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Ren X, Chen H, Wang H, Wang Y, Huang C, Pan H. Advances in the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Nelumbo nucifera gaertn. Extract nuciferine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118262. [PMID: 38670406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Are recorded in the earliest written documentation of traditional Chinese medicinal as "Ben Cao Gang Mu", a medicinal herb for blood clotting, dysentery and dizziness. Nuciferine, one of N. nucifera Gaertn. leaf extracts, has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties, including but not limited to ameliorating hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion, inducing vasodilation, reducing blood pressure, and demonstrating anti-arrhythmic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY In light of the latest research findings on nuciferine, this article provides a comprehensive overview of its chemical properties, pharmacological activities, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. It aims to serve as a dependable reference for further investigations into the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of nuciferine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Use Google Scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science and other online database search to collect the literature on extraction, separation, structural analysis and pharmacological activity of nuciferine published before November 2023. The key words are "extraction", "isolation", "purification" and "pharmacological action" and "nuciferine". RESULTS Nuciferine has been widely used in the treatment of ameliorating hyperlipidemia and lose weight, Nuciferine is a monomeric aporphine alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the plant Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nuciferine has pharmacological activities such as relaxing smooth muscles, improving hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion, vasodilation, inducing hypotension, antiarrhythmic effects, and antimicrobial and anti-HIV activities. These pharmacological properties lay a foundation for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, hyperglycemia, lipid-lowering and weight-loss, oxidative stress and other diseases with nuciferine. CONCLUSION Nuciferine has been clinically used to treat hyperlipidemia and aid in weight loss due to its effects on lipid levels, insulin secretion, vasodilation, blood pressure reduction, anti-tumor properties, and immune enhancement. However, other potential benefits of nuciferine have not yet been fully explored in clinical practice. Future research should delve deeper into its molecular structure, toxicity, side effects, and clinical pharmacology to uncover its full range of effects and pave the way for its safe and expanded clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshui Ren
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- The Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
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Woyessa AM, Bultum LE, Lee D. Designing combinational herbal drugs based on target space analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 38693521 PMCID: PMC11064244 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional oriental medicines (TOMs) are a medical practice that follows different philosophies to pharmaceutical drugs and they have been in use for many years in different parts of the world. In this study, by integrating TOM formula and pharmaceutical drugs, we performed target space analysis between TOM formula target space and small-molecule drug target space. To do so, we manually curated 46 TOM formulas that are known to treat Anxiety, Diabetes mellitus, Epilepsy, Hypertension, Obesity, and Schizophrenia. Then, we employed Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties such as human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition, Carcinogenicity, and AMES toxicity to filter out potentially toxic herbal ingredients. The target space analysis was performed between TOM formula and small-molecule drugs: (i) both are known to treat the same disease, and (ii) each known to treat different diseases. Statistical significance of the overlapped target space between the TOM formula and small-molecule drugs was measured using support value. Support value distribution from randomly selected target space was calculated to validate the result. Furthermore, the Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) formula and published literature were also used to evaluate our results. RESULT This study tried to provide scientific evidence about the effectiveness of the TOM formula to treat the main indication with side effects that could come from the use of small-molecule drugs. The target space analysis between TOM formula and small-molecule drugs in which both are known to treat the same disease shows that many targets overlapped between the two medications with a support value of 0.84 and weighted average support of 0.72 for a TOM formula known to treat Epilepsy. Furthermore, support value distribution from randomly selected target spaces in this analysis showed that the number of overlapped targets is much higher between TOM formula and small-molecule drugs that are known to treat the same disease than in randomly selected target spaces. Moreover, scientific literature was also used to evaluate the medicinal efficacy of individual herbs. CONCLUSION This study provides an evidence to the effectiveness of a TOM formula to treat the main indication as well as side effects associated with the use of pharmaceutical drugs, as demonstrated through target space analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Mussa Woyessa
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Lemessa Etana Bultum
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Sahu B, Sahu M, Sahu M, Yadav M, Sahu R, Sahu C. An Updated Review on Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value and Pharmacological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301493. [PMID: 38327030 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn is a recognised herbal plant in ancient medical sciences. Each portion of the plant leaf, flower, seed and rhizome is utilised for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The chemical compositions like phenol, alkaloids, glycoside, terpenoids and steroids have been isolated. The plant contains various nutritional values like lipids, proteins, amino acids, minerals, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. Traditional medicine confirms that the phytochemicals of plants give significant benefits to the treatment of various diseases such as leukoderma, smallpox, dysentery, haematemesis, coughing, haemorrhage, metrorrhagia, haematuria, fever, hyperlipidaemia, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. To verify the traditional claims, researchers have conducted scientific biological in vivo and in vitro screenings, which have exhibited that the plant keeps various notable pharmacological activities such as anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. This review, summaries the nutritional composition, chemical constituents and biological activities substantiated by the researchers done in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sahu
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Mahendra Sahu
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Mukesh Sahu
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Megha Yadav
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Rakesh Sahu
- Sanjivani Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 497101, India
| | - Chandana Sahu
- Columbia College of Nursing, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
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Chand S, Dikkatwar MS, Varghese TP, Singh R, Sah SK, Sutar AS, Biswas J, Shandily S. Potential therapies for obesity management: Exploring novel frontiers. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102382. [PMID: 38184131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Humans are becoming less active in the current age of technological advancement, which leads to poor health. Many factors, including unregulated diet, lack of exercise, environmental pollution and genetic factors are contributing to an increase in overweight. Obesity is a chronic condition that disturbs the physical health of a person, resulting in various other complications including cardiac, respiratory, and psychosocial issues. According to WHO, the current trend of obesity has shown a sharp increase in recent years. Methods ranging from as simple as regulating the diet to as complex as surgery are available. There are many approved drugs to treat the obesity majority of them works as suppressing the appetite and making the patient satisfy. Some of other agents works by insulinotropic activity. However, these agents need to be taken for longer period of time thus are associated with significant adverse drug reactions. Thus, the motive of this study is to understand obesity and the various methods available to manage it using the recent pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Manoj S Dikkatwar
- DY Patil University School of Pharmacy, DY Patil (Deemed to be University), Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400706, India.
| | - Treesa P Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre (Yenepoya deemed to be University), Naringana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rohit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Abhijeet S Sutar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Jeetu Biswas
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India.
| | - Shrishti Shandily
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India.
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang H, He S, Feng Q, Liu Z, Xia S, Zhou Q, Wu Z, Zhang Y. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): a multidisciplinary review of its cultural, ecological, and nutraceutical significance. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38647851 PMCID: PMC10991372 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera, elucidating its ecological, nutritional, medicinal, and biomimetic significance. Renowned both culturally and scientifically, Nelumbo nucifera manifests remarkable adaptability, characterized by its extensive distribution across varied climatic regions, underpinned by its robust rhizome system and prolific reproductive strategies. Ecologically, this species plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, primarily through biofiltration, thereby enhancing habitat biodiversity. The rhizomes and seeds of Nelumbo nucifera are nutritionally significant, being rich sources of dietary fiber, essential vitamins, and minerals, and have found extensive culinary applications. From a medicinal perspective, diverse constituents of Nelumbo nucifera exhibit therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Recent advancements in preservation technology and culinary innovation have further underscored its role in the food industry, highlighting its nutritional versatility. In biomimetics, the unique "lotus effect" is leveraged for the development of self-cleaning materials. Additionally, the transformation of Nelumbo nucifera into biochar is being explored for its potential in sustainable environmental practices. This review emphasizes the critical need for targeted conservation strategies to protect Nelumbo nucifera against the threats posed by climate change and habitat loss, advocating for its sustainable utilization as a species of significant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Simai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Qi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Recent advances on bioactive compounds, biosynthesis mechanism, and physiological functions of Nelumbo nucifera. Food Chem 2023; 412:135581. [PMID: 36731239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, commonly known as lotus, is a genus comprising perennial and rhizomatous aquatic plants, found throughout Asia and Australia. This review aimed to cover the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids in plants and their types in different parts of lotus. This review also examined the physiological functions of bioactive compounds in lotus and the extracts from different organs of the lotus plant. The structures and identities of flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids in different parts of lotus as well as their biosynthesis were illustrated and updated. In the traditional medicine systems and previous scientific studies, bioactive compounds and the extracts of lotus have been applied for treating inflammation, cancer, liver disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. We suggest future studies to be focused on standardization of the extract of lotus, and their pharmacological mechanisms as drugs or functional foods. This review is important for the lotus-based food processing and application.
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Shaik Mohamed Sayed UF, Moshawih S, Goh HP, Kifli N, Gupta G, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Hermansyah A, Ser HL, Ming LC, Goh BH. Natural products as novel anti-obesity agents: insights into mechanisms of action and potential for therapeutic management. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1182937. [PMID: 37408757 PMCID: PMC10318930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than 10% of the adult population globally. Despite the introduction of diverse medications aimed at combating fat accumulation and obesity, a significant number of these pharmaceutical interventions are linked to substantial occurrences of severe adverse events, occasionally leading to their withdrawal from the market. Natural products serve as attractive sources for anti-obesity agents as many of them can alter the host metabolic processes and maintain glucose homeostasis via metabolic and thermogenic stimulation, appetite regulation, pancreatic lipase and amylase inhibition, insulin sensitivity enhancing, adipogenesis inhibition and adipocyte apoptosis induction. In this review, we shed light on the biological processes that control energy balance and thermogenesis as well as metabolic pathways in white adipose tissue browning, we also highlight the anti-obesity potential of natural products with their mechanism of action. Based on previous findings, the crucial proteins and molecular pathways involved in adipose tissue browning and lipolysis induction are uncoupling protein-1, PR domain containing 16, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in addition to Sirtuin-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Given that some phytochemicals can also lower proinflammatory substances like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 secreted from adipose tissue and change the production of adipokines like leptin and adiponectin, which are important regulators of body weight, natural products represent a treasure trove for anti-obesity agents. In conclusion, conducting comprehensive research on natural products holds the potential to accelerate the development of an improved obesity management strategy characterized by heightened efficacy and reduced incidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu C, Yang Q, Lin H, Cao L, Wang K, Sui J. Biopanning, Heterologous Expression, and Characterization of a Shark-Derived Single-Domain Antibody Fusion Protein against Pancreatic Lipase. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37257170 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity severely impacts human health and is the fifth leading risk factor that leads to death globally. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors have attracted extensive attention owing to their role in effective prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, a shark-derived single-domain antibody fusion protein was used to inhibit PL for the first time. After biopanning, the heterologous expression system pET28a-SUMO-D2 was constructed using the method of double restriction enzyme digestion and T4 ligase to achieve the soluble expression of the PL-specific antibody gene D2. According to the calculation of protein concentration, the final expression of fusion protein PL-D2S was 1.183 mg per liter of Luria Bertani broth. The binding ability of the soluble fusion protein PL-D2S to PL was identified. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the fusion protein PL-D2S exhibited a strong binding affinity to PL. The experimental results of PL inhibition of PL-D2S in vitro showed that the fusion protein could significantly inhibit the activity of PL, with an IC50 of 404 μg/mL. Our study shows that the fusion protein PL-D2S is a potential PL inhibitor to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, #1399 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
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Li F, Zhao X, Xie F, Wang Z, Ding H, Wang W, Jiao R, Pan Y, Kong L. Nuciferine blocks MIB2-mediated CARD6 polyubiquitination and degradation in the amelioration of high fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation. Food Funct 2023; 14:4706-4721. [PMID: 37186242 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dietary alkaloid nuciferine isolated from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera can ameliorate dyslipidemia and liver lipid accumulation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Caspase recruitment domain protein family member 6 (CARD6) is suggested to play an important role in metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role and the upstream regulator of CARD6 in high fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation and whether and how the anti-lipid accumulation effect of nuciferine was related to CARD6. Herein, we found that high fructose decreased CARD6 expression and increased ASK1 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation in rat livers and hepatocytes, which were attenuated by nuciferine. Furthermore, after the transfection with HA-CARD6, CARD6 siRNA and MIB2 siRNA, the data showed that CARD6 overexpression blocked high fructose-induced upregulation of ASK1 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation as well as lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. CARD6 siRNA reversed the amelioration of nuciferine to high fructose-induced upregulation of ASK1 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation in hepatocyte lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, high fructose upregulated MIB2 expression by interacting with CARD6 and promoting K48-linked CARD6 polyubiquitination and degradation in high fructose-stimulated hepatocytes which were explored by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. However, MIB2 siRNA reversed high fructose-induced downregulation of CARD6 and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Notably, nuciferine reduced MIB2 expression and thus decreased K48-linked CARD6 polyubiquitination and degradation in the amelioration of high fructose-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. These results suggested that nuciferine exhibited a protective effect against high fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation through blocking MIB2-mediated CARD6 polyubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Fengyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Ruiqing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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On-nom N, Thangsiri S, Inthachat W, Temviriyanukul P, Sahasakul Y, Chupeerach C, Pruesapan K, Trisonthi P, Siriwan D, Suttisansanee U. Seasonal Effects on Phenolic Contents and In Vitro Health-Promoting Bioactivities of Sacred Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1441. [PMID: 37050065 PMCID: PMC10097295 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a commercial product in Asian countries. Almost all parts of the lotus plant are consumed as food or used as traditional medicine due to their high contents of secondary metabolites such as phenolics and alkaloids. However, agricultural management of the sacred lotus occurs during the rainy season, and the plant enters a resting stage during the dry season. Thus, seasonal variation (beginning, middle and end of the rainy season) was investigated for total phenolic contents (TPCs), antioxidant capacities and inhibitions of the key enzymes relevant to chronic diseases including Alzheimer's disease (β-secretase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase), hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme), obesity (lipase) and diabetes (α-glucosidase) of different sacred lotus parts (seed embryo, petal, stamen, old leaf, leaf stalk and flower stalk). Results indicated that an aqueous extract of stamen in all harvesting seasons exhibited potentially high TPCs, which led to high antioxidant activities and most enzyme inhibitions (up to 53.7-fold higher) than the others collected in the same harvesting period. The phenolic content and biochemical activities in stamen harvested at the beginning of the rainy season were up to 4-fold higher than during other harvesting periods. This information benefits the agricultural management of sacred lotus and supports consumption of different sacred lotus parts for health promotion. Results can be used as an initial database for future product development from different sacred lotus parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattira On-nom
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chaowanee Chupeerach
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Pruesapan
- Plant Varieties Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piyapat Trisonthi
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Dalad Siriwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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12
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Li J, Zhao C, Liu M, Chen L, Zhu Y, Gao W, Du X, Song Y, Li X, Liu G, Lei L, Feng H. Nuciferine Ameliorates Nonesterified Fatty Acid-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lipid Accumulation, Apoptosis, and Impaired Migration via Activating LKB1/AMPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:443-456. [PMID: 36573646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) provoke various metabolic disorders and are associated with mammary tissue injury and decreased milk production in dairy cows. Nuciferine, an alkaloid found in Nelumbo nucifera leaves, has great potential for correcting lipid metabolism derangements and lipotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the lipotoxicity induced by excessive NEFA in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and investigated whether nuciferine alleviates NEFA-induced lipotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that excessive NEFA (1.2 and 2.4 mM) induced lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and migration ability impairment in bMECs, whereas nuciferine could ameliorate these disarrangements, as indicated by decreasing triglyceride content, protein abundance of SREBP-1c, cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 and increasing protein abundance of PPARα and migration ability. Moreover, nuciferine could reverse NEFA-induced LKB1/AMPK signaling inhibition, and the protective effect of nuciferine on lipotoxicity caused by NEFA was abrogated by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Furthermore, transfection with LKB1 siRNA (si-LKB1) largely abolished the activation effect of nuciferine on AMPK. Overall, nuciferine can protect bMECs from excessive NEFA-induced lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and impaired migration by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Linfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
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13
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Zheng H, Han L, Shi W, Fang X, Hong Y, Cao Y. Research Advances in Lotus Leaf as Chinese Dietary Herbal Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1423-1445. [PMID: 35770727 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus leaf (Heye), the dry foliage of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has been valuable as a dietary herbal medicine for thousands of years. Phytochemical studies indicated that alkaloids and flavonoids are the main components of Heye. Polysaccharides, terpenes, and amino acids are also active ingredients. The drug properties of Heye are mild and bitter. Meridian tropism is mainly distributed in the liver, spleen, and stomach meridian. In the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theoretical system, it is in many formulas for the therapy of various symptoms, including wasting-thirst induced by summer heat, diarrhea caused by summer heat-dampness and spleen deficiency, hematochezia, flooding and spotting, among others. Nowadays, the extracts and active components of Heye demonstrate multiple bioactivities, for instance anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular protective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiviral, antimicrobial, as well as hemostatic activities. This review will provide an overview of Heye serving as a typical plant with functions of both medicine and food, including its practical applications in terms of TCM and healthy diet, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, together with its toxicity. Besides, the new points and prospects of Heye in the overview are also outlined straightforwardly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
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Shao J, Li C, Bai L, Ni X, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhao H. Recent evidence in support of traditional chinese medicine to restore normal leptin function in simple obesity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09482. [PMID: 35620623 PMCID: PMC9127329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Litao Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6852276. [PMID: 35388304 PMCID: PMC8977300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6852276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and over bodyweight is emerging as a major health concern. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with multiple pathophysiological clinical conditions as comorbidities are associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, some cancers, and inflammation-based clinical conditions. In obese individuals, adipocyte cells increased the expression of leptin, angiotensin, adipocytokines, plasminogen activators, and C-reactive protein. Currently, options for treatment and lifestyle behaviors interventions are limited, and keeping a healthy lifestyle is challenging. Various types of phytochemicals have been investigated for antiobesity potential. Here, we discuss pathophysiology and signaling pathways in obesity, epigenetic regulations, regulatory mechanism, functional ingredients in natural antiobesity products, and therapeutic application of phytochemicals in obesity.
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16
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Cho WK, Yang HJ, Ma JY. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf water extracts suppress influenza a viral infection via inhibition of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051713. [PMID: 35268815 PMCID: PMC8911649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most demanding health problems today, and their prevalence, as well as comorbidities, is on the rise all over the world. As time goes on, both are becoming big issues that have a big impact on people’s lives. Diabetes is a metabolic and endocrine illness set apart by hyperglycemia and glucose narrow-mindedness because of insulin opposition. Heftiness is a typical, complex, and developing overall wellbeing worry that has for quite some time been connected to significant medical issues in individuals, all things considered. Because of the wide variety and low adverse effects, herbal products are an important hotspot for drug development. Synthetic compounds are not structurally diverse and lack drug-likeness properties. Thus, it is basic to keep on exploring herbal products as possible wellsprings of novel drugs. We conducted this review of the literature by searching Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. From 1990 until October 2021, research reports, review articles, and original research articles in English are presented. It provides top to bottom data and an examination of plant-inferred compounds that might be utilized against heftiness or potentially hostile to diabetes treatments. Our expanded comprehension of the systems of activity of phytogenic compounds, as an extra examination, could prompt the advancement of remedial methodologies for metabolic diseases. In clinical trials, a huge number of these food kinds or restorative plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of obesity.
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18
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Investigation of the kinetic properties of Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl. extracts for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Irudayaraj SS, Jincy J, Sunil C, Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S, Chandramohan G, Packiam SM. Antidiabetic with antilipidemic and antioxidant effects of flindersine by enhanced glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ agonism in type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114883. [PMID: 34861363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have been used by the people of developing countries to treat various diseases. WHO also recommends the use of medicines from plants source. In that, diabetes also one of the diseases that have been treated traditionally by several people all over the world. In India, Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae) is also a medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes in Ayurveda. Moreover, T. asiatica is also used in a polyherbal formulation to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study examined the antidiabetic with antilipidemic and antioxidant effects of flindersine isolated from T. asiatica leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 days and injecting a single dose of 40 mg/kg b. wt. of Streptozotocin (STZ). Five days post-injection, the grouped diabetic rats were treated with 20 and 40 mg/kg of flindersine. RESULTS Flindersine resulted in a clear decline of blood glucose levels during 28 days of treatment in two different doses. Flindersine also significantly (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.005) reduced the body weight gain, plasma insulin concentration, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) levels and significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.005) the total protein level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities compared to the standard drug, pioglitazone. Additionally, flindersine restored the glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4), adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expressions in adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. CONCLUSION It has been found that flindersine has potent antilipidemic and antidiabetic activities by improving insulin sensitivity by enhancing the phosphorylation of AMPK, GLUT4 translocation, and PPARγ agonism on adipose tissue and skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiagu Stephen Irudayaraj
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India; St. Xavier's College, Maharo, Dumka, 814110, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jacob Jincy
- Hillside College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Bangalore, 560062, India
| | - Christudas Sunil
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India.
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India.
| | | | - Govindasamy Chandramohan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences,King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soosaimanickam Maria Packiam
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India; Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034, India
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20
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Sriraksa N, Kongsui R, Thongrong S. Lotus essential oil improves neurite elongation and facilitates functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:30. [PMID: 35251617 PMCID: PMC8889531 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the peripheral nerve may lead to deficits in nerve function. An increase in the levels of free radicals plays a role in inhibition of nerve regeneration following damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus essential oil (LEO) on neurite outgrowth in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the principal constituent of LEO was palmitic acid ethyl ester (25.12%). The radical scavenging activity of LEO was evaluated using the DPPH method, and was determined to be IC50=29.01±2.93 µg/ml. LEO-treated sensory neurons exhibited increased neurite outgrowth and upregulated levels of phospho-ERK. Sensory and motor functions were improved in rats treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg LEO, and this was accompanied by an increase in the number of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, as well as an increase in the nerve axon diameters following nerve injury. Taken together, these results suggests that LEO may serve as a novel pharmacological option for the management of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napatr Sriraksa
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Amphur Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Amphur Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sitthisak Thongrong
- The Unit of Excellence in Translational Neurosciences Initiative, University of Phayao, Amphur Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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21
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Effects of Green Apple (Golden Delicious) and Its Three Major Flavonols Consumption on Obesity, Lipids, and Oxidative Stress in Obese Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041243. [PMID: 35209038 PMCID: PMC8877779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming increasingly common all over the world and global strategies are accordingly being developed to prevent it. In order to support the strategies, the effects of green apple (Golden Delicious) and the consumption of its three major flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-D-galactoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) on body weight; the weight of liver, kidney, and spleen; some lipid parameters in serum; and total lipid ratios of liver and kidney and oxidative stress parameters of obese rats were studied. This study was conducted on two experimental groups: one of which was given an apple, and the other was given flavonols, in addition to their high-energy diet; along with a sham and a control rat group, for 4 weeks. According to results, there was no difference in body and organ weights between groups. The liver and kidney weights increased in obese rats, but there was no difference between the total lipid ratios in these organs. The addition of green apple and selected flavonols to the high-energy diet of rats was not sufficient to prevent the increase in body and organ weights, but it supported the reduction in some lipid fractions and in oxidative stress parameters of obese rats. Moreover, this study supported the argument that obesity causes most of the lipid fractions increase in serum and induces oxidative stress.
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22
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Guillemet D, Belles C, Gomes A, Azalbert V, André M, Faresse N, Burcelin R, Lagarde JM, Lacasa D, Kéophiphath M. Screening for anti-adipogenic, pro-lipolytic and thermogenic plant extracts by models associating intestinal epithelial cells with human adipose cells. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2201-2215. [PMID: 35092460 PMCID: PMC9106611 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Excessive fat mass accumulation in obesity leads to diverse metabolic disorders, increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and in some cases, mortality. The aim of this study was to screen the actions of botanical extracts intended for oral use on human adipose tissue, using an in vitro screening model combining human intestinal cells with human adipose cells. This was to find the most effective extracts on lipid accumulation, UCP1 expression and ATP production in pre-adipocytes and on adipocyte lipolysis. Methods In this study, 25 individual plant extracts were screened for their effects on human adipose cells. Consequently, an original in vitro model was set up using the Caco-2 cell line, to mimic the intestinal passage of the extracts and then exposing human adipose cells to them. The biological actions of extracts were thus characterized, and compared with a coffee extract standard. The most effective extracts, and their combinations, were retained for their actions on lipid accumulation, the expression of the thermogenic effector UCP1 and ATP production in pre-adipocytes as well as on lipolysis activity of mature adipocytes. Results The biphasic culture system combining human Caco-2 cells with human adipose cells was verified as functional using the green coffee extract standard. Out of the 25 plant extracts studied, only 7 and their combinations were retained due to their potent effects on adipose cells biology. The data showed that compared to the coffee extract standard, Immortelle, Catechu, Carrot and Rose hip extracts were the most effective in reducing lipid accumulation and increased UCP1 expression in human pre-adipocytes. Conclusion This study reveals the potential inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation and thermogenic activity of Immortelle, Catechu, Carrot and Rose hip extracts, and for the first time synergies in their combinations, using an in vitro model mimicking as closely as possible, human intestinal passage linked to adipose cells. These findings need to be confirmed by in vivo trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02794-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloé Belles
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Gomes
- Centre Pierre Potier, Imactiv 3D, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1 avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde André
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Nourdine Faresse
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1 avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lagarde
- Centre Pierre Potier, Imactiv 3D, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Danièle Lacasa
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Mayoura Kéophiphath
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France.
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Li C, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Lin T, Jiang Y, Liu B. A triple combination strategy of UHPLC-MS n, hypolipidemic activity and transcriptome sequencing to unveil the hypolipidemic mechanism of Nelumbo nucifera alkaloids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114608. [PMID: 34517059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera (N. nucifera), a kind of edible Chinese herbal, has been studied in treating hyperlipidemia. However, the hypolipidemic mechanism of N. nucifera remains unknown. Aims of this review: We aimed to screen the effective constituent of N. nucifera alkaloids and elucidated the potential mechanism for treating hyperlipidemia. A triple combination strategy of UHPLC-MSn, hypolipidemic activity and transcriptome sequencing was built to unveil the hypolipidemic mechanism of Nelumbo nucifera alkaloid. MATERIALS AND METHODS We comprehensively investigated the characterization of N. nucifera alkaloids by using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn. And the hypolipidemic activity of candidate active ingredients were evaluated on sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cell. Finally, O-nornuciferine and N. nucifera alkaloid extraction were analyzed by RNA sequence (RNA-seq) to decipher the underlying hypolipidemic mechanism and were verified by qRT-PCR. RESULTS 35 compounds were identified from N. nucifera alkaloid extraction by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn. Among them, O-nornuciferine and N. nucifera alkaloid extraction which showed significant hypolipidemic activity were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. After the intervention of O-nornuciferine and N. nucifera alkaloid extraction, 1 and 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, severally. The enrichment analysis indicated that the hypolipidemic effect was adjusted by the expression of numerous key DEGs involved in bile secretion, glycerolipid and sphingolipid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS O-nornuciferine and N. nucifera alkaloids had exibited significant effects in hyperlipidemia. The candidate genes were LDLR, LPL and ANGPTL4, etc. It was most likely that they adjusted lipid metabolism by modulating expression levels of various key factors which were involved in bile secretion, glycerolipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway, and so on. This study clarified the hypolipidemic mechanism of the alkaloids in N. nucifera, and laid a foundation for the subsequent development of clinical application and better quality of N. nucifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Caixia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhenxiao Sun
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tianfeng Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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REN G, YANG D. Antioxidant activity of different extracts of lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) rhizome by gradient solvent extraction. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang H, Chen G, Zhang Y, Yang M, Chen J, Guo M. Potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory bioactive components in Nelumbo nucifera leaves explored by bioaffinity ultrafiltration with multiple targets. Food Chem 2021; 375:131856. [PMID: 34942503 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (N. nucifera) has been widely used as the main ingredient in lipid-lowering herbal teas and some prescriptions in China due to their excellent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, the active components responsible for these beneficial properties and their mechanisms remain unexplored. In this work, the N. nucifera leaf extracts significantly promoted the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, and also exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and COX-2. Furthermore, the top four potential active compounds (N-nornuciferine, Nuciferine, 2-Hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside) targeting the above three enzymes were screened out by bioaffinity ultrafiltration with multiple targets coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. The enzyme inhibitory activities of candidate compounds were verified by enzyme inhibition assay and molecular docking. In addition, molecular docking revealed the binding information between the candidate molecules and enzymes. The current study provided valuable information in discovering functional active ingredients from complex medicinal plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang S, Zhang H, Xu W. Evaluation of green and efficient deep eutectic solvents as media for extracting alkaloids from lotus leaf. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5293. [PMID: 34873711 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were applied as eco-friendly solvents in this study for the extraction of alkaloids from lotus leaf, including O-nornuciferine, N-nornuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine. A series of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DESs with different hydrogen bond donors and a acceptors were synthesized and screened for a suitable DESs for extraction of alkaloids from lotus leaf. The study results showed that the hydrophilic DES with choline chloride and propanediol had the highest extraction yield. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency-choline chloride-propanediol ratio, water content in deep eutectic solvents, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time-were investigated via a single-factor experiment. The optimized extraction conditions were 30% of water in choline chloride-propanediol (1:4) for heated extraction for 30 min and solid-liquid ratio 1:100 g/ml. Under optimum conditions, the extraction yields of O-nornuciferine, N-nornuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine were 0.069, 0.152, 0.334 and 0.041 g/100 g respectively, which were higher than those of methanol in acidified aqueous solution. This study suggests considerable potential for DESs as promising materials for the green and efficient extraction solvents for bioactive alkaloids from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Liu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Bharathi Priya L, Huang CY, Hu RM, Balasubramanian B, Baskaran R. An updated review on pharmacological properties of neferine-A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13986. [PMID: 34779018 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals have recently received a lot of recognition for their pharmacological activities such as anticancer, chemopreventive, and cardioprotective properties. In traditional Indian and Chinese medicine, parts of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) such as lotus seeds, fruits, stamens, and leaves are used for treating various diseases. Neferine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, a major component from the seed embryos of N. nucifera. Neferine is effective in the treatment of high fevers and hyposomnia, as well as arrhythmia, platelet aggregation, occlusion, and obesity. Neferine has been found to have a variety of therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-platelet, anti-thrombotic, anti-amnesic, and negative inotropic. Neferine also exhibited anti-anxiety effects, anti-cancerous, and chemosensitize to other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, cisplatin, and taxol. Induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest are the key pathways that underlying the anticancer activity of neferine. Therefore, the present review summarizes the neferine biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and its effects in myocardium, cancer, chemosensitizing to cancer drug, central nervous system, diabetes, inflammation, and kidney diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Natural phytochemical is gaining medicinal importance for a variety of diseases like including cancer, neurodegenerative disorder, diabetes, and inflammation. Alkaloids and flavonoids, which are abundantly present in Nelumbo nucifera have many therapeutic applications. Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from N. nucifera has many pharmacological properties. This present review was an attempt to compile an updated pharmacological action of neferine in different disease models in vitro and in vivo, as well as to summarize all the collective evidence on the therapeutic potential of neferine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Centre of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rouh-Mei Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhao Y, Nian L, Wang M, Yang Z. Effect of nanocomposite‐based packaging on inhibiting respiratory and energy metabolism in storage of lotus root. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Blue Shield Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Nanjing China
| | - Linyu Nian
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
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Li Q, Li X, Zheng B, Zhao C. The optimization of ultrasonic-microwave assisted synergistic extraction of Lotus plumule extract rich in flavonoids and its hypoglycemic activity. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), a kind of perennial aquatic plant, is widely cultivated and consumed by people in Asian countries. Lotus plumule flavonoids (LPF) have been recognized as a hypoglycemic agent. LPF was optimally obtained using novel ultrasonic-microwave assisted synergistic extraction (UMSE) method by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of the results of single-factor experiments. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic activity of LPF was investigated by measuring the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and analyzing the physiological indexes in streptozotocin-diabetic mice model. The optimum extraction conditions consisted of microwave power 355 W, ultrasonic power 423 W, extraction time 15 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:40, ultrasound/interval time 1/0, and ethanol concentration 70% with the maximum LPF yield of 2.62%. LPF supplementation significantly decreased the body weight, FBG, OGTT, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum total triglycerides (TG), and insulin levels, indicating the antidiabetic activity of LPF. This research verified that the UMSE technique was highly efficient to extract LPF to the maximum extent and the flavonoids from L. plumule exhibited hypoglycemic activity, which showed broad development and application prospects.
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31
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Wang Z, Cheng Y, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, He Z. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf: A narrative review of its Phytoconstituents, health benefits and food industry applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Patil R, Patil S, Maheshwari V, Patil M. Inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of pentacyclic triterpenoid from endophytic Colletotrichum gigasporum against pancreatic lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:270-280. [PMID: 33561462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The burden of obesity is increasing all over the world. Except for Orlistat, no effective anti-obesity drug is currently available. Therefore, a search for the new anti-obesity compound is need of time. This study demonstrates macromolecular interaction and inhibitory effect of pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTT) on pancreatic lipase (PL). In the present study PTTs from endophytic Colletotrichum gigasporum were found to show significant inhibitory activity against PL with IC50 of 16.62 ± 1.43 μg/mL. The PTT isolated through bioassay-guided isolation showed a dose-dependent (R2 = 0.915) inhibition against porcine PL and the results were comparable with the standard (Orlistat). Based on inhibition kinetic data, the gradual increase in Km (app) with increasing PTT concentration indicated that the mode of interaction of PTT with PL was a competitive type, and it directly competed with the substrate (pNPB) for the active site of PL. In vivo studies in Wistar rats at the oral dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of PTT significantly decreased (p < 0.05) incremental plasma triglyceride levels as compared to group B and TG absorption was down-regulated up to 49.18% vis a vis group D animals. The isolated PTT was identified as lupeol based on chromatographic and spectral data. The endophytic isolate was identified as Colletotrichum gigasporum based on morphology and ITS gene sequencing. The present study indicated that PTT had the potential to be used as a natural PL inhibitor in the treatment of obesity and the isolated endophyte can be a valuable bioresource for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425405, MS, India
| | - Samadhan Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425405, MS, India
| | - Vijay Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, MS, India
| | - Mohini Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425405, MS, India.
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Shi Z, Fang ZY, Gao XX, Yu H, Zhu YW, Ouyang HL, Song YX, Du XL, Wang Z, Li XW, Liu GW. Nuciferine improves high-fat diet-induced obesity via reducing intestinal permeability by increasing autophagy and remodeling the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:5850-5861. [PMID: 34018523 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine (NF) has received extensive attention due to its medicinal value in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity; however, to date, the effects of NF on obesity-related intestinal permeability, autophagy and the gut microbiota have not been investigated. Herein, C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without NF for 8 weeks. The results showed that NF supplement reduced weight gain, fat accumulation and intestinal permeability in the HFD mice accompanied by improved autophagy. Subsequently, an in vitro experiment was performed using Caco-2 and HT-29 cells, which showed that NF supplement not only promoted the formation of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes, but also alleviated LPS-increased intestinal permeability. Importantly, NF supplement protected from LPS-induced paracellular permeability impairment after the administration of autophagy-related gene (Atg) 5 small-interfering RNA (siRNA). These results demonstrate that NF exerts beneficial effects on the intestinal permeability by improving autophagy. Furthermore, we also found that NF supplement lowered the abundance of Butyricimonas and increased the abundance of Akkermansia, an anti-obesity bacterium. Thus, overall, we demonstrated that NF supplement confers reduced intestinal permeability by improving autophagy and alters the composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice, thereby producing an anti-obesity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Xin-Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Hui-Lin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Xi-Liang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Guo-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
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Hwang SB, Lee BH. Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Nelumbinis Semen Powder in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3576. [PMID: 33266423 PMCID: PMC7700195 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbinis Semen (NS, the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera) extract is a traditional Korean medicine with anti-oxidant activity. The present study examined the anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects of NS powder in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Mice (n = 8/group) were fed a normal diet (CON), HFD, HFD containing 5% NS powder (HFD-NS5%), or HFD containing 10% NS powder (HFD-NS10%) for 12 weeks. Food intake was relatively higher in groups HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10%, while the food efficiency ratio was highest in group HFD (p < 0.05). HFD-NS5% reduced the body weight (-39.1%) and fat weight (-26.6%), including epididymal fat and perirenal fat, and lowered the serum triglyceride levels (-20.6%) compared with HFD. Groups HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% showed hepatoprotective properties, reducing the serum ALT levels (p < 0.05) and fat globules (size and number) in the liver compared with group HFD. HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% regulated the blood glucose, improved the glucose intolerance, and showed a 12.5% and 15.0% reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and a 26.8% and 47.3% improvement in homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively, compared with HFD (p < 0.05). Regarding the expressions of genes related to anti-obesity and antidiabetes, there was a 1.7- and 1.3-fold increase in PPAR-α protein expression, 1.4- and 1.6-fold increase in PPAR-γ protein expression, and 0.7- and 0.6-fold decrease in TNF-α protein expression, respectively, following HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% treatments, compared with HFD, and GLUT4 protein expression increased relative to CON (p < 0.05). These results comprehensively provide the fundamental data for NS powder's functional and health-promoting benefits associated with anti-obesity and antidiabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bog-Hieu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea;
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Lotus Root and Linoleic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110293. [PMID: 33228085 PMCID: PMC7699317 DOI: 10.3390/life10110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the innate immune system. However, aberrant inflammatory responses lead to various diseases. Lotus root, the edible rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera, is a popular traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. In a previous study, we reported that fermented lotus root (FLR) alleviated ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcers in rats by modulating inflammation-related genes. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of FLR and its major constituent, linoleic acid (LA), are still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of FLR and LA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. We found that FLR inhibited LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators through down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Similarly, LA also attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of proteins associated with NF-κB signaling, such as ERK, JNK, and p38. Overall, our results suggested that FLR and LA may effectively ameliorate inflammatory diseases.
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Anti-Obesity Effects of a Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera Mixture in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113392. [PMID: 33158191 PMCID: PMC7694277 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera are major crops cultivated worldwide. In East Asia, both P. persica flowers and N. nucifera leaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture of P. persica and N. nucifera (HT077) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD containing 0.02% orlistat (positive control), or HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% HT077 for 12 weeks. HT077 significantly reduced final body weights, weight gain, abdominal fat weights, liver weights, and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. HT077 also lowered glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects might be partially attributed to ameliorating adipokine imbalances and regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue.
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Water Extract of Lotus Leaf Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating Protein Metabolism-Related Pathways in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204592. [PMID: 33050143 PMCID: PMC7587191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an abnormal condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and is primarily caused by injury, malnutrition, various diseases, and aging. Leaf of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), which has been used for medicinal purposes, contains various active ingredients, including polyphenols, and is reported to exert an antioxidant effect. In this study, we investigated the effect of water extract of lotus leaf (LL) on muscle atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Amounts of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg/day LL were administered to dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy mice for 4 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis revealed that the intake of LL significantly increased calf muscle volume, surface area, and density in DEX-induced muscle atrophy mice. Administration of LL recovered moving distance, grip strength, ATP production, and body weight, which were decreased by DEX. In addition, muscle damage caused by DEX was also improved by LL. LL reduced the protein catabolic pathway by suppressing gene expression of muscle atrophy F-Box (MAFbx; atrogin-1), muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), and forkhead box O (FoxO)3a, as well as phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). The AKT-mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, which is important for muscle protein synthesis, was increased in LL-administered groups. The HPLC analysis and pharmacological test revealed that quercetin 3-O-beta-glucuronide (Q3G) is a major active component in LL. Thus, Q3G decreased the gene expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and phosphorylation of AMPK. This compound also increased phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its upstream enzyme AKT in DEX-treated C2C12 cells. We identified that LL improves muscle wasting through regulation of muscle protein metabolism in DEX-induced muscle atrophy mice. Q3G is predicted to be one of the major active phenolic components in LL. Therefore, we propose LL as a supplement or therapeutic agent to prevent or treat muscle wasting, such as sarcopenia.
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S Dessoky E, Ismail IA, El-Hallous EI, F Alsanie W. Protective Role of <i>Juniperus phoenicea</i> L. Leaves Extract against Gamma-irradiation-induced Oxidative Stress. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:922-930. [PMID: 32700840 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.922.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Radiation exposure can cause several harmful effects in biological systems due to free radical production. Several antioxidants have been tested as potential hepatoprotective agents against ionizing radiation as they lower oxidative stress in normal cells induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible ameliorative effects of Juniperus phoenicea L. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous leaves extract on different biochemical and histopathological parameters against whole body gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress, organ dysfunction and metabolic disturbances in experimental Swiss Albino rats. After a single dose of gamma-radiation (6 Gy), there was a significant reduction in albumin, total protein and globulin levels and a significant increase in the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT) and lipid profile parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) in gamma-irradiated rats unlike in normal controls. RESULTS The gamma-irradiated rats pre-treated with J. phoenicea leaf extracts, however, showed a significant increase in albumin, total protein and globulin levels and a significant reduction in liver enzymes and lipid profile parameters as opposed to the untreated ones. The gamma-irradiated rats showed toxic changes in the liver, whereas, the rats pre-treated with J. phoenicea leaves extract demonstrated a protective effect. Additionally, gamma- irradiation caused myocardial degenerative changes, interstitial edema between muscle fibers, necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrotic and cellular damages to the heart, but J. phoenicea leaves extract were found to ameliorate the gamma-irradiation-induced changes in the heart. CONCLUSION The results suggested that treatment with J. phoenicea leaves extract is possibly safe and can ameliorate gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative damage and tissue injury in rats. The leaves of J. phoenicea could serve as a potential source of therapeutic antioxidants.
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Jang YS, Kim HY, Zuo G, Lee EH, Kang SK, Lim SS. Constituents from Solidago virgaurea var. gigantea and their inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104683. [PMID: 32634454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-adipogenic activities of compounds isolated from Solidago viraurea var. gigantea (SG) extracts were investigated using Oil Red O staining in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Four known compounds including 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), protocatechuic acid (6), chlorogenic acid (7), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (8), and four undescribed compounds including (1R,2S,3S,5R,7S)-methyl 7-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-5-carboxylate (1), (1R,2S,3S,5R,7S)-methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-7-((((Z)-3-phenylacryloyl)oxy)methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-5-carboxylate (2), (1R,2S,3S,5R,7S)-2,3-dihydroxy-7-((((Z)-3-phenylacryloyl)oxy)methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-5-carboxylic acid (3), and (1R,2S,3S,5R,7S)-7-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-5-carboxylic acid (4) were isolated from S. viraurea var. gigantea. The structures of the compounds were first identified by comparing their 1H NMR spectra with spectral data from the literature and a more detailed identification was then performed using 2D NMR (Correlated spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and nuclear overhauser spectroscopy (NOESY)), and X-ray crystallography analyses. The anti-adipogenic activities of all compounds were evaluated by MTT assay and Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 cells. 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid was found to inhibit lipid accumulation more potently than the other tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Jang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanglei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Kalogianni AI, Lazou T, Bossis I, Gelasakis AI. Natural Phenolic Compounds for the Control of Oxidation, Bacterial Spoilage, and Foodborne Pathogens in Meat. Foods 2020; 9:E794. [PMID: 32560249 PMCID: PMC7353591 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative technologies for long-term preservation, quality assurance, and safety of meat are continuously pursued by the food industry to satisfy the demands of modern consumers for nutritious and healthy meat-based products. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds are considered promising substances by the meat industry for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, while consumers seem to embrace them for their claimed health benefits. Despite the numerous in vitro and in situ studies demonstrating their beneficial effects against meat oxidation, spoilage, and foodborne pathogens, wide application and commercialization has not been yet achieved. Major obstacles are still the scarcity of legislative framework, the large variety of meat-based products and targeted pathogens, the limited number of case-specific application protocols and the questionable universal efficiency of the applied ones. The objectives of the present review are i) to summarize the current knowledge about the applications of naturally occurring phenols in meat and meat-based products, emphasizing the mechanisms, determinants, and spectrum of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; ii) to present state-of-the-art technologies utilized for the application of phenolic compounds in meat systems; and iii) to discuss relevant regulation, limitations, perspectives, and future challenges for their mass industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite I. Kalogianni
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.I.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Thomai Lazou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin—Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.I.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.I.K.); (I.B.)
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Luo S, Lenon GB, Gill H, Yuen H, Yang AWH, Hung A, Nguyen LT. Do the Natural Chemical Compounds Interact with the Same Targets of Current Pharmacotherapy for Weight Management?-A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:399-411. [PMID: 30173643 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180830125958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a worldwide health concern. Pharmacotherapies are now being introduced because lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient for weight management. The treatment outcomes of current approved anti-obesity agents are not satisfying due to drug-related intolerances. And so natural therapies including herbal medicines are popular alternatives for weight reduction; however, there are limited studies about their mechanism of actions. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Proquest) were searched to investigate the targets and safety profiles of the current and past anti-obesity drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as well as the commonly used off-label agents. The targets for weight-loss natural products and their principle bioactive components have also been searched. Only articles in English were included. RESULTS The targets for current anti-obesity single agents include pancreatic lipase, Glucagon Like Peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor, and serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor. Potential targets such as amylin, pancreatic alpha amylase, leptin receptor, melanocortin receptor 4 receptor (MC4R), Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors gamma (PPAR γ), endocannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor and Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) were discussed in various studies. Natural compounds have been found to interact with targets like pancreatic lipase, pancreatic alpha amylase, AMPK and PPAR γ to achieve weight reduction. CONCLUSION Current pharmacotherapies and natural chemical compounds do act on same targets. Further investigations on the interactions between herbal compounds and the above targets are essential for the development of novel weight-loss therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - George Binh Lenon
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Heidi Yuen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Angela Wei Hong Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Linh Toan Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Kim H, Kim JH, Zuo G, Lim SS. Anti-obesity effect of Melandrium firmum Rohrbach extract in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6N mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2251-2261. [PMID: 32405382 PMCID: PMC7215215 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we first investigated the influence of Melandrium firmum Rohrbach (MF) on the accumulation of lipid content in 3T3-L1 cells and in vitro results showed that MF extraction suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner without showing cytotoxicity. Hence, we studied the effects of MF on preventing obesity in C57BL/6N mice. The results showed that MF decreased food efficiency ratio, body weight, epididymal adipose and hepatic tissue weight, hepatic lipid metabolites, and triacylglycerol and cholesterol serum levels, when compared with the high-fat diet group. Moreover, MF significantly inhibited the expression of genes related to adipogenesis, such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and aP2, and those related to lipogenesis, such as SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and CD36 in epididymal adipose and liver tissues. These anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects of MF suggest that it could be used as a food including potential functional ingredient to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Institute of Natural MedicineHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Guanglei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
- Institute of Natural MedicineHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
- Institute of Korean NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
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Hsu LS, Chang CH, Lee YJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera Leaves Prevent NMU-Induced Mammary Tumor through Downregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase, Estrogen Receptor-α and Her2 Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1885-1899. [PMID: 31838869 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diet polyphenol can reportedly prevent the formation of breast-cancer cells. Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract (NLE) is enriched with polyphenols and has several cellular functions, such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and antitumor. In this study, we investigated the role of NLE in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary tumor formation. Cotreatment with NLE significantly reduced the NMU-induced tumor incidence, number, and volume. NLE administration significantly repressed the tumor growth and weight of nude mice upon inoculation with BT-474 cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that fatty acid synthetase, estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and phosphorylated ER-α were obviously reduced in the cancer part of BT-474 inoculated nude mice upon administration of 2% NLE. Western blot analysis revealed that NLE and NLPE (polyphenol-rich NLE) repressed ER-α expression and phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylation of Her-2 without affecting their expression. Overall, NLE and NLPE exhibited more effective antitumor abilities in NMU-induced mammary cancer formation than with tamoxifen and Herceptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang X, Sun F, Fan Y, Liu X, Li H, Deng Z. Hemostatic action of lotus leaf charcoal is probably due to transformation of flavonol aglycons from flavonol glycosides in traditional Chinses medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112364. [PMID: 31678413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (lotus) leaves were empirically carbonized to enhance the hemostatic effect in traditional Chinese medicines. The mechanism of this application remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims at exploring the transformation of phytochemical compounds in lotus leaves after heating and figuring out the phytochemical mechanism of the application of charcoal hemostatic styptics. METHODS AND RESULTS Raw lotus leaves were heated at 150 °C and 220 °C, respectively, and the transformation of the phytochemicals was studied. Flavonol glycosides in raw lotus leaves were found to be degraded to their corresponding aglycons in 150 °C lotus leaf charcoals (LLC) and the subsequent degradation products of aglycons in 220 °C LLC. 150 °C LLC exhibited the most desirable hemostatic effect in mice on reducing both bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) by more than 30% as compared to the untreated group (P < 0.05). The extracts of 150 °C LLC were further separated by using different solvents. Ethyl acetate fraction which contained much flavonol aglycons displayed the most desirable hemostatic effect. On the contrary, petroleum ether fraction contains poor flavonoid and much alkaloid thus prolonged BT and CT. N-butanol extracts which contained only flavonol glycoside failed to shorten CT. In rats, quercetin (aglycon) standard promoted blood coagulation by shortening APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) and increasing fibrinogen (P < 0.05). Hyperoside (glycoside) increased fibrinogen and platelet count (P < 0.05). Nuciferine was shown to prolong APTT and TT (thrombin time) and decrease fibrinogen (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Degradation of flavonoids and alkaloids in lotus leaves was suggested to enhance the hemostatic effect of LLC. Flavonol aglycons were found to be more effective on blood clotting compared with their corresponding glycosides. Nuciferine, a typical alkaloid in lotus leaves which was degraded in LLC showed anticoagulation effect in rats. The content of flavonoid aglycon can be regarded as a criterion to qualify LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yawei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Sharma C, Chauhan S, Gupta S, Devi A, Nair A. Role of Whole Plant Extract of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn in the Treatment of Thrombolysis. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 17:115-124. [PMID: 31622211 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666191016110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to find out the components responsible for the antithrombotic activity of Nelumbo nucifera. MATERIAL AND METHODS Petroleum ether, chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts of whole plant of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) were prepared and assessed for its thrombolytic, anti-platelet aggregation activity and bleeding time. The extracts were further analyzed through HPTLC and GC-MS. Statistical analysis was conducted through ANOVA trailed by Tukey's multiple comparison test test. RESULTS Hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest activity at the concentration of 400µg/ml in thrombolytic assay (42.03 ± 5.76), anti-platelet aggregation assay (57.93 ± 1.68) and bleeding time (70.17 ± 2.16) in comparison to clopodigrel (33.76 ± 3.43), aspirin (66.55 ± 1.86) and aspirin (93.85 ± 2.75) at the concentration of 100 µg/ml respectively. 25 peaks were identified through GC-MS, out of which, ferulic acid (14.2µ/g) and quercetin (5.4 µ/g) are active chemical compounds. HPTLC showed different chromatograms in hydroalcoholic extracts like (1) chlorogenic, (2) quercetin, (3) benzoic acid, (4) caffeic acid, (5) ferulic acid, (6) kaempferol, and (7) gallic acid. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, flavonoids present in hydroalcoholic extract may be developed into a drug for clinical application for the treatment of thrombosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, M M (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, M M College of Pharmacy, M M (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M M College of Pharmacy, M M (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Ashwanti Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, M M (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Li C, Zhang H, Li X. The Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3371-3381. [PMID: 33061498 PMCID: PMC7524185 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the lipid deposition caused by the imbalance between energy intake and consumption caused by a variety of factors. Obesity can lead to multiple systemic complications. At present, the treatment of obesity is mainly lifestyle intervention, drug weight loss, and weight loss surgery, but the curative effect is limited or the side effects are serious. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the treatment of obesity. Existing studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can treat obesity in a variety of ways, such as regulating intestinal microflora, enhancing hormone level, regulating fat metabolism, and so on. In this review, we will introduce and summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaohua Li Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai200137, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 021-58670561 Email
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Song J, Shin SM, Kim H. Efficacy and safety of HT048 and HT077 for body fat and weight loss in overweight adults: A study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17922. [PMID: 31702673 PMCID: PMC6855614 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of excessive body weight has rapidly increased worldwide over the past decades; however, medications are intended for moderately and severely obese patients and are associated with side effects. As an alternative approach, the use of traditional herbal medicines has gained increasing popularity among overweight individuals in recent years in East Asia. HT048 is an herbal extract of Citrus unshiu and Crataegus pinnatifida, and HT077 is an herbal extract of Nelumbo nucifera and Prunus persica. These 4 herbs have been used widely for body weight reduction in China and Korea. The aims of this trial are to investigate whether HT048 and HT077 are effective at reducing body fat and weight in overweight adults, and to determine the safety of HT048 and HT077. METHODS/DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-arm parallel group trial will be conducted in adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to <30 kg/m. A total of 120 eligible participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either HT048 (1000 mg), HT077 (400 mg), or matching placebo twice daily for 12 weeks, and will be monitored for an additional 4-week follow-up period after the treatment. All participants will be assessed for efficacy and safety of the investigational product at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. The primary endpoint is the change in body fat mass and percent body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at week 12 from the baseline. The secondary efficacy variables are abdominal fat area measured by computed tomography, body fat mass and percent body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, body weight, BMI, and serum lipids and adipocytokines concentrations. Safety will be evaluated on the basis of reported adverse events, abnormal laboratory results, vital signs, and physical examination findings. DISCUSSION This is a first-in-human trial of HT048 and HT077 to assess the efficacy and safety in overweight subjects. The results will provide high-quality evidence of the therapeutic benefits of HT048 and HT077 for weight management and the prevention of obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Korean Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0004271) Registered September 2, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungbin Song
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul
| | - Seon-mi Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semyung University College of Korean Medicine, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul
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Zhu Y, Hu P, Yao J, Xu D, Xu Y, Tan Q. Optimal dietary alcoholic extract of lotus leaf improved growth performance and health status of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:1-7. [PMID: 31315061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is one of the most important aquaculture fish in China. This study tried to explore the effects of dietary alcoholic extract of lotus leaf (AELL) addition on the growth performance and health status of grass carp by feeding juvenile fish (average weight: 34 ± 1 g) with four different experimental diets: control, AELL7, AELL14 and AELL21 for 8 weeks. At the end of the growth trial, the highest values of final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) all occurred in group AELL14 (P < 0.05). Compared to control, the crude lipid content of whole-body and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in the three experimental groups decreased, while the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) values almost all increased in the three experimental groups. The highest serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration occurred in AELL14 group (P < 0.05). In AELL14 and AELL21 groups, both the serum complement 3 (C3) concentration and lysozyme (LYS) activity were significantly higher, whereas the final cumulative mortality in challenge test was significantly lower, when compared to those in control group (P < 0.05). The AELL exerted dose-dependent beneficial effects on grass carp health through up-regulating related gene expressions and enzyme activity. In conclusion, the optimal dietary AELL level is 0.14% for juvenile grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junpeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Daju Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingsong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Inhibitory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Extract on 2-Acetylaminofluorene-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Through Enhancing Antioxidative Potential and Alleviating Inflammation in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090329. [PMID: 31443426 PMCID: PMC6770729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf extract of Nelumbo nucifera (NLE) has been demonstrated to possess anti-atherosclerosis, improve alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity, and inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of human breast cancer cells. This study determines the chemopreventive role of NLE against 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. AAF was used to induce hepatocarcinogenesis in rats through genetic and nongenetic effects. After administration for 12 weeks, NLE (0.5–2%) supplementation orally inhibited AAF (0.03%)-induced hepatic fibrosis which appears during the development of premalignant lesions in rats. After the 6-month experiment, NLE supplementation resulted in decreasing AAF-induced serum parameters of hepatic injury, including the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT). NLE supplementation also reduced AAF-induced lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in the rat liver. Hepatic histopathological investigation revealed that NLE supplementation attenuated the AAF-induced HCC and glutathione S-transferase-Pi (GST-Pi) expression. Furthermore, NLE supplementation increased the expression of transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream targets, including catalase, glutathion peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) in the rat liver. Our findings indicate that NLE supplementation inhibited AAF-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing antioxidative potential and alleviating inflammation in rats.
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Microbial and metabolomic remodeling by a formula of Sichuan dark tea improves hyperlipidemia in apoE-deficient mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219010. [PMID: 31269076 PMCID: PMC6608967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicine-food homology is a long-standing concept in traditional Chinese medicine. YiNianKangBao (YNKB) tea is a medicine-food formulation based on Sichuan dark tea (Ya'an Tibetan tea), which is traditionally used for its lipid-lowering properties. In this study, we evaluated the effects of YNKB on dyslipidemia and investigated the mechanism underlying its correlation with gut microbiota and serum metabolite regulation. Wild-type mice were fed a normal diet as a control. Male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three high-fat diet (HFD) groups, a model group, and two treated groups (100, 400 mg/kg/d for low, high-dose), and fed by gavage for 12 weeks. Serum lipid levels, composition of gut microbiota, and serum metabolites were then analyzed before treatment with YNKB. We extracted the ingredients of YNKB in boiled water for one hour. YNKB supplementation at a high dose of 400 mg/kg/day reduced bodyweight gains (relative epididymal fat pad and liver weight), and markedly attenuated serum lipid profiles and atherosclerosis index, with no significant differences present between the low-dose treatment and HFD groups. Gut microbiota and serum metabolic analysis indicated that significant differences were observed between normal, HFD, and YNKB treatment groups. These differences in gut microbiota exhibited strong correlations with dyslipidemia-related indexes and serum metabolite levels. Oral administration of high-dose YNKB also showed significant lipid-lowering activity against hyperlipidemia in apoE-deficient mice, which might be associated with composition alterations of the gut microbiota and changes in serum metabolite abundances. These findings highlight that YNKB as a medicine-food formulation derived from Sichuan dark tea could prevent dyslipidemia and improve the understanding of its mechanisms and the pharmacological rationale for preventive use.
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