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Sousa AKD, Brito MVD, Prudêncio RDS, Sousa SG, Carvalho ADS, Silva TMLD, Almeida VPAD, Sousa JJDS, Gomes PRC, Marques RDA, Brito TVD, Vasconcelos DFP, Junior EBDN, Oliveira MDCFD, Magalhães DDA, Barbosa ALDR. The annonalide diterpene extracted from Casimirella ampla (Miers) reduces inflammatory and antinociceptive events in general models of inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117707. [PMID: 38232858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Casimirella ampla (Miers) (C. ampla) are extensively used in folk medicine. For a long time, rural communities have been using extracts from its roots for food and therapeutic purposes. The extract is rich in diterpenoid annonalide (Annona), which has antiophidic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Inflammation is the body's primary defense mechanism against cell damage and invasion by pathogens, which can trigger acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The first line of treatment for this condition consists of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but these have numerous associated collateral damages, based on scientific knowledge about diterpenoids from C. ampla, as well as their already reported antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. AIMS OF THE STUDY Evaluate the effect of Annona in classic models of inflammation and pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were pretreated with Annona (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg), or Tween 80 (2%), or indomethacin (Indo) (10 mg/kg) orally in the paw edema tests induced by carrageenan (Cg), serotonin (5-HT), histamine, bradykinin, 48/80 and, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), evaluating microscopic lesion scores, migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity, concentration of myeloperoxide (MPO), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), abdominal contortion test by acetic acid and formalin test. RESULTS Treatment with Annona compound at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was more effective in reducing inflammatory, oxidant and nociceptive parameters, as it reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, through different mediators and migration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it worked by reducing the concentration of MPO, MDA, preserving GSH levels and reducing nociception caused by formalin and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Kleiton de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria Vieira de Brito
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Prudêncio
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Stefany Guimarães Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - André Dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Tino Marcos Lino da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - João Janilson da Silva Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Carneiro Gomes
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing (LAPHIS), Department of Biomedicine - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Araújo Marques
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Vieira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diva de Aguiar Magalhães
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Dos Reis Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
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da Costa DS, dos Santos LN, Ferreira NR, Takeuchi KP, Lopes AS. Mairá-Potato ( Casimirella sp.): Botanical, Food, Pharmacological, and Phytochemical Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:6069. [PMID: 37630321 PMCID: PMC10458469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people in the world live in food insecurity, so identifying a tuber with characteristics capable of meeting the demand for food and also identifying active compounds that can be used to minimize harm to human health is of great value. The aim was to carry out a review based on systematic review tools and the main objective was to seek information on botanical, food, pharmacological, and phytochemical aspects of Casimirella sp. and propose possible applications. This review showed papers that addressed botanical, food, pharmacological, and phytochemical aspects of the Mairá-potato and presented suggestions for using this tuber allied to the information described in the works found in the Google Academic, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. This review synthesized knowledge about the Mairá-potato that can contribute to the direction of further research on the suggested technological applications, both on the use of this tuber as a polymeric material and its use as biomaterial, encapsulation, bioactive use, and 3D printing, because this work collected information about this non-conventional food plant (PANC) that shows great potential for use in various areas of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusa Silva da Costa
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Katiuchia Pereira Takeuchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, UFMT (Federal University of Mato Grosso), Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil;
| | - Alessandra Santos Lopes
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
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Faria GM, Lemos APA, Anholeti MC, Paiva SR, Amorim LMF. The bioprospecting potential of Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana: a scoping review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211605. [PMID: 37132746 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological activities are described for the Clusiaceae family. Clusia fluminensis, a species from Brazilian flora, is mainly employed for ornamental purposes. This review aimed to depict the current knowledge of C. fluminensis from a bioprospecting standpoint. "Clusia fluminensis" search term was applied in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Bireme databases according to PRISMA-ScR statement. Selected papers on Phytochemistry or Bioactivity followed hand searching procedures. Bioactivity preclinical studies considered in vitro or in vivo biological systems, treated with plant extracts or isolated compounds. The outcomes were compared with standard or no treatment control groups. Critical appraisal of individual trials considered completeness in the research fields. Our results showed that 81% of the selected papers presented high level of completeness, 69% revealed phytochemical parameters and 31% biological applications of plant extracts and isolated compounds. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones, terpenoids, sterols and phenolic compounds were identified. Antiviral, insecticidal and snake antivenom activities were reported. In conclusion, the phytochemical data reinforce the reported activities. Potential applications in personal care, nutritional supplementation and pharmaceutical, food, chemical or textile industries were also identified. Toxicological and phytochemical complementary studies may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Faria
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 311, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Patricia A Lemos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 311, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria C Anholeti
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Farmácia e Administração Farmacêutica, Rua Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-001 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Selma R Paiva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 111, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-001 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lidia M F Amorim
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 311, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Konrath EL, Strauch I, Boeff DD, Arbo MD. The potential of Brazilian native plant species used in the therapy for snakebites: A literature review. Toxicon 2022; 217:17-40. [PMID: 35952835 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a potentially fatal disease categorized as a neglected public health issue for not receiving the appropriate attention from national and international health authorities. The most affected people by this problem usually live in poor rural communities, where medical resources are often sparse and, in some instances, there is even a scarcity of serum therapy. The administration of the appropriate antivenom is the only specific treatment available, however it has limited efficacy against venom-induced local effects. In this scenario, various plant species are used as local first aid for the treatment of snakebite accidents in Brazil, and some of them can effectively inhibit lethality, neurotoxicity, hemorrhage, and venom enzymes activities. This review compiles a list of plants used in the treatment of snakebites in Brazil, focusing on the native Brazilian species registered in the databases Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar. All these searches were limited to peer-reviewed journals written in English, with the exception of a few articles written in Portuguese. The most cited native plant species were Casearia sylvestris Sw., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mikania glomerata Spreng., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake and Dipteryx alata Vogel, all used to decrease the severity of toxic signs, inhibit proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities, thus increasing survival time and neutralizing myotoxicity effects. Different active compounds showing important activity against the snake venoms and their toxins include flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Although some limitations to the experimental studies with medicinal plants were observed, including lack of comparison with control drugs and unknown active extracts compounds, species with anti-venom characteristics are effective and considered as candidates for the development of adjuvants in the treatment of snake envenomation. Further studies on the chemistry and pharmacology of traditionally used plant species will help to understand the role that snakebite herbal remedies may display in local medical health systems. It might also contribute to the development of alternative or complementary treatments to reduce the number of severe disabilities and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Iara Strauch
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Daniele Boeff
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Vera-Palacios AL, Sacoto-Torres JD, Hernández-Altamirano JA, Moreno A, Peñuela-Mora MC, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mogollón NGS, Almeida JR. A First Look at the Inhibitory Potential of Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) Ethanolic Extract for Bothrops atrox Snakebite Envenomation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:496. [PMID: 35878234 PMCID: PMC9315696 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bothrops atrox snakebites are a relevant problem in the Amazon basin. In this biodiverse region, the ethnomedicinal approach plays an important role as an alternative to antivenom therapy. Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) is a plant used for this purpose; however, its neutralizing properties have not been scientifically accessed. To fill this gap, we investigated the ability of U. sagittifolia to modulate the catalytic activity of Bothrops atrox venom, and their toxic consequences, such as local damage and lethality. The venom profile of B. atrox was assessed by chromatography and electrophoresis. Inhibition of the three main enzymatic and medically important toxins from the venom was evaluated using synthetic substrates and quantified by chromogenic activity assays. Additionally, the neutralization of lethality, hemorrhage and edema were investigated by in vivo assays. The possible interactions between venom proteins and plant molecules were visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Finally, the phytochemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract were determined by qualitative and quantitative analyses. The ethanolic extract reduced the activity of the three main enzymes of venom target, achieving ranges from 19% to 81% of inhibition. Our in vivo venom neuralizations assays showed a significant inhibition of edema (38.72%) and hemorrhage (42.90%). Additionally, lethality was remarkably counteracted. The highest extract ratio evaluated had a 75% survival rate. Our data support the biomedical value of U. sagittifolia as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors able to neutralize catalytically active B. atrox venom toxins and their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L. Vera-Palacios
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - Juan D. Sacoto-Torres
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - Josselin A. Hernández-Altamirano
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - Andres Moreno
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Maria C. Peñuela-Mora
- Grupo de Ecosistemas Tropicales y Cambio Global, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador;
| | - David Salazar-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito 180103, Ecuador;
| | - Noroska G. S. Mogollón
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - José R. Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
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Dourado DM, Matias R, da Silva BAK, Milanesi FF, Martello MD, Dos Santos CHM, Cardoso CAL, Vieira WF, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Benefits of Sebastiania hispida (Euphorbiaceae) extract and photobiomodulation therapy as potentially adjunctive strategies to be explored against snake envenoming. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1069-1085. [PMID: 34341968 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the topic use of Sebastiania hispida extract and low-level gallium-arsenide laser irradiation (GaAs, 904 nm) to reduce the local myonecrosis and edema of Bothrops moojeni snake venom-injected gastrocnemius. Wistar rats receiving intramuscular venom injection (VBm) were compared with saline control (S) and envenomed rats receiving local exposure to plant extract (VExt) or laser irradiation (VL). The phytochemistry and thin-layer chromatography of S. hispida extract indicated the presence of phenolic compounds like gallic acid and flavonoids including quercetin. Gastrocnemius of VExt and VL groups had a significant reduction of edema and creatine kinase (CK) activities and a greater Myogenin (MyoG) expression compared to VBm group, with the plant extract efficacy better than laser exposure. Reduction of edema and serum CK activities reflects a lessening of muscle damage, whereas the increase of MyoG indicates myoblast differentiation and acceleration of muscle repair. The S. hispida richness in phenolic compounds and flavonoids, such as the light modulatory ability to triggering a multitude of cell signalings likely underlie the positive outcomes. Our findings suggest both treatments as potential auxiliary tools to be explored in clinical trials in combination with anti-venom therapy after Bothropic snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doroty Mesquita Dourado
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Medicinal Plants, Anhanguera-Uniderp University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Matias
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, Anhanguera-Uniderp University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Baldomero Antonio Kato da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião 2819, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Fiorela Faria Milanesi
- Health and Environment: Biodiversity Program at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation MS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mayra Duarte Martello
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Nascimento LS, Nogueira-Souza PD, Rocha-Junior JRS, Monteiro-Machado M, Strauch MA, Prado SAL, Melo PA, Veiga-Junior VF. Phytochemical composition, antisnake venom and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq) Moldenke leaves. Toxicon 2021; 198:121-131. [PMID: 33984369 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Snakebites are considered a major neglected tropical disease, resulting in around 100,000 deaths per year. The recommended treatment by the WHO is serotherapy, which has limited effectiveness against the toxins involved in local tissue damage. In some countries, patients use plants from folk medicines as antivenoms. Aegiphila species are common plants from the Brazilian Amazon and are used to treat snakebites. In this study, leaves from Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq) Moldenke were collected from Roraima state, Brazil and its ethanolic extract was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments to verify their antiophidic activity against Bothrops atrox crude venom. The isolated compounds from A. integrifolia were analyzed and the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of infrared, ultraviolet, mass, 1H and 1³C NMR spectrometry data. Among the described compounds, lupeol (7), betulinic acid (1), β-sitosterol (6), stigmasterol (5), mannitol (4), and the flavonoids, pectolinarigenin (2) and hispidulin (3), were identified. The ethanolic extract and flavonoids (2 and 3) partially inhibited the proteolytic, phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase activities of B. atrox venom, and the skin hemorrhage induced by this venom in mice. Antimicrobial activity against different bacteria was evaluated and the extract partially inhibited bacterial growth. Thus, taken together, A. integrifolia ethanolic extract has promising use as an antiophidic and antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S Nascimento
- Chemical Engineering Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pâmella D Nogueira-Souza
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Program, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José R S Rocha-Junior
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Program, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Program, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Simone A L Prado
- Federal University of Roraima, Department of Chemistry, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Melo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Program, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdir F Veiga-Junior
- Chemical Engineering Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Godzieba M, Ciesielski S. Natural DNA Intercalators as Promising Therapeutics for Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:19-32. [PMID: 31589125 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191007112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and infectious diseases are one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. An unhealthy lifestyle, the improper use of drugs, or their abuse are conducive to the increase of morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. The imperfections of drugs currently used in therapy for these diseases and the increasing problem of drug resistance have forced a search for new substances with therapeutic potential. Throughout history, plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms have been rich sources of biologically active compounds. Even today, despite the development of chemistry and the introduction of many synthetic chemotherapeutics, a substantial part of the new compounds being tested for treatment are still of natural origin. Natural compounds exhibit a great diversity of chemical structures, and thus possess diverse mechanisms of action and molecular targets. Nucleic acids seem to be a good molecular target for substances with anticancer potential in particular, but they may also be a target for antimicrobial compounds. There are many types of interactions of small-molecule ligands with DNA. This publication focuses on the intercalation process. Intercalators are compounds that usually have planar aromatic moieties and can insert themselves between adjacent base pairs in the DNA helix. These types of interactions change the structure of DNA, leading to various types of disorders in the functioning of cells and the cell cycle. This article presents the most promising intercalators of natural origin, which have aroused interest in recent years due to their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Godzieba
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Sloneczna 45 G, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Slawomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Sloneczna 45 G, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
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Anti-5'-Nucleotidases (5'-ND) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activities of Medicinal Plants to Combat Echis carinatus Venom-Induced Toxicities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6631042. [PMID: 33614782 PMCID: PMC7878093 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Echis carinatus is one of the highly venomous snakes of Pakistan that is responsible for numerous cases of envenomation and deaths. In Pakistan, medicinal plants are commonly used traditionally for snakebite treatment because of their low cost and easy availability in comparison with antivenom. The current research is aimed at evaluating the inhibitory activity of Pakistani medicinal plants against acetylcholinesterase and 5′-nucleotidases present in Echis carinatus venom. Acetylcholinesterase and 5′-nucleotidase enzymatic assays were performed at different venom concentrations to check the activity of these enzymes. Methanolic extracts from different parts of plants were used for in vitro determination of their inhibitory activity against 5′-nucleotidases in snake venom. Active methanolic extracts were subsequently fractioned using different solvents, and these fractions were also assessed for their anti-5′-nucleotidase activity. Results of this study exhibited that Eugenia jambolana Willd. ex O. Berg, Rubia cordifolia L., Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br., Calotropis procera (Wild.) R. Br., Curcuma longa L., and Fagonia arabica L. were able to significantly (p > 0.5) neutralize the 5′-nucleotidase activity by 88%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 83.7%, and 83%, respectively, compared with a standard antidote (snake venom antiserum). Thus, this study indicates that these plants possess the potential to neutralize one of the toxic enzymatic components of Echis carinatus venom and hence can help to augment the future efforts of developing alternative therapy for the management of snakebites.
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Dos Santos BM, Ferreira GM, Tavares MT, De Bona JC, Hirata MH, De Paula VF, Saturnino KC, Soares AM, Mendes MM. Antiophidic activity of the secondary metabolite lupeol isolated from Zanthoxylum monogynum. Toxicon 2021; 193:38-47. [PMID: 33515571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential antiophidic activity of Zanthoxylum monogynum A.St.-Hil. a tree from the Rutaceae family native to South America. In this present contribution, we demonstrate the activity of the metabolite lupeol, a triterpenoid isolated from the stem bark of Z. monogynum against the harmful effects of the Bothrops alternatus venom. We investigated the antiophidic properties of lupeol, for this purpose, and use crude venom (Pb) incubated with lupeol in different concentrations, testing in vitro experiments and inoculated in mice for inhibitory evaluations in vivo. Besides, we tried to elucidate through the molecular dynamics the mechanism of action of lupeol with the bothropic thrombin-like toxin Jararacussin-I; the acidic phospholipase A2 toxin BthA-I from Bothrops jararacussu and the metalloproteinase toxin BmooMP-I from Bothrops moojeni. In our results, we demonstrated the potential inhibitory effect upon coagulant, phospholipasic and myotoxic activities of the bothropic venom, previously incubated with lupeol. We found that lupeol triterpenoid was able to partially inhibit local and systemic damage caused by snake venom toxins. Our in silico results demonstrate that lupeol is capable of interacting and altering the activity of the thrombin-like toxin Jararacussin-I, and capable of interacting with the BthA-I acidic PLA2, both toxins present in Bothrops snakes venom, thus demonstrating the pharmacological potential of this compound for the treatment of bothropic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito Matheus Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, DE72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Júlio César De Bona
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Hospital of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanderlúcia Fonseca De Paula
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Sciences and Technology, State University of Bahia Southwest, Jequié-Ba, 45208-091, Brazil
| | - Klaus Casaro Saturnino
- Special Academic Unit of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí-GO, 75801-615, Brazil
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds in the Western Amazon (LABIOPROT), Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia and Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho-RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Mirian Machado Mendes
- Special Academic Unit of Biosciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí-GO, 75801-615, Brazil.
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Holanda RJ, Deves C, Moreira-Dill LS, Guimarães CL, Marttinelli LKB, Fernandes CFC, Medeiros PSM, Pereira SS, Honda ER, Stábeli RG, Santos DS, Soares AM, Pereira da Silva LH. Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase as a model in the search for new inhibitors by high throughput screening. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1832-1841. [PMID: 33075341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PfPNP) blocks the purine salvage pathway in vitro and in vivo. In this study, PfPNP was evaluated as a model in the search for new inhibitors using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Its expression, purification, oligomeric state, kinetic constants, calorimetric parameters and kinetic mechanisms were obtained. PfPNP was immobilized on a CM5 sensor chip and sensorgrams were produced through binding the enzyme to the substrate MESG and interactions between molecules contained in 10 fractions of natural extracts. The oligomeric state showed that recombinant PfPNP is a hexamer. The true steady-state kinetic parameters for the substrate inosine were: KM 17 μM, kcat 1.2 s-1, VMax 2.2 U/mg and kcat/KM 7 × 10-4; for MESG they were: KM 131 μM, kcat 2.4 s-1, VMax 4.4 U/mg and kcat/KM 1.8 × 10-4. The thermodynamic parameters for the substrate Phosphate were: ΔG - 5.8 cal mol-1, ΔH - 6.5 cal mol-1 and ΔS - 2.25 cal mol-1/degree. The ITC results demonstrated that the binding of phosphate to free PfPNP led to a significant change in heat and association constants and thermodynamic parameters. A sequential ordered mechanism was proposed as the kinetic mechanism. Three plant extracts contained molecules capable of interacting with PfPNP, showing different levels of affinity. The identification of plant extract fractions containing molecules that interact with recombinant PfPNP using SRP validates this target as a model in the search for new inhibitors. In this study, we showed for the first time the true steady-state kinetic parameters for reactions catalyzed by PfPNP and a model using PfPNP as a target for High-throughput Screening for new inhibitors through SPR. This knowledge will allow for the development of more efficient research methods in the search for new drugs against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudson J Holanda
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, UFAM, campus Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Candida Deves
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Moreira-Dill
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Cesar L Guimarães
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo K B Marttinelli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla F C Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S M Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Honda
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Patologias Tropicais de Rondônia, IPEPATRO e Laboratório Central, LACEN, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Stábeli
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diógenes S Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT-EpiAmO, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H Pereira da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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12
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de Oliveira Carvalho H, Gonçalves DES, Picanço KRT, de Lima Teixeira Dos Santos AVT, Lucia M, Hu X, Fernandes CP, Ferreira IM, Carvalho JCT. Actions of Cannabis sativa L. fixed oil and nano-emulsion on venom-induced inflammation of Bothrops moojeni snake in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:123-135. [PMID: 32924074 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bothrops moojeni snake venom (VBm) has toxins that cause pronounced tissue damage and exacerbated inflammatory reaction. Cannabis sativa L. is a plant species that produces an oil (CSO) rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Nano-emulsions have several advantages, such as better stability and higher penetrating power in membranes. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a nano-emulsion based on this herbal derivative (NCS) against VBm-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. METHODS The CSO and NCS were submitted to physicochemical characterization. The inflammatory process was induced by the VBm (0.10 mg/kg) as follows: rat paw edema, peritonitis, analysis of leukocyte infiltrate in gastrocnemius muscle of rats and formation of granulomatous tissue. RESULTS No significant changes were observed when the NCS was submitted to the centrifugation and thermal stress tests. There was no phase separation, changes in density (0.978 ± 0.01 g/cm3) and viscosity (0.889 ± 0.15). The droplet diameter ranged from 119.7 ± 065 to 129.3 ± 0.15 nm and the polydispersity index ranged from 0.22 ± 0.008 to 0.23 ± 0.011. The results showed that treatments with CSO (200 and 400 mg/kg) and NCS (100 mg/kg) were able to decrease significantly (p < 0.001) the formation of edema and granulomatous tissue. The CSO and NCS groups significantly attenuated (p < 0.001) the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the tests for peritonitis and leukocyte infiltrate. The histopathological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle showed a reduction in tissue damage caused by VBm. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study showed anti-inflammatory activity of the CSO which may be due to a high UFA content. The nanosizing, as evidenced by the incorporation of the CSO in the NCS improved the effect and opens the perspective for the obtainment of a nanomedicine in which a kinetic stable phytotherapic can be used at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helison de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Danna Emanuelle Santos Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Karyny Roberta Tavares Picanço
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Abrahão Victor Tavares de Lima Teixeira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia
- Serpentário do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan, Nanhu, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Caio Pinho Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Irlon Maciel Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Biotransformação em Química Orgânica, Curso de Química, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitsheck, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil.
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de Souza JF, de Oliveira EC, da Silva ACR, da Silva VP, Coelho Kaplan MA, Figueiredo MR, Flores Sanchez E, Lopes Fuly A. Potential use of extract of the plant Schwartiza brasiliensis (choisy) bedell ex gir.-Cañas against the toxic effects of the venom of Bothrops jararaca or B. jararacussu. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109951. [PMID: 32044719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by snakes is a worldwide health public issue, and antivenoms are less efficient in neutralizing local toxic effects. Thus, more efficient therapies to treat patients deserve attention, and plants have been extensively tested. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous fraction of the plant Schwartzia brasiliensis to inhibit some toxic activities of Bothrops jararaca or B. jararacussu venom. S. brasiliensis inhibited coagulant, hemolytic, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, edematogenic, and lethal activities of both venoms, regardless if plant was mixed together with venoms or injected after them as well as the route of administration (intravenous, oral or subcutaneous) of the plant. The S. brasiliensis extract showed no toxicity to mice or red blood cells. Thus, S. brasiliensis may be useful as an alternative treatment for snakebite envenomation and aid antivenom therapy to neutralize relevant toxic activities in patients bitten by Bothrops species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Frouche de Souza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vagner Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Technological Institute of Pharmaceuticals, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Kaplan
- Institute of Research of Natural Products, Center of Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Technological Institute of Pharmaceuticals, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Fuly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Freire JM, Barroso AR, Assis AAD, Texeira BH, Braga JHG, Oliveira DA, Braga MA, Marcussi S. Enzymes modulation by dried grape pomace from the manufacture of wines and juices. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000118467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Jorge RJB, Martins RD, Araújo RM, da Silva MA, Monteiro HSA, Ximenes RM. Plants and Phytocompounds Active Against Bothrops Venoms. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2003-2031. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190723153925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Snakebite envenomation is an important health problem in tropical countries, with severe
human and social consequences. In Latin America, the Bothrops species constitute the main threat to
humans, and the envenomation caused by these species quickly develops into severe local tissue damage,
including swelling, hemorrhaging, myonecrosis, skin ulceration, and pain. The systemic effects of
envenomation are usually neutralized by antivenom serum therapy, despite its intrinsic risks. However,
neutralization of local tissue damage remains a challenge. To improve actual therapy, two major alternatives
are proposed: the rational design of new specific antibodies for most of the tissue damaging/
poor immunogenic toxins, or the search for new synthetic or natural compounds which are able to
inhibit these toxins and complement the serum therapy. Natural compounds isolated from plants,
mainly from those used in folk medicine to treat snakebite, are a good choice for finding new lead
compounds to improve snakebite treatment and minimize its consequences for the victims. In this article,
we reviewed the most promising plants and phytocompounds active against bothropic venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - René Duarte Martins
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Rengifo-Rios AM, Muñoz-Gómez LM, Cabezas-Fajardo FA, Guerrero-Vargas JA. Edematic and coagulant effects caused by the venom of Bothrops rhombeatus neutralized by the ethanolic extract of Piper auritum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112046. [PMID: 31279070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Colombia, the only authorized treatment to cure snakebite envenomation is with the use of antivenom. The antivenom neutralizes the systemic effects properly, but is not very effective at neutralizing local effects, thus several cases have lead to complications. On the other hand, rural communities turn to the use of plants that are easily accessible and available for basic health care. One of these plants is named Piper auritum (PA), which is traditionally highlighted in some indigenous communities of Antioquia and Chocó. AIM OF THE STUDY The main objective of this work was to characterize the venom's toxicity by determining the Minimum Edema Dose (MED), the Minimum Coagulant Dose-Plasma (MCD-P), the Minimum Hemorrhagic Dose (MHD) and to determine the neutralizing power of the Total Ethanolic Extract (TEE) from leaves of PA on the localized and systemic effects caused by the Bothrops rhombeatus venom. MATERIALS AND METHODS To begin, the minimum dose that causes edema-forming, coagulant and hemorrhagic activities was determined. The protocols investigated include coagulant and edematic activities caused by the venom of Bothrops rhombeatus which were neutralized by the TEE of PA. RESULTS The MCD-P was found to be 0.206 ± 0.026 μg, the MED is the same at 0.768 ± 0.065 μg, and the MHD is 3.553 ± 0.292 μg, which are different from the reports for Bothrops asper and Bothrops ayerbei. Next, a phytochemical screening was done to the TEE where mainly triterpenes, steroids, coumarins, saponins, and lignans were identified. Also present were 43,733 ± 2106 mg AG/g ES of phenols, which are secondary metabolites that are probably responsible for the neutralization of coagulant and edematic activities at rates of 2363.870 μL and 1787.708 μL of extract/mg of venom, respectively. As a comparative parameter, the National Institute Health's (NHI) effective dose of the antivenom was used as a comparative parameter. In addition, we determined the toxicity of the TEE of PA on to Artemia salina, being moderately toxic at 6 and 24 h, while the essential oil of PA at the same observation hours is in the extremely toxic range. CONCLUSIONS The results reflect that the extract of P. auritum has an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the NIH serum. It could be used as a complement of NIH antivenom, using them together so it contributes to effectively reduce inflammation and the socio-economic impact generated by the permanence of a patient victim of snakebite in health centers. CLASSIFICATIONS Immunological products and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Marcela Rengifo-Rios
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Luis Miguel Muñoz-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Fabio Antonio Cabezas-Fajardo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Química, Grupo Química de Compuestos Bioactivos, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Jimmy Alexander Guerrero-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
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Gómez-Betancur I, Gogineni V, Salazar-Ospina A, León F. Perspective on the Therapeutics of Anti-Snake Venom. Molecules 2019; 24:E3276. [PMID: 31505752 PMCID: PMC6767026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is a life-threatening disease that was recently re-included as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), affecting millions of people in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Improvement in the therapeutic approaches to envenomation is required to palliate the morbidity and mortality effects of this NTD. The specific therapeutic treatment for this NTD uses snake antivenom immunoglobulins. Unfortunately, access to these vital drugs is limited, principally due to their cost. Different ethnic groups in the affected regions have achieved notable success in treatment for centuries using natural sources, especially plants, to mitigate the effects of snake envenomation. The ethnopharmacological approach is essential to identify the potential metabolites or derivatives needed to treat this important NTD. Here, the authors describe specific therapeutic snakebite envenomation treatments and conduct a review on different strategies to identify the potential agents that can mitigate the effects of the venoms. The study also covers an increased number of literature reports on the ability of natural sources, particularly plants, to treat snakebites, along with their mechanisms, drawbacks and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Betancur
- Ophidism-Scorpionism Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 1226, Colombia.
| | - Vedanjali Gogineni
- Analytical Department, Cambrex Pharmaceuticals, Charles City, IA 50616, USA.
| | - Andrea Salazar-Ospina
- Research group in Pharmacy Regency Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 1226, Colombia.
| | - Francisco León
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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da Silva AR, Anholeti MC, Pietroluongo M, Sanchez EF, Valverde AL, de Paiva SR, Figueiredo MR, Kaplan MAC, Fuly AL. Utilization of the Plant Clusia Fluminensis Planch & Triana Against Some Toxic Activities of the Venom of Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu Snake Venom Toxic Activities. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1990-2002. [PMID: 31339072 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190724160711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, the Bothrops genus accounts for 87% of registered snakebites, which are characterized by hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, hemostatic disturbances, and death. The treatment recommended by governments is the administration of specific antivenoms. Although antivenom efficiently prevents venom-induced lethality, it has limited efficacy in terms of preventing local tissue damage. Thus, researchers are seeking alternative therapies able to inhibit the main toxic effects of venoms, without compromising safety. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to test the ability of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant Clusia fluminensis to neutralize some toxic effects induced by the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu. METHODS The plant extracts were incubated with venoms for 30 min. at 25 °C, and then in vitro (coagulant and proteolytic) and in vivo (hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic) activities were evaluated. In addition, the extracts were administered to animals (by oral, intravenous or subcutaneous routes) before or after the injection of venom samples, and then hemorrhage and edema assays were performed. In addition, a gel solution of the fruit extract was produced and tested in terms of reducing hemorrhage effects. A chemical prospection was performed to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. RESULTS All the extracts inhibited the activities of the two venoms, regardless of the experimental protocol or route of administration of the extracts. Moreover, the gel of the fruit extract inhibited the venom-induced-hemorrhage. The extracts comprised of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. CONCLUSION Antivenom properties of C. fluminensis extracts deserve further investigation in order to gain detailed knowledge regarding the neutralization profile of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - André Lopes Fuly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, RJ, Brazil
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Ribeiro MF, de Oliveira FL, Souza AM, Machado TDB, Cardoso PF, Patti A, Nascimento AS, de Souza CMV, Elias SC. Effects of copaiba oil on dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles intermedia venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e149318. [PMID: 31131009 PMCID: PMC6521710 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1493-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accidents caused by spiders of the genus Loxosceles
constitute an important public health problem in Brazil. The venom of
Loxosceles sp induces dermonecrosis at the bite site
and systemic disease in severe cases. Traditional medicine based on
plant-derived products has been proven to reduce the local effects of
envenomation. The present study verified the healing effects of copaiba oil
on lesions induced by the venom of L. intermedia. Methods: Cutaneous lesions were induced on the backs of rabbits by intradermal
injection of L. intermedia venom. Copaiba oil was applied
topically 6 hours after injection; the treatment was repeated for 30 days,
after which animal skins were removed and processed for histopathological
analysis. Blood samples were also collected before and 24 hours after venom
inoculation to measure the hematological parameters. Results: Compared to the control group, the platelet count was reduced significantly
in all groups inoculated with venom, accompanied by a decreased number of
heterophils in the blood. The minimum necrotic dose (MND) was defined as 2.4
μg/kg. Topical treatment with copaiba oil demonstrated a differentiated
healing profile: large skin lesions were observed 10 days after venom
inoculation, whereas formation of a thick crust, without scarring was
observed 30 days after venom inoculation. Histopathological analysis showed
no significant difference after treatment. Nevertheless, the copaiba oil
treatment induced a collagen distribution similar to control skin, in marked
contrast to the group that received only the spider venom injection. Conclusions: We conclude that copaiba oil may interfere in the healing process and thus
propose it as a possible topical treatment for cutaneous lesions induced by
L. intermedia venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fernandes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration; School of Pharmacy; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Leite de Oliveira
- Laboratory for Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Moreira Souza
- Laboratory for Veterinary Clinical Pathology; Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinics; School of Veterinary Medicine; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Thelma de Barros Machado
- Laboratory of Physiochemical Quality Control; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; School of Pharmacy; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Patti
- Biotherium; Scientific Directorship; Vital Brazil Institute; Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Angélica Silveira Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration; School of Pharmacy; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Calil Elias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration; School of Pharmacy; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói - RJ, Brazil
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Strauch MA, Tomaz MA, Monteiro-Machado M, Cons BL, Patrão-Neto FC, Teixeira-Cruz JDM, Tavares-Henriques MDS, Nogueira-Souza PD, Gomes SLS, Costa PRR, Schaeffer E, da Silva AJM, Melo PA. Lapachol and synthetic derivatives: in vitro and in vivo activities against Bothrops snake venoms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211229. [PMID: 30689661 PMCID: PMC6349327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that local tissue injuries incurred by snakebites are quickly instilled causing extensive, irreversible, tissue destruction that may include loss of limb function or even amputation. Such injuries are not completely neutralized by the available antivenins, which in general are focused on halting systemic effects. Therefore it is prudent to investigate the potential antiophidic effects of natural and synthetic compounds, perhaps combining them with serum therapy, to potentially attenuate or eliminate the adverse local and systemic effects of snake venom. This study assessed a group of quinones that are widely distributed in nature and constitute an important class of natural products that exhibit a range of biological activities. Of these quinones, lapachol is one of the most important compounds, having been first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae. Methodology/Principal findings It was investigated the ability of lapachol and some new potential active analogues based on the 2-hydroxi-naphthoquinone scaffold to antagonize important activities of Bothrops venoms (Bothrops atrox and Bothrops jararaca) under different experimental protocols in vitro and in vivo. The bioassays used to test the compounds were: procoagulant, phospholipase A2, collagenase and proteolytic activities in vitro, venom-induced hemorrhage, edematogenic, and myotoxic effects in mice. Proteolytic and collagenase activities of Bothrops atrox venom were shown to be inhibited by lapachol and its analogues 3a, 3b, 3c, 3e. The inhibition of these enzymatic activities might help to explain the effects of the analogue 3a in vivo, which decreased skin hemorrhage induced by Bothrops venom. Lapachol and the synthetic analogues 3a and 3b did not inhibit the myotoxic activity induced by Bothrops atrox venom. The negative protective effect of these compounds against the myotoxicity can be partially explained by their lack of ability to effectively inhibit phospholipase A2 venom activity. Bothrops atrox venom also induced edema, which was significantly reduced by the analogue 3a. Conclusions This research using a natural quinone and some related synthetic quinone compounds has shown that they exhibit antivenom activity; especially the compound 3a. The data from 3a showed a decrease in inflammatory venom effects, presumably those that are metalloproteinase-derived. Its ability to counteract such snake venom activities contributes to the search for improving the management of venomous snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A. Strauch
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MAS); (MAT); (PAM)
| | - Marcelo Amorim Tomaz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MAS); (MAT); (PAM)
| | - Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Cons
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Chagas Patrão-Neto
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Jhonatha da Mota Teixeira-Cruz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silva Tavares-Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Dourila Nogueira-Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Sara L. S. Gomes
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. R. Costa
- Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Edgar Schaeffer
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Alcides J. M. da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Melo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MAS); (MAT); (PAM)
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Singh P, Yasir M, Hazarika R, Sugunan S, Shrivastava R. A Review on Venom Enzymes Neutralizing Ability of Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:173-178. [PMID: 30087793 PMCID: PMC5633669 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medicinal plants are vital sources of bioactive compounds that are useful for the treatment of patients with snake bites or are indirectly applicable for boosting the effects of conventional serum therapy. These plants are being used traditionally by local healers and tribes for the treatment of patients with snake bites and therefore can be used as an alternative against snake envenomation. Scientifically, using the secondary metabolites of plants to neutralize venom enzymes has an extra benefit of being based on traditional knowledge; also, the use of such metabolites for the treatment of patients with snake bites is cheaper and the treatment can be started sooner. METHODS All the available information on various secondary metabolites exhibiting venom neutralizing ability were collected via electronic search (using Google books, Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and articles of peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Recent interest in different plant has focused on isolating and identifying of different phytoconstituents that exhibit Phospholipase A2 activity and other venom enzyme neutralizing ability. In this support convincing evidence in experimental animal models are available. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites are naturally present, have no side effect, are stable for a long time, can be easily stored, and can neutralize a wide range of snake enzymes, such as phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, protease, L-amino acid oxidase, 5'nucleotidase, etc. The current review presents a compilation of important plant secondary metabolites that are effective against snake venom due to enzyme neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
India
| | - Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
India
| | - Risha Hazarika
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
India
| | - Sunisha Sugunan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
India
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22
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Félix-Silva J, Silva-Junior AA, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:5748256. [PMID: 28904556 PMCID: PMC5585606 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5748256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Snakebites are a serious problem in public health due to their high morbimortality. Most of snake venoms produce intense local tissue damage, which could lead to temporary or permanent disability in victims. The available specific treatment is the antivenom serum therapy, whose effectiveness is reduced against these effects. Thus, the search for complementary alternatives for snakebite treatment is relevant. There are several reports of the popular use of medicinal plants against snakebites worldwide. In recent years, many studies have been published giving pharmacological evidence of benefits of several vegetal species against local effects induced by a broad range of snake venoms, including inhibitory potential against hyaluronidase, phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic activities. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated overview of medicinal plants used popularly as antiophidic agents and discuss the main species with pharmacological studies supporting the uses, with emphasis on plants inhibiting local effects of snake envenomation. The present review provides an updated scenario and insights into future research aiming at validation of medicinal plants as antiophidic agents and strengthens the potentiality of ethnopharmacology as a tool for design of potent inhibitors and/or development of herbal medicines against venom toxins, especially local tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio Antônio Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Cesar PHS, Trento MVC, Oliveira DA, Simão AA, Vieira LFA, Marcussi S. Prospection of Effects of Guava Leaves Infusion: Antigenotoxic Action and Enzymatic Inhibition. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several forms of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaf preparations have been widely used for prevention and treatment of illnesses. However, researches about the protective action of guava's natural products on the genetic material of animal cells is scarce. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of infusions of guava leaves from three cultivars (Pedro Sato, Paluma and Roxa) against DNA damage induced by Doxorubicin (DXR) in human leukocytes, and their effects on enzymatic inhibition. To assess the antigenotoxic potential of these infusions, a comet assay (single cell electrophoresis) was conducted. In addition, their inhibitory potential on phospholipase and hemolytic activities was assessed. The evaluated infusion volumes (25, 50 and 300μL) presented inhibitions around 75% of the DXR-induced damage frequencies. Their protective effect was demonstrated by arbitrary unit calculations, with values between 52.51 and 66.60 for all treatments, 250.51 for positive control (DXR), and 45.49 for phosphate buffered saline (negative control). The infusions significantly inhibited phospholipase and hemolytic activities induced by Bothrops alternatus and B. moojeni venoms, with inhibitions ≥ 50% for both activities induced by B. alternatus. The infusions of P. guajava from the cultivars analyzed present antigenotoxic potential, but also demonstrate potential of enzymatic inhibition on A2phospholipases and proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H S Cesar
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP: 3037, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus V C Trento
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP: 3037, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP: 3037, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson A Simão
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP: 3037, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa F A Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP: 3037, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP: 3037, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva LF, Cardoso MDG, Preté PSC, Teixeira ML, Nelson DL, Magalhães ML, Ferreira VRF, Souza RV, Soares LI, Marcussi S. Essential Oils from <i>Mentha viridis</i> (L). L. and <i>Mentha pulegium</i> L.: Cytogenotoxic Effects on Human Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2017.86097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Fernandes JM, Félix-Silva J, da Cunha LM, Gomes JADS, Siqueira EMDS, Gimenes LP, Lopes NP, Soares LAL, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF, Zucolotto SM. Inhibitory Effects of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extracts of Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) against Local Effects Induced by Bothrops jararaca Snake Venom. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168658. [PMID: 28033347 PMCID: PMC5199091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata, both known popularly as "Saião," are used interchangeably in traditional medicine for their antiophidic properties. Studies evaluating the anti-venom activity of these species are scarce. This study aims to characterize the chemical constituents and evaluate the inhibitory effects of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of K. brasiliensis and K. pinnata against local effects induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detection and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) were performed for characterization of chemical markers of the extracts from these species. For antiophidic activity evaluation, B. jararaca venom-induced paw edema and skin hemorrhage in mice were evaluated. In both models, hydroethanolic extracts (125-500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally in different protocols. Inhibition of phospholipase enzymatic activity of B. jararaca was evaluated. The HPLC-DAD-MS/MS chromatographic profile of extracts showed some particularities in the chemical profile of the two species. K. brasileinsis exhibited major peaks that have UV spectra similar to flavonoid glycosides derived from patuletin and eupafolin, while K. pinnata showed UV spectra similar to flavonoids glycosides derived from quercetin and kaempferol. Both extracts significantly reduced the hemorrhagic activity of B. jararaca venom in pre-treatment protocol, reaching about 40% of inhibition, while only K. pinnata was active in post-treatment protocol (about 30% of inhibition). In the antiedematogenic activity, only K. pinnata was active, inhibiting about 66% and 30% in pre and post-treatment protocols, respectively. Both extracts inhibited phospholipase activity; however, K. pinnata was more active. In conclusion, the results indicate the potential antiophidic activity of Kalanchoe species against local effects induced by B. jararaca snake venom, suggesting their potential use as a new source of bioactive molecules against bothropic venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Morais Fernandes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lorena Medeiros da Cunha
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jacyra Antunes dos Santos Gomes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Emerson Michell da Silva Siqueira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luisa Possamai Gimenes
- NPPNS, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Price JA. An in vitro evaluation of the Native American ethnomedicinal plant Eryngium yuccifolium as a treatment for snakebite envenomation. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:219-25. [PMID: 27366346 PMCID: PMC4927125 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160421070136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM At least seven North American tribes specifically mention the use of Eryngium (typically roots) as an anti-snake venom therapy. As snake envenomation is an endemic, life-threatening medical risk, is there a scientific basis for the Native American ethnomedicine? Could this be demonstrated in an assay amenable to mechanistic evaluation and high throughput screening for later isolation and possible evaluation as a source for a lead drug? MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteases, mainly metalloproteases, are thought to be the main pathological agents in most American snake venoms. Water extracts of four plant parts of Eryngium yuccifolium were tested for enzyme inhibition in three highly sensitive in vitro protease assays, with multiple venoms. RESULTS Interestingly, activity was found in all plant parts, not just the roots, in the general protease assay, also in the most specific assay for collagenases, but less so for elastases where enzymatic activity was low, and against five species of American snake venoms. Inhibition spared the activity of a mammalian elastase, suggesting it has some specificity. In dose response assays, inhibitory activity in extracts of Eryngium was noticeably more effective than randomly chosen plants and comparable to some others. CONCLUSIONS All data shown here are consistent with pharmacological inhibition of proteases in at least selected venoms of common venomous snakes by Eryngium extracts. Moreover, as the genus is widely distributed in America, the ethnological practice of using this plant as an anti-snake venom treatment is supportable, may have been common, and suggests further bioactivity and phytochemical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Price
- Department of Pathology, OSU-COM, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898, USA
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Silva TPD, Moura VMD, Souza MCSD, Santos VNC, Silva KAMMD, Mendes MGG, Nunez CV, Almeida PDOD, Lima ES, Mourão RHV, Dos-Santos MC. Connarus favosus Planch.: An inhibitor of the hemorrhagic activity of Bothrops atrox venom and a potential antioxidant and antibacterial agent. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:166-175. [PMID: 26940897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plant species Connarus favosus is used in folk medicine in the west of Pará state, Brazil, to treat snakebites. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of the aqueous extract of Connarus favosus (AECf) to inhibit hemorrhagic and phospholipase A2 activities induced by Bothrops atrox venom (BaV) and to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS AECf was analyzed phytochemically for phenolics (condensed tannins and hydrolyzable tannins) by colorimetry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by quantitative assays using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Fe(3+)/phenanthroline. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration test, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Inhibition of BaV-induced hemorrhagic activity was assessed after oral administration of the extract using pre-treatment, post-treatment and combined (BA plus AECf) treatment protocols. Inhibition of indirect hemolysis caused by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was investigated in vitro. Interaction between AECf and BaV was investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, Western blot (Wb) and zymography. RESULTS The phytochemical profile of AECf revealed ten secondary metabolite classes, and colorimetry showed high total phenolic and total (condensed and hydrolyzable) tannin content. AECf exhibited high antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. The IC50 for the cytotoxic effect was 51.91 (46.86-57.50)µg/mL. Inhibition of BaV-induced hemorrhagic activity was significant in all the protocols, and inhibition of PLA2 activity was significant with the two highest concentrations. The BaV/AECf mixture produced the same bands as BaV by itself in SDS-PAGE and Wb although the bands were much fainter. Zymography confirmed the proteolytic activity of BaV, but when the venom was pre-incubated with AECf this activity was blocked. CONCLUSION AECf was effective in reducing BaV-induced hemorrhagic activity when administered by the same route as that used in folk medicine and exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Pereira da Silva
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Mourão de Moura
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Scheffer de Souza
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Neves Carvalho Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Kissinara A M Moreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mara Giselle Guimarães Mendes
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Cecília Verônica Nunez
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica - Biophar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
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Monteiro-Machado M, Tomaz MA, Fonseca RJC, Strauch MA, Cons BL, Borges PA, Patrão-Neto FC, Tavares-Henriques MS, Teixeira-Cruz JM, Calil-Elias S, Cintra ACO, Martinez AMB, Mourão PAS, Melo PA. Occurrence of sulfated fucose branches in fucosylated chondroitin sulfate are essential for the polysaccharide effect preventing muscle damage induced by toxins and crude venom from Bothrops jararacussu snake. Toxicon 2015; 98:20-33. [PMID: 25702961 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Snake envenoming is an important public health problem around the world, particularly in tropics. Beyond deaths, morbidity induced by snake venoms, such as myotoxicity, is of pivotal consequence to population. Bothrops jararacussu is the main venomous snake in southeast region of Brazil, and particularly presents strong myotoxic effect. The only available therapy, antibothropic antivenom, poorly affects venom-induced myotoxicity. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fucCS), a glycosaminoglycan with anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, and its derivatives to inhibit toxic activities of B. jararacussu crude venom and its isolated toxins, named bothropstoxins (BthTX-I and BthTX-II). The in vitro myotoxic activities induced by crude venom, by BthTX-I alone and by toxins together were abolished by fucCS. Carboxyl reduction (fucCS-CR) kept this ability whereas defucosilation (defucCS) abrogates myoprotection. We observed the same pattern in the response of these polysaccharides in antagonizing the increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels, the reduction of skeletal muscle CK content and the rise of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity induced by crude venom and isolated toxins. FucCS inhibited edematogenic activity and partially prevented the reduction of total leukocytes in blood when pre-incubated with crude venom. Furthermore, the venom procoagulant effect was completely antagonized by increasing concentrations of fucCS, although this polyanion could stop neither the tail bleeding nor the skin hemorrhage induced by Bothrops jararaca venom. The B. jararacussu phospholipase, hyaluronidase, proteolytic and collagenase activities were inhibited in vitro. The results suggest that fucCS could be able to interact with both toxins, and it is able to inhibit BthTX-II phospholipase activity. Light microscopy of extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) muscle showed myoprotection by fucCS, once necrotic areas, edema and inflammatory cells were all decreased as compared to venom injection alone. Altogether, data show that fucCS was able to inhibit myotoxicity and inflammation induced by B. jararacussu venom and its phospholipase toxins, BthTX-I and BthTX-II. Thus, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is a new polyanion with potential to be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of snakebites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Tomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto J C Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Strauch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Cons
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula A Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Patrão-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Tavares-Henriques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jhonatha M Teixeira-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Calil-Elias
- Departamento de Farmácia e Administração Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria B Martinez
- Programa de Pesquisa em Neurociência Básica e Clínica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ribeiro MF, Oliveira FL, Monteiro-Machado M, Cardoso PF, Guilarducci-Ferraz VVC, Melo PA, Souza CMV, Calil-Elias S. Pattern of inflammatory response to Loxosceles intermedia venom in distinct mouse strains: a key element to understand skin lesions and dermonecrosis by poisoning. Toxicon 2015; 96:10-23. [PMID: 25600642 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Envenomation caused by spiders Loxosceles induce intense dermonecrosis at the bite site and systemic disease. In this work we described the hyaluronidase and collagenase activities in vitro of the Loxosceles intermedia venom, but no phospholipase A2 activity. In vivo, we evaluated the effect of L. intermedia venom used different strain of mice, C57BL/6, BALB/c and Swiss. All mice developed paw edema after venom injection, persistent for 24 h in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Histopathological analysis of the skin after venom injection revealed vascular congestion in Swiss mice and an inflammatory reaction in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The mobilization of inflammatory cells from bone marrow, spleen and blood was investigated. Typical innate immune response with mobilization of myeloid cells and cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes was observed in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, typical acquired/humoral immune response was observed in BALB/c mice, with preferential involvement of conventional B lymphocytes and CD4 T helper cells. The skin inflammation associated to mobilization of inflammatory cells indicated that mice models are strongly recommended to investigate specific cell types involved with immune response to the envenomation and mechanisms to inhibit skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - F L Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Monteiro-Machado
- Programa de Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V V C Guilarducci-Ferraz
- Departamento de Farmácia e Administração Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P A Melo
- Programa de Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - S Calil-Elias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Fernandes FFA, Tomaz MA, El-Kik CZ, Monteiro-Machado M, Strauch MA, Cons BL, Tavares-Henriques MS, Cintra ACO, Facundo VA, Melo PA. Counteraction of Bothrops snake venoms by Combretum leprosum root extract and arjunolic acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:552-562. [PMID: 24952279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Serotherapy against snakebite is often unavailable in some regions over Brazil, where people make use of plants from folk medicine to deal with ophidic accidents. About 10% of Combretum species have some ethnopharmacological use, including treatment of snakebites. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the ability of the extract of Combretum leprosum and its component arjunolic acid to reduce some in vivo and in vitro effects of Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops jararaca venoms. The protocols investigated include phospholipase, proteolytic, collagenase, hyaluronidase, procoagulant, hemorrhagic, edematogenic, myotoxic and lethal activities induced by these venoms in Swiss mice. RESULTS Oral pre-treatment with arjunolic acid reduced the Bothrops jararacussu lethality in up to 75%, while preincubation prevented the death of all the animals. Hemoconcentration effect of Bothrops jararacussu venom was confirmed two hours after i.p. injection, while preincubation with arjunolic acid preserved the hematocrit levels. Both Combretum leprosum extract and arjunolic acid abolished the myotoxic action of Bothrops jararacussu venom. Preincubation of Bothrops jararacussu venom with the extract or arjunolic acid prevented the increase of plasma creatine kinase activity in mice. The hemorrhagic activity of Bothrops jararaca crude venom was reduced down to about 90% and completely inhibited by preincubation with 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg Combretum leprosum extract, respectively, while the preincubation and the pretreatment with 30 mg/kg of arjunolic acid reduced the venom hemorrhagic activity down to about 12% and 58%, respectively. The preincubation of the venom with both extract and 30 mg/kg arjunolic acid significantly reduced the bleeding amount induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom. The extract of Combretum leprosum decreased the edema formation induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom both in preincubation and pretreatment, but not in posttreatment. Similarly, arjunolic acid preincubated with the venom abolished edema formation, while pre- and posttreatment have been partially effective. Some enzymatic activities of Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops jararaca venoms, i.e. phospholipase A2, collagenase, proteolytic and hyaluronidase activities, were to some extent inhibited by the extract and arjunolic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results show that Combretum leprosum extract can inhibit different activities of two important Brazilian snake venoms, giving support for its popular use in folk medicine in the management of venomous snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício F A Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Tomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Z El-Kik
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Strauch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Cons
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Tavares-Henriques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Facundo
- Departamento de Química - Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Abarema cochliacarpos extract decreases the inflammatory process and skeletal muscle injury induced by Bothrops leucurus venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:820761. [PMID: 25136627 PMCID: PMC4127289 DOI: 10.1155/2014/820761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Snakebites are a public health problem, especially in tropical countries. However, treatment with antivenom has limited effectiveness against venoms' local effects. Here, we investigated the ability of Abarema cochliacarpos hydroethanolic extract (EAc) to protect mice against injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. Swiss mice received perimuscular venom injection and were subsequently treated orally with EAc in different doses. Treatment with EAc 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg reduced the edema induced by B. leucurus in 1%, 13%, and 39%, respectively. Although lower doses showed no antihypernociceptive effect in the Von Frey test, the higher dose significantly reduced hyperalgesia induced by the venom. Antimyotoxic activity of EAc was also observed by microscopy assessment, with treated muscles presenting preserved structures, decreased edema, and inflammatory infiltrate as compared to untreated ones. Finally, on the rotarod test, the treated mice showed better motor function, once muscle fibers were preserved and there were less edema and pain. Treated mice could stand four times more time on the rotating rod than untreated ones. Our results have shown that EAc presented relevant activities against injection of B. leucurus venom in mice, suggesting that it can be considered as an adjuvant in the treatment of envenomation.
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32
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Mourão de Moura V, Serra Bezerra AN, Veras Mourão RH, Varjão Lameiras JL, Almeida Raposo JD, Luckwu de Sousa R, Boechat AL, Bezerra de Oliveira R, de Menezes Chalkidis H, Dos-Santos MC. A comparison of the ability of Bellucia dichotoma Cogn. (Melastomataceae) extract to inhibit the local effects of Bothrops atrox venom when pre-incubated and when used according to traditional methods. Toxicon 2014; 85:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Estork DM, Gusmão DF, Paciencia MLB, Díaz IEC, Varella AD, Younes RN, Reis LFL, Montero EFS, Bernardi MM, Suffredini IB. First chemical evaluation and toxicity of Casinga-cheirosa to Balb-c male mice. Molecules 2014; 19:3973-87. [PMID: 24699143 PMCID: PMC6271492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19043973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laetia suaveolens, known as “casinga-cheirosa”, crude extract EB719 has previously shown cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer and squamous cell carcinoma. For the first time, seven molecules were isolated from its apolar—α-tocopherol (1) and sitosterol (2)—and polar—3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 5-O-feruloylquinic acid (5), hyperoside (6), and isoquercitrin (7)—fractions. Acute toxicity was determined in a two-stage experiment: (1) a reduced number of Balb-c male mice received 5000 mg/kg of EB719 to allow evaluation of general activity and other 27 parameters, plus death, up to the establishment of non-lethal dose (NLD), as well as lethal dose 50% (LD50); (2) NLD was administered and diazepam introduced as reference drug. EB719 showed LD50 = 178.0 mg/kg, and NLD 156.3 mg/kg. In stage one EB719 did not influence general activity, but provoked impairment in grasp reflexes, tail squeeze and breathing; piloerection and cyanosis were increased. In stage two, alterations occurred in auricular reflex, piloerection and breathing after diazepam administration, but not in response to EB719. Intestinal hemorrhage caused by local bleeding was observed after necropsy, and may be the main cause of animals’ death other than a systemic effect of the extract. Although the isolated compounds are biologically and pharmacologically active in both men and animal systems, it is premature to relate their occurrence in EB719 to the observed intestine hemorrhage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirce M Estork
- Graduate Program in Veterinary, Graduate and Research Vice-Dean Office, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Daniela F Gusmão
- Graduate Program in Veterinary, Graduate and Research Vice-Dean Office, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Mateus L B Paciencia
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Botany Laboratory and Herbarium UNIP and Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, 1° andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01310-100, Brazil.
| | - Ingrit E C Díaz
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Botany Laboratory and Herbarium UNIP and Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, 1° andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01310-100, Brazil.
| | - Antonio D Varella
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Botany Laboratory and Herbarium UNIP and Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, 1° andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01310-100, Brazil.
| | - Riad N Younes
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Botany Laboratory and Herbarium UNIP and Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, 1° andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01310-100, Brazil.
| | - Luiz F L Reis
- Education and Research Center, Sírio Libanês Hospital, R. Adma Jafet, 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01308-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edna F S Montero
- Medicine College, São Paulo University, LIM-62, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Pinheiros, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria M Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Veterinary, Graduate and Research Vice-Dean Office, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Ivana B Suffredini
- Graduate Program in Veterinary, Graduate and Research Vice-Dean Office, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.
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