park JB, Pyo SE, Hong YK, Ku SK, Kim MR. Blood glycemia-modulating effects of melanian snail protein hydrolysates in mice with type II diabetes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1437-1451. [PMID: 28487991 PMCID: PMC5428967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater animal proteins have long been used as nutrient supplements. In this study, melanian snail (Semisulcospira libertina) protein hydrolysates (MPh) were found to exert anti-diabetic and protective effects against liver and kidney damage in mice with type II diabetes adapted to a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD). The hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of MPh were analyzed after 12 weeks of the continuous oral administration of MPh at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Diabetic control mice exhibited an increase in body weight, and blood glucose and insulin levels, with a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In addition, an increase in the regions of steatohepatitis, hepatocyte hypertrophy, and lipid droplet deposit-related renal tubular vacuolation degenerative lesions were detected, with noticeable expansion and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets, and an increase in glucagon- and insulin-producing cells, insulin/glucagon cell ratios in the endocrine pancreas and hepatic lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased zymogen contents. Furthermore, a deterioration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system was observed, with reduced glucose utilization related hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity and an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) activity. However, all of these diabetic complications were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with MPh in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the marked dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation, the depletion of the liver endogenous antioxidant defense system, and changes in hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities were also observed. The results of this study suggest that MPh exerts potent anti-diabetic effects, along with the amelioration of related complications in mice with type II diabetes. The overall effects of MPh at a dose of 125 mg/kg on HFD-induced diabetes and related complications were similar or more potent than those of metformin (250 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Aribio Inc., Byeoksan Digital Valley, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07286, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Been Park
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Pyo
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Kim
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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Hao GM, Liu YG, Wu Y, Xing W, Guo SZ, Wang Y, Wang ZL, Li C, Lv TT, Wang HL, Shi TJ, Wang W, Han J. The protective effect of the active components of ERPC on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:162-171. [PMID: 28315720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euonymus alatus, Radix trichosanthis, Panax notoginseng and Coptis chinensis are popular plants used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of the active components of Euonymus alatus, Radix trichosanthis, Panax notoginseng and Coptis chinensis (cERPC) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the rats and explore the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS After diabetes was induced in rats for 20 weeks, cERPC or water was administered for 12 weeks. After a hot plate test, motor nerve conduction velocity and sciatic nerve blood flow were determined; the sciatic nerves were isolated for toluidine blue staining; and the fibre area, fibre diameter, axon area, axon diameter and myelin thickness were evaluated. The levels of the myelin basic protein, myelin protein zero, Oct6 and Krox20 were measured by western blot or immunofluorescence. RESULTS cERPC was efficient in reducing the response latency, increasing motor nerve conduction velocity, enhancing sciatic nerve blood flow and ameliorating the pathological changes in diabetic rats. cERPC also had a role in increasing the levels of myelin basic protein and myelin protein zero and improving the expression of Oct6 and Krox20 in sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS cERPC ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy by attenuating electrophysiological, circulatory and morphological alterations, which is mediated by the Oct6-Krox20 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Mei Hao
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Xing
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu-Zhen Guo
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng-Lin Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Lv
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Tian-Jiao Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education (Syndromes and Formulas), Key Laboratory of Beijing (Syndromes and Formulas), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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21
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Lee S, Moon E, Choi SU, Kim KH. Lignans from the Twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold and Their Biological Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:1391-1396. [PMID: 27447684 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new sesquilignan, euonymolin A (1), and six known lignans, (-)-de-O-methylmagnolin (2), (+)-de-O-methylepimagnolin A (3), (+)-syringaresinol (4), (+)-pinoresinol (5), (+)-medioresinol (6), and (+)-lariciresinol 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from the twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (Celastraceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, HR-MS analysis and circular dichroism (CD) data, and the literature data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 cell line. All compounds showed cytotoxicity against the SK-MEL-2 cell line with IC50 values of 23.24 - 48.14 μm and inhibited NO production in LPS-activated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 6.75 - 23.53 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Eunjung Moon
- Charmzone R&D Center, Charmzone Co., Ltd., 318 Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06177, Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, 305-600, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea.
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22
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Euonymus alatus: A Review on Its Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9425714. [PMID: 27642361 PMCID: PMC5014951 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9425714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Euonymus alatus (E. alatus) is a medicinal plant used in some Asian countries for treating various conditions including cancer, hyperglycemia, and diabetic complications. This review outlines the phytochemistry and bioactivities of E. alatus related to antidiabetic actions. More than 100 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from E. alatus, including flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, lignans, cardenolides, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated the hypoglycemic activity of E. alatus extracts and its certain constituents. The hypoglycemic activity of E. alatus may be related to regulation of insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity, involving PPARγ and aldose reductase pathways. Further studies on E. alatus and its bioactive compounds may help to develop new agents for treating diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Kukula-Koch W, Widelski J, Koch W, Głowniak K. HPLC, Two-Dimensional TLC Determination of Phenolic Content, and anIn VitroPerspective to Antioxidant Potential ofEuonymus verrucosusScop. Extracts. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fermentation of Green Tea with 2% Aquilariae lignum Increases the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Green Tea Aqueous Extracts in the High Fat-Fed Mouse. Nutrients 2015; 7:9046-78. [PMID: 26540072 PMCID: PMC4663575 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-diabetic effects on the metabolomic differences between green tea (GT) and Aquilariae lignum-fermented green tea (fGT) were investigated in the high fat-fed mouse. To prove the differences, hypoglycemic (blood glucose, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels, pancreas weights and histopathological-immunohistochemistrical analysis of pancreas–insulin/glucagon cells), hepato- and nephron-protective (the changes in liver and kidney weight, histopathology of liver and kidney, serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) levels, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels), and hypolipidemic (the changes of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein levels with fecal TC and TG contents) effects were evaluated. In addition, liver lipid peroxidation, the glutathione contents, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured according to the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities of glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for action mechanisms. As a result, fGT showed a stronger hypoglycemic, hepato- and nephron-protective, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidant effect than GT in high fat-fed mice. In addition, fGT-treated mice exerted more favorable inhibitory activities against GK, G6pase, PERCK activities as compared to GT-treated mice. Taken together, fGT fermented with Aquilariae lignum, 1:49 (2%; g/g) has a stronger effect compared with GT. Therefore, fGT has the potential to increase bioactivity against type 2 diabetics.
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Hepatic genome-wide expression of lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity rats treated with cocoa polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Jeong SY, Nguyen PH, Zhao BT, Ali MY, Choi JS, Min BS, Woo MH. Chemical Constituents of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. and Their PTP1B and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1540-8. [PMID: 26172104 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical study on the corks of Euonymus alatus resulted in the isolation of a novel 3-hydroxycoumarinflavanol (23), along with ten triterpenoids (1-10), ten phenolic derivatives (11-20), and two flavonoid glycosides (21 and 22). Their structures were determined by extensive 1D and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data analysis. Furthermore, their inhibitory effects against the protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase enzyme activity were evaluated. Compounds 6, 7, 9, 15, 19, and 23 were non-competitive inhibitors, exhibiting most potency with IC50 values ranging from 5.6 ± 0.9 to 18.4 ± 0.3 µm, against PTP1B. Compound 3 (competitive), compounds 5 and 15 (mixed-competitive) displayed potent inhibition with IC50 values of 15.1 ± 0.7, 23.6 ± 0.6 and 14.8 ± 0.9 µm, respectively. Moreover, compounds 15, 20, and 23 exhibited potent inhibition on α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 10.5 ± 0.8, 9.5 ± 0.6, and 9.1 ± 0.5 µm, respectively. Thus, these active ingredients may have value as new lead compounds for the development of new antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
| | - Phi-Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
| | - Bing-Tian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Jae-Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
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Zhuhua Z, Zhiquan W, Zhen Y, Yixin N, Weiwei Z, Xiaoyong L, Yueming L, Hongmei Z, Li Q, Qing S. A novel mice model of metabolic syndrome: the high-fat-high-fructose diet-fed ICR mice. Exp Anim 2015; 64:435-42. [PMID: 26134356 PMCID: PMC4637381 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the metabolic syndrome (MS) is occurring at growing rates worldwide, raising extensive concerns on the mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for this disorder. Herein, we described a novel method of establishing MS model in rodents. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed with high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet or normal chow (NC) respectively for 12 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were assessed by glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Blood pressure was measured by a tail-cuff system. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were harvested for subsequent analysis. Serum insulin levels were measured by ELISA, and lipid profiles were determined biochemically. The HFHF diet-fed ICR mice exhibited obvious characteristics of the components of MS, including obvious obesity, severe insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dislipidemia, significant hypertension and hyperuricemia. Our data suggest that HFHF diet-fed ICR mice may be a robust and efficient animal model that could well mimic the basic pathogenesis of human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhuhua
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, P.R.China
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Wang J, Ryu HK. The effects of Momordica charantia on obesity and lipid profiles of mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:489-95. [PMID: 26425278 PMCID: PMC4575961 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried Momordica charantia aqueous extracts (MCA) and ethanol extracts (MCE) on obesity and lipid profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty two ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. The normal group was fed a basal diet, and other groups were fed a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. The normal and HFD groups were also orally administered distilled water each day for 7 weeks. The remaining groups received Momordica charantia extract (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day MCA, and 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day MCE). In order to measure the anti-obesity and lipid profile improvement effects, body and visceral tissue weight, lipid profiles, plasma insulin levels, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. RESULTS Both MCA and MCE significantly decreased body and visceral tissue weight relative to those of the HFD group (P < 0.05). Additionally high doses of MCE and MCA significantly reduced the plasmatic insulin levels compared to the HFD groups (P < 0.05) to concentrations comparable to those found in the normal group. MCA and MCE supplementation also significantly modulated the lipid profiles in plasma, liver, and feces compared to mice fed the HFD (P < 0.05). Furthermore MCA and MCE significantly increased hepatic SOD activity, and reduced MDA generation in the liver of the HFD mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study suggest that Momordica charantia extracts have anti-obesity effects and the ability to modulate lipid prolife of mice fed a HFD by suppressing body weight gain, visceral tissue weight, plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations, and lipid peroxidation along with increasing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Beneficial role of bitter melon supplementation in obesity and related complications in metabolic syndrome. J Lipids 2015; 2015:496169. [PMID: 25650336 PMCID: PMC4306384 DOI: 10.1155/2015/496169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are becoming epidemic both in developed and developing countries in recent years. Complementary and alternative medicines have been used since ancient era for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Bitter melon is widely used as vegetables in daily food in Bangladesh and several other countries in Asia. The fruits extract of bitter melon showed strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in experimental condition both in vivo and in vitro. Recent scientific evaluation of this plant extracts also showed potential therapeutic benefit in diabetes and obesity related metabolic dysfunction in experimental animals and clinical studies. These beneficial effects are mediated probably by inducing lipid and fat metabolizing gene expression and increasing the function of AMPK and PPARs, and so forth. This review will thus focus on the recent findings on beneficial effect of Momordica charantia extracts on metabolic syndrome and discuss its potential mechanism of actions.
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Shen KP, Hao CL, Yen HW, Chen CY, Wu BN, Lin HL. Pre-germinated brown rice prevents high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia through elevated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism pathway in C57BL/6J strain mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 56:28-34. [PMID: 25834303 PMCID: PMC4306661 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect and mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) prevented hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD). Normal six-week-old mice were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed standard-regular-diet (SRD) and group 2 was fed HFD for 16 weeks. In group 3, the mice were fed a HFD with its carbohydrate replaced with PGBR for 16 weeks. Comparing the SRD and HFD groups, we found the HFD group had higher blood pressure, higher concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c. The HFD group had less protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and glucokinase (GCK) and greater expression of glucogen synthase kinase (GSK) in skeletal muscle. The HFD group also had less expression of IR, serine/threonine kinase PI3K-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), GCK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in liver. In the HFD + PGBR group, the PGBR could reverse the disorders of blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c and increase insulin concentration. PGBR increased the IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 proteins, and ameliorated AMPK, GCK, GSK and PPARγ proteins. Together, PGBR prevented HFD-induced hyperglycemia through improving insulin levels, insulin receptor, glucose transporters and enhancing glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, 60 Da-Lian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
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Torres-Fuentes C, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. A natural solution for obesity: Bioactives for the prevention and treatment of weight gain. A review. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:49-65. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim CM, Yi SJ, Cho IJ, Ku SK. Red-koji fermented red ginseng ameliorates high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. Nutrients 2013; 5:4316-32. [PMID: 24177708 PMCID: PMC3847732 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of medicinal herbs improves their pharmacological efficacy. In this study, we investigated the effects of red-koji fermented red ginseng (fRG) on high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated metabolic disorders, and those effects were compared to those of non-fermented red ginseng (RG). fRG (500, 250 or 125 mg/kg), RG (250 mg/kg), simvastatin (10 mg/kg), silymarin (100 mg/kg) and metformin (250 mg/kg) were orally administered from 1 week after initiation of HFD supply for 84 days. The diameter of adipocytes in periovarian and abdominal fat pads and the thickness of the abdominal fat were significantly decreased by fRG treatment, while HFD-mediated weight gain was partly alleviated by fRG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, biochemical and histomorphometrical analyses clearly indicated that fRG significantly inhibited HFD-induced metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatopathy and nephropathy in a dose-dependent manner. More favorable pharmacological effects on HFD-mediated metabolic disorders were also observed with fRG compared to an equal dose of RG. This finding provides direct evidence that the pharmacological activities of RG were enhanced by red-koji fermentation, and fRG could be a neutraceutical resource for the alleviation of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Man Kim
- Department of Science Education, College of Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-714, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Seong Joon Yi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Il Je Cho
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.J.C.); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1549; Fax: +82-53-819-1436
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.J.C.); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1549; Fax: +82-53-819-1436
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Ruan CT, Lam SH, Lee SS, Su MJ. Hypoglycemic action of borapetoside A from the plant Tinospora crispa in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:667-675. [PMID: 23523259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study explores the hypoglycemic effects of borapetoside A, the most active principle among three major diterpenoids (borapetosides A, B, and C) isolated from ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa vines. METHODS We employed mouse mitogenic C2C12 and hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in this study. Furthermore, the mice were divided into three groups, including streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus, diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus, and normal control. The mice in each group were treated with assigned vehicle control, borapetoside A, or other active agents. RESULTS Borapetoside A was shown to increase the glycogen content and decrease the plasma glucose concentration in a concentration or dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. The hypoglycemic effects in the normal mice and the mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus were associated with the increases of the plasma insulin levels; whereas, the insulin levels remained unchanged in the mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Borapetoside A not only attenuated the elevation of plasma glucose induced by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, but also increased the glycogen synthesis of IL-6 treated C2C12 cells. Moreover, the elevated protein expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were reversed after borapetoside A treatment twice a day for 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The hypoglycemic effects of borapetoside A were mediated through both the insulin-dependent and the insulin-independent pathways. Furthermore, borapetoside A was shown to increase the glucose utilization in peripheral tissues, to reduce the hepatic gluconeogenesis, and to activate the insulin signaling pathway; they thereby contributed to the lowering of the plasma glucose. Comparison of the structures of three borapetosides suggests clearly that the C-8 stereochemistry plays a key role in hypoglycemic effect since the active borapetoside A and C possess 8R-chirality but the inactive borapetoside B possess 8S-chirality. The location of glycoside at C-3 for borapetoside A but C-6 for borapetoside C and the formation of lactone between C-4 and C-6 for borapetoside A, could account for the different potency in hypoglycemic action for these two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tun Ruan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yan ZH, Han ZZ, Hu XQ, Liu QX, Zhang WD, Liu RH, Li HL. Chemical constituents of Euonymus alatus. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhao Z, Dong L, Lin F, Wu Y. Simultaneous characterization and quantification of flavonoids in Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold from different origins by HPLC-PAD–MS. ARAB J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Xiao G, Sun L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. A new flavan-3-ol lactone and other constituents from Euonymus alatus with inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:1513-20. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.725400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Gongduan Xiao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yi Wang
- b Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Caffeic Acid Phenylethyl Amide Protects against the Metabolic Consequences in Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Diet and Streptozocin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:984780. [PMID: 22778782 PMCID: PMC3388606 DOI: 10.1155/2012/984780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenyl ester is distributed wildly in nature and has antidiabetic and cardiovascular protective effects. However, rapid decomposition by esterase leads to its low bioavailability in vivo. In this study, chronic metabolic and cardiovascular effects of oral caffeic acid phenylethyl amide, whose structure is similar to caffeic acid phenyl ester and resveratrol, were investigated in ICR mice. We found that caffeic acid phenylethyl amide protected against diet or streptozocin-induced metabolic changes increased coronary flow and decreased infarct size after global ischemia-reperfusion in Langendorff perfused heart. Further study indicated that at least two pathways might be involved in such beneficial effects: the induction of the antioxidant protein MnSOD and the decrease of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and NFκB in the liver. However, the detailed mechanisms of caffeic acid phenylethyl amide need further studies. In summary, this study demonstrated the protective potential of chronic treatment of caffeic acid phenylethyl amide against the metabolic consequences in diabetes mellitus.
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Zhu JX, Qin JJ, Chang RJ, Zeng Q, Cheng XR, Zhang F, Jin HZ, Zhang WD. Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Euonymus. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1055-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ruan CT, Lam SH, Chi TC, Lee SS, Su MJ. Borapetoside C from Tinospora crispa improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:719-724. [PMID: 22579212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often leads to disability from vascular complications and neurological complications. Tinospora crispa has been widely used in Asia and Africa as a remedy for diabetes and other diseases. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic actions of borapetoside C isolated from T. crispa, and the mechanisms underlying its actions. Acute treatment with borapetoside C (5mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the elevated plasma glucose induced by oral glucose in normal and type 2 DM (T2DM) mice. Compared to the effect of injected insulin (0.5 IU/kg), borapetoside C caused a more prominent increase of glycogen content in skeletal muscle of T2DM mice, but a less increase in type 1 DM (T1DM) mice. Combined treatment of a low dose borapetoside C (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) plus insulin enhanced insulin-induced lowering of the plasma glucose level and insulin-induced increase of muscle glycogen content. Continuous treatment with 5mg/kg borapetoside C (twice daily) for 7 days increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the expression of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) in T1DM mice. Combined treatment of a low dose borapetoside C (0.1mg/kg, twice daily) plus insulin for 7 days enhanced insulin-induced IR and Akt phosphorylation and GLUT2 expression in the liver of T1DM mice. This study proved that borapetoside C can increase glucose utilization, delayed the development of insulin resistance and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The activation of IR-Akt-GLUT2 expression and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity may contribute to the hypoglycemic action of borapetoside C in diabetic mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Glucose Transporter Type 2/metabolism
- Glycogen/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tinospora/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tun Ruan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim T, Lee W, Jeong KH, Song JH, Park SH, Choi P, Kim SN, Lee S, Ham J. Total synthesis and dual PPARα/γ agonist effects of amorphastilbol and its synthetic derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4122-6. [PMID: 22579420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Amorphastilbol (APH-1), isolated from a Robinia pseudoacacia var. umbraculifer [corrected] seed extract, is a biologically interesting natural trans-stilbene compound with dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ agonist activity. After total synthesis of APH-1 and its derivatives by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of a common (E)-styryl bromide intermediate and various aromatic trifluoroborate compounds, we biologically evaluated APH-2-APH-12 for PPAR agonist activity. APH-4 and APH-11 were effective PPARα/γ transcriptional activators, compared with APH-1. Therefore, we suggest that APH-4 and APH-11 are novel dual PPARα/γ agonists and are potentially useful for treating type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Kim
- Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
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Lam SH, Ruan CT, Hsieh PH, Su MJ, Lee SS. Hypoglycemic diterpenoids from Tinospora crispa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:153-159. [PMID: 22283497 DOI: 10.1021/np200692v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three new diterpenoids, 2-O-lactoylborapetoside B (1), 6'-O-lactoylborapetoside B (2), and tinocrispol A (3), and nine known diterpenoids (4-12) were isolated from an EtOH extract of Tinospora crispa vines. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The C-6 glucosyloxy group in borapetoside C (6) was revised to be α-oriented. The in vivo hypoglycemic activities of the major components, borapetosides A-C (4-6), were examined. Intraperitoneal injection of 4 and 6 (5 mg/kg) showed significant lowering of plasma glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Borapetoside C increased glucose utilization in peripheral tissues and reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, accounting for the hypoglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sio-Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Tu GH, Shi XW, Zhao Y, Zheng CD, Gao JM. Triterpenes of Euonymus alatus and their cytotoxic activity. Chem Nat Compd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-011-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Preliminary separation and purification of rutin and quercetin from Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold extracts by macroporous resins. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Derbalah AS, Dewir YH, El-Sayed AENB. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against sugar beet damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ikarashi N, Toda T, Okaniwa T, Ito K, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Acacia Polyphenol in Obese Diabetic KKAy Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:952031. [PMID: 21799697 PMCID: PMC3137845 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acacia polyphenol (AP) extracted from the bark of the black wattle tree (Acacia meansii) is rich in unique catechin-like flavan-3-ols, such as robinetinidol and fisetinidol. The present study investigated the anti-obesity/anti-diabetic effects of AP using obese diabetic KKAy mice. KKAy mice received either normal diet, high-fat diet or high-fat diet with additional AP for 7 weeks. After the end of administration, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin were measured. Furthermore, mRNA and protein expression of obesity/diabetic suppression-related genes were measured in skeletal muscle, liver and white adipose tissue. As a result, compared to the high-fat diet group, increases in body weight, plasma glucose and insulin were significantly suppressed for AP groups. Furthermore, compared to the high-fat diet group, mRNA expression of energy expenditure-related genes (PPARα, PPARδ, CPT1, ACO and UCP3) was significantly higher for AP groups in skeletal muscle. Protein expressions of CPT1, ACO and UCP3 for AP groups were also significantly higher when compared to the high-fat diet group. Moreover, AP lowered the expression of fat acid synthesis-related genes (SREBP-1c, ACC and FAS) in the liver. AP also increased mRNA expression of adiponectin and decreased expression of TNF-α in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, the anti-obesity actions of AP are considered attributable to increased expression of energy expenditure-related genes in skeletal muscle, and decreased fatty acid synthesis and fat intake in the liver. These results suggest that AP is expected to be a useful plant extract for alleviating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Jeong EJ, Cho JH, Sung SH, Kim SY, Kim YC. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by lignans isolated from Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2283-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oh BK, Mun J, Seo HW, Ryu SY, Kim YS, Lee BH, Oh KS. Euonymus alatus extract attenuates LPS-induced NF-κB activation via IKKβ inhibition in RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:288-293. [PMID: 21182917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects with the extract of Euonymus alatus (EEA), and specially focused on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by targeting the IκB kinase β (IKKβ). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of EEA for IKKβ activity was analyzed using an immobilized metal affinity for phosphochemicals (IMAP)-based time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. The effect of EEA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with western blotting and immunofluorescent staining was evaluated. RESULTS IKKβ studies based on IMAP-TR-FRET showed that EEA possesses a potent IKKβ inhibitory activity with IC(50) value of 11.83μg/ml. EEA (10, 30μg/ml) also attenuated the LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation/degradation, NF-κB translocation and subsequent NO synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EEA abrogates LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting the IKKβ in RAW 264.7 cells and these properties may provide a molecular basis for understanding the inhibitory effects of EEA on LPS-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Koo Oh
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 100, Jangdong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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Ding XP, Wang XT, Chen LL, Xu T, Yu BY. Development of a Special Two-Dimensional Fingerprint for the Quality Evaluation ofEuonymus Alatuby HPLC with Diode Array Detector Coupled with Chemiluminescence Detection. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.500766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hussein MA. Anti-obesity, antiatherogenic, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of J. montana ethanolic formulation in obese diabetic rats fed high-fat diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/ax.2011.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Seo DJ, Kim JM, Kim TH, Baek JM, Kim TW, Kim HS, Choe M. Anti-Obesity Effects of Foeniculum fructus Water Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.11.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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