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Li L, Wang Y, Wang S, Zong J, Zhang Z, Zou S, Zhao Z, Cao Y, Liu Z. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Investigating the Safety And Efficacy of a Herbal Formulation on Knee Joint Function in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024. [PMID: 39400265 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Background: Current treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) pain and stiffness have limitations, including adverse effects. Therefore, effective and safe complementary or alternative therapies are needed. Dietary supplement GJ 191, comprising Epimedium, Dioscorea, and Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts, may address this need. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated GJ 191 supplementation on knee OA symptoms. Seventy-two adults (40-75 years) with mild to moderate knee OA and mild to moderate knee pain were enrolled. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Quality of Life questionnaire, knee joint range of motion, serum C-reactive protein, and rescue medication use were assessed. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and stiffness scores were computed using KOOS scores. Results: Decreases in WOMAC pain scores were reported by both GJ 191 and placebo groups after 6 (-1.78 ± 2.71 and -1.34 ± 1.93, respectively; p < 0.01) and 12 (-2.31 ± 2.83 and -1.59 ± 2.69, respectively; p < 0.01) weeks, with no significant difference between groups. There were decreases in WOMAC stiffness scores for participants supplemented with GJ 191 by 0.53 ± 1.22 and 0.72 ± 1.46 (p ≤0.02) after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, with respective decreases of 0.81 ± 1.51 and 0.75 ± 1.85 (p ≤0.03) for those on placebo. Significant improvements in current pain, as assessed by the Pain VAS, and bodily pain were reported by the GJ 191 group after 6 and 12 weeks, while the placebo group only reported significant improvements in these measures after 12 weeks. GJ 191 supplementation was safe and well tolerated. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in pain and stiffness scores between GJ 191 and placebo over the 12 weeks. While both groups reported improvements in WOMAC pain from baseline, improvements in current and bodily pain were experienced sooner with GJ 191 than placebo and were sustained over the study period. GJ 191 supplementation was safe and well tolerated. (CTR#: NCT04395547).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zengliang Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | | | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Zimin Liu
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
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Mu J, Li Y, Chen Q, Xiao Y, Hu M, He Z, Zeng J, Ding Y, Song P, He X, Yang X, Zhang X. Revealing the molecular mechanism of baohuoside I for the treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118918. [PMID: 39396715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), there are many prescriptions for treating breast cancer (BC) that utilize the herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, which warms and replenishes kidney yang. Baohuoside I (BI) is a flavonoid compound found in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. As a single glycoside, it is not easily hydrolyzed in the intestine and is typically absorbed as a precursor. As a natural product with potential anti-cancer properties, studies have shown that BI possesses anti-cancer activity and can inhibit the invasion and migration of BC cells. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, thus further research is needed to validate its modern mechanisms for traditional uses. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of BI in the signaling pathways of BC cells through network pharmacology (NP), molecular docking (MD) techniques and cellular experiments. METHODS Potential targets were predicted using public databases, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Key signaling pathways were validated through MD techniques, cellular experiments, RNA interference and Western blot (WB) analysis. RESULTS Treatment-associated targets included SRC, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, and EGFR. GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment analyses, and MD results indicated that BI exerts its anti-breast cancer effects by inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR, as well as through downstream MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed that BI primarily induce cell apoptosis through the EGFR-mediated MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION BI can inhibit EGFR activation and promote BC cell apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby exerting therapeutic effects on BC. This study not only provides experimental evidence for the accuracy of NP but also offers an effective approach for rational utilization of Baohuoside I-like flavonoid compounds as anti-breast cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Mu
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Qiuxiong Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Ziyue He
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Yiling Ding
- Pengshui County Forestry Bureau, Chongqing, 409600, PR China
| | - Pengyang Song
- Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Chongqing, 400800, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, 404120, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
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Sun X, Lin Y, Zhong X, Fan C, Liu Z, Chen X, Luo Z, Wu J, Tima S, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Du X, Zhou X, Zhong Z. Alendronate-functionalized polymeric micelles target icaritin to bone for mitigating osteoporosis in a rat model. J Control Release 2024; 376:37-51. [PMID: 39368708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Formulating drugs into nanoparticles that target sites of disease can lead to strong therapeutic effects with lower doses of drugs and lower rates of off-target adverse effects. Few ways to target drugs to bone have been described, hampering the treatment of osteoporosis. Here we exploit the ability of alendronate to bind tightly to hydroxyapatite in bone as a tactic to target polymeric micelles loaded with the plant flavonoid icaritin to osteoporotic lesions. The traditional Chinese medicine icaritin, from Herba Epimedii, has previously been shown to inhibit adipogenesis and enhance osteogenesis by bone mesenchymal stem cells, but the compound on its own persists only briefly in the bloodstream. Our delivery system led to stronger inhibition of adipogenesis and activation of osteogenesis in a rat model of osteoporosis than when the icaritin-loaded micelles lacked alendronate. These results establish the feasibility of using alendronate to target osteogenic phytomolecules to sites of bone injury, which may guide the development of effective therapies against osteoporosis and, by extension, other bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xingyue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zaiyi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xingjie Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Wang W, Fan J, Li F, Gan S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Li W, He Z, Ding H, Sun Y, Zhang T, Jiang Q. Design, synthesis and evaluation of carbamate-bridged amino acid prodrugs of cycloicaritin with improved antitumor activity, aqueous solubility and phase II metabolic stability. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116646. [PMID: 38972080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Cycloicaritin (CICT), a bioactive flavonoid derived from the genus Epimedium, exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities, including promising anticancer effects. However, its poor oral bioavailability is attributed to its extremely low aqueous solubility and rapid elimination via phase II conjugative metabolism. To overcome these limitations, we designed and synthesized a series of carbamate-bridged prodrugs, protecting the hydroxyl group at the 3-position of cycloicaritin by binding with the N-terminus of a natural amino acid. The optimal prodrug 4b demonstrated a significant increase in aqueous solubility as compared to CICT, as well as improved stability in phase II metabolism, while allowing for a rapid release of CICT in the blood upon gastrointestinal absorption. The prodrug 4b also facilitated oral absorption through organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1-mediated transport and exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. Importantly, the prodrug enhanced the oral bioavailability of CICT and displayed dose-dependent antitumor activity with superior safety. In summary, the prodrug 4b is a novel potential antitumor drug candidate, and the carbamate-bridged amino acid prodrug approach is a promising strategy for the oral delivery of CICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fengxiao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuo Gan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongbing Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics, National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Xie SS, Yu X, Zhang JK, Hao ZY, Zheng XK, Feng WS. Epimesatines P-S: Four Undescribed Flavonoids from Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. and Their Cytotoxicity Activities. Molecules 2024; 29:4711. [PMID: 39407639 PMCID: PMC11477557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, four previously undescribed flavonoids, named epimesatines P (1), Q (2), R (3), and S (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. Their structures and absolute configurations were confirmed via spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD experiments. Epimesatines Q and R were characterized by the presence of furan rings. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that epimesatines P-S exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the viability of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.27 to 50.3 μM. Notably, epimesatines Q and R exhibited superior efficacy against MCF-7 cells compared to epimesatines P and S, suggesting that the presence of furan rings may enhance their activity against MCF-7 cells. Specifically, epimesatine Q displayed a more potent inhibitory effect at 1.27 μM compared to a positive control, docetaxel, which had an IC50 of 2.13 μM, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Importantly, none of the tested compounds exhibited obvious toxicity toward MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, compounds 1, 3, and 4 were found to significantly inhibit the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.-S.X.); (X.Y.); (J.-K.Z.); (Z.-Y.H.); (X.-K.Z.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.-S.X.); (X.Y.); (J.-K.Z.); (Z.-Y.H.); (X.-K.Z.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing-Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.-S.X.); (X.Y.); (J.-K.Z.); (Z.-Y.H.); (X.-K.Z.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhi-You Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.-S.X.); (X.Y.); (J.-K.Z.); (Z.-Y.H.); (X.-K.Z.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.-S.X.); (X.Y.); (J.-K.Z.); (Z.-Y.H.); (X.-K.Z.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.-S.X.); (X.Y.); (J.-K.Z.); (Z.-Y.H.); (X.-K.Z.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Zhao Y, Teng L, Zhang R, Lv C, Lu J. Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides from Epimedium koreanum Nakai leaves and their anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:3336-3343. [PMID: 37660280 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2246631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides, namely Desmethylicaritin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L(4″-O-acetyl) rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-D(6''''-O-acetyl)-glucopyranoside (1) and 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyl-8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-flavonol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), and one with no NMR spectral data reported (3) were isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS analysis. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities result showed that compound 2 had significant inhibitory effects on A549 cell fibrosis, which was similar to that of the positive control drug, pirfenidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Linxuan Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chongning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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7
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Yang Y, Xue X, Zhou J, Qiu Z, Wang B, Yin Z, Ou G, Zhou Q. L-carnitine combined with traditional Chinese medicine for male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36680. [PMID: 39263096 PMCID: PMC11388790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fertility rates are declining globally, and male infertility is increasingly recognized as a significant challenge. This study aims to present the latest findings on the effectiveness and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with L-carnitine (LC) for treating male infertility. Methods We searched 8 databases. Randomized controlled trials of TCM combined with LC therapy versus LC alone in the treatment of male infertility. The outcome included: pregnancy rate, sperm motility, concentration, volume, viability and liquefaction time. Subgroup analyses were also performed according to type of TCM, type of dosage form, and different TCM treatments, and the source of the high heterogeneity was explored. The study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023421497). Results 1129 subjects from 12 of the 1833 eligible studies fulfilled the criteria. Compared with LC treatment alone, the combination of TCM and LC significantly improved pregnancy rate [RR = 1.65, 95 % CI (1.37-2.00)], grade (a+b) sperm motility [SMD = 1.56, 95 % CI (1.12, 2.01)], grade (a) sperm motility [SMD = 1.04, 95 % CI (0.69, 1.38)], sperm concentration [SMD = 1.39, 95 % CI (0.91, 1.86)], and sperm viability [SMD = 1.72, 95 % CI (0.83, 2.60)]. Subgroup analyses indicated that Compound Xuanju Capsule and Yougui Capsule demonstrated better efficacy. And the decoction and not-decoction each had their own advantages. Conclusions The combination of TCM with LC can have a dual effect: increasing pregnancy rates and sperm quality. Therefore, this combination is a recommended therapeutic strategy and a more appropriate type of TCM can be selected according to the patient's own characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Xue
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zerui Qiu
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Wang
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Yin
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyang Ou
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Cui J, Lin L, Hao F, Shi Z, Gao Y, Yang T, Yang C, Wu X, Gao R, Ru Y, Li F, Xiao C, Gao Y, Wang Y. Comprehensive review of the traditional uses and the potential benefits of epimedium folium. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415265. [PMID: 39323630 PMCID: PMC11422139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epimedium Folium has been extensively utilized for medicinal purposes in China for a significant period. This review undertakes a comprehensive examination of literature pertaining to Epimedium and its metabolites over the past decade, drawing from databases such as PubMed. Through meticulous organization and synthesis of pertinent research findings, including disease models, pharmacological effects, and related aspects, this narrative review sheds light on the principal pharmacological activities and associated mechanisms of Epimedium in safeguarding the reproductive system, promoting bone health, mitigating inflammation, and combating tumors and viral infections. Consequently, this review contributes to a more profound comprehension of the recent advances in Epimedium research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Cui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feiran Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yehui Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rong Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kamsu GT, Ndebia EJ. Usefulness of Natural Phenolic Compounds in the Fight against Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review. FUTURE PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 4:626-650. [DOI: 10.3390/futurepharmacol4030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a very common form of cancer in developing countries, and its exponential progression is a cause for concern. Available treatments face the phenomenon of multi-drug resistance, as well as multiple disabling side effects. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2030 if nothing is done. Due to their high representativeness in plants, phenolic compounds are a potential alternative for halting the spread of this disease, which bereaves many thousands of families every year. This study aims to identify phenolic compounds with activity against esophageal cancer, assess their toxicological profiles, and explore future perspectives. To achieve this, the literature search was meticulously carried out in the Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Pub-Med/Medline databases, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The results show that proanthocyanidin and curcumin represent promising therapeutic options, given their significant in vitro and in vivo activity, and their safety in human subjects in clinical trials. Moscatilin, Genistein, and pristimerin have anticancer activities (≤10 µM) very close to those of doxorubicin and 5-FU, although their safety has not yet been fully established. The compounds identified in vivo exhibit highly significant activities compared with the results obtained in vitro, and are sometimes more effective than the molecules conventionally used to treat EC. Generally, with the exceptions of plumbagin, lapachol, and β-lapachone, all other molecules are relatively non-toxic to normal human cells and represent a therapeutic avenue to be explored by pharmaceutical companies in the fight against esophageal cancer. However, more detailed toxicological studies of certain molecules remain a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tchuente Kamsu
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
| | - Eugene Jamot Ndebia
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
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Sun Q, Yang R, Chen T, Li S, Wang H, Kong D, Zhang W, Duan J, Zheng H, Shen Z, Zhang J. Icaritin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-autophagy in mouse liver. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112533. [PMID: 38924868 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major complication of liver transplantation and gravely affects patient prognosis. Icaritin (ICT), the primary plasma metabolite of icariin (ICA), plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory processes. However, the role of ICT in hepatic IR injury remains largely undefined. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of ICT in hepatic IR injury. METHODS We established hepatic IR injury models in animals, as well as an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model. Liver injury in vivo was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, necrotic areas by liver histology and local hepatic inflammatory responses. For in vitro analyses, we implemented flow-cytometric and western blot analyses, transmission electron microscopy, and an mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus reporter assay to assess the effects of ICT on OGD/R injury in AML12 and THLE-2 cell lines. Signaling pathways were explored in vitro and in vivo to identify possible mechanisms underlying ICT action in hepatic IR injury. RESULTS Compared to the mouse model group, ICT preconditioning considerably protected the liver against IR stress, and diminished the levels of necrosis/apoptosis and inflammation-related cytokines. In additional studies, ICT treatment dramatically boosted the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins in hepatic cells following OGD/R damage. We also applied LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and RAPA (rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor), which blocked the protective effects of ICT in hepatocytes subjected to OGD/R. CONCLUSION This study indicates that ICT attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury by exerting anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-autophagy effects, as demonstrated in mouse livers. We thus posit that ICT could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ruining Yang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, China.
| | - Dejun Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weiye Zhang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jinliang Duan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Zhu BY, Liu ZC, Zhao ZX, Huang HP, Zhang N, Xia J, Chen WW. Pharmacological Mechanism of Chinese Medicine in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3762-0. [PMID: 39240290 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting multiple systems, characterized by the development of harmful autoantibodies and immune complexes that lead to damage in organs and tissues. Chinese medicine (CM) plays a role in mitigating complications, enhancing treatment effectiveness, and reducing toxicity of concurrent medications, and ensuring a safe pregnancy. However, CM mainly solves the disease comprehensively through multi-target and multi-channel regulation process, therefore, its treatment mechanism is often complicated, involving many molecular links. This review introduces the research progress of pathogenesis of SLE from the aspects of genetics, epigenetics, innate immunity and acquired immunity, and then discusses the molecular mechanism and target of single Chinese herbal medicine and prescription that are commonly used and effective in clinic to treat SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yu Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Zhen-Xi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Hui-Ping Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jia Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
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Xu C, Fan X, Shen G, Guo B. Genome-wide identification of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from Epimedium Pubescens Maxim. (Berberidaceae): novel insight into the evolution of the PAL gene family. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:831. [PMID: 39232677 PMCID: PMC11373271 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) serves as a key gateway enzyme, bridging primary metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway, and thus playing an indispensable role in flavonoid, anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis. PAL gene families have been extensively studied across species using public genomes. However, a comprehensive exploration of PAL genes in Epimedium species, especially those involved in prenylated flavonol glycoside, anthocyanin, or lignin biosynthesis, is still lacking. Moreover, an in-depth investigation into PAL gene family evolution is warranted. RESULTS Seven PAL genes (EpPAL1-EpPAL7) were identified. EpPAL2 and EpPAL3 exhibit low sequence identity to other EpPALs (ranging from 61.09 to 64.38%) and contain two unique introns, indicating distinct evolutionary origins. They evolve at a rate ~ 10 to ~ 54 times slower compared to EpPAL1 and EpPAL4-7, suggesting strong purifying selection. EpPAL1 evolved independently and is another ancestral gene. EpPAL1 formed EpPAL4 through segmental duplication, which lead to EpPAL5 and EpPAL6 through tandem duplications, and EpPAL7 through transposed duplication, shaping modern EpPALs. Correlation analysis suggests EpPAL1, EpPAL2 and EpPAL3 play important roles in prenylated flavonol glycosides biosynthesis, with EpPAL2 and EpPAL3 strongly correlated with both Epimedin C and total prenylated flavonol glycosides. EpPAL1, EpPAL2 and EpPAL3 may play a role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaves. EpPAL2, EpPAL3, EpPAL6, and EpPAL7 might be engaged in anthocyanin production in petals, and EpPAL2 and EpPAL3 might also contribute to anthocyanin synthesis in sepals. Further experiments are needed to confirm these hypotheses. Novel insights into the evolution of PAL gene family suggest that it might have evolved from a monophyletic group in bryophytes to large-scale sequence differentiation in gymnosperms, basal angiosperms, and Magnoliidae. Ancestral gene duplications and vertical inheritance from gymnosperms to angiosperms likely occurred during PAL evolution. Most early-diverging eudicotyledons and monocotyledons have distinct histories, while modern angiosperm PAL gene families share similar patterns and lack distant gene types. CONCLUSIONS EpPAL2 and EpPAL3 may play crucial roles in biosynthesis of prenylated flavonol glycosides and anthocyanins in leaves and flowers. This study provides novel insights into PAL gene family evolution. The findings on PAL genes in E. pubescens will aid in synthetic biology research on prenylated flavonol glycosides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151 MaLianWa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuelan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151 MaLianWa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Guoan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151 MaLianWa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151 MaLianWa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yu CY, Cong YJ, Wei JX, Guo BL, Liu CY, Liao YH. Pulmonary delivery of icariin-phospholipid complex prolongs lung retention and improves therapeutic efficacy in mice with acute lung injury/ARDS. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:113989. [PMID: 38838444 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Icariin has been shown the promising therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory airway diseases, yet its poor lung distribution and retention restrict the clinical applications. To this end, this work aimed to prepare an icariin-phospholipid complex (IPC) formulation for sustained nebulization delivery that enabled excellent inhalability, improved lung exposure and prolonged duration of action. Icariin was found to react with soybean phospholipid to form supramolecular IPC, which was able to self-assemble into nanoparticle suspension. The suspension was stable during steam sterilization and nebulization processes, and its aerosols generated by a commercial nebulizer exhibited excellent aerodynamic properties and delivery efficiency. In vitro studies showed that the formation of complex sustained drug release, enhanced lung affinity and slowed lung clearance. The drug distribution in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) also demonstrated in vivo sustained release after intratracheal administration to mice. In addition, compared to free icariin, IPC improved the drug exposure to lung tissues and immune cells in the ELF by 4.61-fold and 39.5-fold, respectively. This resulted in improved and prolonged local anti-inflammatory effects up to 24 h in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Moreover, IPC improved survival rate of mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Overall, the present phospholipid complex represented a promising formulation of icariin for the treatment of acute lung injury/ARDS by nebulization delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Cong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jia-Xing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Eid BG, Binmahfouz LS, Shaik RA, Bagher AM, Sirwi A, Abdel-Naim AB. Icariin inhibits cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity via modulating NF-κB and PTEN/AKT/mTOR/AMPK axis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03395-y. [PMID: 39212737 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a highly effective broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent for several solid tumors. However, its clinical use is associated with ovarian toxicity. Icariin (ICA) is a bioactive flavonoid of Epimedium brevicornum with reported protective activities against inflammation, oxidative stress and ovarian failure. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of ICA against CP-associated ovarian toxicity in rats. Rats were randomized into five groups and treated for 17 days: control, ICA (10 mg/kg/day, for 17 days. p.o.), CP (6 mg/kg, i.p. on days 7 and 14), CP + ICA (CP 6 mg/kg i.p. on days 7 and 14 and ICA 5 mg/kg p.o. daily), and CP + ICA (CP 6 mg/kg i.p. on days 7 and 14 and ICA 10 mg/kg p.o. daily). Our results indicated that ICA effectively improved ovarian reserve as indicated by attenuating CP-induced histolopathological changes and enhancing serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH). Furthermore, co-administration of ICA with CP showed restoration of the oxidant-anti-oxidant balance in ovarian tissues, evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Also, ICA suppressed ovarian inflammation as evidenced by down-regulation of the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). ICA inhibited ovarian apoptosis in CP-treated rats by down-regulation of CASP3 and Bax and up-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Further, ICA enhanced PTEN, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-AMPKα expression. In conclusion, ICA possesses a protective activity against CP-induced ovarian toxicity in rats by exhibiting antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic activities and modulating NF-κB expression and PTEN/AKT/mTOR/AMPK axis in ovarian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lenah S Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Gu C, Chen H, Zhao Y, Xi H, Tan X, Xue P, Sun G, Jiang X, Du B, Liu X. Ti 3C 2T x@PLGA/Icaritin microspheres-modified PLGA/ β-TCP scaffolds modulate Icaritin release to enhance bone regeneration through near-infrared response. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055038. [PMID: 39121886 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad6dc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/Icaritin (PLGA/β-TCP/ICT, PTI) scaffold is a tissue engineering scaffold based on PLGA/β-TCP (PT) containing Icaritin, the main active ingredient of the Chinese medicine Epimedium. Due to its excellent mechanical properties and osteogenic effect, PTI scaffold has the potential to promote bone defect repair. However, the release of ICT from the scaffolds is difficult to control. In this study, we constructed Ti3C2Tx@PLGA/ICT microspheres (TIM) and evaluated their characterization as well as ICT release under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. We utilized TIM to modify the PT scaffold and performed biological experiments. First, we cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffold to assess biocompatibility and osteogenic potential under on-demand NIR irradiation. Subsequently, to evaluate the osteogenic properties of TIM-modified scaffoldin vivo, the scaffold was implanted into a femoral condyle defect model. TIM have excellent drug-loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency for ICT, and the incorporation of Ti3C2Txendows TIM with photothermal conversion capability. Under 0.90 W cm-2NIR irradiation, the temperature of TIM maintained at 42.0 ± 0.5 °C and the release of ICT was accelerated. Furthermore, while retaining its original properties, the TIM-modified scaffold was biocompatible and could promote cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralizationin vitro, as well as the osteogenesis and osseointegrationin vivo, and its effect was further enhanced through the modulation of ICT release under NIR irradiation. In summary, TIM-modified scaffold has the potential to be applied in bone defects repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhong Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangquan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Du
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Xiao D, Huang S, Tang Z, Liu M, Di D, Ma Y, Li Y, Duan JA, Lu C, Zhao M. Mijiao formula regulates NAT10-mediated Runx2 mRNA ac4C modification to promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and improve osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118191. [PMID: 38621468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Mijiao (MJ) formula, a traditional herbal remedy, incorporates antlers as its primary constituent. It can effectively treat osteoporosis (OP), anti-aging, enhance immune activity, and change depression-like behavior. In this study, we investigated that MJ formula is a comprehensive treatment strategy, and may provide a potential approach for the clinical treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine whether MJ formula promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and improved osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the NAT10-mediated Runx2 mRNA ac4C modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of MJ formula on OP by creating an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. The expression of osteogenic differentiation related proteins in BMSCs was detected in vivo, indicating their role in promoting bone formation. In addition, the potential mechanism of its bone protective effect was explored via in vitro experiments. RESULTS Our study showed that MJ formula significantly mitigated bone mass loss in the OVX rat model, highlighting its potential as an OP therapeutic agent. We found that the possible mechanism of action was the ability of this formulation to stabilize Runx2 mRNA through NAT10-mediated ac4C acetylation, which promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and contributed to the enhancement of bone formation. CONCLUSIONS MJ formula can treat estrogen deficiency OP by stabilizing Runx2 mRNA, promoting osteogenic differentiation and protecting bone mass. Conceivably, MJ formulation could be a safe and promising strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sirui Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhuqian Tang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengqiu Liu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Di Di
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingrun Ma
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunjuan Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cai Lu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Thakur M, Verma R, Kumar D, Das PP, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kuca K, Azizov S, Kumar D. Revisiting the ethnomedicinal, ethnopharmacological, phytoconstituents and phytoremediation of the plant Solanum viarum Dunal. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5513-5531. [PMID: 38498057 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Solanum viarum, a perennial shrub, belongs to the family Solanaceae known for its therapeutic value worldwide. As a beneficial remedial plant, it is used for treating several disorders like dysentery, diabetes, inflammation, and respiratory disorders. Phytochemistry studies of this plant have shown the presence of steroidal glycoside alkaloids, including solasonine, solasodine, and solamargine. It also has flavonoids, saponins, minerals, and other substances. S. viarum extracts and compounds possess a variety of pharmacological effects, including antipyretic, antioxidant, antibacterial, insecticidal, analgesic, and anticancer activity. Most of the heavy metals accumulate in the aerial sections of the plant which is considered a potential phytoremediation, a highly effective method for the treatment of metal-polluted soils. We emphasize the forgoing outline of S. viarum, as well as its ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmacological applications, the chemistry of its secondary metabolites, and heavy metal toxicity. In addition to describing the antitumor activity of compounds and their mechanisms of action isolated from S. viarum, liabilities are also explained and illustrated, including any significant chemical or metabolic stability and toxicity risks. A comprehensive list of information was compiled from Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using different key phrases (traditional use, ethnomedicinal plants, western Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, S viarum, and biological activity). According to the findings of this study, we hope that this review will inspire further studies along the drug discovery pathway of the chemicals extracted from the plant of S. viarum. Further, this review shows that ethnopharmacological information from ethnomedicinal plants can be a promising approach to drug discovery for cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Priyanku Pradip Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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Li B, Xiang T, Bindawa Isah M, Chen C, Zhang X. In vitro simulated saliva, gastric, and intestinal digestion followed by faecal fermentation reveals a potential modulatory activity of Epimedium on human gut microbiota. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116151. [PMID: 38652940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii, known for its rich array of bioactive ingredients and widespread use in ethnopharmacological practices, still lacks a comprehensive understanding of its gastrointestinal biotransformation. In this study, we qualitatively explored the dynamic changes in Epimedium sagittatum components during in vitro simulated digestions, with a quantitative focus on its five major flavonoids. Notably, significant metabolism of E. sagittatum constituents occurred in the simulated small intestinal fluid and colonic fermentation stages, yielding various low molecular weight metabolites. Flavonoids like kaempferol glycosides were fully metabolized in the simulated intestinal fluid, while hyperoside digestion occurred during simulated colon digestion. Colonic fermentation led to the production of two known bioactive isoflavones, genistein, and daidzein. The content and bioaccessibility of the five major epimedium flavonoids-icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and baohuoside I-significantly increased after intestinal digestion. During colon fermentation, these components gradually decreased but remained incompletely metabolized after 72 h. Faecal samples after E. sagittatum fermentation exhibited shift towards dominance by Lactobacillus (Firmicutes), Bifidobacterium (Actinobacteria), Streptococcus (Firmicutes), and Dialister (Firmicutes). These findings enhance our comprehension of diverse stages of Herba Epimedii constituents in the gut, suggesting that the primary constituents become bioaccessible in the colon, where new bioactive compounds may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China; College of Medicine, Shaanxi University of International Trade & Commerce, Xian, China
| | - Tian Xiang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, UmaruMusa Yar'adua University Katsina, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina 820102, Nigeria
| | - Chen Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Ding J, Li C, Wang G, Yang Y, Li J. Cancer-Related Therapeutic Potential of Epimedium and Its Extracts. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:885-901. [PMID: 39066475 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2383336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium is a Chinese herb known as "yin and yang fire," first mentioned in the Compendium of Materia Medica. Many of the proprietary Chinese medicines used in clinical practice contain Epimedium as an ingredient, and its main active constituents include icariin, icaritin, and icariside II, among others. In addition to its traditional use in treating fatigue and sexual problems, modern research has confirmed that the main bioactive compounds in Epimedium have pharmacological effects such as antidepressant, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as inhibiting bone destruction, promoting bone growth, improving immune regulation and protecting the cardio-cerebral vascular system. With the continuous development of extraction and purification techniques, the development and use of bioactive compounds in Epimedium have significantly progressed, and the anticancer effect has received widespread attention. Since natural herbs have few side effects on the human body and do not easily develop drug resistance, they have long been the direction of research in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the latest research on the anticancer effects of Epimedium and its extracts, describes the bioactive compounds, pharmacological efficacy, and antitumor mechanism of Epimedium, and gives a new view on the administration and development of Epimedium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changcheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guanzheng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Mei J, Ju C, Wang B, Gao R, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Liu E, Zhang L, Meng H, Liu Y, Zhao R, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Li J, Zhang P, Zhao J, Liu Y, Huan L, Huang Y, Zhu F, Liu H, Luo R, Yang Q, Gao S, Wang X, Fang Q, Lu Y, Dong Y, Yin X, Qiu P, Yang Q, Yang L, Xu F. The efficacy and safety of Bazi Bushen Capsule in treating premature aging: A randomized, double blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155742. [PMID: 38838635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is unclear whether traditional Chinese patent medicines can resist premature aging. This prospective study investigated the effects of Bazi Bushen Capsule (BZBS) which is a traditional Chinese patent medicine for tonifying the kidney essence on premature senility symptoms and quality of life, telomerase activity and telomere length. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS It was a parallel, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. Subjects (n = 530) aged 30-78 years were randomized to receive BZBS or placebo capsules 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the clinical feature of change in kidney deficiency for aging evaluation scale (CFCKD-AES) and tilburg frailty indicator (TFI). The secondary outcomes were SF-36, serum sex hormone level, five times sit-to-stand time (FTSST), 6MWT, motor function test-grip strength, balance test, walking speed, muscle mass measurement, telomerase and telomere length. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, the CFCKD-AES and TFI scores in the BZBS group decreased by 13.79 and 1.50 respectively (6.42 and 0.58 in the placebo group, respectively); The SF-36 in the BZBS group increased by 98.38 (23.79 in the placebo group). The FTSST, motor function test grip strength, balance test, walking speed, and muscle mass in the elderly subgroup were all improved in the BZBS group. The telomerase content in the BZBS group increased by 150.04 ng/ml compared to the placebo group. The fever led one patient in the placebo group to discontinue the trial. One patient in the placebo group withdrew from the trial due to pregnancy. None of the serious AEs led to treatment discontinuation, and 3 AEs (1.14%) were assessed as related to BZBS by the primary investigator. CONCLUSIONS BZBS can improve premature aging symptoms, frailty scores, and quality of life, as well as improve FTSST, motor function: grip strength, balance test, walking speed, and muscle mass in elderly subgroups of patients, and enhance telomerase activity, but it is not significantly associated with increasing telomere length which is important for healthy aging. TRIAL REGISTRY https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=166181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mei
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Ju
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Biqing Wang
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Institute, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Shunlin Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Erjun Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Lirui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, PR China
| | - Hong Meng
- International school of cosmetics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- Department of gynaecology, Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Wenying Zeng
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Junnan Zhao
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Luyao Huan
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Fuli Zhu
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Shanfeng Gao
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Qingxia Fang
- Department of gynaecology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - YuHong Lu
- LNKMED Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100000, PR China
| | - Yan Dong
- LNKMED Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100000, PR China
| | - Xueying Yin
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Institute, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Panbo Qiu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Institute, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Qiaoning Yang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Institute, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, PR China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Institute of geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China.
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Song L, Wang D, Zhai Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Sun L, Zhou K. Aqueous extract of Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. induces liver injury in mice via pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118164. [PMID: 38593963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. has been used traditionally in Asia. It can dispel wind and cold, tonify the kidney, and strengthen bones and tendons. However, adverse effects of E. sagittatum have been reported, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate liver injury caused by an aqueous extract of E. sagittatum in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and explore its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried E. sagittatum leaves were decocted in water to prepare aqueous extracts for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Mice were administered an aqueous extract of E. sagittatum equivalent to either 3 g raw E. sagittatum/kg or 10 g raw E. sagittatum/kg once daily via intragastric injection for three months. The liver weights and levels of the serum biochemical parameters including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histopathology. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL apoptosis assay kit. IL-1β was detected using ELISA kits. Proteomics was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of proteins significantly affected by the aqueous extract of E. sagittatum. RESULTS E. sagittatum treatment increased the liver weights and liver coefficients, and ALT and AST levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). A high dose of E. sagittatum significantly increased LDH and TBIL levels (p < 0.05). Ruptured cell membranes and multiple sites of inflammatory cell infiltration were also observed. No evidence of apoptosis was observed. IL-1β levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The expressions of PIK3R1, p-MAP2K4, p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/JNK, p-c-Jun, VDAC2, Bax, and CYC were upregulated, whereas that of Bcl-2 was inhibited by E. sagittatum. The expression of cleaved caspase-1 was significantly increased; however, its effects on GSDMD and GSDMD-N were significantly decreased. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and its effector proteins GSDME and GSDME-N significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the aqueous extract of E. sagittatum induces liver injury in ICR mice after three months of intragastric injection via inflammatory pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuxia Zhai
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Likang Sun
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Liu SP, Li YF, Zhang D, Li CY, Dai XF, Lan DF, Cai J, Zhou H, Song T, Zhao YY, He ZX, Tan J, Zhang JD. Pharmacological actions of the bioactive compounds of Epimedium on the male reproductive system: current status and future perspective. Asian J Androl 2024:00129336-990000000-00204. [PMID: 38978290 DOI: 10.4103/aja20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium, icariin, and its metabolites (icaritin, icariside I, and icariside II), which have similar molecular structures. Modern pharmacological research and clinical practice have proved that Epimedium and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in improving sexual function, hormone regulation, anti-osteoporosis, immune function regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor activity. To date, we still need a comprehensive source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of Epimedium and its bioactive compounds on the male reproductive system. However, their actions in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. This review critically focuses on the Epimedium, its bioactive compounds, and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that modulate vital pathways associated with the male reproductive system. Such intrinsic knowledge will significantly further studies on the Epimedium and its bioactive compounds that protect the male reproductive system and provide some guidances for clinical treatment of related male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Po Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Zunyi Medical University Library, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Dai
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dong-Feng Lan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ji Cai
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ji-Dong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Sun E, Li X, Xu F, Li M, Ding K, Wang L, Wei Y, Jia X. Characterization of metabolites of sagittatoside B in rats using UPLC-QTOF-MS spectrometry. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2272-2281. [PMID: 36724800 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2172006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sagittatoside B is one of the principal diglucosides in Herba Epimedii. In this work, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was applied to the rapid analysis of sagittatoside B metabolites in rats after oral administration. A total number of 17 metabolites were detected or tentatively identified from rat plasma, bile, urine and feces. The major metabolic pathways of sagittatoside B in rats were hydrolysis, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, demethylation, decarbonylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid and different sugars. This work revealed the metabolism of sagittatoside B in vivo, and reported the characteristic metabolic reactions of sagittatoside B for the first time. This provided the basis for the further research and development of sagittatoside B, and also provided reference for the metabolism of active flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhu X, Wen S, Gul H, Xu P, Yang Y, Liao X, Ye Y, Xu Z, Zhang X, Wu L. Exploring regulatory network of icariin synthesis in Herba Epimedii through integrated omics analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1409601. [PMID: 38933461 PMCID: PMC11203402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii's leaves are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine for their substantial concentration of flavonoids, which play a crucial role in manifesting the plant's therapeutic properties. This study investigated the metabolomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of leaves from two Herba Epimedii cultivars, Epipremnum sagittatum (J) and Epipremnum pubescens (R), at three different developmental stages. Metabolite identification and analysis revealed a total of 1,412 and 1,421 metabolites with known structures were found. Flavonoids made up of 33%, including 10 significant accumulated icariin analogues. Transcriptomic analysis unveiled totally 41,644 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) containing five encoded genes participated in icariin biosynthesis pathways. Totally, 9,745 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found, including Cluster-47248.2.p1 (UDP-glucuronosy/UDP-glucosyltransferase), Cluster-30441.2.p1 (O-glucosyltransferase), and Cluster-28344.9.p1 (anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2 "-O-glucosyltransferase-like) through proteomics analysis which are involved to icariin biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) assay exhibited, totally 12 proteins showing a strong relationship of false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 with these three proteins containing 2 leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase-like protein SRF7, and 5 methyl jasmonate esterase 1. Multi-omics connection networks uncovered 237 DEGs and 72 DEPs exhibited significant associations with the 10 icariin analogues. Overall, our integrated omics approach provides comprehensive insights into the regulatory network underlying icariin synthesis in Herba Epimedii, offering valuable resources for further research and development in medicinal plant cultivation and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zhu
- Fuling Academy of Southwest University/Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hameed Gul
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Fuling Academy of Southwest University/Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximei Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunling Ye
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Fuling Academy of Southwest University/Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Fuling Academy of Southwest University/Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
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Tian S, Lv X, Li M, Tang Q, Huang H, Hu S, Li F, Xu Y. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. from distinct locations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1424956. [PMID: 38919822 PMCID: PMC11196779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1424956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. (ESM) which accumulates several principal flavonoid compounds including epimedin A, B, C and icariin, is extensively utilized in traditional herbs for sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis etc. In China, ESM has a wealth of wild plant resources and characterized by significant variability in medicinal compounds accumulation. Understanding the diversity of ESMs can lead to better utilization of these plant resources. In this study, we integrated the metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of three ESMs that originated in Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi in China. Results showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis as well as the related gene expression in these ESMs revealed substantial differences. For example, the epimedin A, B, C and icariin as well as some related gene expression in ESMs from Anhui are significantly lower than those of in others. These results suggested that the ESMs from wild population without quality checkout may not be suitable for directly use as the materials for preparation of Chinese medicine and ESMs with different accumulation of metabolites could be used for distinct applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanqin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Chen S, Zou R, Si J, Shi Q, Zhang L, Kang L, Ni J, Sha D. Icariin inhibits apoptosis in OGD-induced neurons by regulating M2 pyruvate kinase. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:535-541. [PMID: 38706972 PMCID: PMC11070241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischaemic stroke can lead to many complications, but treatment options are limited. Icariin is a traditional Chinese medicine with reported neuroprotective effects against ischaemic cerebral injury; however, the underlying mechanisms by which icariin ameliorates cell apoptosis require further study. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of icariin after ischaemic stroke and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods N2a neuronal cells were used to create an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. The effects of icariin on OGD cells were assessed using the CCK-8 kit to detect the survival of cells and based on the concentration, apoptosis markers, inflammation markers, and M2 pyruvate kinase isoenzyme (PKM2) expression were detected using western blotting, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we used the PKM2 agonist TEPP-46 and detected apoptosis-related proteins. Results We demonstrated that icariin alleviated OGD-induced apoptosis in vitro. The expression levels of the apoptosis marker proteins caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, icariin reduced inflammation and downregulated the expression of PKM2. Moreover, activation of the PKM2 by pretreatment with the PKM2 agonist TEPP-46 enhanced the effects on OGD induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Conclusion This study elucidated the underlying mechanism of PKM2 in OGD-induced cell apoptosis and highlighted the potential of icariin in the treatment of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Renfang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Si
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianzhi Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dujuan Sha
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Nakashima K, Miyashita H, Yoshimitsu H, Fujiwara Y, Nagai R, Ikeda T. Prenylflavonoids isolated from Epimedii Herba show inhibition activity against advanced glycation end-products. Front Chem 2024; 12:1407934. [PMID: 38882216 PMCID: PMC11176478 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1407934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As inhibitors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as pyridoxamine, significantly inhibit the development of retinopathy and neuropathy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, treatment with AGE inhibitors is believed to be a potential strategy for the prevention of aging, age-related diseases, and lifestyle-related diseases, including diabetic complications. In the present study, the MeOH extract of Epimedii Herba (EH; aerial parts of Epimedium spp.) was found to inhibit the formation of N ε -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and N ω -(carboxymethyl) arginine (CMA) during the incubation of collagen-derived gelatin with ribose. Materials and methods: EH was purchased from Uchida Wakan-yaku Co., and a MeOH extract was prepared. Several steps of column chromatography purified the extract. Each fraction was tested for inhibitory activity by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies for CML and CMA. Results: After activity-guided fractionation and purification by column chromatography, three new prenylflavonoids [named Koreanoside L (1), Koreanoside E1 (2), and Koreanoside E2 (3)] and 40 known compounds (4-43) were isolated from EH, and their inhibitory effects against CML and CMA formation were tested. Among these, epimedokoreanin B (8), epimedonin E (21), epicornunin B (22), and epicornunin F (24) inhibited the formation of both CML and CMA, with epimedokoreanin B (8) having the most potent inhibitory effect among the isolated compounds. To obtain the structure-activity relationships of 8, the phenolic hydroxy groups of 8 were methylated by trimethylsilyl-diazomethane to afford the partially and completely methylated compounds of 8. Prenyl derivatives of propolis (artepillin C, baccharin, and drupanin) were used in the assay. Discussion: As only 8 showed significant activity among these compounds, the catechol group of the B ring and the two prenyl groups attached to the flavanone skeleton were essential for activity. These data suggest that 8 could prevent the clinical complications of diabetes and age-related diseases by inhibiting AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Liu S, An X, Xu C, Guo B, Li X, Chen C, He D, Xu D, Li Y. Exploring the dynamic adaptive responses of Epimedium pubescens to phosphorus deficiency by Integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:480. [PMID: 38816792 PMCID: PMC11138043 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus, a crucial macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. Due to widespread phosphorus deficiency in soils, phosphorus deficiency stress has become one of the major abiotic stresses that plants encounter. Despite the evolution of adaptive mechanisms in plants to address phosphorus deficiency, the specific strategies employed by species such as Epimedium pubescens remain elusive. Therefore, this study observed the changes in the growth, physiological reponses, and active components accumulation in E. pubescensunder phosphorus deficiency treatment, and integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis, so as to offer comprehensive insights into the adaptive mechanisms employed by E. pubescens in response to phosphorus deficiency across various stages of phosphorus treatment. Remarkably, our findings indicate that phosphorus deficiency induces root growth stimulation in E. pubescens, while concurrently inhibiting the growth of leaves, which are of medicinal value. Surprisingly, this stressful condition results in an augmented accumulation of active components in the leaves. During the early stages (30 days), leaves respond by upregulating genes associated with carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling. This adaptive response facilitates energy production, ROS scavenging, and morphological adjustments to cope with short-term phosphorus deficiency and sustain its growth. As time progresses (90 days), the expression of genes related to phosphorus cycling and recycling in leaves is upregulated, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation (miRNA regulation and protein modification) is enhanced. Simultaneously, plant growth is further suppressed, and it gradually begins to discard and decompose leaves to resist the challenges of long-term phosphorus deficiency stress and sustain survival. In conclusion, our study deeply and comprehensively reveals adaptive strategies utilized by E. pubescens in response to phosphorus deficiency, demonstrating its resilience and thriving potential under stressful conditions. Furthermore, it provides valuable information on potential target genes for the cultivation of E. pubescens genotypes tolerant to low phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangnian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing An
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 10063, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Dongmei He
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - De Xu
- Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dazhou, 635000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dazhou, 635000, China
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29
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Dong H, Tang F, Zhao Z, Huang W, Wan X, Hong Z, Liu Y, Dong X, Chen S. The Bioactive Compounds of Epimedium and Their Potential Mechanism of Action in Treating Osteoporosis: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:706. [PMID: 38931373 PMCID: PMC11206986 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global health challenge characterized by bone loss and microstructure deterioration, which urgently requires the development of safer and more effective treatments due to the significant adverse effects and limitations of existing drugs for long-term treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine, like Epimedium, offers fewer side effects and has been used to treat osteoporosis, yet its active compounds and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 65 potential active compounds, 258 potential target proteins, and 488 pathways of Epimedium were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Further network analysis and review of the literature identified six potential active compounds and HIF-1α for subsequent experimental validation. In vitro experiments confirmed that 2″-O-RhamnosylIcariside II is the most effective compound among the six potential active compounds. It can promote osteoblast differentiation, bind with HIF-1α, and inhibit both HIF-1α gene and protein expression, as well as enhance COL1A1 protein expression under hypoxic conditions. In vivo experiments demonstrated its ability to improve bone microstructures and reduce bone loss by decreasing bone marrow adipose tissue, enhancing bone formation, and suppressing HIF-1α protein expression. This study is the first to describe the therapeutic effects of 2-O-RhamnosylIcariside II on osteoporosis, which was done, specifically, through a mechanism that targets and inhibits HIF-1α. This study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of Epimedium and offers a new candidate drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. Additionally, it provides new evidence supporting HIF-1α as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fen Tang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zilu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyang Wan
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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30
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Wang X, Wu L, Yu M, Wang H, He L, Hu Y, Li Z, Zheng Y, Peng B. Exploring the molecular mechanism of Epimedium for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10877-x. [PMID: 38734868 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic disease that causes inflammation and bone formation in the spine. Despite significant advances in treatment, adverse side effects have triggered research into natural compounds. Epimedium (EP) is a traditional Chinese herb with a variety of pharmacological activities, including antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities; however, its direct effects on AS treatment and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been systematically studied. Thus, here, we used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the targets of EP for treating AS. We constructed an interaction network to elucidate the complex relationship between EP and AS. Sixteen active ingredients in EP were screened; 80 potential targets were identified. In particular, 8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-phenylchromone, anhydroicaritin, and luteolin were the core components and TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP9, and PTGS2 were the core targets. The GO and KEGG analyses indicated that EP may modulate multiple biological processes and pathways, including the AGE-RAGE, TNF, NF-κB/MAPK, and TLR signaling pathways, for AS treatment. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed good affinity between the active components and core targets of EP, with stable binding within 100 nanoseconds. In particular, 8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-phenylchromone possessed the highest free energy of binding to PTGS2 and TNF (-115.575 and - 87.676 kcal/mol, respectively). Thus, EP may affect AS through multiple pathways, including the alleviation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. In summary, we identified the active components and potential targets of EP, highlighting new strategies for the further experimental validation and exploration of lead compounds for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lijiao Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Maobin Yu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Langyu He
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yilang Hu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Zhaosen Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yuqin Zheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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31
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Wu F, Huang X, Chai X, Yang L. Transcriptome Analysis on the Quality of Epimedium koreanum in Different Soil Moisture Conditions at Harvesting Stage. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:528. [PMID: 38790157 PMCID: PMC11120683 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epimedium koreanum is a traditional Chinese tonic herb. Its main medicinal components are secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and flavonol glycosides, but the biosynthetic mechanism is still unclear. Moisture conditions are a key environmental factor affecting E. koreanum medicinal components during harvesting. Different stages of E. koreanum under natural conditions after rainfall were selected to study changes in physiological properties, herb quality, and transcriptome. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in the D3 stage after rainfall, and protective enzyme levels also rose. Additionally, the flavonol glycoside content was relatively high. We sequenced the transcriptomes of D1, D3, and D9 (R) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to flavonoid synthesis. This analysis allowed us to predict the roadmap and key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis for E. koreanum. These results suggest that the E. koreanum quality can be enhanced by natural drought conditions in the soil after precipitation during harvest. The harvesting period of E. koreanum is optimal when soil moisture naturally dries to a relative water content of 26% after precipitation. These conditions help E. koreanum tolerate a certain level of water scarcity, resulting in increased expression of flavonoid-related genes and ultimately enhancing the quality of the herb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Limin Yang
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management of Jilin Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (F.W.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
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32
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Mohammadzadeh M, Zarei M, Abbasi H, Webster TJ, Beheshtizadeh N. Promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration employing icariin-loaded nanoplatforms. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:29. [PMID: 38649969 PMCID: PMC11036660 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for innovative strategies that effectively promote osteogenesis and enhance bone regeneration. The critical process of bone regeneration involves the transformation of mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts and the subsequent mineralization of the extracellular matrix, making up the complex mechanism of osteogenesis. Icariin's diverse pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and osteogenic effects, have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research. Icariin, known for its ability to stimulate bone formation, has been found to encourage the transformation of mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts and improve the subsequent process of mineralization. Several studies have demonstrated the osteogenic effects of icariin, which can be attributed to its hormone-like function. It has been found to induce the expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 mRNAs in osteoblasts and significantly upregulate Osx at low doses. Additionally, icariin promotes bone formation by stimulating the expression of pre-osteoblastic genes like Osx, RUNX2, and collagen type I. However, icariin needs to be effectively delivered to bone to perform such promising functions.Encapsulating icariin within nanoplatforms holds significant promise for promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration through a range of intricate biological effects. When encapsulated in nanofibers or nanoparticles, icariin exerts its effects directly at the cellular level. Recalling that inflammation is a critical factor influencing bone regeneration, icariin's anti-inflammatory effects can be harnessed and amplified when encapsulated in nanoplatforms. Also, while cell adhesion and cell migration are pivotal stages of tissue regeneration, icariin-loaded nanoplatforms contribute to these processes by providing a supportive matrix for cellular attachment and movement. This review comprehensively discusses icariin-loaded nanoplatforms used for bone regeneration and osteogenesis, further presenting where the field needs to go before icariin can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Zarei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Program in Materials Science, UFPI, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Luo P, An Y, He J, Xing X, Zhang Q, Liu X, Chen Y, Yuan H, Chen J, Wong YK, Huang J, Gong Z, Du Q, Xiao W, Wang J. Icaritin with autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors synergistically enhances anticancer efficacy and apoptotic effects through PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216621. [PMID: 38242198 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the deadliest malignancies worldwide and still a pressing clinical problem. Icaritin, a natural compound obtained from the Epimedium genus plant, has garnered significant attention as a potential therapeutic drug for HCC therapies. Mitophagy plays a crucial role in mitochondrial quality control through efficiently eliminating damaged mitochondria. However, the specific mechanisms of the interplay between mitophagy and apoptosis in HCC is still unclear. We aimed to explore the cross-talk between icaritin-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in HCC cells and investigate its potential mechanisms. Firstly, we confirmed that icaritin inhibits proliferation and migration while inducing mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HCC cells. Secondly, based on proteomics analysis, we discovered that icaritin inhibits the growth of tumor cells and disrupts their mitochondrial homeostasis through the regulation of both mitophagy and apoptosis. Thirdly, icaritin causes mitophagy mediated by PINK1-Parkin signaling via regulating feedforward loop. Furthermore, knockdown of PINK1/Parkin leads to inhibition of mitophagy, which promotes cell death induced by icaritin in HCC cells. Finally, autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors remarkably enhance icaritin-induced cell death and anticancer efficacy. Collectively, our findings reveal that icaritin suppresses growth, proliferation and migration of HCC cell through induction of mitophagy and apoptosis, while inhibition of mitophagy significantly increased the anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic effects of icaritin, indicating that targeting autophagy or mitophagy is a novel approach to overcome drug resistance and enhance anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yehai An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jingqian He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xuefeng Xing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Kwan Wong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Qingfeng Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Gu Y, Hu ZF, Zheng DW, Yang YQ, Dong XL, Chen WF. Baohuoside I suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via targeting GPER to fight against Parkinson's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155435. [PMID: 38394727 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates the crucial role of microglia-mediated inflammation and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Baohuoside I, a natural flavonoid extracted from Herba Epimedii, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects, but its potential neuroprotective effects and mechanism against PD have not been documented. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of Baohuoside I were evaluated by LPS-induced BV2 cells or primary microglia isolated from wide type or G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) gene knockout mice. The underlying mechanism related to GPER-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition was further explored using LPS-induced GPER+/+ or GPER-/- mouse models of PD. The neuroprotective effects of Baohuoside I were detected through western blot analysis, real-time PCR, molecular docking, mouse behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Baohuoside I significantly alleviated LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signal and the increase of pyroptosis levels as evidenced by the downregulated expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, pro-Caspase-1, IL-1β) in microglia cells. Intragastric administration of Baohuoside I protected against LPS-induced motor dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions, and inhibited microglial (Iba-1) and astrocyte (GFAP) activation in the nigrostriatal pathway in LPS-induced mouse model of PD. Pretreatment with GPER antagonist G15 in microglia cells or GPER gene deletion in mice significantly blocked the inhibitory effects of Baohuoside I on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and activation of the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. Molecular docking further indicated that Baohuoside I might bind to GPER directly with a binding energy of -10.4 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION Baohuoside I provides neuroprotective effects against PD by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signal and NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. The molecular target for its anti-inflammatory effects is proved to be GPER in the PD mouse model. Baohuoside I may be a valuable anti-neuroinflammatory agent and a drug with well-defined target for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zi-Fan Hu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dan-Wen Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Reyes-Hernández OD, Figueroa-González G, Quintas-Granados LI, Hernández-Parra H, Peña-Corona SI, Cortés H, Kipchakbayeva A, Mukazhanova Z, Habtemariam S, Leyva-Gómez G, Büsselberg D, Sharifi-Rad J. New insights into the anticancer therapeutic potential of icaritin and its synthetic derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22175. [PMID: 38567708 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Icaritin is a natural prenylated flavonoid derived from the Chinese herb Epimedium. The compound has shown antitumor effects in various cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Icaritin exerts its anticancer activity by modulating multiple signaling pathways, such as IL-6/JAK/STAT3, ER-α36, and NF-κB, affecting the tumor microenvironment and immune system. Several clinical trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of icaritin in advanced HCC patients with poor prognoses, who are unsuitable for conventional therapies. The results have demonstrated that icaritin can improve survival, delay progression, and produce clinical benefits in these patients, with a favorable safety profile and minimal adverse events. Moreover, icaritin can enhance the antitumor immune response by regulating the function and phenotype of various immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, MDSCs, neutrophils, and macrophages. These findings suggest that icaritin is a promising candidate for immunotherapy in HCC and other cancers. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and optimal dosing regimens of icaritin and its potential synergistic effects with other agents. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the scientific literature aims to summarize advances in the knowledge of icaritin in preclinical and clinical studies as well as the pharmacokinetic, metabolism, toxicity, and mechanisms action to recognize the main challenge, gaps, and opportunities to develop a medication that cancer patients can use. Thus, our main objective was to clarify the current state of icaritin for use as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Cuautepec, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México. Ciudad de México, México, México
| | - Hector Hernández-Parra
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Aliya Kipchakbayeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhazira Mukazhanova
- Higher School of IT and Natural Sciences, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, London, UK
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Shi Y, Lu Z, Song W, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Geng P, Zhou Y, Wang S, Han A. The Impact of Baohuoside I on the Metabolism of Tofacitinib in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:931-939. [PMID: 38560524 PMCID: PMC10980839 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s436549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the potential drug-drug interactions between tofacitinib and baohuoside I and to provide the scientific basis for rational use of them in clinical practice. Methods A total of eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, single-dose group (receiving a single dose of 20 mg/kg of baohuoside I), and multi-dose group (receiving multiple doses of baohuoside I for 7 days). On the seventh day, each rat was orally administered with 10 mg/kg of tofacitinib 30 minutes after giving baohuoside I or vehicle. Blood samples were collected and determined using UPLC-MS/MS. In vitro effects of baohuoside I on tofacitinib was investigated in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), as well as the underlying mechanism of inhibition. The semi-inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of baohuoside I was subsequently determined and its inhibitory mechanism against tofacitinib was analyzed. Furthermore, the interactions between baohuoside I, tofacitinib and CYP3A4 were explored using Pymol molecular docking simulation. Results The administration of baohuoside I orally has been observed to enhance the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of tofacitinib and decrease the clearance (CL). The observed disparity between the single-dose and multi-dose groups was statistically significant. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the impact of baohuoside I on tofacitinib metabolism may be a mixture of non-competitive and competitive inhibition. Baohuoside I exhibit an interaction with arginine (ARG) at position 106 of the CYP3A4 enzyme through hydrogen bonding, positioning itself closer to the site of action compared to tofacitinib. Conclusion Our study has demonstrated the presence of drug-drug interactions between baohuoside I and tofacitinib, which may arise upon pre-administration of tofacitinib. Altogether, our data indicated that an interaction existed between tofacitinib and baohuoside I and additional cares might be taken when they were co-administrated in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Shi
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zebei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aixia Han
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou J, Sun F, Zhang W, Feng Z, Yang Y, Mei Z. Novel insight into the therapeutical potential of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352760. [PMID: 38487170 PMCID: PMC10937431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major contributor to poor prognosis of ischemic stroke. Flavonoids are a broad family of plant polyphenols which are abundant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have beneficial effects on several diseases including ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have indicated that flavonoids derived from herbal TCM are effective in alleviating CIRI after ischemic stroke in vitro or in vivo, and exhibit favourable therapeutical potential. Herein, we systematically review the classification, metabolic absorption, neuroprotective efficacy, and mechanisms of TCM flavonoids against CIRI. The literature suggest that flavonoids exert potential medicinal functions including suppressing excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overloading, oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombin's cellular toxicity, different types of programmed cell deaths, and protecting the blood-brain barrier, as well as promoting neurogenesis in the recovery stage following ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we identified certain matters that should be taken into account in future research, as well as proposed difficulties and opportunities in transforming TCM-derived flavonoids into medications or functional foods for the treatment or prevention of CIRI. Overall, in this review we aim to provide novel ideas for the identification of new prospective medication candidates for the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Sun X, Li Y, Li J, Liang H, Zhang J, Chen X, Li Q, Pang X, Ding Q, Song J, Guo B, Ma B. Bioactive metabolites reveal the therapeutic consistency of epimedii folium from multi-plant sources for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117215. [PMID: 37774896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epimedii Folium (Yin-yang-huo in Chinese), a traditional and commonly used herbal medicine (HM), is a representative of multi-plant sources. To date, little is known about the reasons for similar therapeutic effects of this HM from multi-plant sources. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the underlying reasons for the similar pharmacological effects of Epimedii Folium from two botanical sources (Epimedium koreanum Nakai and Epimedium wushanense T. S. Ying). MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the phytochemicals of the extracts of E. koreanum and E. wushanense were systematically analyzed. Meanwhile, their pharmacological effects on kidney-yang deficiency (KYD) syndrome were evaluated in rats induced by hydrocortisone. Subsequently, we proposed a combined effect index (CEI) to assess the effects of two plants on the secretion of testosterone by combing the system exposure of twelve active components in vivo with their regulation activities of testosterone production in vitro. Moreover, the label-free proteomics and Western blot analysis were conducted to evaluate the possible mechanism of Epimedii Folium from two botanical sources. RESULTS E. koreanum and E. wushanense exhibited similar pharmacological effects on KYD syndrome with promoting the mating behaviors and testosterone levels of rats, although there is a certain difference in the main components between two plants. The CEI analysis showed that there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the sum of CEIs of two Epimedium, indicating that their similar therapeutic effects are attributed to bioactive metabolites in vivo. Furthermore, Epimedii Folium can regulate testosterone production in rat Leydig cell via reversing expressions of key steroidogenic enzymes, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). CONCLUSION Our results supply critical evidence for the similar pharmacological effects of two Epimedium species, acting by consistent bioactive components directly exposing in vivo, not chemical compositions presenting in herbs. It provides a reasonable scientific basis for understanding of the HMs originated from multi-plant sources for the same clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yingfei Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Haizhen Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qianzhi Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Juan Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Baolin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Chen W, Liu G, Zhang Y. Production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II by snailase hydrolysis of Epimedium wushanense extracts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23805. [PMID: 38192750 PMCID: PMC10772167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhamnosyl Icariside II is a rare secondary flavonoid glycoside isolated from Epimedium L. plants. It has better stability and physiological activity than the primary flavonoid glycosides of Epimedium L., therefore, conversion of the primary flavonoid glycoside into Rhamnosyl Icariside II would be desirable. In this study, a method for the enzymatic production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II from the total flavonoids of Epimedium wushanense was established, and the conditions were optimized. Six commercial enzymes were screened, and the reaction conditions for the best enzyme were optimized. Snailase was the most effective hydrolase, and the highest yield was obtained under the optimized conditions. To facilitate industrial production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II, a scaled-up pilot test was performed. The reaction solution was extracted with n-butanol to obtain the Rhamnosyl Icariside II crude product, which was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography and preparative chromatography. Finally, a product of Rhamnosyl Icariside II with purity of 99.1 % was achieved, in a total yield of 46.8 %. Compared to direct extraction and acid hydrolysis, this method improves the product yield and purity, which is of great significance for the large-scale production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II. This study provides a basis for the physiological activity study of Rhamnosyl Icariside II, and offers possibilities for future applications in the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Gege Liu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Eecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong, 723000, China
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Qian HQ, Wu DC, Li CY, Liu XR, Han XK, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zhao BY, Zhao Y. A systematic review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116957. [PMID: 37544344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epimedium koreanum Nakai (E. koreanum), a member of the genus Epimedium in the family Berberidaceae, is a well-known and well-liked traditional herb used as a "kidney tonic". For thousands of years, it has been utilized for renal yang deficiency, impotence, spermatorrhea, impotence, weakness of tendons and bones, rheumatic paralysis and discomfort, numbness, and constriction. AIM OF THE STUDY The paper aims to comprehensively in-depth, and methodically review the most recent research on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of E. koreanum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, ScienceDirect, Baidu Scholar, and CNKI and medicine books in China were searched for relevant information on E. koreanum. RESULTS In traditional uses, E. koreanum is frequently used to treat various diseases like erectile dysfunction, infertility, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, asthma, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, etc. To date, more than 379 compounds have been discovered from various parts of E. koreanum, including flavonoids, lignans, organic acids, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, alkaloids, and others. Research has revealed that the compounds and crude extracts have a wide range of pharmacological effects on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and nervous systems, as well as anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and antiviral properties. Besides, the crude extracts show potential hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Based on recent domestic and international research investigations, E. koreanum contains a wealth of chemical components with pronounced pharmacological activities. Its traditional uses are numerous, and the majority of these traditional uses have been supported by contemporary pharmacological investigations. Crude extracts, on the other hand, can result in hepatotoxicity. Therefore, additional in vivo and in vitro experimental research on the pharmacology and toxicology of E. koreanum are required in the future to assess its safety and efficacy. This will give a firmer scientific foundation for its safe application and the development of new drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Qian
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Dou-Can Wu
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xin-Ke Han
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Bing-Yan Zhao
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Morovati MR, Joshi T, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals as treatment for allergic asthma: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155149. [PMID: 37890444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease caused by the immune system's reaction to allergens, inflammation and narrowing of the airways, and the production of more than normal mucus. One of the main reasons is an increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs that leads to the appearance of symptoms of asthma, including inflammation and shortness of breath. On the other hand, it has been proven that phytochemicals with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can be useful in improving allergic asthma. PURPOSE Common chemical treatments for allergic asthma include corticosteroids, which have many side effects and temporarily relieve symptoms but are not a cure. Therefore, taking the help of natural compounds to improve the quality of life of asthmatic patients can be a valuable issue that has been evaluated in the present review. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane) with the keywords: allergic asthma, phytochemical, plant, and herb were evaluated. The primary result was 5307 articles. Non-English, repetitive, and review articles were deleted from the study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Finally, after carefully reading the articles, 102 were included in the study (2006-2022). The results of this review state that phytochemicals suppress the inflammatory pathways via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines production/secretion, genes, and proteins involved in the inflammation process, reducing oxidative stress indicators and symptoms of allergic asthma, such as cough and mucus production in the lungs. CONCLUSION With their antioxidant effects, this study concluded that phytochemicals suppress cytokines and other inflammatory indicators and thus can be considered an adjunctive treatment for improving allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morovati
- Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University (Nainital), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ina Yosifova Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Liu M, Chen R, Wang T, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Huang G, Huang J, Qu Q, Lv W, Guo S. Dietary Chinese herbal mixture supplementation improves production performance by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103201. [PMID: 37980727 PMCID: PMC10692728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbs have been used as feed additives and are commonly utilized in domestic intensive livestock farming. However, their impact on the production performance and intestinal health of broiler breeders has yet to be thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Chinese herbal mixture (CHM) on the production performance of broiler breeders in terms of reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders. A total of 336 thirty-wk-old hens were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates of fourteen hens each, which fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 500 (CHM500), 1,000 (CHM1000), and 1,500 (CHM1500) mg/kg CHM for 56 days, respectively. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CHM1000 increased the laying rate and number of SYF and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). All CHM groups increased oviduct and ovarian indexes, serum E2 and T-AOC levels, and decreased serum TG and MDA levels compared with CON (P < 0.05). In comparison to the CON group, the CHM1000 and CHM1500 groups increased serum ALB, IgM, and IL-10 levels, whereas the CHM1000 group also increased serum TP and SOD levels, and the CHM1500 group increased serum P and decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.05). The addition of CHM increased FSHR expressions in the ovary, Claudin-1 expressions in the jejunum, and SOD1 expressions in the liver and ovary, but decreased the mRNA expressions of INH in the ovary as well as IL-2 and IL-6 expressions in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, CHM500 and CHM1000 groups increased CAT, GPx, and HO-1 expression in the ovary, and SOD1 and GPx expression in the jejunum, while decreasing IL-17A expression in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In addition, CHM1000 and CHM1500 groups increased villus height, VCR, and the mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 in the jejunum, and IL-10 expression in the ovary, while decreasing IL-2 and IL-17A expression in the ovary, in addition to increasing GPx, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and IL-10 expression in the liver (P < 0.05). Supplementation with CHM1000 increased ESR-α, ESR-β, GnRH, Nrf2, and NQO1 expression in the ovary, but decreased IFN-γ expression in the ovary as well as crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Supplementing CHM1500 increased NQO1 and ZO-1 expression in the jejunum and decreased IL-2 in the liver (P < 0.05). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that dietary CHM1000 supplementation altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by the regulation of the genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. PICRUSt analysis revealed that metabolic pathways of bacterial chemotaxis, butanoate metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were enriched in the CHM1000 group. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the differentiated genera were significantly associated with the production performance, serum hormone, and gut barrier-related genes. Taken together, supplementation of CHM, especially at 1,000 mg/kg, could improve production performance by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders, and maybe provide insights into its application as a potential feed additive to promote the performance of broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tianze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yinwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gengxiong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jieyi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Yang J, Fan S, Guo M, Xie Z, Cheng Q, Gao P, Cheng C. DNA barcoding and comparative RNA-Seq analysis provide new insights into leaf formation using a novel resource of high-yielding Epimedium koreanum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1290836. [PMID: 38170141 PMCID: PMC10760978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1290836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium koreanum Nakai, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used to treat osteoporosis and sexual dysfunction for thousands of years. However, due to the decreasing population of East Asian natural resources, yearly output of Epimedium crude herb has been in low supply year by year. In this study, an unusual variety of E. koreanum was discovered in Dunhua, Jilin Province, the northernmost area where this variety was found containing 6 individuals, with three branches that had 27 leaflets, which is much more than the typical leaflet number of 9. Firstly, the novel E. koreanum varety was identified using DNA barcodes. Then, 1171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered through parallel RNA-seq analysis between the newly discovered variety and wild type (WT) E. koreanum plant. Furthermore, the results of bioinformatics investigation revealed that 914 positively and 619 negatively correlated genes associated with the number of leaflets. Additionally, based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis, two homologous hub TCP genes, which were commonly implicated in plant leaf development, and shown to be up regulated and down regulated in the discovered newly variety, respectively. Thus, our study discovered a novel wild resource for leaf yield rewarding medicinal Epimedium plant breeding, provided insights into the relationship between plant compound leaf formation and gene expression of TCPs transcription factors and other gene candidates, providing bases for creating high yield cultivated Epimedium variety by using further molecular selection and breeding techniques in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Siqing Fan
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Min Guo
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xie
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Qiqing Cheng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Puxin Gao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Chunsong Cheng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu M, Huang J, Ma M, Huang G, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Qu Q, Lv W, Guo S. Effects of dietary Chinese herbal mixtures on productive performance, egg quality, immune status, caecal and offspring meconial microbiota of Wenchang breeder hens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1320469. [PMID: 38162476 PMCID: PMC10755868 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1320469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal mixtures (CHMs) on productive performance, egg quality, immune status, anti-apoptosis ability, caecal microbiota, and offspring meconial microbiota in hens. A total of 168 thirty-week-old Wenchang breeder hens were randomly divided into two groups, with each group comprising six replicate pens of fourteen hens. The groups were fed a basal diet (CON group) and a basal diet with 1,000 mg/kg CHMs (CHMs group) for 10 weeks. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CHMs increased the laying rate, average egg weight, hatch of fertile, and offspring chicks' weight while concurrently reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and embryo mortality (p < 0.05). The addition of CHMs resulted in significant improvements in various egg quality parameters, including eggshell strength, albumen height, haugh unit, and the content of docosatetraenoic acid (C20:4n-6) in egg yolk (p < 0.05). The supplementation of CHMs had a greater concentration of IgA and IgG while decreasing the content of IL-6 in serum compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Addition of CHMs to the diet increased the expression of Bcl-2 and IL-4 in liver and ovary, decreased the expression of IL-1β, Bax, and Caspase-8 in jejunum and ovary, and decreased the expression of NF-κB in liver, jejunum, and ovary (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CHMs reduced the abundance of Desulfovibrio in caecal microbiota as well as decreased the abundance of Staphylococcaceae_Staphylococcus and Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas in the offspring meconial microbiota (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the CHMs could improve productive parameters by enhancing immune status, anti-apoptosis capacity, and modulating the caecal microbiota of Wenchang breeder hens, as well as maintaining the intestinal health of the offspring chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxiong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang K, Yang K, Yan L, Feng L. Anti-inflammatory effects of icariin in the acute and chronic phases of the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176141. [PMID: 37866741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia made a significant contribution in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Icariin (ICA), a bioactive ingredient isolated from Epimedium, has been shown to present both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was to explore the potential therapeutic effects of icariin on mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy and its underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. To this end, we firstly measured the serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and found that patients with a higher seizure frequency showed correspondingly higher inflammatory reaction. Mouse pharmacokinetic study, transmembrane transportation assay, and cell viability assay collectively demonstrated that ICA was able to cross the blood-brain barrier and has good biocompatibility. The acute and chronic epilepsy models were next established in a pilocarpine mouse model of acquired epilepsy. Icariin has been identified that it could cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the hippocampus to exhibit therapeutic effects. ICA treatment dramatically promoted microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype in epilepsy mice both in the acute and chronic phases. Reduced release of M1-associated proinflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and IL-6, corroborates the altered glial cell polarization. Furthermore, ICA alleviated seizure intensity and mortality in acute phase epileptic mice. Models in the chronic group also showed improved general condition, cognition ability, and memory function after ICA treatment. Taken together, our research strongly suggested that icariin has the potential to treat epilepsy via inhibiting neuroinflammation by promoting microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yuanxia Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kaiyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Luzhe Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Jiangxi Branch), Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China.
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Wilson G, Yang L, Su X, Ding S, Li L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang W, Sa Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1410-1444. [PMID: 37906390 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids make up the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The components of the ECS are proven to modulate a vast bulk of various physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance throughout the human body. Such discoveries have attracted the researchers' attention and emerged as a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of various diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the discoveries of natural compounds, herbs, herbs formula, and their therapeutic properties in various diseases and disorders by modulating the ECS. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds elicit their properties by interacting with the ECS based on the existing findings. Our study provides the insight into the use of natural compounds that modulate ECS in various diseases and disorders, which in turn may facilitate future studies exploiting natural lead compounds as novel frameworks for designing more effective and safer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuping Sa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Seyhan G, Akkaya D, Kolci K, Reis R, Yazici N, Nur Barut E, Barut B. Insights into the Biological Activity and Cytotoxic Mechanism of Epimedium pubigerum. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301003. [PMID: 37819048 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the phytochemical characterization, biological activity, and cytotoxic mechanism of aerial and rhizome methanol extracts (SME and RME) of Epimedium pubigerum were investigated to demonstrate its potential usage in the treatment of lung cancer. LC-HRMS analysis, total phenolic/flavonoid content assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, DNA interaction, cytotoxicity, and western blotting were investigated using different methods. Fumaric acid was found to be the most abundant compound in both extracts. SME and RME were cytotoxic on A549 cells concentration-dependently. Also, in vitro scratch assay showed that SME and RME led to a significant anti-migratory effect at 1 mg/mL. Cytochrome c, p53, and caspase 3 expression significantly increased in the presence of RME compared to the control. All of these results claimed that RME might be suggested as a theoretically more effective phytotherapeutic agent for lung cancer compared to the effect seen with the SME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Seyhan
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department,61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Didem Akkaya
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department,61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Kübra Kolci
- Acıbadem University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Toxicology Department, 34752, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Toxicology Department, 34755, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rengin Reis
- Acıbadem University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Toxicology Department, 34752, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nurdan Yazici
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy Department, 61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Elif Nur Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department, 61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Burak Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department,61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
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Ma Y, Zhao C, Hu H, Yin S. Liver protecting effects and molecular mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113841. [PMID: 37660725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
As a detoxification and metabolism organ, the liver plays a vital role in human health. However, an excessive consumption of drugs and toxins, exposure to pathogenic viruses, and unhealthy living habits can lead to liver damage, which may even develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. is a traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplement in which the flavonoid icariin is a main functional component. Although the protective mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites against liver injury are not yet comprehensively understood, an increasing number of studies have confirmed their liver-protective and anticancer effects. Indeed, icaritin, one of the metabolites of icariin, is currently utilized as an active component of an anti-cancer drug. This paper presents a review of the molecular mechanisms through which icariin and its metabolites actively protect against the occurrence and development of liver injury, and, thus, provides a comprehensive reference for further research and their application in liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zhuang W, Sun N, Gu C, Liu S, Zheng Y, Wang H, Tong X, Song J. A literature review on Epimedium, a medicinal plant with promising slow aging properties. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21226. [PMID: 38027566 PMCID: PMC10665689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Aging is related to many factors, such as genes, oxidative damage, metabolic abnormalities, immune regulation and sex hormones. This article reviews the pharmacological mechanism of Epimedium on slow aging from six aspects: gene regulation, antioxidant, the regulation of metabolism, the modulation of the immune system, the regulation of sex hormone, and clinical efficacy.Aim of the studyThrough literature review, to discover the potential pharmacological mechanism of Epimedium for slow aging. Materials and methods We reviewed the literature on the applications of Epimedium in multiple systems and the potential underlying mechanisms with systematic and comprehensive illustrations. The review includes the following aspects: gene regulation, antioxidant, the regulation of metabolism, the modulation of the immune system, the regulation of sex hormone, clinical efficacy and safety. Results The slow aging active components of Epimedium may be flavonoids, such as Epimedins A, B, C and icariin The slow aging effect of Epimedium may be related to gene regulation, antioxidant, the regulation of metabolism, the modulation of the immune system, and the regulation of sex hormone. No severe adverse reaction has been reported. Conclusions Epimedium has potential slow aging effect and been widely used in the clinic for aging-related diseases in the real world in China; however, large-scale studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Gerontic Disease Clinical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital,Beijing, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(Futian),Shenzhen, China
| | - Shimeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Zheng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Juexian Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Seong SH, Kim SH, Ryu JH, Jeong JW, Jung HA, Choi JS. Effects of Icariin and Its Metabolites on GPCR Regulation and MK-801-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:7300. [PMID: 37959720 PMCID: PMC10647531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a major bioactive compound found in the Epimedium genus, has been reported to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative disorders. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of icariin and its active metabolites (icariside II and icaritin) against prime G-protein-coupled receptor targets, considering their association with neuronal disorders. Icariside II exhibited selective agonist activity towards the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), with half-maximal effective concentrations of 13.29 μM. Additionally, they effectively inhibited the specific binding of radioligands to D3R. Molecular docking analysis revealed that icariside II potentially exerts its agonistic effect through hydrogen-bonding interaction with Asp110 of the D3R, accompanied by negative binding energy. Conversely, icaritin demonstrated selective antagonist effects on the muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptor (M2R). Radioligand binding assay and molecular docking analysis identified icaritin as an orthosteric ligand for M2R. Furthermore, all three compounds, icariin and its two metabolites, successfully mitigated MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms, including deficits in prepulse inhibition and social interaction, in mice. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of icariin and its metabolites as promising lead structures for the discovery of new drugs targeting cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hui Seong
- Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Seo Hyun Kim
- Division of Research Management, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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