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Jabeen T, Amjad MS, Ahmad K, Bussmann RW, Qureshi H, Vitasović-Kosić I. Ethnomedicinal Plants and Herbal Preparations Used by Rural Communities in Tehsil Hajira (Poonch District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1379. [PMID: 38794449 PMCID: PMC11124858 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study emphasizes the importance of documenting ethnomedicinal plants and herbal practices of the local rural communities of Tehsil Hajira (Pakistan). The aim was to document, explore and quantify the traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using various quantitative indices. The results showed that 144 medicinal plant species from 70 families and 128 genera play an important role in herbal preparations. The most common type of preparation was powder (19.0%), followed by paste (16.7%), aqueous extract (15.7%), decoction (14.7%) and juice (11.0%). Fragaria nubicola (0.94) and Viola canescens (0.93) had the highest relative frequency of mention (RFC), while Berberis lycium (1.22) and Fragaria nubicola (1.18) had the highest use value (UV). Geranium wallichianum (85.5), Ligustrum lucidum (83) and Indigofera heterantha (71.5) were the most important species in the study area with the highest relative importance (RI) value. The diseases treated were categorized into 17 classes, with diseases of the digestive system and liver having the highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) value, followed by diseases of the oropharynx and musculoskeletal system. Important plants mentioned for the treatment of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are Zanthoxylum alatum, Berberis lycium, Mentha longifolia, Punica granatum, Rubus ellipticus and Viola canescens. New applications of rarely documented plants from this area are: Oxalis corniculata paste of the whole plant to treat vitiligo, Carthamus tinctorius flowers to treat chicken pox, Dioscorea deltoidea tuber powder to treat productive cough, Inula cappa root decoction to treat miscarriage, Habenaria digitata tuber juice for the treatment of fever, Viola canescens leaves and flowers for the treatment of sore throat and Achillea millefolium root and leaf juice for the treatment of pneumonia. These plants may contain interesting biochemical compounds and should be subjected to further pharmacological studies to develop new drugs. Traditional medicinal knowledge in the area under study is mainly limited to the elderly, traditional healers and midwives. Therefore, resource conservation strategies and future pharmacological studies are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Jabeen
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bagh, Bagh 12500, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Amjad
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bagh, Bagh 12500, Pakistan;
| | - Khalid Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia;
- Department of Botany, State Museum of Natural History, 76135 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan;
| | - Ivana Vitasović-Kosić
- Division of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Department of Agricultural Botany, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Khan R, Nedelcheva A, Abidin SZU, Bhatti MZ, Khan SM, Ullah A, Saeed RF, Aziz A, Gul H, Dogan Y. Ethnoveterinary uses of forage plants for domesticated ruminants in Malakand agency, Pakistan. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:36-54. [PMID: 37497610 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant ethnoveterinary uses are evident in various studies around the world, but the ethnoveterinary practices of forage species are not widely reported. Traditional knowledge is rapidly disappearing because of urbanization and commercial activities. The purpose of this study was to document plant species used by the local communities in Malakand Agency, Pakistan for foraging and ethnoveterinary purposes. Twenty different localities in the study area were surveyed for documentation of forage species and related traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge used for livestock. Semistructured questionnaires and field walks were used to conduct 67 interviews with local farmers and herdsmen. A total of 91 forage species from 26 families were documented, as well as their ethnoveterinary applications. Poaceae and Fabaceae were dominant families with 45% and 15% of species respectively. Among the forage species documented, 62 were highly palatable, 26 were moderately palatable and 12 were less palatable. The region's major veterinary diseases are flu, ringworms, inflammations, low milk production, constipation, bloat, mastitis, pneumonia and wounds. The 62 forage species were reported for the first time for various veterinary uses. This study revealed that local communities commonly use a diverse range of forage species in conjunction with indigenous knowledge of ethnoveterinary uses. These forage species have the potential to overcome the recent fodder shortage. Such studies will be beneficial to the commercial production of such forage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Herbarium of Pakistan, National Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Botany Program), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rida Fatima Saeed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abida Aziz
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Gul
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yunus Dogan
- Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Ali A, Saqib F. Ethnopharmacological basis and pharmacodynamics prospectives for folkloric claims of Rosa webbiana wall. Ex. Royle in diarrhea and asthma via In vitro, In vivo and In silico techniques. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116696. [PMID: 37315649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosa webbiana (Family: Rosaceae) is used by South Asian herbalists to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed at multiple targets to verify R. webbiana for treating diarrhea and asthma. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico experiments were planned to demonstrate the antispasmodic and bronchodilator potential of R. webbiana. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bioactive compounds of R. webbiana were identified and quantified through LC ESI-MS/MS and HPLC. These compounds were predicted for muti-mechanisms of bronchodilator and antispasmodic potential in network pharmacology and molecular docking. In vitro methods (isolated rabbit trachea, bladder, and jejunum tissues) confirmed these multi-mechanisms for antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects. Antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal, and antisecretory experiments were conducted in in-vivo experiments. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of rutin (742.91 μg/g), kaempferol (726.32 μg/g), and quercitrin (688.20 μg/g) in Rw. EtOH. These bioactive compounds in network pharmacology interfere with the pathogenic genes of diarrhea and asthma, which are the members of calcium-mediated signaling pathways and showed the stronger binding affinity towards voltage-gated L-type calcium channels, myosin light chain-kinase, Calcium calmodulin-dependent-kinase, Phosphodiesterase-4, and phosphoinositide phospholipase-C in molecular docking. Rw. EtOH elicited a spasmolytic response in isolated jejunum, trachea, and urine preparations by relaxing K+ (80 mM) and CCh (1 μM) spastic contractions. Additionally, it suppressed calcium concentration-response curves to the right, like verapamil. Like dicyclomine, it caused a rightward parallel shift of the CCh curves, followed by a non-parallel shift at higher concentrations with suppression of the maximal response. Like papaverine, it also caused isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs to shift to the left. Verapamil did not potentiate isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs, although it was more efficacious against K+ (80 mM) than CCh (1 μM)-induced contractions. R. webbiana EtOH extract exhibited complete antiperistalsis (21.55%), antidiarrheal (80.33%), and antisecretory (82.59±0.60) activities in vivo experiments at the dose of 300 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Thus, Rw. EtOH modulated multiple pathways, produced calcium antagonistic, anticholinergic, and phosphodiesterase inhibitory actions, and had antidiarrheal and bronchodilator effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60000) Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60000) Pakistan.
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Rahman IU, Hart RE, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Bussmann RW, Ijaz F, Khan MA, Ali H, Rahman SU, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Sher A, Calixto ES. Vegetation-environment interactions: plant species distribution and community assembly in mixed coniferous forests of Northwestern Himalayas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17228. [PMID: 37821469 PMCID: PMC10567734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main goals of ecological studies is to disentangle the dynamics that underlie the spatiotemporal distribution of biodiversity and further functions of the ecosystem. However, due to many ecological and geopolitical reasons, many remote areas with high plant species diversity have not been assessed using newly based analytical approaches for vegetation characterization. Here, we classified and characterized different vegetation types (i.e., major plant communities) based on indicator species and on the influence of different environmental gradients in the Himalayan mixed coniferous forest, Pakistan. For that, we addressed the following questions: Does the vegetation composition of the Himalayan mixed coniferous forest correlate with climatic, topographic, geographic, and edaphic variables? Is it possible to identify plant communities through indicator species in relation to environmental gradients using multivariate approaches? Can this multivariate be helpful for conservation planning? During four consecutive years we assessed the vegetation composition and environmental variables (21 variables divided in geographic, climatic, topographic, and edaphic groups) of 156 50 m-trasects between an elevation of 2000-4000 m. Using newly based analytical approaches for community characterization, we found a total of 218 plant species clustered into four plant communities with the influence of environmental gradients. The highest index of similarity was recorded between Pinus-Cedrus-Viburnum (PCV) and Viburnum-Pinus-Abies (VPA) communities, and the highest index of dissimilarity was recorded between PCV and Abies-Juniperus-Picea (AJP) communities. Among these four communities, highest number of plant species (156 species) was recorded in PCV, maximum alpha diversity (H' = 3.68) was reported in VPA, highest Simpson index (0.961) and Pielou's evenness (0.862) were reported in VPA and AJP. The edaphic gradients (i.e., organic matter, phosphorous, pH and soil texture) and climatic factors (temperature, humidity) were the strongest environmental gradients that were responsible for structuring and hosting the diverse plant communities in mixed coniferous forest. Finally, the Himalayan mixed coniferous structure is more influenced by the spatial turnover beta-diversity process (βsim) than by the species loss (nestedness-resultant, βsne). Our analysis of the vegetation structure along the environmental gradient in the Himalayan mixed coniferous forest supported by sophisticated analytical approaches reveled indicator species groups, which are associated to specific microclimatic zones (i.e., vegetation communities). Within this focus, we side with the view that these results can support conservation planning and management for similar and different areas providing mitigating and preventive measures to reduce potential negative impacts, such as anthropic and climatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.
- Department of Botany, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, 27200, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Robbie E Hart
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 1 Botanical Street, 0105, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muazzam Ali Khan
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, 24460, KP, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Siddiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, 27200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Sher
- Department of Agriculture, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri St. Louis (UMSL), Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sereno AB, Dayane Pinto C, Antunes Andrade F, Aparecida Bertolazo da Silva M, Carvalho Garcia A, Carneiro Hecke Krüger C, José de Messias Reason I. Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) on glycemic markers in animal models of diabetes: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115544. [PMID: 35963420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is traditionally used by different populations of Africa, América, Asia, and Europa to control diabetes. Although its action has been evaluated in several preclinical rodent trials, they have not been systematically analyzed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of using okra in the treatment of diabetes in experimental rodent models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Controlled and randomized rodent animal trials with induced diabetes published between January 2000 and January 2021 were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included studies comprising the descriptors: animal species, diabetes induction method, intervention time, part of okra fruit used (whole, seeds, or peels), and dose as well as observed effects on biochemical and metabolic parameters. The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement, Cochrane bias risk tool (SYRCLE's RoB tool), and registered for systematic review protocols (PROSPERO). RESULTS A total of 326 articles were identified and after the exclusion of studies with gestational animal models, non-rodent animals, and non-diabetic animals, 11 studies involving 388 rodents were selected for the synthesis of results. The diabetes induction methods included streptozotocin, streptozotocin-nicotinamide, alloxan monohydrate, insulin resistance by high-fat diets or formulation described in AIN - 76, and feeding with high-fat food. Both Wistar albino rats, Sprague-Dawley males, and rats of both sexes of the Long-Evans lineage as well as male albino mice and C57BL females were included in the experiments. Studies showed that extracts of the fruit, the fresh fruit, or its various fractions had positive effects on the following markers: glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, HOMA-IR, oral glucose tolerance test, and blood glucose, in acute (2 and 24 h), and chronic (up to 4 months) treatment. CONCLUSION An important hypoglycemic effect of okra in its various fractions on induced diabetes was observed by different authors. Moreover, okra promoted improvement in metabolic markers such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and bodyweight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiane Benevide Sereno
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Carla Dayane Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Positive University (UP), R. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, 81280-330, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Michelli Aparecida Bertolazo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Tuiuti University of Paraná (UTP), R. Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos, 238 - Santo Inacio, 82010-330, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carvalho Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Carneiro Hecke Krüger
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80.210-170, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Iara José de Messias Reason
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Rehman S, Iqbal Z, Qureshi R, Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Khan MA, Rahman SU, Eltayb WA, Rahim F, Ali H, Alzahrani Y. Ethnic practices in treating skin diseases: The traditional dermatologist's role. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:749-759. [PMID: 36070822 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study documents the role of traditional medicinal and therapeutic plants in treating various skin ailments by indigenous communities of the tribal district of North Waziristan, Pakistan. A total of 130 informants and traditional dermatologists were interviewed. They employed 77 plant species belonging to 49 families to treat various skin ailments. The leading life form reported was herbs (41 species), whereas the dominant family was Lamiaceae (5 species). Leaves were the most commonly used plant part (37 species). The most preferred mode of preparation was paste (30.38%), and the dominant mode of administration was topical (69.23%). Important medicinal plants reported in this study are recommended for further phytochemical screening for bioactive constituents, which may lead to novel drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabith Rehman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Department of Botany, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muazzam Ali Khan
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Siddiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Ali Eltayb
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, Shendi, Nher Anile, Sudan
| | - Fazli Rahim
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yahya Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ethnogynaecological Knowledge of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by the Indigenous Communities of North Waziristan, Pakistan. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6528264. [PMID: 35966728 PMCID: PMC9371843 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6528264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the beginning of civilization, medicinal plants have been used in human healthcare systems. Studies have been conducted worldwide to evaluate their efficacy, and some of the results have triggered the development of plant-based medications. Rural women in Pakistan frequently experience gynaecological disorders due to malnutrition and heavy physical work during pregnancy. Due to the low economic status, the remoteness of the area, and the lack of modern health services, herbal therapy for gynaecological disorders is common among the indigenous tribes of the study area. Methods Field surveys were carried out from April 2018 to October 2020 to collect data regarding medicinal plants used for different gynaecological disorders. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect ethnogynaecological data. Results In total, 67 medicinal plant species belonging to 38 families are being used to treat 26 different gynaecological problems. The herbaceous growth form and the Lamiaceae family were recorded with the maximum number of plant species (42 species and 7 species, respectively). Leaves are the most highly utilized plant part, with 16 species. In the case preparation method, decoction was the dominant method (25 species, 36.76%). The informants reported the maximum number of species for the treatment of irregular menstrual flow as 11 species (15.28%). The highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) value was obtained for Acacia modesta (0.37), and the use value (UV) for Tecomella undulata (0.85). The highest informants' consensus factor (ICF) value (1.0) was obtained for emmenagogue and tonic each after delivery. The highest consensus index (CI%) value was calculated for Acacia modesta (36.92%). The Lamiaceae had the highest family importance value (FIV) (98.46%). Conclusion This is the first ever quantitative study focusing mainly on ethnogynaecological study conducted in the tribal areas of North Waziristan which highlights the importance of traditional herbal remedies for their basic medical requirements. The results of this study would serve as a baseline for advanced phytochemical and pharmacological screening, as well as conservationists for further studies.
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Heger T, Zatloukal M, Kubala M, Strnad M, Gruz J. Procyanidin C1 from Viola odorata L. inhibits Na +,K +-ATPase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7011. [PMID: 35487935 PMCID: PMC9055044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Viola genus play important roles in traditional Asian herbal medicine. This study investigates the ability of Viola odorata L. extracts to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase, an essential animal enzyme responsible for membrane potential maintenance. The root extract of V. odorata strongly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase, while leaf and seeds extracts were basically inactive. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomic approach was used to identify the chemical principle of the root extract’s activity, resulting in the detection of 35,292 features. Candidate active compounds were selected by correlating feature area with inhibitory activity in 14 isolated fractions. This yielded a set of 15 candidate compounds, of which 14 were preliminarily identified as procyanidins. Commercially available procyanidins (B1, B2, B3 and C1) were therefore purchased and their ability to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase was investigated. Dimeric procyanidins B1, B2 and B3 were found to be inactive, but the trimeric procyanidin C1 strongly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase with an IC50 of 4.5 µM. This newly discovered inhibitor was docked into crystal structures mimicking the Na3E1∼P·ADP and K2E2·Pi states to identify potential interaction sites within Na+,K+-ATPase. Possible binding mechanisms and the principle responsible for the observed root extract activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Heger
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Rehman S, Iqbal Z, Qureshi R, Rahman IU, Sakhi S, Khan I, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Ali N, Khan MA, Ijaz F. Ethnoveterinary Practices of Medicinal Plants Among Tribes of Tribal District of North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:815294. [PMID: 35400104 PMCID: PMC8990162 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.815294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic animals play a vital role in the development of human civilization. Plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals, in addition to humans. The tribes of North Waziristan are extremely familiar with the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as ethnoveterinary medicines. The present study was carried out during 2018–2019 to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the tribal communities of North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In all, 56 medicinal plant species belonging to 42 families were identified, which were reported to treat 45 different animal diseases. These included 32 herbs, 12 shrubs, and 12 trees. Among the plant families, Asteraceae contributed the most species (5 spp.), followed by Amaranthaceae (4 spp.), Solanaceae (4 species), and Alliaceae, Araceae, and Lamiaceae (2 spp. each). The most common ethnoveterinary applications were documented for the treatment of blood in urine, bone injury, colic, indigestion, postpartum retention, skin diseases, constipation, increased milk production, mastitis, foot, and mouth diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabith Rehman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Inayat Ur Rahman
| | - Shazia Sakhi
- Department of Botany, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Rahman IU, Hart RE, Ijaz F, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Calixto ES, Abd_Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Kausar R, Haq SM. Environmental variables drive plant species composition and distribution in the moist temperate forests of Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260687. [PMID: 35202409 PMCID: PMC8870539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By assessing plant species composition and distribution in biodiversity hotspots influenced by environmental gradients, we greatly advance our understanding of the local plant community and how environmental factors are affecting these communities. This is a proxy for determining how climate change influences plant communities in mountainous regions ("space-for-time" substitution). We evaluated plant species composition and distribution, and how and which environmental variables drive the plant communities in moist temperate zone of Manoor valley of Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. During four consecutive years (2015-2018), we sampled 30 sampling sites, measuring 21 environmental variables, and recording all plant species present in an altitudinal variable range of 1932-3168 m.a.s.l. We used different multivariate analyses to identify potential plant communities, and to evaluate the relative importance of each environmental variable in the species composition and distribution. Finally, we also evaluated diversity patterns, by comparing diversity indices and beta diversity processes. We found that (i) the moist temperate zone in this region can be divided in four different major plant communities; (ii) each plant community has a specific set of environmental drivers; (iii) there is a significant variation in plant species composition between communities, in which six species contributed most to the plant composition dissimilarity; (iv) there is a significant difference of the four diversity indices between communities; and (v) community structure is twice more influenced by the spatial turnover of species than by the species loss. Overall, we showed that altitudinal gradients offer an important range of different environmental variables, highlighting the existence of micro-climates that drive the structure and composition of plant species in each micro-region. Each plant community along the altitudinal gradient is influenced by a set of environmental variables, which lead to the presence of indicator species in each micro-region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IUR); (REH)
| | - Robbie E. Hart
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IUR); (REH)
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Eduardo S. Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri St. Louis (UMSL), Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rukhsana Kausar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Typology of Pure Deodar Forests Driven by Vegetation–Environment Relations in Manoor Valley, Northwestern Himalaya. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current research was carried out to characterize the phytosociology of the forests of one of Pakistan’s most valuable tree species (Deodar) across its native range. In this context, our main hypothesis was that, along the altitudinal gradient, we would find different plant communities that would be driven by different environmental variables (climatic, edaphic, and physiographic). Therefore, to assess the vegetation structure of the pure Deodar forests of the unexplored Manoor Valley (Northwestern Himalaya), Pakistan, frequent field visits were carried out during different seasons of 2015–2018. Ecological methods: Line transects sampling (23 stands) and phytosociological attributes were evaluated in relation to geographical and environmental variables. Various statistical software applications (i.e., PCORD, RStudio 4.0, and R 3.6.1) were used to examine all of the gathered data of plant species and environmental variables. A total of three different plant communities (Cedrus–Isodon–Cynodon, Cedrus–Cynodon–Dryopteris, and Sambucus–Cedrus–Desmodium) were identified by grouping 162 species and 23 stands in pure Deodar forests under the influence of geographic, slope, edaphic, and climatic variables, ranging from 1580.8 to 2373.8 m. The altitude (1936–2373 m), slope angle (25–85°), sandy (29–48%) and loamy soil texture, wind speed (1.45 ms−1), and temperature (25.8 °C) all had a strong influence on the Sambucus–Cedrus–Desmodium community. In contrast with this, the Cedrus–Cynodon–Dryopteris community showed a positively significant relationship with the northeastern slope, silty (32–58%) and sandy (15.8–55%) loamy soil texture, and barometric pressure (814.3 pa). Nonetheless, the Cedrus–Isodon–Cynodon community revealed a significant positive association with the northeastern to southwestern slope, pH (6.3), wet bulb (19.7), and dew point (17.7). We found significant differences (p < 0.001) among the three communities found in the pure Deodar forests in the four diversity indexes. The Sambucus–Cedrus–Desmodium community has the maximum number of plants (129 species), Shannon’s diversity (H’ = 3.7), and Simpson’s dominance (0.98) values among the recorded communities. The Pielou’s evenness index value was led by the Cedrus–Isodon–Cynodon community (0.97). Beta diversity showed a dissimilarity lower than 50% among the three communities. Simple term effects in the canonical correspondence analysis model revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in altitude, slope angle, slope (southeastern), and wind speed variables. The present investigation sheds light on vegetation pattern and species contribution as a function of environmental gradients and provides a baseline for future studies.
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Alzain MN, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF, Ali N, Sakhi S, Khan MA, Khan U, Ijaz F, Mumtaz S, Calixto ES. Classification and Characterization of the Manoor Valley's (Lesser Himalaya) Vegetation from the Subtropical-Temperate Ecotonal Forests to the Alpine Pastures along Ecological Variables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010087. [PMID: 35009089 PMCID: PMC8747448 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant species are distributed in different types of habitats, forming different communities driven by different sets of environmental variables. Here, we assessed potential plant communities along an altitudinal gradient and their associations with different environmental drivers in the unexplored Manoor Valley (Lesser Himalaya), Pakistan. We have implemented various ecological techniques and evaluated phytosociological attributes in three randomly selected 50 m-transects within each stand (a total of 133) during different seasons for four years (2015-2018). This phytosociological exploration reported 354 plant species representing 93 different families. The results revealed that the Therophytic life form class dominated the flora, whereas Nanophyll dominated the leaf size spectra. There were a total of twelve plant communities identified, ranging from the lowest elevations to the alpine meadows and cold deserts. The maximum number of species were found in Cedrus-Pinus-Parrotiopsis community (197 species), in the middle altitudinal ranges (2292-3168 m). Our results showed that at high altitudes, species richness was reduced, whereas an increase in soil nutrients was linked to progression in vegetation indicators. We also found different clusters of species with similar habitats. Our study clearly shows how altitudinal variables can cluster different plant communities according to different microclimates. Studies such as ours are paramount to better understanding how environmental factors influence ecological and evolutionary aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: (I.U.R.); (A.A.); (F.I.)
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.U.R.); (A.A.); (F.I.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Mashail Nasser Alzain
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Shazia Sakhi
- Center of Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Azhar Khan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Uzma Khan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.U.R.); (A.A.); (F.I.)
| | - Samina Mumtaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan 15100, Pakistan;
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA;
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF, Abdalla M, Calixto ES, Sakhi S, Ali N, Bussmann RW. Species Distribution Pattern and Their Contribution in Plant Community Assembly in Response to Ecological Gradients of the Ecotonal Zone in the Himalayan Region. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112372. [PMID: 34834735 PMCID: PMC8623140 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ecotonal zones support populations that are acclimated to changing, fluctuating, and unstable conditions, and as a result, these populations are better equipped to adjust to expected change. In this context, a hypothesis was tested that there must be vegetation dominated by unique indicator plant species under the influence of ecological gradients in the ecotonal zone of Manoor Valley (northwestern Himalaya), Pakistan. Keeping the aforementioned hypothesis in mind, detailed field studies were conducted during different seasons in 2015-18. Line transect sampling and phytosociological characteristics (density, frequency, cover, and their relative values and Importance Value) were implemented as ecological methods. This investigation documented 97 plant species recorded from seven sampling sites. The community distribution modelling revealed that the ecological variables separate the seven sampling sites into two major plant communities (Indigofera-Parrotiopsis-Bistorta and Ziziphus-Leptopus-Quercus) recognized by TWINSPAN. The IBP communities showed a positive and significant correlation with altitude (1789.6-1896.3 m), sandy soil texture with a slightly acidic pH (6.4-6.5), and higher phosphorous (9-13 mg kg-1). In contrast with this, the ZLQ community was recognized on the southern slope under the strong influence of high electrical conductivity (2.82-5.4 dsm-1), organic matter (1.08-1.25%), calcium carbonate (5.8-7.6 mg kg-1), potassium (202-220 mg kg-1), and temperature (28.8-31.8 °C). Hence, both communities were found on opposite axes with clear differences based on the ecological gradients. NMDS clustered different species with similar habitats and different stands with common species, showing that plant species and stands were in a linear combination with ecological gradients. The IPB community has the maximum number of plant species (87 species), Shannon value (H' = 4), Simpson value (0.98), and Pielou's evenness value (0.96). Thus, the multivariate approaches revealed unique vegetation with sharp boundaries between communities which might be due to abrupt environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Phar Maceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA
| | - Shazia Sakhi
- Center of Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 1 Botanical Street, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia;
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Sustainable employment of folkloric botanicals and conservation practices adopted by the inhabitants of Parbati Valley of North Western Himalaya, India in healing substantial corporeal disorders. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Traditional and cultural uses of medicinal plant species in the flora of Kuz Abakhel, for the treatment of various ailments. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haq SM, Yaqoob U, Calixto ES, Rahman IU, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Alakeel MA, Alqarawi AA, Abdalla M, Hassan M, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Ur Rahman S, Ijaz F. Plant Resources Utilization among Different Ethnic Groups of Ladakh in Trans-Himalayan Region. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090827. [PMID: 34571704 PMCID: PMC8468708 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Indigenous communities are a large resource of increasingly endangered, traditionally used medicinal plants and the associated ecological knowledge, which needs to be documented quickly as the base to establish sustainable livelihoods and healthcare systems. Through the interaction of indigenous knowledge, biodiversity, and the surrounding environment, these communities have developed their livelihoods over time. In this study, we tried to obtain an in-depth understanding of ethnomedicinal, cultural, and ritual perspectives on plant diversity in the Ladakh region and evaluated how the wild flora of Ladakh could improve local livelihoods and alleviate poverty. By surveying and applying open- and close-ended semi-structured interviews and group discussions in three communities, we documented 105 ethnobotanically important plants belonging to 39 families. The Balti and Brokpa ethnic groups showed greater similarity, whereas the least overlap in plant use was observed between Beda and Brokpa. Plants common to all cultures were mostly used for medicinal applications, while some were also used for religious purposes in the two major religions (Islam and Buddhism). A total of 37 species were shared by all cultures (Balti, Brokpa, and Beda). The cluster analysis elucidated three major clusters of different ethnobotanical usage. The first cluster included food and medicinal plants, the second included clusters of dye and flavor plants, and the third included plants used for fragrance, oil, fuel wood, and fodder. Plant parts were collected based on their availability in distinct pheno-phases according to the Tibetan traditional calendar. This study’s findings revealed that plants provide tangible economic benefits to indigenous communities, in addition to aiding in the treatment of various ailments. Sustainable use and management of wild resources can help improve livelihoods and food security and alleviate poverty. Abstract The nomadic pastoral indigenous communities of the Ladakhi people share roots with Tibetan culture in terms of food, clothing, religion, festivals, and habits, and rely widely on plant resources for survival and livelihood. This survey was conducted during 2019–2021 to document the indigenous knowledge about plant resources of the Balti, Beda, and Brokpa communities of the Ladakh region, trans-Himalayas. Open- and close-ended semi-structured interviews (N = 184) and group discussions (N = 17) were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was further analyzed using various statistical tools. A total of 105 plant species belonging to 82 genera and 39 families were used as medicine, fuel wood, fragrance, oil, food, flavor, fodder, decoration, and dye. Among these, medicinal use was most prevalent, with 70% of use reports, followed by fodder and fuel wood. Leaves (27%) were the most preferred plant part used, followed by roots and flowers. The principal component analysis revealed five clusters of ethnobotanical usage, i.e., food, medicine, fuel wood, fodder, and fragrance, oil, dye, and flavor. The maximum number of plant species used was reported by the Brokpa, while the Beda reported the minimum number of plant species uses. Delphinium brunonianum, Waldheimia tomentosa, and Juniperus indica played a significant role in the cultural and religious ritual aspects, whereas Allium przewalskianum, Waldheimia tomentosa, Juniperus indica, and Hippophae rhamnoides were commonly used as a livelihood source among Ladakhi communities. The local people collected most plants (65%) for self-consumption, while the rest (35%) were sold in markets as a source of income. The sustainable utilization and management of plant resources by local people is a strategy to boost livelihoods and food security and alleviate poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Srinagar 190006, India; (S.M.H.); (U.Y.)
- Wildlife Crime Control Division, Wildlife Trust of India, Noida 201301, India
| | - Umer Yaqoob
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Srinagar 190006, India; (S.M.H.); (U.Y.)
| | | | - Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Maha Abdullah Alakeel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan 250012, China;
| | | | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 1 Botanical Street, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia;
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Sami Ur Rahman
- Nawaz Sharif Kidney Teaching Hospital and Postgraduate Institute Manglawar, Swat 19200, Pakistan;
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Bussmann RW, Alsamadany H, Calixto ES, Shah GM, Kausar R, Shah M, Ali N, Ijaz F. Ecological gradients hosting plant communities in Himalayan subalpine pastures: Application of multivariate approaches to identify indicator species. ECOL INFORM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Immunomodulatory Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Infusions from Cleavers Herb. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163721. [PMID: 32824103 PMCID: PMC7464609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts from aerial parts of G. aparine (cleavers) constitute a herbal remedy with monography in British Herbal Pharmacopeia. On the European market, there are several drugs and food supplements consisting of Galium extracts. In folk medicine, cleavers was used topically in Europe, Asia, and the Americas to treat skin diseases. In several remedies, cleavers is also listed as an immunomodulatory active herb influencing the defense response of the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity and antioxidant potential in vitro of a raw infusion of cleavers and bioactive fractions. The functional activity of lymphocytes in the reaction of the lymphocyte blast transformation (RLBT) method was used for immunomodulatory activity assays and direct scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was chosen for the examination of antioxidant activity. It was shown that both the raw extract and fractions show significant immunostimulatory and scavenging activities. The obtained data partially justify the traditional use of cleavers as topical remedy for skin infections and for wounds.
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Gerometta E, Grondin I, Smadja J, Frederich M, Gauvin-Bialecki A. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Indigofera. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112608. [PMID: 32004627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigofera is the third-largest genus in the family of Fabaceae, with approximately 750 species. It is distributed across all tropical regions. Indigofera species are widely employed in traditional medicine all around the world, against many ailments. Thus, based on these medicinal properties, various investigations have been undertaken in order to appraise the pharmacological activities and the chemical composition of these species. A recent paper provides a summary of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Indigofera. Consequently, this review is a continuation of this previous study by updating some data and adding information about the phylogeny and traditional uses of the genus. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide an overview of the phylogeny, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of the genus Indigofera, and to identify the remaining gaps and thus supply a basis for further investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases such as 'ScienceDirect', 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar' and 'SpringerLink' and using the keyword Indigofera. RESULTS Over 60 Indigofera species are reported in traditional medicine. The uses depend on the country and the species, but similarities have been noticed. Indeed, treatments of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory conditions and pain, skin ailments, and respiratory and infectious diseases are recurring. Phytochemical studies have led to the identification of more than 200 compounds, notably flavonoids and terpenoids. Many pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, particularly antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities, and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of the genus. Some active compounds have been isolated and have shown remarkable therapeutic potential, like the alkaloid indirubin, which is currently being clinically trialed. CONCLUSIONS The data on the genus Indigofera are extensive, but gaps still remain. Indeed, some promising species have not been assessed for their phytochemistry and/or pharmacology and thus remain unexplored. Moreover, relatively few active compounds have been isolated and tested for their biological activity, and studies to explain their mechanism of action are nearly inexistent. Furthermore, some pharmacological studies have inappropriate methodologies that make the results difficult to interpret. Consequently, further in-depth and relevant research is required to supplement the knowledge on this wide-ranging genus and to confirm its reported therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gerometta
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Isabelle Grondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Jacqueline Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Michel Frederich
- Université de Liège, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
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Mahendran G, Rahman L. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (
Mentha × piperita
L.)—A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2088-2139. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Mahendran
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR‐CIMAP) Lucknow India
| | - Laiq‐Ur Rahman
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR‐CIMAP) Lucknow India
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Traditional usage of medicinal plants among the local communities of Peshawar valley, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Herbal Teas and Drinks: Folk Medicine of the Manoor Valley, Lesser Himalaya, Pakistan. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120581. [PMID: 31817913 PMCID: PMC6963793 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the remarkable achievements in the healthcare sector over recent decades, inequities in accessibility and affordability of these facilities coexist throughout Pakistan. Thus, we aimed to explore and document the cultural knowledge of herbal teas used medicinally by the local community members of Manoor Valley, Pakistan. Field investigations were undertaken during the summer season of 2015–2017, and cultural practices of medicinal plant usage for treating various ailments were gathered through interviews of the local inhabitants. Ethnomedicinal insights of the medicinal plants used in herbal teas were gained with different indexes. Our results revealed 27 plant species, comprising of herbs (70%), shrubs (26%), and trees (4%), which were used for treating 21 diseases. Plants belonged to 18 families: Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the leading families used for treating diseases. Diarrhea and gas troubles were the most frequent diseases. Based on indexes values, Cannabissativa was the dominant species used. The results revealed that 57% of medicinal uses are new to literature. This ethnomedicinal study is providing the first insights into the traditional medication system of Lesser Himalaya, Pakistan, through ethnomedicinal teas.
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Exploring threatened traditional knowledge; ethnomedicinal studies of rare endemic flora from Lesser Himalayan region of Pakistan. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Chabán MF, Karagianni C, Joray MB, Toumpa D, Sola C, Crespo MI, Palacios SM, Athanassopoulos CM, Carpinella MC. Antibacterial effects of extracts obtained from plants of Argentina: Bioguided isolation of compounds from the anti-infectious medicinal plant Lepechinia meyenii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111930. [PMID: 31059749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The mostly native species from Argentina are used in traditional medicine generally for the treatment of pain and inflammation, respiratory, gastro-intestinal and urinary disorders and as antiseptics. AIM OF THE STUDY Since these ailments may be associated with bacterial infections and that it is necessary to discover alternative compounds with antibacterial activity, 69 extracts from these plants were screened for their activity against pathogenic bacteria. The most effective extract was then submitted to bioguided isolation to obtain the compounds responsible for this activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts and fractions were screened using agar dilution, and compounds using microbroth dilution methods. A large panel of pathogenic bacteria was used, especially methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Bioguided fractionation was performed using successive chromatographic techniques, while the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, a series of derivatives of the most active compound were prepared in order to study the chemical features required for achieving the antibacterial effect. RESULTS Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling (Lamiaceae) extract showed itself the most effective, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram positive and negative bacteria ranging from 62.5 to 500 μg/mL, and showing better activity on MRSA than on MSSA. Activity-guided fractionation yielded the abietanes carnosol (1), rosmanol (2) and carnosic acid (3) as active principles, with MICs ranging from 15.6-31.2, 15.6-62.5 and 7.8-15.6 μg/mL, respectively against 15 MRSA strains, and 15.6-31.2, 31.2-62.5 and 7.8-15.6 μg/mL, respectively against 11 MSSA strains, maintaining higher activity against the resistant bacteria, as does the extract. In addition, Enterococcus faecalis was sensitive to 1-3 with MICs of 15.6-62.5 μg/mL. The structure activity analysis showed that 12-OH is necessary for remarkable activity, but methylation in C-20 significantly increased this, as observed with 20-methyl carnosate (5) displaying the greatest effect, even more so than 3, with MICs of 3.9 μg/mL against all the tested MRSA and 3.9-7.8 μg/mL against the MSSA. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study contribute to validate the traditional antibacterial use of species native to Argentina, particularly of L. meyenii. The chemical structures of the compounds obtained may aid the design of antibacterial agents, especially those effective against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Funes Chabán
- IRNASUS CONICET and Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Avda. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Catherine Karagianni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Mariana Belén Joray
- IRNASUS CONICET and Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Avda. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Dimitra Toumpa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Claudia Sola
- CIBICI CONICET and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre and Medina Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Inés Crespo
- IRNASUS CONICET and Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Avda. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sara María Palacios
- IRNASUS CONICET and Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Avda. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - María Cecilia Carpinella
- IRNASUS CONICET and Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Avda. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Khan K, Rahman IU, Calixto ES, Ali N, Ijaz F. Ethnoveterinary Therapeutic Practices and Conservation Status of the Medicinal Flora of Chamla Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:122. [PMID: 31157243 PMCID: PMC6532436 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic animals play a very important role in the human civilization. Besides human being, plants are used as medicines for many domestic animals. The therapeutic practices are very common among the tribes of Chamla, rich in ethnoveterinary medicinal plants. Due to poor availability of modern healthcare facilities and poverty of indigenous people, they depend on local medicinal plants for the healthcare of their domestic animals. This study is the first attempt to document the indigenous knowledge and evaluate the conservation status of medicinal plants and practices of herbal remedies by the local people of Chamla Valley in the treatment of their livestock. Semi-structured questionnaire was used and 120 local inhabitants were interviewed to note the traditional practices regarding plant species uses. Well-known statistical indices, Use Value formula and Relative Frequency Citations were used for quantification of the recorded data. It was observed that 50 medicinal plants belonging to 38 families were reported, where Poaceae was the most cited. The common livestock are goats, sheep, buffalos, cows, bulls, and donkeys. Most of the herbs, which are used in livestock treatment, are wild and few plants are cultivated. The common livestock diseases are red water, 3 days sickness, diarrhea, tympany, and indigestion among others. Most of the plants are used in fresh condition. According to the results, Brassica nigra was used for placenta retention, Butea monosperma for constipation, Calotropis procera for indigestion and 3 days sickness. Canabis sativa, Cedrella serrata, Allium sativum, and Origanum vulgare were used for fever. The traditional plant collection techniques have resulted in huge losses of these valuable plant resources. The ethnobotanical conservation assessment revealed that due to increased exploitation and un-sustainable harvesting, 49% of these economically valued medicinal plant species are decreasing in last 30 years. Some of the plants are only present on high altitudes while they had been finished in the foothills like Paeonia emodi and Berberis lycium. Lack of scientific knowledge, ignorance, poverty, and joblessness, as well as land development, construction and fires, add more pressure on flora and fauna of the area and various species are under the threat of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.,William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ijaz F, Ali N, Bussmann RW. Traditional and ethnomedicinal dermatology practices in Pakistan. Clin Dermatol 2018; 36:310-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ijaz F, Ali N, Shah M, Ullah S, Bussmann RW. Historical perspectives of ethnobotany. Clin Dermatol 2018; 37:382-388. [PMID: 31345328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethnobotany is the study of the direct interaction between plants and man in his culture. From time immemorial, man has been depending on Mother Nature for all his basic needs and plant diversity that existed around him always attracted his curiosity. Man's preliminary interest in plants started from his need for food, shelter, protection and then his attention shifted to the remedies for injuries and diseases. In fact, medicine and botany always had strong and close connections, as most of the modern medicines come from plant sources. The current venture reviews the developments and perspectives of ethnobotany in global scenarios. We have summarized the available literature and documentations regarding the historic background of ethnobotany. A survey of the literature survey reveals that plant resources were cited around the globe for curing almost all disease categories i.e. skin disorders, respiratory disorders, digestive disorders, urinary disorders, cardiac disorders, ophthalmic disorders, ear nose throat (ENT) disorders, excretory disorders, nervous disorders, immunity disorders and so on. The orally exchanged customary information/knowledge is in the hands of elders, and most of it can vanish after their deaths and could lead to the depletion of such imperative information. The ethnic society resources, like the folk asset in association with a nature of investigated and surveyed areas, can be conserved through documentation. The natural chemical compounds from plants may be screened and isolated. Plants with therapeutic uses should be tested in studies by using those isolated natural compounds in laboratories to screen and evaluate of plants metabolites with potential therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan; William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia
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Ahmad M, Butt MA, Zhang G, Sultana S, Tariq A, Zafar M. Bergenia ciliata: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:708-721. [PMID: 29102914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergenia ciliata is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of kidney stones. The presented review is the first attempt to gather utmost information about the distribution, ethno-medicines, phytochemical analysis, pharmacology and toxicology of B. ciliata. This review was designed with the aim to compile fragmented information about B. ciliata in addition to explore its therapeutic potential and future research opportunities. A total of 185 research papers were reviewed using several data sources such as; Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science direct and PubMed. Results of this review revealed that B. ciliata is being used to cure 104 different types of ailments. Although among reported disorders B. ciliata showed high potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders but it is well known for the treatment of kidney disorders particularly kidney stones. Literature review showed that traditional healers mostly utilize it in powder form. Moreover, B. ciliata was reported to possess high antifungal, antiviral, anti plasmodial and antibacterial activities. Pharmacological studies reported that it has good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-ulcer and anti-neoplastic activities. Variety of secondary metabolites belonging to different classes of compounds such as phenols, alcohols, terpenoids and fatty acid were reportedly isolated from B. ciliata. In spite of having better efficiency of ethno medicines and good pharmacological potential, B. ciliata has also shown toxic effects on living system in several studies. We invite the attention of researchers to carry out detailed ethno-pharmacological and toxicological studies on this valuable plant species in order to provide reliable knowledge to the patients and discover more novel compounds for the development of new drugs with fewer side effects on the living system as compare to modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan; Center of Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041 China.
| | - Maryam Akram Butt
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center of Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan; Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bio Resource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Exploring Alternative Use of Medicinal Plants for Sustainable Weed Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9081468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Ahmad Jan H, Wali S, Ahmad L, Jan S, Ahmad N, Ullah N. Ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants of Chinglai valley, Buner district, Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Iqbal Z, Afzal A, Ali N, Afzal M, Khan MA, Muhammad S, Qadir G, Asif M. A novel survey of the ethno medicinal knowledge of dental problems in Manoor Valley (Northern Himalaya), Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:877-894. [PMID: 27794507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the study area, the traditional knowledge and cultural practices of utilizing medicinal plants in the human healthcare is primarily restricted to the old age members of the community, while younger generation is mostly unaware of the natural wealth usage. AIM OF THE STUDY We provide the first ever ethno medicinal insights into the management of dental disorders in Pakistan. The prime objective of the study was to explore novel knowledge of these local and remote community members and share it with rest of the world in documented form. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field surveys were arranged for collection and documentation of medicinal plants of Manoor valley during 2015. Total 71 local inhabitants were interviewed randomly through questionnaire. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed using the use value (UVi), relative frequency citations (RFCs), fidelity level index (FL%) and consensus index (CI%). For novel uses all plants were thoroughly checked with previously published articles on the same disorder and analyzed through Jaccard index (JI) and Sorensen's similarity index (QS). The collected specimens after confirmation were submitted to the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan (HUP). RESULTS In present study 25 plants belonging to 17 families are reported, these plants were used commonly as ethno medicine. There were herbs (64%), shrubs (20%) and trees (16%) whereas, Lamiaceae with 4 species was the leading family. Majority of medicinal plant species were used in treatment of toothache (38%), wound healing (19%), gum infections (16%) whereas and lowest percentage of species were used for mouth ulcer as well as teeth powder (3%). Leaves were the most widely part used plant part in the treatment of different diseases (36%). Dominated medicinal plants with high used values were Juglans regia (UVi=0.94), Rumex dentatus (0.89) and Indigofera heterantha (0.88). Based on the RFC values, the most valuable and cited medicinal plant species used by the traditional drivers are Juglans regia having (RFCs=0.69) and Rumex dentatus (0.58). CI results show that most respondents percentage was for Juglans regia having CI%=69%, followed by Rumex dentatus (57.7%). Medicinal plants with high fidelity level and reported for one dental disorder were Berberis lycium, Geranium wallichianum, Lathyrus aphaca, Platanus orientalis, Sedum spp. and Urtica dioica for toothache. Further, new medicinal uses of Abies pindrow, Ajuga integrifolia, Berberis lycium, Urtica dioica, Indigofera heterantha were recorded for the first time from Pakistan and Astragalus grahamianus, Corydalis cornuta, Prunella vulgaris, Ranunculus muricatus, Rumex hastatus, Stellaria media, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale and Lathyrus aphaca, across the world for the current reported medicinal uses. All mentioned plant species are reported for the first time ever for dental disorders from Manoor Valley. Nonetheless, this is a novel study as no single ethno medicinal study on dental disorder up-till now has been reported from Pakistan. CONCLUSION The present study is the first ever documentation of ethno medicinal practices aiming at the dental disorders in Pakistan, which resulted in 64% of medicinal uses new claims. So, the reported species of remote valley should be further evaluated for proper experimentation and pharmacological activities to authenticate their current traditional usage. Field observation revealed vegetation of the area was generally threatened due to its unwise use by the local communities. Trends like deforestation, over grazing, habitat fragmentation and introduction of the exotic taxa were the visible threats. So conservation of such an important natural God gifted treasure is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan.
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan.
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | | | - Said Muhammad
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
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Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ali N, Khan MA, Afzal M, Muhammad S, Qadir G, Asif M. Graphical dataset on important medicinal plants used for curing dental issues in Manoor Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Data Brief 2016; 9:1028-1033. [PMID: 27900356 PMCID: PMC5123063 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The graphical dataset in this paper is related to the research article entitled “A novel survey of the ethno medicinal knowledge of dental problems in Manoor Valley (Northern Himalaya), Pakistan” (I.U. Rahman, F. Ijaz, Z. Iqbal, A. Afzal, N. Ali, M. Afzal, M.A. Khan, S. Muhammad, G. Qadir, M. Asif, 2016) [1]. This article describes how the local community of Manoor Valley practices cultural / traditional knowledge for dental problems. For the recorded data of 25 medicinal plants, six quantitative ethnomedicinal statistical approaches / equations were used. Out of these indices, four were used to measure the most imported and cited medicinal plant species while two for the comparative analysis to evaluate the novelty of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, KP, Pakistan
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