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Wang Y, Huang Y, Ma A, You J, Miao J, Li J. Natural Antioxidants: An Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease at the Early Stage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11854-11870. [PMID: 38743017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recognized by researchers recently, and natural antioxidants have been demonstrated to have anti-AD activity in animal models, such as Ginkgo biloba extract, soy isoflavones, lycopene, and so on. This paper summarized these natural antioxidants and points out that natural antioxidants always have multiple advantages which are help to deal with AD, such as clearing free radicals, regulating signal transduction, protecting mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity. Based on the available data, we have created a relatively complete pathway map of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AD-related targets and concluded that oxidative stress caused by ROS is the core of AD pathogenesis. In the prospect, we introduced the concept of a combined therapeutic strategy, termed "Antioxidant-Promoting Synaptic Remodeling," highlighting the integration of antioxidant interventions with synaptic remodeling approaches as a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Aixia Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jiahe You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jing Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jinyao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
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Ma J, Liu W, Wang X, Lu C, Hao Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Li Y. Cnidium officinale Makino: Phytology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, Pharmacology and Prescriptions (1967-2023). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301639. [PMID: 38062000 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale Makino (COM), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Apiaceous family, widely distribute in Eastern Asia and Asia-Temperate. It has a long history application as a traditional medicine for invigorating the blood and removing blood stasis, and also has been employed to diet, pesticide, herbal bathing materials, the cosmetic and skin care industry. However, there has been no associated review of literature in the past half a century (1967-2023). By searching the international authoritative databases and collecting 229 literatures closely related to COM, herewith a comprehensive and systematic review was conducted. The phytology includes plant distribution and botanical characteristics. The phytochemistry covers 8 major categories, 208 compounds in total, and the quantitative determination of 14 monomer compounds, total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The clinical trial in pregnant women and toxic experiments in mice, the pharmacology of 7 aspects and 82 frequently used prescriptions are summarized. It is expected that this paper will provide forward-looking scientific thinking and literature support for the further modern research, development and utilization of COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zezhuang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269581. [PMID: 37927596 PMCID: PMC10622810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Haridevamuthu B, Raj D, Kesavan D, Muthuraman S, Kumar RS, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Trihydroxy piperlongumine protects aluminium induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish: Behavioral and biochemical approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109600. [PMID: 36889534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is proven to be a potent environmental neurotoxin involved in progressive neurodegeneration. Al primarily induces oxidative stress by free radical generation in the brain, followed by neuronal apoptosis. Antioxidants are promising therapeutic options for Al toxicity. Piperlongumine is traditionally long known for its medicinal properties. Therefore, the present study has been designed to explore the antioxidant role of trihydroxy piperlongumine (THPL) against Al-induced neurotoxicity in the zebrafish model. Zebrafish exposed to AlCl3 exhibited higher oxidative stress and altered locomotion. Adult fish displayed anxiety comorbid with depression phenotype. THPL increases antioxidant enzyme activity by quenching Al-induced free radicals and lipid peroxidation, thus minimizing oxidative damage in the brain. THPL rescues behavior deficits and improves anxiety-like phenotype in adult fish. Histological alterations caused by Al were also attenuated on administration with THPL. Results of the study demonstrate the neuroprotective role of THPL against Al-induced oxidative damage and anxiety, which could be exploited as a psychopharmacological drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. https://twitter.com/haridevamuthub
| | - David Raj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Kesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhou M, Li D, Li L, Zhao P, Yue S, Li X, Du Y, Fan X, Zhang M. Post-stroke treatment of storax improves long-term outcomes of stroke in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114467. [PMID: 34343648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The lack of widely applicable pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke patients has led to a growing interest in traditional medicine. The identification of pharmacologically active components of the clinically used traditional medicine has been considered translationally significant. SuHeXiang Wan is a prescription containing 15 herbs approved by Chinese National Drug Administration (CNDA) for treating ischemic stroke. Storax is one of the main contents in this prescription and is believed to play a significant pharmacological role, which has been used to treat stroke for nearly 1000 years in traditional Chinese medicine. Emerging experimental investigations suggested Storax might be effective for treating ischemic stroke. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to test our hypothesis that post-stroke treatment of Storax can improve long-term outcomes of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (250-280 g) subjected to 2 h of MCAO following reperfusion were treated with Storax by intragastric at 1 h and repeated at 3 h, 6 h after stroke. In the first set experiment, an array of neurological function deficits assessments were tested before and after stroke, brain lesion size was examined at 28 days after ischemia. CD31 and synatophysin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In the second set experiment, markers of proinflammatory activation were determined at 24 h after stroke. ELISA was performed to analyze brain concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and circulating levels of iNOS, ET-1, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine GFAP, IBA-1 and NF-κB p65. RESULTS Storax significantly alleviated neurological deficits from 7 days after stroke and lasted until 28 days, corresponding to the significantly decreased lesion volume at 28 days after stroke; Meanwhile, Storax increased the density of CD31and SYP in peri-infarct areas. At 24 h after stroke, Storax significantly inhibited brain TNF-α, IL-1β expression and circulating iNOS, ET-1 levels, reduced the NF-κB/p65 positive cell number, and decreased activated microglia/macrophages and astrocytes cell numbers alongside reversed their morphological transformations. CONCLUSION Our experimental findings demonstrate treatment of Storax at the acute phase significantly improves long-term neurological outcomes in the focal stroke model of rats. We also speculate that inhibition of acute proinflammation activation by Storax might be associated with its beneficial pharmacological effect, but remain to define and elucidate in future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dongna Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shaoqian Yue
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuzheng Du
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiang Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Yun-Liang X, Bo Z. Protective Effect of Patchouli Alcohol Against SH-SY5Y Cell Injury Induced by Aβ 25-35 via the Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211031715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patchouli alcohol (PA) has multiple pharmacological activities, but its protective effect against SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by Aβ25-35 has not been reported. It has been recorded that phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxykinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role in neuroprotection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of PA against SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by Aβ25-35 and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that compared with that in the Aβ25-35-induced injury group, the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells increased ( P < .01) in the different PA-treated groups and the lactic dehydrogenase activity decreased significantly ( P < .01) in the 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL PA groups; compared with those in the Aβ25-35-induced injury group, the malonyldialdehyde contents in SH-SY5Y cells decreased ( P < .05 or P < .01), while the superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities increased significantly ( P < .05 or P < .01) in the different PA-treated groups; compared with those in the Aβ25-35-induced injury group, the apoptosis rates, and the mRNA and protein levels of Caspase-3 and Bax in SH-SY5Y cells decreased ( P < .05 or P < .01), while the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2, and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated mTOR protein levels increased significantly ( P < .05 or P < .01) in the different PA-treated groups. The above results indicate that PA can inhibit the oxidative stress and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by Aβ25-35 by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, to protect the SH-SY5Y cells from the injury induced by Aβ25-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Yun-Liang
- People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, P. R. China
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Bnouham M. A Review on Hepatoprotective Effects of Some Medicinal Plant Oils. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200831175139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The liver is the second largest organ inside the human body. It can be damaged
by several toxic molecules and medicinal agents taken in overdoses. Indeed, there are some
oils obtained from different herbs that can be used to protect the liver injury.
Objective:
This review aims to give details on some oils that have been tested for their hepatoprotective
effect.
Methods:
We reviewed 79 articles published between 1980 and 2019 in English language using
three databases Sciencedirect, Web of Science and PubMed. So, we have used the keywords related
to hepatoprotective activity: Hepatoprotective, liver disease, plant and oil and we have classified the
plants in alphabetical order as a list containing their scientific and family names, as well as the experimental
assay and the results obtained from these studies.
Results:
As a result, we have described 18 species belonging to 18 families: Altingiaceae, Apiaceae,
Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Caryocaraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae,
Moringaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Vitaceae.
Among the most common fatty acids present in hepatoprotective oils are palmitic acid, linoleic
acid, oleic acid and stearic acid.
Conclusion:
These oils have shown beneficial properties regarding the hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
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Tanshinone IIA suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory responses through NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways in human U87 astrocytoma cells. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:136-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mohseni I, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. Dietary supplementation with Salvia officinalis L. and aerobic training attenuates memory deficits via the CREB-BDNF pathway in amyloid beta- injected rats. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS 2020; 1:119-132. [DOI: 10.29252/jmp.1.73.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
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Yadav V, Krishnan A, Vohora D. A systematic review on Piper longum L.: Bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112255. [PMID: 31568819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper longum, commonly referred as 'Pippali', has found its traditional use in India, Malaysia, Singapore and other South Asian countries as an analgesic, carminative, anti-diarrhoeic, immunostimulant, post childbirth to check postpartum hemorrhage and to treat asthma, insomnia, dementia, epilepsy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, spleen disorder, puerperal fever, leprosy etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review offers essential data focusing on the traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Piper longum thereby identifying research gaps and future opportunities for investigation on this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic survey was accomplished as per the PRISMA guidelines. The information was collected from books, and electronic search (PubMed, Science Direct, Lilca and Scielo) during 1967-2019. RESULTS Many phytochemicals have been identified till date, including alkaloids as its major secondary metabolites (piperine and piperlongumine), essential oil, flavonoids and steroids. These exhibit a wide range of activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-parkinsonian, anti-stress, nootropic, anti-epileptic, anti-hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-arthritic, anti-ulcer, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic action, anti-amebic, anti-fungal, mosquito larvicidal and anti-snake venom. CONCLUSION Amongst various activities, bioscientific clarification in relation to its ethnopharmacological perspective has been evidenced mainly for anti-amebic, anthelminthic, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activity. However, despite traditional claims, insufficient scientific validation for the treatment of insomnia, dementia, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, spleen disorder, puerperal fever and leprosy, necessitate future investigations in this direction. It is also essential and critical to generate toxicological data and pharmacokinetics on human subjects so as to confirm its conceivable bio-active components in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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12
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Li YH, Jin Y, Wang XS, Chen XL, Chen HB, Xu J, Duan LH, Wang YL, Luo X, Wang QM, Wu ZZ. Neuroprotective Effect of Fructus broussonetiae on APP/PS1 Mice via Upregulation of AKT/β-Catenin Signaling. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:115-124. [PMID: 31903532 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Chinese herbal medicine Fructus broussonetiae (FB) in both mouse and cell models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS APP/PS1 mice treated with FB for 2 months and vehicle-treated controls were run through the Morris water maze and object recognition test to evaluate learning and memory capacity. RNA-Seq, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were also conducted to evaluate the effects of FB treatment on various signaling pathways altered in APP/PS1 mice. To further explore the mechanisms underlying FB's protective effect, PC-12 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 in order to establish an in vitro model of AD. RESULTS FB-treated mice showed improved learning and memory capacity on both the Morris water maze and object recognition tests. RNA-seq of hippocampal tissue from APP/PS1 mice showed that FB had effects on multiple signaling pathways, specifically decreasing cell apoptotic signaling and increasing AKT and β-catenin signaling. Similarly, FB up-regulated both AKT and β-catenin signaling in PC-12 cells pre-treated with Aβ25-35, in which AKT positively regulated β-catenin signaling. Further study showed that AKT promoted β-catenin signaling via enhancing β-catenin (Ser552) phosphorylation. Moreover, AKT and β-catenin signaling inhibition both resulted in the attenuated survival of FB-treated cells, indicating the AKT/β-catenin signaling is a crucial mediator in FB promoted cell survival. CONCLUSIONS FB exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal cells of APP/PS1 mice, as well as improved cell viability in an in vitro model of AD. The protective actions of FB occurred via the upregulation of AKT/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China.
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Wang
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Hong-Bo Chen
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 518055, China
| | - Ji Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China
| | - Li-Hong Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China.,Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Shenzhen Sanming Group, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.,Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518048, China
| | - Qing-Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.,Shenzhen Sanming Group, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China
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He Y, Ruganzu JB, Lin C, Ding B, Zheng Q, Wu X, Ma R, Liu Q, Wang Y, Jin H, Qian Y, Peng X, Ji S, Zhang L, Yang W, Lei X. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates cognitive deficits by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neurochem Int 2019; 133:104610. [PMID: 31778727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous data indicated that tanshinone IIA (tan IIA) improves learning and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by streptozotocin via restoring cholinergic function, attenuating oxidative stress and blocking p38 MAPK signal pathway activation. This study aims to estimate whether tan IIA inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis to prevent cognitive decline in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Tan IIA (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to the six-month-old APP/PS1 mice for 30 consecutive days. β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques were measured by immunohistochemisty and Thioflavin S staining, apoptotic cells were observed by TUNEL, ER stress markers and apoptosis signaling proteins were investigated by western blotting and RT-PCR. Our results showed that tan IIA significantly ameliorates cognitive deficits and improves spatial learning ability of APP/PS1 mice in the nest-building test, novel object recognition test and Morris water maze test. Furthermore, tan IIA significantly reduced the deposition of Aβ plaques and neuronal apoptosis, and markedly prevented abnormal expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), as well as suppressed the activation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in the parietal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, tan IIA induced an up-regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and down-regulation of caspase-3 protein activity. Taken together, the above findings indicated that tan IIA improves learning and memory through attenuating Aβ plaques deposition and inhibiting ER stress-induced apoptosis. These results suggested that tan IIA might become a promising therapeutic candidate drug against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - John Bosco Ruganzu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Chengheng Lin
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Quzhao Zheng
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wu
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Undergraduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Yihua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoqian Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Shengfeng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710061, China.
| | - Xiaomei Lei
- Department of Child Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710004, China.
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15
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Yang W, Zhang J, Shi L, Ji S, Yang X, Zhai W, Zong H, Qian Y. Protective effects of tanshinone IIA on SH-SY5Y cells against oAβ 1-42-induced apoptosis due to prevention of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:82-91. [PMID: 30578955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by β-amyloid protein (Aβ) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Our previous data have indicated that tanshinone IIA (tan IIA) protected primary neurons from Aβ induced neurotoxicity. To further explore the neuroprotection of tan IIA, here we study the effects of tan IIA on the ER stress response in oligomeric Aβ1-42 (oAβ1-42)-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury. Our data showed that tan IIA pretreatment could increase cell viability and inhibit apoptosis caused by oAβ1-42. Furthermore, tan IIA markedly suppressed ER dilation and prevented oAβ1-42-induced abnormal expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), as well as inhibited the activation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. Moreover, tan IIA ameliorated oAβ1-42-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction, prevented cytochrome c translocation into cytosol from mitochondria, reduced oAβ1-42-induced cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3, suppressed caspase-3/7 activity, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content. Meanwhile, oAβ1-42-induced cell apoptosis and activation of ER stress can also be attenuated by the inhibitor of ER stress 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). Taken together, these data indicated that tan IIA protects SH-SY5Y cells against oAβ1-42-induced apoptosis through attenuating ER stress, modulating CHOP and JNK pathways, decreasing the expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, as well as increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, MMP and ATP content. Our results strongly suggested that tan IIA may be effective in treating AD associated with ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xinwang road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Shengfeng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanying Zhai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hangfan Zong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yihua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Liang M, Du Y, Li W, Yin X, Yang N, Qie A, Lebaron TW, Zhang J, Chen H, Shi H. SuHeXiang Essential Oil Inhalation Produces Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Adult Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1040-1048. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuru Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University
| | - Ni Yang
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Anran Qie
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Jiayu Zhang
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Haishui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
- the Center of Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Science, Hebei Medical University
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Law BYK, Wu AG, Wang MJ, Zhu YZ. Chinese Medicine: A Hope for Neurodegenerative Diseases? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S151-S160. [PMID: 28671133 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in the proportion of aged population due to the rapid increase of life expectancy, the worldwide prevalence rate of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease has been increased dramatically. The demographic trend toward an older population has drawn the attention to new drug discovery and treatment on age-related diseases. Although a panel of drugs and/or therapies are currently available for treating the neurodegenerative diseases, side effects or insufficient drug efficacy have been reported. With the long history in prescription of Chinese medicine or natural compounds for modulating aged-related diseases, emerging evidence was reported to support the pharmacological role of Chinese medicine in ameliorating the symptoms, or interfering with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. This review brings evidence about today's trends and development of a list of potential neuroprotective herbal compounds from both the traditional and modern pharmacological point of view. With future projections, the potential hope and implication of using Chinese medicine as an alternative source for novel drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Min Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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18
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Kalász H, Ojha S, Tekes K, Szőke É, Mohanraj R, Fahim M, Adeghate E, Adem A. Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer's Disease. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:23-35. [PMID: 29515678 PMCID: PMC5827296 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of classical and recently discovered plants are indicated in preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE Name of plants with their anti-AD effects are important for their further use and investigation. METHOD A short overview of AD is given; anti-Alzheimer plants are given in a Table. RESULTS Various medicinal plants are listed here as sources of popular medicines to be used in cases when patients are afraid of developing and/or suffer from AD. Some of these plants have been used for centuries. The major sources in the literature, over one hundred of references are given for plants that show beneficial effect on the progress of AD. CONCLUSION Plant extracts are widely used addition to the synthetic drugs approved by various administrative authorities to stop/slow down the progress of symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út 26, Hungary
| | - Rajesh Mohanraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Hong H, An JC, de La Cruz JF, Hwang SG. Cnidium officinale Makino extract induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and p53 in human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3191-3197. [PMID: 28966688 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of diverse studies have reported the anticancer properties of Cnidium officinale Makino (CO). However, the apoptotic effect of this traditional medicinal herb in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the ability of CO to reduce cell viability through apoptotic pathways. Cell viability was determined using the 2,3-bis [2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assay. CO extract-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The cell cycle was monitored using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the present study explored whether various signaling molecules associated with HepG2 cell death were affected by CO treatment, including caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), tumor protein p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D. The expression levels of these genes were examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The expression levels of caspase-3 and p53 were upregulated with CO extract treatment, whereas those of Bcl-2, CDK4 and cyclin D were significantly downregulated. Cleaved caspase-3 expression was upregulated following treatment with CO extract in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the data suggest that CO extract has the potential to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and may act by suppressing the cell cycle, which leads to caspase-3 cleavage and p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeok Hong
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Cheol An
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph F de La Cruz
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna 4031 Philippines
| | - Seong-Gu Hwang
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea
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20
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Liu QF, Jeong H, Lee JH, Hong YK, Oh Y, Kim YM, Suh YS, Bang S, Yun HS, Lee K, Cho SM, Lee SB, Jeon S, Chin YW, Koo BS, Cho KS. Coriandrum sativum Suppresses Aβ42-Induced ROS Increases, Glial Cell Proliferation, and ERK Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1325-1347. [PMID: 27776428 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, has a complex and widespread pathology that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid [Formula: see text]-peptide (A[Formula: see text]) in the brain and various cellular abnormalities, including increased oxidative damage, an amplified inflammatory response, and altered mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Based on the complex etiology of AD, traditional medicinal plants with multiple effective components are alternative treatments for patients with AD. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) leaves on A[Formula: see text] cytotoxicity and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects. Although recent studies have shown the benefits of the inhalation of C. sativum oil in an animal model of AD, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which C. sativum exerts its neuroprotective effects are unclear. Here, we found that treatment with C. sativum extract increased the survival of both A[Formula: see text]-treated mammalian cells and [Formula: see text]42-expressing flies. Moreover, C. sativum extract intake suppressed [Formula: see text]-induced cell death in the larval imaginal disc and brain without affecting A[Formula: see text]42 expression and accumulation. Interestingly, the increases in reactive oxygen species levels and glial cell number in AD model flies were reduced by C. sativum extract intake. Additionally, C. sativum extract inhibited the epidermal growth factor receptor- and A[Formula: see text]-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The constitutively active form of ERK abolished the protective function of C. sativum extract against the [Formula: see text]-induced eye defect phenotype in Drosophila. Taken together, these results suggest that C. sativum leaves have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ERK signaling inhibitory properties that are beneficial for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Feng Liu
- * Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Jeong
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Hong
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngje Oh
- * Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- § College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Suh
- ¶ Neurophysiology Research Group, Bio-Nano Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Bang
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,∥ Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 0529, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Man Cho
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- ** Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- †† Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- § College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- * Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,∥ Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 0529, Republic of Korea
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Lauterbach EC. Six psychotropics for pre-symptomatic & early Alzheimer's (MCI), Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease modification. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1712-1726. [PMID: 28123400 PMCID: PMC5204212 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for neuroprotective drugs to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), has been largely unrewarding. Preclinical evidence suggests that repurposing quetiapine, lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine for early and pre-symptomatic disease-modification in NDDs may be promising and can spare regulatory barriers. The literature of these psychotropics in early stage and pre-symptomatic AD, PD, and HD is reviewed and propitious findings follow. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase of AD: salutary human randomized controlled trial findings for low-dose lithium and, in selected patients, donepezil await replication. Pre-symptomatic AD: human epidemiological data indicate that lithium reduces AD risk. Animal model studies (AMS) reveal encouraging results for quetiapine, lithium, donepezil, and memantine. Early PD: valproate AMS findings show promise. Pre-symptomatic PD: lithium and valproate AMS findings are encouraging. Early HD: uncontrolled clinical data indicate non-progression with lithium, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine. Pre-symptomatic HD: lithium and valproate are auspicious in AMS. Many other promising findings awaiting replication (valproate in MCI; lithium, valproate, fluoxetine in pre-symptomatic AD; lithium in early PD; lithium, valproate, fluoxetine in pre-symptomatic PD; donepezil in early HD; lithium, fluoxetine, memantine in pre-symptomatic HD) are reviewed. Dose- and stage-dependent effects are considered. Suggestions for signal-enhancement in human trials are provided for each NDD stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Lauterbach
- Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Neurology, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
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23
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The Role of Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Amyloid-β Production in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:604658. [PMID: 26543520 PMCID: PMC4620382 DOI: 10.1155/2015/604658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have proposed a strong correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress (OS) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With over five million people diagnosed in the United States alone, AD is the most common type of dementia worldwide. AD includes progressive neurodegeneration, followed by memory loss and reduced cognitive ability. Characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques as a hallmark, the connection between ROS and AD is compelling. Analyzing the ROS response of essential proteins in the amyloidogenic pathway, such as amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase (BACE1), along with influential signaling programs of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), has helped visualize the path between OS and Aβ overproduction. In this review, attention will be paid to significant advances in the area of OS, epigenetics, and their influence on Aβ plaque assembly. Additionally, we aim to discuss available treatment options for AD that include antioxidant supplements, Asian traditional medicines, metal-protein-attenuating compounds, and histone modifying inhibitors.
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24
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Suzek H, Celik I, Dogan A, Yildirim S. Protective effect and antioxidant role of sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) oil against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:451-457. [PMID: 26079853 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1045086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sweetgum oil (SO) obtained from the Liquidambar orientalis Mill (Hamamelidaceae) tree has been used in Turkish folk medicine for centuries as an antiulcerigenic. Some studies have reported the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SO; however, its effect on hepatic and oxidative stress complications is still unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of SO against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment included control, CCl4, SO, and CCl4 + SO treatment groups. Control and SO group rats were fed a diet without CCl4. CCl4 and CCl4 + SO treatment groups received 0.5 mL/kg CCl4 diluted in olive oil (1:1 dilution) intraperitonally injection twice per week. The CCl4 + SO group also received 1000 mg/kg SO-supplemented feed for 50 d. Blood and tissue samples were used for the determination of hepatic damage serum biomarkers (HDSBs) levels, antioxidant defense system constituents (ADSCs), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In addition, the liver was evaluated for histopathological changes. RESULTS According to the results, the HDSBs levels of the CCl4 group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared with the control, whereas the HDSB levels of the CCl4 + SO group resulted in marked decreases (p < 0.05) compared with the CCl4 group. In addition, the results showed that SO-supplemented diet restored the CCl4-induced MDA and ADS towards to control. Hepatoprotection of SO is further substantiated by the almost normal histologic findings in the CCl4 + SO group against degenerative changes in the CCl4 group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It was concluded that SO has a hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant capacity against CCl4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Suzek
- a Deparment of Nursing , Health High School, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Science Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey
| | - Abdulahad Dogan
- c Department of Biology, Science Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey , and
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- d Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey
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ZHAO HUAN, WANG ZHICHENG, WANG KUIFENG, CHEN XIAOYU. Aβ peptide secretion is reduced by Radix Polygalae-induced autophagy via activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2771-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Neuroprotective effect of 6-paradol in focal cerebral ischemia involves the attenuation of neuroinflammatory responses in activated microglia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120203. [PMID: 25789481 PMCID: PMC4366308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paradols are non-pungent and biotransformed metabolites of shogaols and reduce inflammatory responses as well as oxidative stress as shogaols. Recently, shogaol has been noted to possess therapeutic potential against several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including cerebral ischemia, by reducing neuroinflammation in microglia. Therefore, paradol could be used to improve neuroinflammation-associated CNS disorders. Here, we synthesized paradol derivatives (2- to 10-paradols). Through the initial screening for anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia, 6-paradol was chosen to be the most effective compound without cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with 6-paradol reduced neuroinflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia by a concentration-dependent manner, which includes reduced NO production by inhibiting iNOS upregulation and lowered secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). To pursue whether the beneficial in vitro effects of 6-paradol leads towards in vivo therapeutic effects on transient focal cerebral ischemia characterized by neuroinflammation, we employed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion (M/R). Administration of 6-paradol immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced brain damage in M/R-challenged mice as assessed by brain infarction, neurological deficit, and neural cell survival and death. Furthermore, as observed in cultured microglia, 6-paradol administration markedly reduced neuroinflammation in M/R-challenged brains by attenuating microglial activation and reducing the number of cells expressing iNOS and TNF-α, both of which are known to be produced in microglia following M/R challenge. Collectively, this study provides evidences that 6-paradol effectively protects brain after cerebral ischemia, likely by attenuating neuroinflammation in microglia, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic agent to treat cerebral ischemia.
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Therapeutic Effects of TianDiJingWan on the Aβ 25-35-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:307350. [PMID: 25815030 PMCID: PMC4357045 DOI: 10.1155/2015/307350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of TDJW, a modern Chinese medicine prescription developed based on the basic traditional Chinese medicine theory of “tonifying the kidney essence,” on the Aβ25–35-induced AD rats. The AD model was established by the intracerebroventricular administrations of Aβ25–35 into the hippocampus CA1 tissue of SD male rats. 72 rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham operation, AD model, donepezil, high TDJW group, medium TDJW group, and low TDJW group. After oral administration of TDJW, the results of Morris water maze and step-down test showed that the learning and memory abilities of AD rats were significantly improved. And biochemical measurement demonstrated that Ach and Glu in hippocampus tissues of AD rats were increased as well. Moreover, the Aβ deposits and p-Tau aggregations in hippocampus CA1 tissues of AD rats were attenuated as observed in the micrographs of immunohistochemistry study, and the results of ELISA indicated that the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in hippocampus tissues were significantly decreased. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that TDJW could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical applications of AD treatment in patients.
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Li S, Chen G, Zhang C, Wu M, Wu S, Liu Q. Research progress of natural antioxidants in foods for the treatment of diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yu H, Yao L, Zhou H, Qu S, Zeng X, Zhou D, Zhou Y, Li X, Liu Z. Neuroprotection against Aβ25–35-induced apoptosis by Salvia miltiorrhiza extract in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Evaluation of traditional medicines for neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:967462. [PMID: 24790636 PMCID: PMC3984789 DOI: 10.1155/2014/967462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila is one of the oldest and most powerful genetic models and has led to novel insights into a variety of biological processes. Recently, Drosophila has emerged as a model system to study human diseases, including several important neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the genomic similarity between Drosophila and humans, Drosophila neurodegenerative disease models exhibit a variety of human-disease-like phenotypes, facilitating fast and cost-effective in vivo genetic modifier screening and drug evaluation. Using these models, many disease-associated genetic factors have been identified, leading to the identification of compelling drug candidates. Recently, the safety and efficacy of traditional medicines for human diseases have been evaluated in various animal disease models. Despite the advantages of the Drosophila model, its usage in the evaluation of traditional medicines is only nascent. Here, we introduce the Drosophila model for neurodegenerative diseases and some examples demonstrating the successful application of Drosophila models in the evaluation of traditional medicines.
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Kumar H, Song SY, More SV, Kang SM, Kim BW, Kim IS, Choi DK. Traditional Korean East Asian medicines and herbal formulations for cognitive impairment. Molecules 2013; 18:14670-93. [PMID: 24287997 PMCID: PMC6270158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hanbang, the Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), is an inseparable component of Korean culture both within the country, and further afield. Korean traditional herbs have been used medicinally to treat sickness and injury for thousands of years. Oriental medicine reflects our ancestor’s wisdom and experience, and as the elderly population in Korea is rapidly increasing, so is the importance of their health problems. The proportion of the population who are over 65 years of age is expected to increase to 24.3% by 2031. Cognitive impairment is common with increasing age, and efforts are made to retain and restore the cognition ability of the elderly. Herbal materials have been considered for this purpose because of their low adverse effects and their cognitive-enhancing or anti-dementia activities. Herbal materials are reported to contain several active compounds that have effects on cognitive function. Here, we enumerate evidence linking TKMs which have shown benefits in memory improvements. Moreover, we have also listed Korean herbal formulations which have been the subject of scientific reports relating to memory improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chung-ju 380-701, Korea.
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Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Effects of sub-chronic donepezil on brain Abeta and cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:279-89. [PMID: 23783773 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are approved to treat the symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease by restoring acetylcholine levels at synapses where the neurotransmitter has been depleted due to neurodegeneration. This assumption is challenged by more recent clinical studies suggesting the potential for disease-modifying effects of AChEIs as well as in vitro studies showing neuroprotective effects. However, few preclinical studies have assessed whether the improvement of cognitive symptoms may be mediated by reductions in Abeta or Tau pathology. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to determine whether short-duration treatment with donepezil could improve spatial learning and memory in transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) (Dewachter et al., J Neurosci 20(17):6452-6458, 2000) after amyloid pathology has fully developed, consistent with early stages of Alzheimer'sdisease in humans. In parallel, the effect of donepezil treatment on brain amyloid, Tau, and glial endpoints was measured. RESULTS This study showed a significant improvement in reference memory in hAPP/PS1 mice along with dose-dependent reductions in brain amyloid-β (Aβ). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the observed cognitive improvement produced by donepezil in Alzheimer's disease may be due, at least in part, to reduction of brain Aβ.
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Gurbuz I, Yesilada E, Demirci B, Sezik E, Demirci F, Baser KHC. Characterization of volatiles and anti-ulcerogenic effect of Turkish sweetgum balsam (Styrax liquidus). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:332-336. [PMID: 23588094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sweetgum, Styrax liquidus (Turkish sweetgum) is a resinous exudate obtained from the wounded barks of Liquidambar orientalis Miller tree which belongs to Altingiaceae (Hamamelidaceae). The plant material has been used for the treatment of peptic ulcer symptoms in Turkish folk medicine since centuries. In order to evaluate the claimed activity, we studied the anti-ulcerogenic effect of Styrax liquidus by using an in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity model and to determine the chemical composition of the balsam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-ulcerogenic effects of the balsam "Styrax liquidus" itself and its fractions obtained by successive solvent extractions with chloroform and n-butanol, were investigated against the ethanol-induced peptic ulcer model in rats. The chloroform extract demonstrated a statistically significant gastroprotective effect. In addition, the chemical characterization of the volatiles obtained by microdistillation technique from the balsam and the sub-extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. RESULTS Pharmacological experiments have clearly demonstrated that 150 and 300mg/kg doses of Styrax liquidus given orally to rats showed significant gastric protection. On GC-MS analysis of the resin, overall, 31 compounds representing 99.8% of the total oil were identified where styrene (81.9%), cinnamyl alcohol (6.9%) and α-pinene (3.5%) were identified as the major components. CONCLUSION Present study confirmed the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the local ethnobotanical usage of Styrax liquidus in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Gurbuz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06300 Ankara, Turkey
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Darusman LK, Wahyuni WT, Alwi F. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium cumini, S. aromaticum and S. polyanthum from Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2013.412.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lin TY, Lu CW, Huang SK, Wang SJ. Tanshinone IIA, a constituent of Danshen, inhibits the release of glutamate in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:488-496. [PMID: 23542145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and has received considerable attention due to their beneficial effects on the health, including prevention of cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Tanshinone IIA, a major active constituent of Danshen, has been reported to have a neuroprotective profile. AIM OF THE STUDY An excessive release of glutamate is considered to be related to neuropathology of several neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated whether tanshinone IIA could affect endogenous glutamate release and explored the possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental model was the isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) purified from the rat cerebral cortex. The release of glutamate was evoked by the K(+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and measured by one-line enzyme-coupled fluorometric assay. We also used a membrane potential-sensitive dye to assay nerve terminal excitability and depolarization, and a Ca(2+) indicator, Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester, to monitor cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]C). RESULTS Tanshinone IIA inhibited the release of glutamate evoked by 4-AP in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of glutamate release by tanshinone IIA was prevented by the chelating the extracellular Ca(2+) ions, and by the vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1. However, the glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-threo-beta-benzyl-oxyaspartate did not have any effect on the action of tanshinone IIA. Tanshinone IIA decreased the depolarization-induced increase in [Ca(2+)]C, whereas it did not alter the resting synaptosomal membrane potential or 4-AP-mediated depolarization. Furthermore, the effect of tanshinone IIA on evoked glutamate release was prevented by the Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) channel blocker ω-conotoxin MVIIC, but not by the ryanodine receptor blocker dantrolene or the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger blocker CGP37157. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibition also prevented the inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on evoked glutamate release. CONCLUSION These results show that tanshinone IIA inhibits glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes in rats through the suppression of presynaptic voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry and MEK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
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Park SH, Lee S, Hong YK, Hwang S, Lee JH, Bang SM, Kim YK, Koo BS, Lee IS, Cho KS. Suppressive Effects of SuHeXiang Wan on Amyloid-β42-Induced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Hyperactivation and Glial Cell Proliferation in a Transgenic Drosophila Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:390-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Yoon Ki Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Soojin Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Se Min Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Young-Kyoon Kim
- Department of Forest Products & Biotechnology, Kookmin University
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
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Drug pipeline in neurodegeneration based on transgenic mice models of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:116-40. [PMID: 22982398 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders, bringing about huge medical and social burden in the elderly worldwide. Many aspects of its pathogenesis have remained unclear and no effective treatment exists for it. Within the past 20 years, various mice models harboring AD-related human mutations have been produced. These models imitate diverse AD-related pathologies and have been used for basic and therapeutic investigations in AD. In this regard, there are a wide variety of preclinical trials of potential therapeutic modalities using AD mice models which are of paramount importance for future clinical trials and applications. This review summarizes more than 140 substances and treatment modalities being used in transgenic AD mice models from 2001 to 2011. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of each model to be used in therapeutic development for AD.
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