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Khan Y, Maalik A, Rehman W, Alanazi MM, Khan S, Hussain R, Rasheed L, Saboor A, Iqbal S. Synthesis, in vitro bio-evaluation and in silico molecular docking studies of thiadiazole-based Schiff base derivatives. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:335-348. [PMID: 38314616 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Recently, thiadiazole-containing drugs have gained greater clinical relevance and are being explored for the development of new antidiabetic, antiurease and antimicrobial agents that target drug resistance. Methods & results: The authors disclose the synthesis of N-(5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methanimine derivatives starting from 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid. All of the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their biological potential in order to investigate the inhibitory activity against antidiabetic, antiurease and antibacterial profiles. Compounds 1, 2 and 9 showed excellent inhibitory activities due to the hydrogen bonding presence of -OH, -F and -CF3 substitutions attached with the phenyl ring. Conclusion: The present study provides potent antidiabetic, antiurease and antimicrobial agents that can be further optimized to discover novel antidiabetic, antiurease drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Saboor
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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2
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Pekacar S, Özüpek B, Akkol EK, Taştan H, Ersan H, Orhan DD. Identification of bioactive components on antihemorrhoidal activity of Cistus laurifolius L. using RP-HPLC and LC-QTOF-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117122. [PMID: 37660958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus laurifolius is widely used in folk medicine in Anatolia for the treatment of many ailments. The leaves of the plant are used in the form of tea in the treatment of hemorrhoids in the Western Black Sea Region and Central Anatolia. AIMS OF THE STUDY It was aimed at evaluating the anti-hemorrhoidal effects of C. laurifolus leaves in croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. laurifolius were tested for in vivo anti-hemorrhoidal efficacy using an experimental hemorrhoid model, followed by histological and biochemical analysis. Hemorrhoid was created by using croton oil on the anal region of the rats. TNF-α and VEGF mRNA expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR detections. The extract was also tested for anti-inflammatory properties, which are based on the suppression of an increase in capillary permeability caused by acetic acid. LC-QTOF-MS and RP-HPLC were used for the phytochemical analysis. RESULTS In comparison to the control, histological and biochemical assessment showed that the methanolic extract of C. laurifolius is particularly effective against hemorrhoids. The same extract group's TNF-α mRNA expression was found to be the lowest. Additionally, the methanolic extract showed a strong inhibitory effect on the increase in capillary permeability resulted on by acetic acid. Three phenolic compounds were discovered in the extracts by phytochemical analyses, while more than eighteen compounds were found by LC-QTOF-MS analysis. Five of these compounds are phenolic acid derivatives, and flavonoids constitute the majority of the group. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence from the research that C. laurifolius possesses strong anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhoidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Pekacar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burçin Özüpek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ersan
- Hükümet Konağı Çocuk Büro Amirliği, Kapaklı, 59510, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Didem Deliorman Orhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Siang LJ, Rajak H, Ravichandran V. Nutritional Value, Therapeutic Effects, Phytochemistry, and Toxicology of Lepisanthes fruticosa: A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1279-1290. [PMID: 38639276 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266300963240408051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted benefits of Lepisanthes fruticosa position it is not only as a promising agricultural commodity but also as a versatile resource with implications for health, biodiversity, and economic growth. Lepisanthes fruticosa has a rich history of traditional use for treating various ailments such as fever and diarrhea. Beyond its traditional uses, the plant's antioxidant properties suggest potential applications in combating oxidative stress-related conditions. Its antihyperglycemic properties indicate promise in managing elevated blood sugar levels, while its antibacterial and antiviral attributes hint at potential applications in infectious disease control. Furthermore, the plant's anticancer properties add to its appeal as a valuable resource in the realm of medical research. The plant also exhibits considerable potential in addressing a range of health concerns, including non-communicable diseases and infections, antidiarrheal, and antiviral properties. In essence, Lepisanthes fruticose emerges as more than just an agricultural asset. Its unique combination of nutritional richness, health benefits, and economic viability underscores its potential to become a valuable asset both locally and on the global stage. In this current review, we are discussed about the ethnopharmacology, nutritional value, therapeutic effects, phytochemistry, and toxicology of Lepisanthes fruticose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Joe Siang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Harish Rajak
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
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4
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Zouhri A, Bouddine T, Menyiy NE, Kachkoul R, El-Mernissi Y, Siddique F, Moubachir R, Khallouki F, Salamatullah AM, Wondmie GF, Bourhia M, Hajji L. Ionomic analysis, polyphenols characterization, analgesic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant capacities of Cistus laurifolius leaves: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22890. [PMID: 38129637 PMCID: PMC10739726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the chemical and mineral composition, antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Cistus laurifolius var. atlanticus Pit. (Cistaceae). Additionally, molecular docking interactions of various ligands with antioxidant protein target urate oxidase (1R4U) and anti-inflammatory protein target cyclooxygenase-2 (3LN1), revealing potential dual activities and highlighting specific residue interactions. The chemical characterization focused at first glance on the mineral composition which showed that C. laurifolius extract is a mineral-rich source of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn). We next performed, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, the latter showed various polyphenols in C. laurifolius extract including Gallic acid as the predominant polyphenol. Isoquercetin, Taxifolin and Astragalin were also among the major flavonoids detected. The antioxidant capacity of C. laurifolius leaves was tested using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power (RP) assays. In vitro analysis of the anti-inflammatory property of C. laurifolius leaves was conducted by the albumin denaturation test and the in vivo was assessed in the sequel by carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The analgesic activity was evaluated in vivo using tail flick, acetic acid-induced contortion, and plantar tests. The findings showed that the leave extract had a powerful antioxidant activity with an IC50 values of 2.92 ± 0.03 µg/mL (DPPH) and 2.59 ± 0.09 µg/mL (in RP test). The studied extract strongly abolished the induced inflammation (82%). Albumin denaturation test recorded an IC50 value of 210 µg/mL. Importantly, the oral administration of C. laurifolius extract considerably reduced the nociceptive effect of acetic acid in rats, showing a significant analgesic effect in a dose-related manner. Altogether, our results showed that C. laurifolius can be a promising source of phytochemicals for drug development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Zouhri
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Meknes, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34025, Taounate, Morocco.
| | - Toufik Bouddine
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34025, Taounate, Morocco
| | - Rabie Kachkoul
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, BP 1893, Fez, Morocco
| | - Yahya El-Mernissi
- Research Unit in Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 32003, Al Hoceima, Morocco
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Rania Moubachir
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Farid Khallouki
- Ethnopharmacology and pharmacognosy Team, Department of Biology Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, 70000, Laayoune, Morocco.
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Meknes, Morocco
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Bouabidi M, Salamone FL, Gadhi C, Bouamama H, Speciale A, Ginestra G, Pulvirenti L, Siracusa L, Nostro A, Cristani M. Efficacy of Two Moroccan Cistus Species Extracts against Acne Vulgaris: Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062797. [PMID: 36985768 PMCID: PMC10054591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Cistus L. (Cistaceae) includes several medicinal plants growing wild in the Moroccan area. Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic skin disorder treated with topical and systemic therapies that often lead to several side effects in addition to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of extracts of two Moroccan Cistus species, Cistus laurifolius L. and Cistus salviifolius L., in view of their use as potential coadjuvants in the treatment of mild acne vulgaris. METHODS Targeted phytochemical profiles obtained by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI/MS analyses and biological activities ascertained by several antioxidants in vitro chemical and cell-based assays of the leaf extracts. Moreover, antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans was evaluated. RESULTS Analyses revealed the presence of several polyphenols in the studied extracts, mainly flavonoids and tannins. Cistus laurifolius L. and Cistus salviifolius L. possessed good biological properties and all extracts showed antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes, identified as the main acne-causing bacteria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that examined extracts are promising agents worthy of further studies to develop coadjuvants/natural remedies for mild acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryem Bouabidi
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research (LRDDS), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, 549 Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Chemseddoha Gadhi
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdellah, B.P. 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Hafida Bouamama
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research (LRDDS), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, 549 Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luana Pulvirenti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Yang JY, Ma YX, Liu Y, Peng XJ, Chen XZ. A Comprehensive Review of Natural Flavonoids with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062735. [PMID: 36985705 PMCID: PMC10054335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has majorly impacted public health and economies worldwide. Although several effective vaccines and drugs are now used to prevent and treat COVID-19, natural products, especially flavonoids, showed great therapeutic potential early in the pandemic and thus attracted particular attention. Quercetin, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), and luteolin are among the most studied flavonoids in this field. Flavonoids can directly or indirectly exert antiviral activities, such as the inhibition of virus invasion and the replication and inhibition of viral proteases. In addition, flavonoids can modulate the levels of interferon and proinflammatory factors. We have reviewed the previously reported relevant literature researching the pharmacological anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of flavonoids where structures, classifications, synthetic pathways, and pharmacological effects are summarized. There is no doubt that flavonoids have great potential in the treatment of COVID-19. However, most of the current research is still in the theoretical stage. More studies are recommended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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7
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Li Z, Xiong H, Li N, Zhao L, Liu Z, Yu Y, Zhao C. Integrated UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and network pharmacology approach-driven quality marker discovery of Danggui Shaoyao San for primary dysmenorrhea. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5608. [PMID: 36805594 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS), a famous prescription, has been clinically proved to be effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Currently there is no valid quality control data available for DSS. The main aim of the current research was to explore quality markers (Q-markers) of DSS. The chemical constituents of DSS were qualitatively identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology. On this basis, the targets of DSS and PD were predicted and screened using the TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, OMIM and TTD databases. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed on the core intersection targets using string and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. Then molecular docking was conducted to screen the Q-markers of DSS in PD. A total of 126 chemical constituents, including 22 organic acids, 14 phthalides, 24 monoterpenoids, five sesquiterpene lactones, 22 triterpenoids, four phenylpropanoids and 35 other compounds were preliminarily characterized. According to network pharmacology prediction analysis, six compounds containing polyporenic acid C, senkyunolide P, alisol B 23-acetate, naringenin, gallic acid, ferulic acid and albiflorin were regarded as Q-markers of DSS. The present research established an integrative UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and network pharmacology method to discover the latent Q-markers of DSS and provided a theoretical data for the follow-up quality control of DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Lanqingqing Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yongzhou Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
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Khan S, Iqbal S, Rahim F, Shah M, Hussain R, Alrbyawi H, Rehman W, Dera AA, Rasheed L, Somaily HH, Pashameah RA, Alzahrani E, Farouk AE. New Biologically Hybrid Pharmacophore Thiazolidinone-Based Indole Derivatives: Synthesis, In Vitro Αlpha-Amylase and Αlpha-Glucosidase Along with Molecular Docking Investigations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196564. [PMID: 36235098 PMCID: PMC9571711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylase and glucosidase enzymes are the primary harmful source in the development of the chronic condition known as diabetes mellitus. The main function of these enzymes is to break the macromolecules into simple sugar units which are directly involved in the solubility of blood, hence increasing blood glucose levels. To overcome this effect, there is a need for a potent and effective inhibitor that inhibits the conversion of macromolecules of sugar into its smaller units. In this regard, we synthesized thiazolidinone-based indole derivatives (1−20). The synthesized derivatives were evaluated for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Different substituted derivatives were found with moderate to good potentials having IC50 values ranging, for α-amylase, from 1.50 ± 0.05 to 29.60 ± 0.40 μM and, for α-glucosidase, from IC50 = 2.40 ± 0.10 to 31.50 ± 0.50 μM. Among the varied substituted compounds, the most active analogs four (1.80 ± 0.70 and 2.70 ± 0.70), five (1.50 ± 0.05 and 2.40 ± 0.10, respectively) of the series showed few folds better inhibitory activity than standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 10.20 ± 0.10 and 11.70 ± 0.10 μM, respectively). Moreover, structure−activity relationship (SAR) was established and binding interactions were analyzed for ligands and proteins (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) through a molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (F.R.)
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (F.R.)
| | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Alrbyawi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - H. H. Somaily
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd-ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Santos YJS, Malegori C, Colnago LA, Vanin FM. Application on infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of total phenolic compounds in fruits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2906-2916. [PMID: 36178354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the metabolic benefits of phenolic compounds on human health. However, traditional analytical methods used for quantification of total phenolic compounds are time-consuming, laborious, require a high volume of reagents, mostly toxic substances, and involve several steps that can result in systematic and instrumental errors. Spectroscopic techniques have been used as alternatives to these methods for the determination of bioactive compounds directly in the food matrix by minimal sample preparation, without using toxic reagents. Therefore, this overview presents the advantages of nondestructive methods focusing on infrared spectroscopy (IR), for the quantification of total phenolic compounds in fruits. In addition, the main difficulties in applying these spectroscopic techniques are presented, as well as a comparison between the quantification of total phenolic compounds by traditional and IR methods. This review concludes by focusing on model building, highlighting that IR data are mainly processed using the partial least-squares (PLS) regression method to predict total phenolic content. The development of portable and inexpensive IR instruments, combined with multivariate data processing, could give to the consumers a straightforward technology to evaluate the total phenolic content of fruits prior to purchase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J S Santos
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C Malegori
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - L A Colnago
- Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research - Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - F M Vanin
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Khan S, Iqbal S, Khan M, Rehman W, Shah M, Hussain R, Rasheed L, Khan Y, Dera AA, Pashameah RA, Alzahrani E, Farouk AE. Design, Synthesis, In Silico Testing, and In Vitro Evaluation of Thiazolidinone-Based Benzothiazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101164. [PMID: 36297276 PMCID: PMC9610606 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a stepwise reaction afforded thiazolidinone-based benzothiazole derivatives 1–15, and the synthesized derivatives were then screened for biological significance and found to be the leading candidates against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Almost all derivatives showed excellent to good activity ranging against α-amylase, IC50 = 2.10 ± 0.70 to 37.50 ± 0.70 μM, and α-glucosidase, IC50 = 3.20 ± 0.05 to 39.40 ± 0.80 μM. Some analogues such as 4 (2.40 ± 0.70 and 3.50 ± 0.70 μM), 5 (2.30 ± 0.05 and 4.80 ± 0.10 μM), and 6 (2.10 ± 0.70 and 3.20 ± 0.70 μM) were found with folds better activity than that of the standard drug acarbose (9.10 ± 0.10 and 10.70 ± 0.10 μM), respectively. Moreover, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all compounds. A molecular docking study has been carried out to explore the binding interactions against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Marwa Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd-ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Hameed S, Khan KM, Salar U, Özil M, Baltaş N, Saleem F, Qureshi U, Taha M, Ul-Haq Z. Hydrazinyl thiazole linked indenoquinoxaline hybrids: Potential leads to treat hyperglycemia and oxidative stress; Multistep synthesis, α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1294-1312. [PMID: 36113601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A library of hydrazinyl thiazole-linked indenoquinoxaline hybrids 1-36 were synthesized via a multistep reaction scheme. All synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including EI-MS (electron ionization mass spectrometry) and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Compounds 1-36 were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzymes. Among thirty-six, compounds 2, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 21, 22, 31, and 36 showed excellent inhibition against α-amylase (IC50 = 0.3-76.6 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.1-92.2 μM). Results were compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 13.5 ± 0.2 μM). All compounds were also evaluated for their DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and compounds 2, 9, 10, 17, 21, 31, and 36 showed (SC50 = 7.58-125.86 μM) as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (SC50 = 21.50 ± 0.18 μM). Among this library, compounds 9 and 10 with a hydroxy group on the phenyl rings and thiosemicarbazide bearing intermediate 21 were identified as the most potent inhibitors against α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzymes. The remaining compounds were found to be moderately active. The molecular docking studies were conducted to understand the binding mode of active inhibitors and kinetic studies of the active compounds followed competitive modes of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehryar Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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12
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Budak Y, Karayel HB, Özbek O. DNA cleavage, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of Cistus laurifolius L. extracts. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Essential Oils Derived from Cistus Species Activate Mitochondria by Inducing SIRT1 Expression in Human Keratinocytes, Leading to Senescence Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072053. [PMID: 35408452 PMCID: PMC9000612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistus L. is a genus of dicotyledonous perennial herbaceous plants. Cistus species have been commonly used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean region. In the present study, the biological activities of essential oils derived from Cistus species (Cistus laurifolius, C. monspeliensis, C. creticus, and C. salviifolius) were evaluated. Essential oils derived from C. laurifolius and C. monspeliensis were found to augment the expression of SIRT1, an anti-aging gene, in the normal culture of HaCaT cells. Furthermore, these essential oils increased the number and size of mitochondria and augmented their activity. These effects were thought to be caused by the up- and downregulated expression of MITOL and Drp1 in HaCaT cells, respectively, in response to the essential oil treatment. In addition, these essential oils were found to attenuate ultraviolet-B-induced mitochondrial damage and cellular senescence in HaCaT cells. These findings indicate that essential oils derived from C. laurifolius and C. monspeliensis may inhibit skin aging through mitochondrial regulation via SIRT1 activation.
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14
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Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Phenolic Compounds Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Cistus monspeliensis from Northern Morocco. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:6669877. [PMID: 34917418 PMCID: PMC8670979 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, oxidative stress is one of the major problems that threatens human health. It is at the root of many diseases such as cancer. Despite the enormous efforts provided to combat this scourge, oxidative stress is still relevant and hence comes the need for research of new remedies especially from natural origin. For this purpose, the study of the antioxidant activity of extracts of Cistus monspeliensis from Morocco is a principal research objective. The phenolic extracts were obtained by maceration of the plant in a water/acetone mixture and then separated by liquid/liquid extraction with solvents of increasing polarity. The first phytochemical tests carried out on these extracts showed the existence of different families of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and others. Assays for total polyphenols, flavonoids, hydrolysable, and condensed tannins were carried out by known colorimetric methods. The results of these assays have shown that the studied extracts are rich in phenolic compounds present in the plant in the form of flavonoids (69.81 ± 0.22 mg EQ/g DM), hydrolysable tannins (61.86 ± 0.89 mg ETA/g DM), and condensed tannins (70.05 ± 1.61 mg EC/g DM). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity is carried out by two different methods: the DPPH test (2,2-DiPhenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl) and the FRAP test (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The results obtained show that the extracts of Cistus monspeliensis are active and have interesting antioxidant powers. In particular, the water/acetone (WAE) (IC50 = 0.079 mg/mL) and butanolic (BUE) (IC0.5 = 0.099 mg/mL) extracts are the most active with values comparable to that of ascorbic acid. The interesting results obtained in this study clearly show that Cistus monspeliensis originating from Morocco can be considered as a source of natural antioxidants. Therefore, the extracts of this plant deserve to be tested in the medicinal field, against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and in food field as an additive and preservative.
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Hacioglu C, Kar F, Kara Y, Yucel E, Donmez DB, Sentürk H, Kanbak G. Comparative effects of metformin and Cistus laurifolius L. extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model: oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic, and histopathological analyzes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57888-57901. [PMID: 34097215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interest in phytochemical therapy methods in the treatment of diabetes is increasing day by day. Although the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Cistus laurifolius L. (CL) have been mentioned, the systemic effects remain unknown. The present study aims at evaluating the antidiabetic effects of the CL aqueous extract via metformin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of eight animals each: control, diabetic group (55mg/kg STZ), STZ+125mg/kg CL, STZ+250mg/kg CL, and STZ+100mg/kg metformin. The effects of CL and metformin on oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory pathways were comparatively investigated. In addition, nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β expressions analysis were carried out. CL treatment resulted in a significant improvement in blood glucose levels, lipid profile, pancreatic markers, and liver and kidney function tests. A 250mg/kg CL treatment decreased by 67.9%, 31.6%, 66.8%, 28.3%, and 31.4% in the total oxidant capacity, NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, caspase3, and cytochrome c levels, respectively, compared to the diabetic group. Additionally, CL treatments showed a dose-dependent reduction in NFκB, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression levels. A 250mg/kg CL treatment exhibited a greater increase (by 9.6%) in total antioxidant capacity than metformin. CL treatment provided histologically more improvement in the brain, heart, pancreas, spleen, liver, kidney, and testicular tissues compared to the metformin group. Our results suggest that the single treatment of CL aqueous extract at the low doses may have stronger short-term anti-diabetic effects than metformin. Therefore, further studies are needed regarding the long-term hypoglycemic effect or treatment of CL aqueous extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Training and Research Center, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ersin Yucel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sentürk
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical and Surgical Experimental Animals Application and Research Center (ESOGU-MSEAARC), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Faculty of Medicin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Bilen S, Mohamed Ali GA, Amhamed ID, Almabrok AA. Modulatory effects of laurel-leaf cistus (Cistus laurifolius) ethanolic extract on innate immune responses and disease resistance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:98-106. [PMID: 34252543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs are used for growth promotion, disease control and other health benefits in aquaculture industry. Here, we examined the effect of dietary laurel-leaf cistus (Cistus laurifolius) ethanolic extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, haematological profile and nonspecific immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In addition, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was examined. Common carp was fed diets containing 0 (Control), 0.1 (CL0.1), 0.5 (CL0.5) and 1 (CL1) g kg-1 laurel-leaf cistus extract for 45 days. After 30 days, superoxide anion production (SAP) increased in CL0.1 and CL0.5 fish groups and at the end of the study all experimental fish groups had higher SAP compared to that of the control (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity (LA) was elevated in CL0.5 and CL1 treated groups on 30th day (P < 0.05), and this increase was only observed in C0.1 fish group at the end of study compared to control (P ˂ 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in CL0.5 and CL1 fish groups at the end of study. IL-1βgene expression was significantly increased in treated fish in a dose-depended manner. Similar results were observed for transcription of IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05). Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β were highly up-regulated in the intestine and head kidney of CL treated fish groups compared to control (P < 0.05). At the end of experiment, significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were obtained in CL0.1 treated fish group compared to control. However, growth was negatively affected in CL1 fish group (P < 0.05). CL1 fish group had also a significantly higher FCR. Amylase activity was significantly increased in all experimental fish groups compared to control (P ˂ 0.05). Trypsin activity was decreased in CL0.1 and CL1 fish groups (P ˂ 0.05). WBC and RBC were significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) in CL0.5 and CL1 fish groups, whereas haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell, mean cell haemoglobin contents were no significantly changed among control and treatment groups. Result of challenge test with A. hydrophila exhibited that survival rate in all treatment groups was significantly higher than that of control. These findings demonstrated that laurel-leaf cistus at 0.1 g kg-1 can be a suitable candidate for growth promotion, immune system induction and infection control in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | | | - Iman Daw Amhamed
- Al-Zintan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Alzintan, Libya
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17
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Influence of In Vitro Human Digestion Simulation on the Phenolics Contents and Biological Activities of the Aqueous Extracts from Turkish Cistus Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175322. [PMID: 34500753 PMCID: PMC8434344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the significant precursors of various metabolic diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Various scientific reports have indicated that secondary plant metabolites play an important role in preventing oxidative stress and its harmful effects. In this respect, this study was planned to investigate the phenolic profile and antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of the aqueous extracts from Turkish Cistus species by employing in vitro methods. In vitro digestion simulation procedure was applied to all extracts to estimate the bioavailability of their phenolic contents. Total phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid and proanthocyanidin contents were determined for all phases of digestion. In addition, changes in the quantity of the assigned marker flavonoids (tiliroside, hyperoside and quercitrin) were monitored by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. The antioxidant activity potentials of the extracts were studied by various methods to reveal their detailed activity profiles. On the other hand, in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and advanced-glycation end product (AGE) inhibitory activities of the extracts were determined to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials of extracts. The results showed that aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Turkish Cistus species have rich phenolic contents and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic activities; however, their bioactivity profiles and marker flavonoid concentrations might significantly be affected by human digestion. The results exhibited that total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities and diabetes-related enzyme inhibitions of the bioavailable samples were lower than non-digested samples in all extracts.
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18
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Wang S, Xue Z, Huang X, Ma W, Yang D, Zhao L, Ouyang H, Chang Y, He J. Comparison of the chemical profile differences of Aster tataricus between raw and processed products by metabolomics coupled with chemometrics methods. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3883-3897. [PMID: 34405960 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aster tataricus, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to treat cough and asthma for many years. Its raw and processed products have different pharmacological effects in clinical applications. To explore the chemical profile differences of components in A. tataricus processed with different methods, metabolomics methods based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were developed. Chemometrics strategy was applied to filter and screen the candidate compounds. The accuracy of differential markers was validated by back propagation neural network. The established methods showed that raw A. tataricus, honey-processed A. tataricus, vinegar-processed A. tataricus, and steamed A. tataricus were clearly divided into four groups, suggesting that the components were closely related to the processing methods. A total of 64 nonvolatile and 43 volatile compounds were identified in A. tataricus, and 22 nonvolatile and 12 volatile differential constituents were selected to distinguish the raw and processed A. tataricus. This study demonstrated that the metabolomics methods coupled with chemometrics were a comprehensive strategy to analyze the chemical profile differences and provided a reliable reference for quality evaluation of A. tataricus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songrui Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Zalegh I, Akssira M, Bourhia M, Mellouki F, Rhallabi N, Salamatullah AM, Alkaltham MS, Khalil Alyahya H, Mhand RA. A Review on Cistus sp.: Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1214. [PMID: 34203720 PMCID: PMC8232106 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to drugs is reaching alarming levels and is placing human health at risk. With the lack of new antimicrobials drugs, infectious diseases are becoming harder to treat. Hence, there is an increasing awareness of active phytochemicals with therapeutic functions. The tremendous research interest on the Cistus L. genus includes numerous plants used in traditional medicine by people living around the Mediterranean Sea, also resulted in some interesting discoveries and written literature. This review aimed at gathering scientific literature about Cistus species, describing phytochemical profiles and the various pharmacological activities. We also extensively reviewed the antimicrobial activities, including antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antibacterial potentials of Essential Oils (EO), raw extracts as well as isolated compounds. Mechanisms of action along with methods used are also investigated in this review. Considering the findings of the Cistus species extracts, this genus offers an adequate reserve of active phytochemicals since many have been used to create drugs. Therefore, this review work can serve society by providing a global view on Cistus L. sp. regarding pharmacological potentials and their chemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Zalegh
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry & Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Unit Associated CNRST (URAC 22), FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry & Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Unit Associated CNRST (URAC 22), FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Fouad Mellouki
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Naima Rhallabi
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.S.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.S.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Heba Khalil Alyahya
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.S.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Rajaa Ait Mhand
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
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20
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Abu-Odeh AM, Talib WH. Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:742. [PMID: 33572627 PMCID: PMC7867005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Abu-Odeh
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
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Gür B. Determination of the pH-dependent immobilization efficacy of α-glycosidase and its catalytic performance on SnO2:Sb/ITO thin films. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Shen H, Zhu WK, Lu Z, Zhou HC. Hotspot Analysis of Traditional Drugs in Diabetes Treatment Literature. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:304-312. [PMID: 33000416 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize current hotspots and predict the potential trends in traditional drugs of diabetes treatment for further research. METHODS Publications on the application of traditional drugs in diabetes treatment were searched from PubMed without language limits. Highly frequent MeSH terms were identified through Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB). Biclustering analysis results were visualized utilizing the gCLUTO software. Finally, a strategic diagram was generated. RESULTS Totally 2,386 relevant publications were obtained from PubMed on November 9th, 2018, and 69 highly frequent MeSH terms were identified. Biclustering analysis revealed that these highly frequent MeSH terms were classified into 7 clusters. After calculating the density and centrality of each cluster, strategy diagram was presented. Cluster 0 "Chinese medicine monomers such as antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects" was considered as the most potential research hotspot. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found 7 topics related to the application of traditional drugs in diabetes treatment. The molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine monomers in diabetes could become a potential hotspot with high centricity and low density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Wei-Kai Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Zhi Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Hai-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China.
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Salahuddin MAH, Ismail A, Kassim NK, Hamid M, Ali MSM. Phenolic profiling and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb) Leenh fruit extracts. Food Chem 2020; 331:127240. [PMID: 32585546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the phytochemical profiling along with evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of various crudes and fractions obtained from Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb) Leenh fruit. Ethanolic seed crude extract exhibited the strongest radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching activity, α-glucosidase inhibition and the highest total phenolic content (TPC). Column chromatography afforded various fractions with fraction M4 being the most potent due to the strongest radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, α-glucosidase inhibition and greatest amount of TPC. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of ethanolic seed crude extract and fraction M4 showed the presence of various phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, which include mostly flavonoids and tannins. The results may suggest that the ethanolic crude seed extract and its fraction could be an excellent source of bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirfat Ahmad Hasan Salahuddin
- Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Ismail
- Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Shukri Mat Ali
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Idm’hand E, Msanda F, Cherifi K. Ethnopharmacological review of medicinal plants used to manage diabetes in Morocco. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder which affects millions of people every year. If diabetes is not controlled, it can cause serious damage and a number of health complications. The aim of this paper was to review published ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological evidences of Moroccan plants with antidiabetic potentials. Publications describing the medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Morocco were searched from the databases, including Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medline, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Pubmed. Other literature source was also used including books and theses available in library. About 750 literature references were studied, and only 240 research publications based on data from different Moroccan provinces published until June 2019 were included in this review. In total, 255 plants species belonging to 70 families were reported. Compositae and Lamiaceae were mentioned as the most represented families. The frequently used plant species in the dwellers of most regions of Morocco are Trigonella foenum-graecum, Artemesia herba-alba, Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, Allium cepa and Marrubium vulgare. This review provides useful information and current scientific knowledge on the medicinal plants used to manage diabetes in Morocco. Medicinal plants reported should be submitted to chemical, pharmacological and clinical studies to identify pharmacologically active metabolites and to confirm their antidiabetic activity.
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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26
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Salehi B, Ata A, V. Anil Kumar N, Sharopov F, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ruiz-Ortega A, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Kobarfard F, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Iriti M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Sureda A, N. Setzer W, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Capasso R, Adrian Ostrander E, -ur-Rahman A, Iqbal Choudhary M, C. Cho W, Sharifi-Rad J. Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E551. [PMID: 31575072 PMCID: PMC6843349 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada;
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan;
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Ana Ruiz-Ortega
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Autopista Concepción—Talcahuano, Concepción 7100, Chile;
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, and CIBEROBN—Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CB12/03/30038, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Elise Adrian Ostrander
- Medical Illustration, Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Atta -ur-Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran
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Measurement of anticancer, antidiabetic and anticholinergic properties of sumac (Rhus coriaria): analysis of its phenolic compounds by LC–MS/MS. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Xu W, Wen M, Yu J, Zhang Q, Polyakov NE, Dushkin AV, Su W. Mechanochemical preparation of kaempferol intermolecular complexes for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1924-1932. [PMID: 30035618 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1503292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, complexes of kaempferol (KF) with polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) and disodium glycyrrhizinate (Na2GA) were prepared through mechanochemical technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of KF. The physicochemical properties and the interactions of KF with AG/Na2GA were investigated through dissolution, SEM, XRD, and DSC studies. The reduction of particle sizes and destruction of crystal forms revealed the formation of solid dispersion which may have assisted the dissolution of the drug. The accelerated stability study showed higher stability for KF-Na2GA complex. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed to observe the plasma drug concentrations for KF complexes. Mechanochemical complexation of KF with AG/Na2GA improved the pharmacological activity as evident by the inhibitory potential of the complexes towards carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. In vivo studies were performed in STZ-induced diabetic mice, where the group treated with KF-AG complex showed better liver and kidney function and lower blood glucose levels than pure KF. Therefore, mechanochemical complexes of KF with polysaccharide or glycyrrhizate may serve as a promising formulation for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Murong Wen
- a National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Qihong Zhang
- a National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- b Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Alexandr V Dushkin
- a National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China.,c Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Weike Su
- a National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China.,d Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , PR China
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Dimcheva V, Karsheva M. Cistus incanus from Strandja Mountain as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidants. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7010008. [PMID: 29373566 PMCID: PMC5874597 DOI: 10.3390/plants7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to survey the extraction conditions and explore the antioxidant potential of the wild herb Cistus incanus, which is non-traditional in Bulgarian ethnomedicine and widespread in the Strandja Mountain. The influence of the extraction time (0–500 min) and solvent composition (0–50% ethanol in water) on the polyphenols, flavonoid yields and on the antioxidant capacity of the extracts of leaves, stalks (wood parts) and bud mixture were studied. The antioxidant capacity (AOC) was evaluated by use of scavenging assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantified using UV–vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometry. The optimal yield of the desired components was obtained with 30% ethanol in water solvent at the 390th min of extraction time. In addition, the influence of seasonality (winter and summer Cistus incanus), and of the different aerial parts—hard-coated seeds, buds, and a mixture of leaves and stalks of the wild plant—on the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and AOC were investigated. The present work revealed that the high values of polyphenols, flavonoids and the high AOC occurred not only in the summer leaves, but were also found in the winter leaves, hard-coated seeds, buds, and stalks. Based on the obtained results, the Cistus incanus from Strandja Mountain could be an excellent new source of natural antioxidants in food and for the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Dimcheva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kl. Ohridski bul., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Maria Karsheva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kl. Ohridski bul., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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An NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach to Unravel the Preventive Effect of Water-Soluble Extract from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091543. [PMID: 28914810 PMCID: PMC6151757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (D. officinale) is a precious herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated metabolic mechanism underlying the effect of D. officinale water extract (DOWE) on diabetes prevention in mice after streptozotocin (STZ) exposure using NMR-based metabolomics. Interestingly, we found a decrease in blood glucose and an increase in liver glycogen in mice pretreated with DOWE after STZ exposure. The DOWE pretreatment significantly increased citrate and glutamine in the serum as well as creatine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, glutathione and taurine in the liver of STZ-treated mice. Furthermore, serum glucose was significantly negatively correlated with citrate, pyruvate, alanine, isoleucine, histidine and glutamine in the serum as well as alanine and taurine in the liver. These findings suggest that the effect of DOWE on diabetes prevention may be linked to increases in liver glycogen and taurine as well as the up-regulation of energy and amino acid metabolism.
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Tahiri O, Atmani-Kilani D, Sanchez-Fidalgo S, Aparicio-Soto M, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C, Barrajón-Catalán E, Micol V, Atmani D. The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:210-218. [PMID: 28698002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were potentially responsible for such effects. CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouahiba Tahiri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.
| | - Dina Atmani-Kilani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | | | - Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), Spain
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
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Belguith-Hadriche O, Ammar S, Contreras MDM, Fetoui H, Segura-Carretero A, El Feki A, Bouaziz M. HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS profiling of phenolics from leaf extracts of two Tunisian fig cultivars: Potential as a functional food. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:185-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Liver alpha-amylase gene expression as an early obesity biomarker. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:229-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Potential of Cistus salviifolius (L.) and Cistus monspeliensis (L.) Aerial Parts Extracts against Key Enzymes Linked to Hyperglycemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2789482. [PMID: 28116307 PMCID: PMC5237773 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2789482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cistus genus (Cistaceae) comprises several medicinal plants used in traditional medicines to treat several pathological conditions including hyperglycemia. These include Cistus salviifolius L. (CS) and Cistus monspeliensis L. (CM), still not fully explored as a source of metabolites with therapeutic potential for human diseases. In this study, the antioxidant α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effects of aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts from the aerial parts of Moroccan CS and CM were investigated. Antioxidant activity has been assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity has been assessed using an in vitro model. Moreover, mineral and phenolic contents of CS and CM were analyzed. The extracts of both species exhibited potent antioxidant activity in all used systems and possess strong inhibitory effect towards α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.95 ± 0.14 to 14.58 ± 1.26 μg/mL) and significant inhibitory potential against α-amylase (IC50: 217.10 ± 0.15 to 886.10 ± 0.10 μg/mL). Furthermore, the result showed high levels of phenolic content and unexpectedly some higher levels of mineral content in CS. The results suggest that the phenolic rich extracts of CS and CM may have a therapeutic potential against diseases associated with oxidative stress and may be useful in the management of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
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Mousavi L, Salleh RM, Murugaiyah V, Asmawi MZ. Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic study of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. leaves extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Mohiuddin M, Arbain D, Islam AKMS, Ahmad MS, Ahmad MN. Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Biosensor for the Electrochemical Measurement of Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:95. [PMID: 26887579 PMCID: PMC4759339 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor for measuring the antidiabetic potential of medicinal plants was developed by covalent immobilization of α-glucosidase (AG) enzyme onto amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2). The immobilized enzyme was entrapped in freeze-thawed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) together with p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) on the screen-printed carbon electrode at low pH to prevent the premature reaction between PNPG and AG enzyme. The enzymatic reaction within the biosensor is inhibited by bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant extracts. The capability of medicinal plants to inhibit the AG enzyme on the electrode correlates to the potential of the medicinal plants to inhibit the production of glucose from the carbohydrate in the human body. Thus, the inhibition indicates the antidiabetic potential of the medicinal plants. The performance of the biosensor was evaluated to measure the antidiabetic potential of three medicinal plants such as Tebengau (Ehretis laevis), Cemumar (Micromelum pubescens), and Kedondong (Spondias dulcis) and acarbose (commercial antidiabetic drug) via cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and spectrophotometry. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) response for the inhibition of the AG enzyme activity by Tebengau plant extracts showed a linear relation in the range from 0.423-8.29 μA, and the inhibition detection limit was 0.253 μA. The biosensor exhibited good sensitivity (0.422 μA/mg Tebengau plant extracts) and rapid response (22 s). The biosensor retains approximately 82.16 % of its initial activity even after 30 days of storage at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohiuddin
- Production Department, Palash Urea Fertilizer Factory Ltd., Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - D Arbain
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - A K M Shafiqul Islam
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M S Ahmad
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M N Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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Qin W, Ren B, Wang S, Liang S, He B, Shi X, Wang L, Liang J, Wu F. Apigenin and naringenin ameliorate PKCβII-associated endothelial dysfunction via regulating ROS/caspase-3 and NO pathway in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 85:39-49. [PMID: 27473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key event in the progression of atherosclerosis with diabetes. Increasing cell apoptosis may lead to endothelial dysfunction. Apigenin and naringenin are two kinds of widely used flavones. In the present study, we investigated whether and how apigenin and naringenin reduced endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose in endothelial cells. We showed that apigenin and naringenin protected against endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting phosphorylation of protein kinase C βII (PKCβII) expression and downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. Furthermore, we demonstrated that apigenin and naringenin reduced high glucose-increased apoptosis, Bax expression, caspase-3 activity and phosphorylation of NF-κB in endothelial cells. Moreover, apigenin and naringenin effectively restored high glucose-reduced Bcl-2 expression and Akt phosphorylation. Importantly, apigenin and naringenin significantly increased NO production in endothelial cells subjected to high glucose challenge. Consistently, high glucose stimulation impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated vasodilation in the rat aorta, apigenin and naringenin treatment restored the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation via dramatically increasing eNOS activity and nitric oxide (NO) level. Taken together, our results manifest that apigenin and naringenin can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction via regulating ROS/caspase-3 and NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Bei Ren
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Taiyuan Institute For Food And Drug Control, 85 Longcheng Avenue, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shujun Liang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Baiqiu He
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Shi
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Poovitha S, Parani M. In vitro and in vivo α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibiting activities of the protein extracts from two varieties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16 Suppl 1:185. [PMID: 27454418 PMCID: PMC4959359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background α-amylase and α-glucosidase digest the carbohydrates and increase the postprandial glucose level in diabetic patients. Inhibiting the activity of these two enzymes can control postprandial hyperglycemia, and reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Bitter gourd or balsam pear is one of the important medicinal plants used for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes patients. However, there is limited information available on the presence of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibiting compounds. In the current study, the protein extracts from the fruits of M. charantia var. charantia (MCC) and M. charantia var. muricata (MCM) were tested for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibiting activities in vitro, and glucose lowering activity after oral administration in vivo. Results The protein extract from both MCC and MCM inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase through competitive inhibition, which was on par with Acarbose as indicated by in vitro percentage of inhibition (66 to 69 %) and IC50 (0.26 to 0.29 mg/ml). Both the protein extracts significantly reduced peak blood glucose and area under the curve in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, which were orally challenged with starch and sucrose. Conclusions Protein extracts from the fruits of the two varieties of bitter gourd inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro and lowered the blood glucose level in vivo on par with Acarbose when orally administrated to Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further studies on mechanism of action and methods of safe and biologically active delivery will help to develop an anti-diabetic oral protein drug from these plants.
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Manzano M, Giron MD, Vilchez JD, Sevillano N, El-Azem N, Rueda R, Salto R, Lopez-Pedrosa JM. Apple polyphenol extract improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of insulin resistance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 27141227 PMCID: PMC4852413 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple polyphenols could represent a novel nutritional approach in the management and control of blood glucose, especially in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of an apple polyphenol extract (APE) in an insulin-resistant rat model and to determine the molecular basis of insulin sensitivity action in skeletal muscle cells. METHODS Acute effect of APE on the postprandial hyperglycemic response was assayed in 15 week old obese Zucker rats (OZR), by using a meal tolerance test (MTT). The ability of APE to improve whole peripheral insulin sensitivity was also assayed in a chronic study by using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, rat L6 myotubes were used. Glucose uptake was measured by using 2-[3H]-Deoxy-Glucose (2-DG) and specific inhibitors, as well as phosphorylation status of key kinases, were used to determine the implicated signaling pathway. RESULTS In vivo study showed that nutritional intervention with APE induced an increase of insulin sensitivity with an increase of glucose infusion rate (GIR) of 45 %. Additionally, in vitro results showed a synergistic effect between APE and insulin as well as increased glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation in muscle cells. This translocation was mediated by phosphatydil inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, this study describes the mechanisms involved in the insulin sensitizing effect of APE, which could be considered a promising ingredient for inclusion in nutritional products focused on the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Manzano
- Strategic R&D, Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Camino de Purchil, 68, Granada, Spain
| | - María D Giron
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José D Vilchez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Sevillano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nuri El-Azem
- Strategic R&D, Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Camino de Purchil, 68, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Strategic R&D, Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Camino de Purchil, 68, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Lopez-Pedrosa
- Strategic R&D, Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Camino de Purchil, 68, Granada, Spain
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Potential Use of Turkish Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Various Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:257. [PMID: 26927038 PMCID: PMC6273156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are sources of health-promoting substances, including phytochemicals and phytoalexins that comprise polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins A, C, E and several other constituents. Many studies have indicated that medicinal plants have been used to treat human diseases for thousands of years owing to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Medicinal plants reduce the oxidative stress in cells and prevent cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative and digestive system disorders. These potential beneficial effects have been attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds that show antioxidant properties by acting as free radical scavengers or metal chelators, reducing the reactions that produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Considering the importance of medicinal plants in terms of their beneficial health effects, some of the medicinally important plants grown in Turkey are covered in this review with respect to their antioxidant potential and phytochemical profile.
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Apigenin and naringenin regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorate vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 773:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Paolessi P, Nicoletti M, Catoni R, Puglielli G, Toniolo C, Gratani L. Cistus creticus subsp. eriocephalus as a Model for Studying Plant Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Environmental Stress Factors. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1862-70. [PMID: 26663839 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Variations in physiology and metabolic products of Cistus creticus subsp. eriocephalus along an altitudinal gradient (350-750 m.a.s.l.) within the Monti Lucretili Regional Natural Park (central Italy) were studied. The results showed that the phenol production was in relationship with the net photosynthetic rates and the chlorophyll content. In particular, the increasing caffeic acid (CA) content with altitude suggested its role in providing an additional photo-protection mechanism, by its ability to consume photochemical reducing power and acting as an alternative C-atom sink under high light conditions. The metabolic production was tested by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis, highlighting the potential of this technique in biologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Paolessi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, IT-00185 Rome, (phone: +39-06-49912358).
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, IT-00185 Rome, (phone: +39-06-49912358).
| | - Rosangela Catoni
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, IT-00185 Rome, (phone: +39-06-49912358).
| | - Giacomo Puglielli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, IT-00185 Rome, (phone: +39-06-49912358).
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, IT-00185 Rome, (phone: +39-06-49912358).
| | - Loretta Gratani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, IT-00185 Rome, (phone: +39-06-49912358).
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chang YX, Ge AH, Donnapee S, Li J, Bai Y, Liu J, He J, Yang X, Song LJ, Zhang BL, Gao XM. The multi-targets integrated fingerprinting for screening anti-diabetic compounds from a Chinese medicine Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:210-222. [PMID: 25698248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet is a traditional Chinese anti-diabetic formula containing three ingredients: Coptis chinensis Franch. (dried rhizome of C. chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao and Coptis teeta Wall.), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. (dried root of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge. ) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. ) and Lonicera japonica Thunb. (dried alabastrum or with nascent flowers of L. japonica Thunb. ). Free radicals, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, aldose reductase and lipase are different targets related with diabetes. However, there are no chromatographic methods employed in screening the anti-diabetic compounds from natural products basing on these targets simultaneously. The present study was aimed at the establishment of a multi-targets integrated fingerprinting to clarify the possible mechanism of the action of Traditional Chinese Medicines which simultaneously contained multiple chemical characteristics and effects of constitutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The multi-targets integrated fingerprinting was developed and validated to screen anti-diabetic compounds from natural products by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, fraction collector and microplate reader. Ultra performance liquid chromatography was employed to separate the components in Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet, which were identified by quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to acquire their structural information and collected by the fraction collector. Finally the active fractions were tested for scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, aldose reductase, and lipase activities in vitro by microplate reader. RESULTS Our tests revealed that the Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet showed inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, aldose reductase and lipase with IC50 values of 0.80 ± 0.02 mg/mL, 1.28 ± 0.13 mg/mL, 0.80 ± 0.02 mg/mL, 1.90 ± 0.18 mg/mL respectively and the scavenging activity with IC50 value of 1.71 ± 0.178 mg/mL. The bioactive fractions were identified to be alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The phenolic acids possessed antioxidant activities, namely the scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl rull;). The alkaloids exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, α-amylase, and lipase. The flavonoids also showed mild inhibition on α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, α-amylase and lipase. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet can scavenge free radicals and inhibit α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, α-amylase and lipase, which may be the possible mechanism of action of Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet for the treatment of diabetes and associated complications. Compared with conventional chromatographic separation and activity assays, the multi-targets integrated fingerprinting, which simultaneously contains the chemical characteristics and multiple effects of constitutions could comprehensively and properly reveal the activity of Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet. The results also show that the multi-targets integrated fingerprinting is a novel and powerful tool for screening and identifying active ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Sineeporn Donnapee
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Li-Jiao Song
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bo-Li Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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CHEN H, SHI YY, WEI ML, LIU WY, FENG F. Chemical profile of the active fraction of Yi-Gan San by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS and its neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:869-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arulselvan P, Ghofar HAA, Karthivashan G, Halim MFA, Ghafar MSA, Fakurazi S. Antidiabetic therapeutics from natural source: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Papaefthimiou D, Papanikolaou A, Falara V, Givanoudi S, Kostas S, Kanellis AK. Genus Cistus: a model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes' biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties. Front Chem 2014; 2:35. [PMID: 24967222 PMCID: PMC4052220 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Cistaceae (Angiosperm, Malvales) consists of 8 genera and 180 species, with 5 genera native to the Mediterranean area (Cistus, Fumara, Halimium, Helianthemum, and Tuberaria). Traditionally, a number of Cistus species have been used in Mediterranean folk medicine as herbal tea infusions for healing digestive problems and colds, as extracts for the treatment of diseases, and as fragrances. The resin, ladano, secreted by the glandular trichomes of certain Cistus species contains a number of phytochemicals with antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, total leaf aqueous extracts possess anti-influenza virus activity. All these properties have been attributed to phytochemicals such as terpenoids, including diterpenes, labdane-type diterpenes and clerodanes, phenylpropanoids, including flavonoids and ellagitannins, several groups of alkaloids and other types of secondary metabolites. In the past 20 years, research on Cistus involved chemical, biological and phylogenetic analyses but recent investigations have involved genomic and molecular approaches. Our lab is exploring the biosynthetic machinery that generates terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, with a goal to harness their numerous properties that have applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical and aromatic industries. This review focuses on the systematics, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, chemical analyses, biological function and biosynthesis of major compounds, as well as genomic analyses and biotechnological approaches of the main Cistus species found in the Mediterranean basin, namely C. albidus, C. creticus, C. crispus, C. parviflorus, C. monspeliensis, C. populifolius, C. salviifolius, C. ladanifer, C. laurifolius, and C. clusii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Papanikolaou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Falara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of DelawareNewark, DE, USA
| | - Stella Givanoudi
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Floriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
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Li D, Peng C, Xie X, Mao Y, Li M, Cao Z, Fan D. Antidiabetic effect of flavonoids from Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes leaves in diabetic mice and rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:561-567. [PMID: 24583072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaf of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes is a traditional folk medicine in Tibet, China, which is called "E Se" in Tibetan language. This original plant grows on snow mountains at an attitude of 3000 to 3700 m. It is primarily used to treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, indigestion and other diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of flavonoids extracted from E Se (ESF) and to explore the potential mechanism in streptozotocin (STZ) or alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 72 h after the establishment of a diabetic model, STZ or ALX induced diabetic mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated daily with ESF at doses of 45, 90, 180 mg/kg and 37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg, respectively. Both mice and rats were fasted for 5h before administration and the blood glucose (BG) levels were tested 1h after treatment. Body weight was determined every other day. For STZ-induced rats, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), serum insulin and c-peptide, hepatic glycogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver were assessed on the fourth day after BG level detection. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the general behavior of mice treated with ESF (90, 180 mg/kg) and rats treated with ESF (75, 150 mg/kg) became better and BG levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb1Ac level was observed in ESF-treated rats compared with diabetic rats. Significant increase (P<0.05 ) in serum insulin and c-peptide were detected in ESF-treated rats. The treatment also significantly (P<0.05) elevated SOD activity and reduced MDA level in the liver of diabetic rats. Besides, ESF 150 mg/kg had a trend of rising hepatic glycogen content of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that flavonoids from the Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes leaves may possess an antidiabetic activity in animals with established diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources Co-Founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources Co-Founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources Co-Founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources Co-Founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources Co-Founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Danqing Fan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
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