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Dong B, Peng Y, Wang M, Peng C, Li X. Multi-omics integrated analyses indicated that non-polysaccharides of Sijunzi decoction ameliorated spleen deficiency syndrome via regulating microbiota-gut-metabolites axis and exerted synergistic compatibility. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118276. [PMID: 38697408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula to invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is composed of four herbs, which is applied to cure spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) clinically. The non-polysaccharides (NPSs) of SJZD (SJZD_NPS) are important pharmacodynamic material basis. However, the amelioration mechanism of SJZD_NPS on SDS has not been fully elaborated. Additionally, the contribution of herbs compatibility to efficacy of this formula remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim was to explore the underlying mechanisms of SJZD_NPS on improving SDS, and uncover the scientific connotation in SJZD compatibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS A strategy integrating incomplete formulae (called "Chai-fang" in Chinese) comparison, pharmacodynamics, gut microbiome, and metabolome was employed to reveal the role of each herb to SJZD compatibility against SDS. Additionally, the underlying mechanism harbored by SJZD_NPS was further explored through targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, pseudo-sterile model, and metagenomics. RESULTS SJZD_NPS significantly alleviated diarrhea, disordered secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, damage of ileal morphology and intestinal barrier in SDS rats, which was superior to the NPSs of Chai-fang. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analyses revealed that SJZD_NPS effectively restored the disturbed gut microbiota community and abnormal metabolism caused by SDS, showing the most evident recovery. Moreover, SJZD_NPS recalled the levels of partial amino acids, short chain fatty acids and bile acids, which possessed strong binding affinity towards potential targets. The depletion of gut microbiota confirmed that the SDS-amelioration efficacy of SJZD_NPS is dependent on the intact gut microbiome, with the relative abundance of potential probiotics such as Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Lactobacillus_taiwanensis been enriched. CONCLUSION NPSs in SJZD can improve SDS-induced gastrointestinal-nervous system dysfunction through regulating microbiota-gut-metabolites axis, with four herbs exerting synergistic effects, which indicated the compatibility rationality of SJZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Li H, Pu X, Lin Y, Yu X, Li J, Bo L, Wang H, Xu Y, Li X, Zheng D. Sijunzi decoction alleviates inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier damage and modulates the gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360972. [PMID: 38650625 PMCID: PMC11033371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance As a representative classical prescription, Sijunzi decoction has powerful therapeutic effects on spleen-stomach qi insufficiency. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, diffuse, and non-specifically inflammatory disorder, the etiology of which still remains unclear. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, splenic asthenia is the primary cause of UC. Based on this, Sijunzi decoction has been extensively used in TCM clinical practice to alleviate UC in recent years. However, the pharmacological mechanism of Sijunzi decoction in modern medicine is still not completely clear, which limits its clinical application. Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to investigate the Sijunzi decoction's curative effect on acute UC mice and probe into its potential pharmacological mechanism. Materials and methods The UC mouse model was set up by freely ingesting a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution. The relieving role of Sijunzi decoction on UC in mice was analyzed by evaluating the changes in clinical parameters, colon morphology, histopathology, inflammatory factor content, intestinal epithelial barrier protein expression level, and gut microbiota balance state. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationship between inflammatory factors, intestinal epithelial barrier proteins, and gut microbiota. Results First, the research findings revealed that Sijunzi decoction could visibly ease the clinical manifestation of UC, lower the DAI score, and attenuate colonic damage. Moreover, Sijunzi decoction could also significantly inhibit IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α while increasing occludin and ZO-1 expression levels. Subsequently, further studies showed that Sijunzi decoction could remodel gut microbiota homeostasis. Sijunzi decoction was beneficial in regulating the levels of Alistipes, Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and other bacteria. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that key gut microbes were closely associated with inflammatory factors and intestinal epithelial barrier proteins. Conclusion Sijunzi decoction can significantly prevent and treat UC. Its mechanism is strongly associated with the improvement of inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier damage by regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Pu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongtao Lin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Zhao WX, Wang T, Zhang YN, Chen Q, Wang Y, Xing YQ, Zheng J, Duan CC, Chen LJ, Zhao HJ, Wang SJ. Molecular Mechanism of Polysaccharides Extracted from Chinese Medicine Targeting Gut Microbiota for Promoting Health. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:171-180. [PMID: 35583582 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulating evidence revealed that gut microbiota plays an important role in pathological process of disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine (CM) can not only alleviate pathological status but also promote health by anti-inflammatory, regulating immunity, lowering blood glucose and lipids, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidation. The alterations of gut microbiota composition and metabolism pathways are the potential mechanisms of CM polysaccharides treatment. In addition, they exert functions through gut-organ axis or play an indirect role by synergistic actions with other drugs or components mediated by gut microbiota. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of CM polysaccharides interacted with intestinal microbial inhabitants as potential prebiotics for promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiao Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Yan-Qing Xing
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Chen-Chen Duan
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhao
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
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Dong B, Peng Y, Wang M, Peng C, Li X. The compatibility rationality of Sijunzi decoction based on integrated analysis of tissue distribution and excretion characteristics in spleen deficiency syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117376. [PMID: 37918551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a classical prescription for treating spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS), Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (RG, Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.), Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AM, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), Poria (Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle (GRP, processed from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). The non-polysaccharides (NPSs) are the pharmacodynamic substance basis of SJZD, whose pharmacokinetics in SDS rats were elaborated previously. Further study on their tissue distribution and excretion properties is of significance for understanding the compatibility laws of SJZD. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim was to unravel the tissue distribution and excretion characteristics of NPSs of SJZD in SDS rats, and explore the scientific connotation of SJZD compatibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS A validated ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for monitoring the accurate dynamics of sixteen components in the tissues, feces and urine of SDS rats. The four incomplete formulae of SJZD were prepared by randomly deleting one herb to uncover the herb-herb interactions. RESULTS All components of NPSs in SJZD were distributed in the tissues, except for ononin in the heart. Among them, glycyrrhetinic acid and atractylenolide III were more abundant in the liver and lung, respectively, while other components were enriched in the ileum, especially saponins. The evaluation of fecal excretion and urinary excretion revealed the low cumulative excretion of all components. The comparative analysis of incomplete formulae indicated that the tissue distribution and excretion became faster after removing Poria from SJZD, while a lack of RG led to slower tissue distribution. The tissue distribution at most time points was reduced when AM was absent. Further comprehensive visualization implied that SJZD compatibility can improve tissue distribution of the NPSs, especially ginsenosides and atractylenolide, at the specific time periods. CONCLUSION The tissue distribution and excretion characteristics of NPSs of SJZD were elucidated in current research. Meanwhile, this study proposed new insights into the mechanism of SJZD compatibility rationality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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He Y, Qi A, Gu Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Yang W, Bi L, Gong Y, Jiao L, Xu L. Clinical Efficacy and Gut Microbiota Regulating-Related Effect of Si-Jun-Zi Decoction in Postoperative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241237973. [PMID: 38504436 PMCID: PMC10953039 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241237973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients frequently encounter a deteriorated quality of life (QOL), disturbed immune response, and disordered homeostasis. Si-Jun-Zi Decoction (SJZD), a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula, is frequently employed in clinical application for many years. Exploration is underway to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of SJZD for treating postoperative NSCLC. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of SJZD on QOLs, hematological parameters, and regulations of gut microbiota in postoperative NSCLC patients. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was conducted, enrolling 65 postoperative NSCLC patients between May 10, 2020 and March 15, 2021 in Yueyang Hospital, with 33 patients in SJZD group and 32 patients in control (CON) group. The SJZD group comprised of patients who received standard treatments and the SJZD decoction, while the CON group consisted of those only underwent standard treatments. The treatment period was 4 weeks. The primary outcome was QOL. The secondary outcomes involved serum immune cell and inflammation factor levels, safety, and alterations in gut microbiota. RESULTS SJZD group showed significant enhancements in cognitive functioning (P = .048) at week 1 and physical functioning (P = .019) at week 4. Lung cancer-specific symptoms included dyspnea (P = .001), coughing (P = .008), hemoptysis (P = .034), peripheral neuropathy (P = .019), and pain (arm or shoulder, P = .020, other parts, P = .019) eased significantly in the fourth week. Anemia indicators such as red blood cell count (P = .003 at week 1, P = .029 at week 4) and hemoglobin (P = .016 at week 1, P = .048 at week 4) were significantly elevated by SJZD. SJZD upregulated blood cell cluster differentiation (CD)3+ (P = .001 at week 1, P < .001 at week 4), CD3+CD4+ (P = .012 at week 1), CD3+CD8+ (P = .027 at week 1), CD19+ (P = .003 at week 4), increased anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 (P = .004 at week 1, P = .003 at week 4), and decreased pro-inflammatory IL-8 (P = .004 at week 1, p = .005 at week 4). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that SJZD had a significant impact on increasing microbial abundance and diversity, enriching probiotic microbes, and regulating microbial biological functions. CONCLUSIONS SJZD appears to be an effective and safe treatment for postoperative NSCLC patients. As a preliminary observational study, this study provides a foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun He
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Qi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congmeng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zeng W, Chen Y, Zhang H, Peng L, Li Y, Liu B, Liang H, Du B, Li P. Probiotic-fermented Qushi decoction alleviates reserpine-induced spleen deficiency syndrome by regulating spleen function and gut microbiota dysbiosis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7702-7711. [PMID: 37439120 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) is associated with elevated inflammatory factors and dysregulation of gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. Qushi decoction (QD), a traditional formula, has not been reported using modern scientific research methods for changes in its probiotic fermented QD (FQD) composition and its potential mechanisms to alleviate SDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the splenic protection of FQD in SDS rats by modulating gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. RESULTS The results showed that FQD increased total polysaccharides, total protein, total flavonoids and the other active ingredients compared to QD, effectively improved splenic inflammation and apoptosis in SDS rats, and modulated gastrointestinal motility hormones to alleviate diarrhea and other symptoms. In addition, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota was reversed by increasing the levels of Bifidobacterium and decreasing the levels of Escherichia-Shigella and Proteobacteria, which may be related to the regulation of bacterial metabolites to alleviate SDS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FQD is an effective formula for improving SDS. Our findings show that FQD beneficial to the implications for the treatment of SDS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshen Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luwei Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Xue H, Mei C, Wang F, Tang X. Relationship among Chinese herb polysaccharide (CHP), gut microbiota, and chronic diarrhea and impact of CHP on chronic diarrhea. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5837-5855. [PMID: 37823142 PMCID: PMC10563694 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea, including diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), osmotic diarrhea, bile acid diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, is a common problem which is highly associated with disorders of the gut microbiota composition such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and so on. A growing number of studies have supported the view that Chinese herbal formula alleviates the symptoms of diarrhea by modulating the fecal microbiota. Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in Chinese herbs and function as important active ingredients. Commensal gut microbiota has an extensive capacity to utilize CHPs and play a vital role in degrading polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Many CHPs, as prebiotics, have an antidiarrheal role to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review systematically summarizes the relationship among gut microbiota, chronic diarrhea, and CHPs as well as recent progress on the impacts of CHPs on the gut microbiota and recent advances on the possible role of CHPs in chronic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xue
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun‐Feng Mei
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng‐Yun Wang
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐Dong Tang
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Zhao H, Ma X, Song J, Jiang J, Fei X, Luo Y, Ru Y, Luo Y, Gao C, Kuai L, Li B. From gut to skin: exploring the potential of natural products targeting microorganisms for atopic dermatitis treatment. Food Funct 2023; 14:7825-7852. [PMID: 37599562 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02455e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Recent studies have revealed that interactions between pathogenic microorganisms, which have a tendency to parasitize the skin of AD patients, play a significant role in the progression of the disease. Furthermore, specific species of commensal bacteria in the human intestinal tract can have a profound impact on the immune system by promoting inflammation and pruritogenesis in AD, while also regulating adaptive immunity. Natural products (NPs) have emerged as promising agents for the treatment of various diseases. Consequently, there is growing interest in utilizing natural products as a novel therapeutic approach for managing AD, with a focus on modulating both skin and gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and interplay between the skin and gut microbiota in relation to AD. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent clinical and fundamental research on NPs targeting the skin and gut microbiota for AD treatment. We anticipate that our work will contribute to the future development of NPs and facilitate research on microbial mechanisms, based on the efficacy of NPs in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jingsi Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiaoya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunjie Gao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Bai Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Zhang R, Huang F, Fan B, Tong L, Wang F, Zhang M. Longan pulp polysaccharides regulate gut microbiota and metabolites to protect intestinal epithelial barrier. Food Chem 2023; 422:136225. [PMID: 37156018 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Longan pulp polysaccharide is a bioactive component with prebiotic activity and intestinal barrier protection. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of digestion and fermentation on the bioavailability and intestinal barrier protection of polysaccharide LPIIa from longan pulp. The molecular weight of LPIIa didn't change significantly after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. After fecal fermentation, 56.02% of LPIIa was consumed by gut microbiota. The short-chain fatty acid level in LPIIa group was 51.63% higher than that in blank group. LPIIa intake also increased short-chain fatty acid production and G-protein-coupled receptor 41 expression in the colon of mice. Moreover, LPIIa improved the relative richness of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Bifidobacterium in colon content. Compared to LPIIa, fecal fermented LPIIa better protected intestinal epithelial barrier by increasing Zonula occludens-1 expression. These results provided an important basis for the design of functional food based on longan polysaccharides to prevent intestinal barrier damage related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 572025, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China/College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 572025, PR China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 572025, PR China
| | - Litao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 572025, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
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Jiang Q, Xie C, Chen L, Xiao H, Xie Z, Zhu X, Ma L, Yan X. Identification of gut microbes associated with feed efficiency by daily-phase feeding strategy in growing-finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 12:42-53. [PMID: 36381065 PMCID: PMC9647424 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Feed efficiency is one of the most important issues for sustainable pig production. Daily-phase feeding (DPF) is a form of precision feeding that could improve feed efficiency in pigs. Gut microbiota can regulate host nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. However, which key microbes may play a vital role in improving the feed efficiency during DPF remains unclear. In the present study, we used a DPF program compared to a three-phase feeding (TPF) program in growing-finishing pigs to investigate the effects of gut microbiota on feed efficiency. A total of 204 Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (75 d) were randomly assigned into 2 treatments. Each treatment was replicated 8 times with 13 to 15 pigs per replicate pen. Pigs in the TPF group were fed with a commercial feeding program that supplied fixed feed for phases I, II, and III, starting at 81, 101, and 132 d of age, respectively, and pigs in the DPF group were fed a blend of adjacent phase feed from 81 to 155 d at a gradual daily ratio and phase III feed from 155 to 180 d of age. Daily feed intake and body weight were recorded by a computerized device in the feeders. Feces and blood samples were collected from 1 pig per replicate at 155 and 180 d of age. The results showed that the DPF program remarkably improved the feed efficiency at 155 d (P < 0.001) and 180 d of age (P < 0.001), with a significant reduction of the intake of crude protein (P < 0.01), net energy (P < 0.001), crude fiber (P < 0.001), ether extract (P < 0.01), and ash (P < 0.001). The daily-phase feeding program increased the abundance of Prevotella copri (P < 0.05) and Paraprevotella clara (P < 0.05), while it decreased the abundance of Ocilibacter (P < 0.05) at 155 d of age. The results of correlation analysis indicated that the differentially abundant microbiota communities were closely associated with 20 metabolites which enriched amino acid and phenylalanine metabolism. Our results suggest that 2 key microbes may contribute to feed efficiency during daily-phase feeding strategies in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hongli Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhilian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Pu Z, Chen X, Dong B, Ma P, Li X. Multiple approaches to characterize and visualize the chemical composition of Sijunzi Decoction comprehensively. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200737. [PMID: 36807552 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Sijunzi Decoction is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, and it is a classic formula for treating spleen deficiency syndrome in Chinese medicine. Clarifying the active substances is an effective way to develop Traditional Chinese medicine and innovative medicines. Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and inorganic elements in the decoction were analyzed by multiple approaches. A molecular network was also used for visualizing the ingredients in Sijunzi Decoction, and representative components were also quantified. The detected components accounted for 74.544% of the Sijunzi Decoction freeze-dried powder, including 41.751% crude polysaccharides, 17.826% sugars (degree of polymerization 1-2), 8.181% total saponins, 2.427% insoluble precipitates, 2.154% free amino acids, 1.177% total flavonoids, 0.546% total phenolic acids, and 0.483% inorganic elements. Molecular network and quantitative analysis used to characterize the chemical composition of Sijunzi Decoction. The present study systematically characterized the constituents of Sijunzi Decoction, revealed the composition ratio of each type of constituent, and provided a reference for study on the substance basis of other Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjin Pu
- Traditional Chinese medicine Genomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Traditional Chinese medicine Genomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bangjian Dong
- Traditional Chinese medicine Genomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ma
- Traditional Chinese medicine Genomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Traditional Chinese medicine Genomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, P. R. China
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12
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Liu F, Nong X, Qu W, Li X. Weikangling capsules combined with omeprazole ameliorates ethanol-induced chronic gastritis by regulating gut microbiota and EGF-EGFR-ERK pathway. Life Sci 2023; 315:121368. [PMID: 36623766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Weikangling capsules (WKLCs) have been widely used in the treatment of chronic gastritis. Whether used alone or combined with omeprazole (OME), it shows a significant effect. However, the mechanisms haven't been established. The study aimed to explore the mechanisms of WKLCs and its combination with OME on chronic gastritis. MAIN METHODS The components of WKLCs and EA (the ethyl acetate extraction extracted from WKLCs) fraction were analyzed. Then chronic gastritis model rats were induced by 56 % ethanol and treated with OME, low dose of WKLCs (WKL), high dose of WKLCs (WKH), WKLCs combined with OME (WO), and EA fraction (EA) to evaluate the mechanisms of WKLCs, drug combination and EA fraction. KEY FINDINGS A total of 22 components of WKLCs were quantified, among them 18 were enriched in EA fraction. WKLCs alleviated the morphology and inflammation of gastric mucosa and downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in serum by inhibiting the EGF-EGFR-ERK pathway, regulating gut microbiota composition and SCFAs contents in feces. WKLCs plus OME was better than OME. EA fraction improved digestive function by increasing pepsin activity and decreasing gastrointestinal hormones (GAS and VIP) compared with WKLCs. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidated that the effect of WKLCs and its combination with OME in the treatment of chronic gastritis was attributed to regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and inhibiting the EGF-EGFR-ERK pathway. The EA fraction is an inseparable effective substance of WKLCs. This study provides scientific evidence for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Nong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenhua Qu
- Heilongjiang Sunflower Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Heilongjiang 150070, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Dong B, Ma P, Chen X, Peng Y, Peng C, Li X. Drug-polysaccharide/herb interactions and compatibility rationality of Sijunzi decoction based on comprehensive pharmacokinetic screening for multi-components in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115871. [PMID: 36309112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is composed of four herbs, namely Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (RG, Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.), Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AM, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), Poria (Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle (GRP, derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) based on the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is a classical formula for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) in TCM. The polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides (NPSs) composition represented by flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids are the important pharmacodynamic material basis of SJZD. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of SJZD in normal rats and SDS rats, and explore the potential interactions between NPSs and polysaccharides in SJZD, as well as the compatibility rationality of SJZD. MATERIALS AND METHODS SDS model was established by oral administration of Radix Rhei (Rheum officinale Baill.) extract, loaded swimming, and intermittent fasting. A rapid, sensitive and reliable ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of fifteen representative compounds in rat plasma to investigate the differences in pharmacokinetics between normal and SDS rats. The SJZD-NPS samples were prepared by removing the polysaccharides of SJZD to explore the interactions between NPSs and polysaccharides of SJZD. According to the compatibility theory of TCM, four incomplete formulae of SJZD were obtained by randomly removing an herb (also called 'que fang' in TCM), and their pharmacokinetic differences were compared to elucidate the rationality of SJZD compatibility with oral administration to SDS rats. RESULTS The established UFLC-MS/MS method showed perfect performance in simultaneously analyzing fifteen compounds of SJZD in rat plasma. Compared with normal rats, the absorption efficiency of NPSs in SDS rats was lower, accompanied by the prolonged residence time (Cmax and AUC0-t reduced, while MRT0-t increased). Polysaccharides have the potential to enhance intestinal metabolism of glycosides among these components, thereby contributing to the circulating distribution of corresponding metabolites (e.g. aglycones). Furthermore, the compatibility of the four herbs in SJZD could alter their pharmacokinetic characteristics, and potentially improve the absorption of the effective components of RG and AM, which is in accordance with the principle that "monarch" and "minister" herbs play a major role in TCM. In detail, the improved absorption of ginsenosides was mainly regulated by GRP (the "guide" herb in SJZD), together with the effects of AM ("minister" herb) and Poria ("adjuvant" herb) on the pharmacokinetics of components in GRP, implying that herb-herb interactions existed in SJZD and demonstrated the compatibility rationality of SJZD potentially. CONCLUSION This study laid a solid foundation for revealing the pharmacodynamic material basis and subsequent action mechanism of SJZD, as well as provided new insights into the compatibility of SJZD. The comprehensive pharmacokinetic approach adopted in the current research also provides a valuable strategy for TCM formulae research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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14
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Mu T, Cao J, Liu X, Yang X, Ren D, Zhao K. Response of gut microbiota and ileal transcriptome to inulin intervention in HFD induced obese mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:861-872. [PMID: 36402387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, as a dietary fiber, exerted prominent anti-obesity effects by modulating gut microbiota. However, the possible relationship and interplay of gut microbiome and function of distal intestine is still unclear now. This study aimed to investigate the possible targets of microbes and the related intestinal genes mediated by inulin. C57 BL/6 male mice were randomly allocated to chow diet (Chow) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, and HFD supplemented with 3 % inulin (Inulin) group. Compared with HFD treatment, inulin supplementation significantly decreased the body weight, fat deposition, and fasting blood glucose level. In addition, mice treated with inulin had a remarkable alteration in the structure of cecal microbiota and transcriptomic profiling of ileum. In particular, inulin supplementation significantly reversed the HFD induced expression of Bacteroides, Allobaculum and nonrank_f_Bacteroidates_S24-7_group, and reversed the expression of genes belonging to phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family. In summary, inulin might alleviate HFD-induced fat deposition and metabolic disorders via regulating lipid metabolism of ileum, while the interaction between the sPLA2s and gut microbes might play important roles in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China; Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Tong Mu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China; Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China.
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15
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Li D, Tang W, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li S, Zhao H. An overview of traditional Chinese medicine affecting gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149751. [PMID: 36936157 PMCID: PMC10016694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic metabolic disease with a complex pathophysiology, is caused by several variables. High-fat diets lead to the disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired gut barrier function in obese people. The dysbiosis and its metabolites through the intestinal barrier lead to an imbalance in energy metabolism and inflammatory response, which eventually contributes to the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Current medicines are therapeutic to obesity in the short term; however, they may bring significant physical and emotional problems to patients as major side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic methods that have definite efficacy, can be taken for a long time, and have mild adverse effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can control the gut microbiota in a multi-targeted and comprehensive manner, thereby restoring flora homeostasis, repairing damaged intestinal mucosal barriers, and eventually curbing the development of obesity. The active ingredients and compounds of TCM can restore the normal physiological function of the intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating gut microbiota to regulate energy metabolism, inhibit fat accumulation, affect food appetite, and reduce intestinal mucosal inflammatory response, thereby effectively promoting weight loss and providing new strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Although there are some studies on the regulation of gut microbiota by TCM to prevent and treat obesity, all of them have the disadvantage of being systematic and comprehensive. Therefore, this work comprehensively describes the molecular mechanism of obesity mediated by gut microbiota based on the research state of obesity, gut microbiota, and TCM. A comprehensive and systematic summary of TCM targeting the regulation of gut microbiota for the treatment of obesity should be conducted in order to provide new strategies and ideas for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yongyi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Haonan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhao,
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Li J, Lv JL, Cao XY, Zhang HP, Tan YJ, Chu T, Zhao LL, Liu Z, Ren YS. Gut microbiota dysbiosis as an inflammaging condition that regulates obesity-related retinopathy and nephropathy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040846. [PMID: 36406423 PMCID: PMC9666733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-specific microvascular disease is a leading cause of blindness, renal failure and nerve damage. Epidemiological data demonstrated that the high morbidity of T2DM occurs as a result of obesity and gradually develops into serious complications. To date, the mechanisms that underlie this observation are still ill-defined. In view of the effect of obesity on the gut microflora, Leprdb/db mice underwent antibiotic treatment and microbiota transplants to modify the gut microbiome to investigate whether microbes are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and/or diabetic retinopathy (DR). The mouse feces were collected for bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, and VEGFA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, real-time PCR and immunofluorescent assay. Eyes and kidney were collected for histopathological assay. Intestinal permeability was also detected using Evans Blue. The results showed that obesity influenced metabolic variables (including fast/fed glucose, insulin, and triglyceride), retinopathy and nephropathy, and the gut microbiota. Obesity mainly reduced the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and influenced relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochetes. Obesity also increased intestinal permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, cytokines, and VEGFA. Microbiota transplants confirm that obesity aggravates retinopathy and nephropathy through the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that obesity exacerbates retinopathy and nephropathy by inducing gut microbiota dysbiosis, which further enhanced intestinal permeability and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jun-lin Lv
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin-yue Cao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hai-ping Zhang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-jun Tan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ting Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China,*Correspondence: Zhong Liu,
| | - Yu-shan Ren
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,Yu-shan Ren,
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17
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Song ZY, Yuan D, Zhang SX. Role of the microbiome and its metabolites in ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010572. [PMID: 36311749 PMCID: PMC9608452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic condition that commonly influences the spine and sacroiliac joints, usually progresses to stiffness and progressive functional limitation. Its fundamental etiology and pathogenesis are likely multifactorial and remain elusive. As environmental factors, gut microbiota performs critical functions in the pathogenesis of AS through various mechanisms, including interacting with genes, enhancing intestinal permeability, activating the gut mucosa immune system, and affecting the intestinal microbiota metabolites. This review provides an overview of recent advances in investigating gut microbiota in AS pathogenesis and discusses potential methods for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Song
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Duo Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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19
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Wang Y, Zhou P, Zhou X, Fu M, Wang T, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu B. Effect of host genetics and gut microbiome on fat deposition traits in pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925200. [PMID: 36204621 PMCID: PMC9530793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition affects meat quality, flavor, and production in pigs. Fat deposition is influenced by both genetics and environment. Symbiotic microbe with the host is an important environmental factor to influence fat deposition. In this study, the fat deposition traits were measured in 239 individuals obtained from Tongcheng pigs × Large White pigs resource population. The interactions between genetics and gut microbiome in fat deposition traits were investigated through whole-genome sequencing and cecum microbial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The results showed that the percentage of leaf fat (PL) and intramuscular fat content (IMF) were significantly influenced by host genetics–gut microbiome interaction. The effects of interactions between host genetics and gut microbiome on PL and IMF were 0.13 and 0.29, respectively. The heritability of PL and IMF was estimated as 0.71 and 0.89, respectively. The microbiability of PL and IMF was 0.20 and 0.26, respectively. Microbiome-wide association analysis (MWAS) revealed Anaeroplasma, Paraprevotella, Pasteurella, and Streptococcus were significantly associated with PL, and Sharpea and Helicobacter exhibited significant association with IMF (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Paraprevotella was also identified as a critical microbe affecting PL based on the divergent Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Overall, this study reveals the effect of host genetics and gut microbiome on pig fat deposition traits and provides a new perspective on the genetic improvement of pig fat deposition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bang Liu,
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20
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Shang C, Xiang M, Li L, Cui X. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids: Implications for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:900381. [PMID: 36035928 PMCID: PMC9403138 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.900381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been on the rise around the globe in the past few decades despite the existing guidelines for prevention and treatment. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites of certain colonic anaerobic bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract and have been found to be the key metabolites in the host of CVDs. Accumulating evidence suggest that the end-products of SCFAs (including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) interact with CVDs through maintaining intestinal integrity, anti-inflammation, modulating glucolipid metabolism, blood pressure, and activating gut-brain axis. Recent advances suggest a promising way to prevent and treat CVDs by controlling SCFAs. Hence, this review tends to summarize the functional roles carried out by SCFAs that are reported in CVDs studies. This review also highlights several novel therapeutic interventions for SCFAs to prevent and treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiangning Cui,
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21
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Innovative processing technology for enhance potential prebiotic effects of RG-I pectin and cyanidin-3-glucoside. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Gut Microbial Signatures Associated with Peanut Allergy in a BALB/c Mouse Model. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101395. [PMID: 35626965 PMCID: PMC9141413 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have uncovered the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the development of food allergy. However, the effects of gut microbiota on peanut allergy are still unclear. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota composition of peanut-allergic mice by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed the correlation between allergic indicators and gut microbiota composition. Outcomes showed that the gut microbiota composition was reshaped in peanut-allergic mice, with Acidobacteriota, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group significantly down-regulated and Muribaculaceae up-regulated. All of them were significantly correlated with the serum peanut-specific antibodies. These results suggested that these six bacterial OTUs might be the gut microbial signatures associated with peanut allergy.
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23
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Huang R, Wu F, Zhou Q, Wei W, Yue J, Xiao B, Luo Z. Lactobacillus and intestinal diseases: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Chan KW, Chow TY, Yu KY, Feng Y, Lao L, Bian Z, Wong VT, Tang SCW. Effectiveness of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:371-388. [PMID: 35168474 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2250015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are pandemic, requiring more therapeutic options. This retrospective cohort evaluated the effectiveness, safety profile and prescription pattern of a pilot integrative medicine service program in Hong Kong. Data from 38 patients with diabetes and CKD enrolled to receive 48-week individualized add-on Chinese medicine (CM) were retrieved from the electronically linked hospital database. A 1:1 cohort was generated with patients from the same source and matched by propensity score. The primary outcomes are the change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) analyzed by analysis of covariance and mixed regression model adjusted for baseline eGFR, age, gender, duration of diabetes history, history of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and the use of insulin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. The rate of adverse events and the change of key biochemical parameters were analyzed. After a median of 51 weeks, patients who received add-on CM had stabilized eGFR (difference in treatment period: 0.74 ml/min/1.73m2, 95% CI: -1.01 to 2.50) and UACR (proportional difference in treatment period: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.34). Add-on CM was associated with significantly preserved eGFR (Inter-group difference: 3.19 ml/min/1.73m2, 95%CI: 0.32 to 6.06, [Formula: see text] 0.030) compared to standard care. The intergroup ratio of UACR was comparable (0.70, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.08, [Formula: see text] 0.104). The result is robust in sensitivity analysis with different statistical methods, and there was no interaction with CKD stage and UACR. The rate of serious adverse events (8.1% vs. 18.9%, [Formula: see text] 0.174), moderate to severe hyperkalemia (8.1% vs. 2.7%, [Formula: see text] 0.304) and hypoglycemia (13.5% vs. 5.4%, [Formula: see text] 0.223), and the levels of key biochemical parameters were comparable between groups. The top seven most used CMs contained two classical formulations, namely Liu-wei-di-huang-wan and Si-jun-zi-tang. Individualized add-on CM was associated with significant kidney function preservation and was well tolerated. Further randomized controlled trials using CM prescriptions based on Liu-wei-di-huang-wan and Si-jun-zi-tang are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Wa Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tak Yee Chow
- Hong Kong Association for Integration of Chinese-Western Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kam Yan Yu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Virginia University of Integrative Medicine, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Taam Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Association for Integration of Chinese-Western Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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25
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Ma P, Peng Y, Zhao L, Liu F, Li X. Differential effect of polysaccharide and nonpolysaccharide components in Sijunzi decoction on spleen deficiency syndrome and their mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153790. [PMID: 34710756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), reported in "Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" of the Song dynasty, is the basic prescription for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodisa Macricephalae Rhizoma, Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle. PURPOSE This study sought to explore the effects of different components in SJZD (including nonpolysaccharide NPS and active polysaccharide S-3) on SDS rats and their underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS First, SDS model rats were established by reserpine injection and then treated with SJZD, NPS and S-3. To clarify their effect on GI motility and immune function, the gastrointestinal (GI) hormone levels in rat serum and their related receptor expressions in rat intestine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot, and the intestinal T lymphocyte expression were quantified by flow cytometry. The levels of SCFAs in feces and serum were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S RNA sequencing. Furthermore, pseudo-germ-free (pGF) and gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD) model rats were established to verify the key role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of SDS with SJZD, NPS and S-3. RESULTS SJZD has a stronger therapeutic effect on intestinal immune and GI hormone secretion in SDS rats, while the efficacy of NPS and S-3 showed slight differences. NPS mainly regulated the secretion of GI hormones in SDS rats and directly improved intestinal immunity by increasing the expression of T lymphocyte cells, while S-3 mainly enhanced intestinal immune function by increasing the expression of T lymphocyte cells and repairing the intestinal barrier in both direct and indirect ways. Additionally, experiments in pGF and GMD rats have proven that the immune-enhancing effects of SJZD, NPS, and S-3 on SDS rats and the regulation of GI hormones of S-3 are related to modulation of the gut microbiota composition, while the regulation of GI hormones by SJZD and NPS is not completely dependent on this modulation. In particular, Lactobacillus, SMB53, Blautia, Dorea, Collinsella and Adlercreutzia were significantly modulated by SJZD, and 3 genera (including Lactobacillus, Dorea and SMB53) were also remarkably regulated by NPS. S-3 significantly increased the abundance of Butyricimonas and Collinsella, which were different from altered genera in the SJZD group. CONCLUSION This study uncovered that NPS and S-3 are inseparable effective substances for SJZD in the treatment of SDS rats, in which NPS mainly improves intestinal motility dysfunction and S-3 mainly enhances intestinal immunity. The mediation effect of the gut microbiota is extremely important, but the regulating effect of NPS on gastrointestinal hormones has nothing to do with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Guan M, Zhang Z, Liang X, Tong L, Yi H, Gong P, Bai L, Zhou H, Liu T, Zhang L. The edible Lactobacillus paracasei X11 with Konjac glucomannan promotes intestinal motility in zebrafish. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14196. [PMID: 34337833 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is a gastrointestinal symptom with high incidence rate and large number of patients. It is becoming one of the urgent medical problems. Poor intestinal motility is one of the important causes of constipation. Current drug treatments for constipation are associated with many side effects; thus, it is necessary to study more effective treatment methods and potential mechanism. METHODS A zebrafish model of intestinal motility obstruction was established by loperamide hydrochloride to evaluate the effect of probiotic, food ingredients, and combination on intestinal peristalsis according to intestinal peristalsis frequency counts. The gastrointestinal survival ability of the best probiotics was evaluated by surface hydrophobicity, self-aggregation, acid and bile salt tolerance, and gastrointestinal transit tolerance. Interactions between probiotics and food ingredients were studied in vivo and in vitro. The expression of 5-HT was detected by ELISA and fluorescence immunoassay, and 5-HT related genes were detected by RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS We obtained the probiotics, food ingredients, and combination that effectively promoted intestinal peristalsis, X11 and YRL577, P. persica and KGM, KGM + X11, respectively. Both KGM and P. persica promoted colonization of probiotics in vivo. KGM + X11 could effectively promote the increase in 5-HT synthesis in zebrafish via up-regulating gene expression of TPH-1, TPH-2, and 5-HTR and down-regulating gene expression of SERT. The specific in-depth mechanism needs further study. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The combinations of KGM with X11 effectively promoted intestinal peristalsis. We provide a theoretical basis for new modalities that can promote intestinal peristalsis and alleviate constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Meiyu Guan
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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27
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Feng W, Liu J, Zhang D, Tan Y, Cheng H, Peng C. Revealing the efficacy-toxicity relationship of Fuzi in treating rheumatoid arthritis by systems pharmacology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23083. [PMID: 34845218 PMCID: PMC8630009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, herbal medicines have played more and more important roles in the healthcare system in the world because of the good efficacy. However, with the increasing use of herbal medicines, the toxicity induced by herbal medicines has become a global issue. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the mechanism behind the efficacy and toxicity of herbal medicines. In this study, using Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) as an example, we adopted a systems pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanism of Fuzi in treating rheumatoid arthritis and in inducing cardiac toxicity and neurotoxicity. The results showed that Fuzi has 25 bioactive compounds that act holistically on 61 targets and 27 pathways to treat rheumatoid arthritis, and modulation of inflammation state is one of the main mechanisms of Fuzi. In addition, the toxicity of Fuzi is linked to 32 compounds that act on 187 targets and 4 pathways, and the targets and pathways can directly modulate the flow of Na+, Ca2+, and K+. We also found out that non-toxic compounds such as myristic acid can act on targets of toxic compounds and therefore may influence the toxicity. The results not only reveal the efficacy and toxicity mechanism of Fuzi, but also add new concept for understanding the toxicity of herbal medicines, i.e., the compounds that are not directly toxic may influence the toxicity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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28
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Bian Y, Chen X, Cao H, Xie D, Zhu M, Yuan N, Lu L, Lu B, Wu C, Bahaji Azami NL, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li K, Ye G, Sun M. A correlational study of Weifuchun and its clinical effect on intestinal flora in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Chin Med 2021; 16:120. [PMID: 34801051 PMCID: PMC8605594 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weifuchun (WFC), a Chinese herbal prescription consisting of Red Ginseng, Isodon amethystoides and Fructus Aurantii, is commonly used in China to treat a variety of chronic stomach disorders. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) patients. Methods PLGC patients of H. pylori negative were randomly divided into two groups and received either WFC tablets for a dose of 1.44 g three times a day or vitacoenzyme (Vit) tablets for a dose of 0.8 g three times a day. All patients were treated for 6 months consecutively. Gastroscopy and histopathology were used to assess the histopathological changes in gastric tissues before and after treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out to assess the effects WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of different intestinal microbiota in distinguishing between PLGC patients and healthy control group. Results Gastroscopy and histopathological results indicated that WFC could improve the pathological condition of PLGC patients, especially in the case of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that WFC could regulate microbial diversity, microbial composition, and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of PLGC patients. Following WFC treatment, the relative abundance of Parabacteroides decreased in WFC group when compared with the Vit group. ROC analysis found that the Parabacteroides could effectively distinguish PLGC patients from healthy individuals with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.8. Conclusions WFC could slow down the progression of PLGC by regulating intestinal microbiota abundance. Trial registration NCT03814629. Name of registry: Randomized Clinical Trial: Weifuchun Treatment on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer. Registered 3 August 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT03814629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Infectious Disease and Gastroenterology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease and Gastroenterology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nisma Lena Bahaji Azami
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kun Li
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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29
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Shaping the gut microbiota by bioactive phytochemicals: An emerging approach for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Biochimie 2021; 193:38-63. [PMID: 34688789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract is the cottage to trillions of live microorganisms, which regulate health and illness. A healthy Gut Microbiota (GM) is necessary for preventing microbial growth, body growth, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and enhancing immunity. The equilibrium in GM's composition and the presence/absence of critical species enable specific responses to be essential for the host's better health condition. Research evidences revealed that the dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals (BPs) play an extensive and critical role in shaping the GM to get beneficial health effects. BPs are also known to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of several diseases by modulating GM-mediated cellular and molecular processes. Regular intake of BPs-rich vegetables, fruits, and herbal preparations promotes probiotic bacteria, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species, while inhibiting unwanted gut residents' development Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium etc. Upon consumption, BPs contact the GM that gets transformed before being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Biotransformation of BPs by GM is linked with the enhancement of bioactivity/toxicity diminishment of the BPs compared to parental phytochemicals. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of BPs in shaping GM for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Chen F, Cui D, Wang M. Advances in the
in vitro
digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054 China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
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Sun L, Yan Y, Chen D, Yang Y. Quxie Capsule Modulating Gut Microbiome and Its Association With T cell Regulation in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Result From a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420969820. [PMID: 33243018 PMCID: PMC7876934 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420969820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quxie capsule(QX), a TCM compound, had shown benefit on survival outcomes for
metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) patients and could inhibit tumor growth
through immune regulation. This study aimed to evaluate whether such effect
is associated with gut microbiome modulation. Method: We conducted a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial in
Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. All patients
were randomly assigned into QX or placebo control group. Before and after
1-month interventions, we collected patients’ stool samples for microbiome
analysis by 16s rRNA sequencing approaches, as well as blood samples to
analyze T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry methods. Microbiome analysis
among groups was done through bioinformation analysis platform. The study
had been proved by the ethics committee of Xiyuan Hospital (2016XLA122-1)
had been registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number:
ChiCTR2000029599). All patients consented before enrollment. Results: We randomly assigned 40 patients and 34 were finally analyzed. Among them,
29% were female, with an average age of 63 years old, and 74% had liver or
lung metastasis. Both CD4 T(TH) cell and CD8 T(TC) cell counts increased
after QX treatment, while TH cells were significantly more in QX than in
control group (737 vs 449, P = .024). Microbiome community
analysis on Class level showed that the proportion of
Actinobacteria declined in the control group, but
significantly increased after QX treatments (0.83% vs 4.7%,
P = .017). LEfSe analysis showed that after treatments,
samples from QX group were highly related with
Oscillibacter, Eubacterium, and
Lachnospiraceae. RDA analysis showed that after QX
interventions, stool samples and microbiome species had relevance with TC/TH
cells counts but were not statistically significant. Heatmap analysis on
Genus level revealed that after QX treatments, higher amounts of TH cells
were significantly associated with less abundance of
g_Bifidobacterium (coef. −0.76,
P = .002), Collinsella (coef.−0.61,
P = .02), Ruminiclostridium_9 (coef.
−0.64, P = .01). Conclusion: QX capsule could enhance TH cells level among mCRC patients and increase the
abundance of gut anticancer bacteria such as Actinobacteria
as well as butyrate-producing bacteria such as
Lachnospiraceae. These results indicated that QX
capsule might have the property of dual effects of antitumor and immunity
enhancement, both mediated by the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Sun
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yunzi Yan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Dong B, Peng C, Ma P, Li X. An integrated strategy of MS-network-based offline 2DLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with UHPLC-QTRAP ®-MS/MS for the characterization and quantification of the non-polysaccharides in Sijunzi decoction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3511-3527. [PMID: 33851227 PMCID: PMC8043762 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a classic recipe in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been applied for the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. While there are reports on pharmaceutical substances of SJZD focusing on its polysaccharides, the composition of non-polysaccharides (NPSs) has not yet been holistically clarified. In the current study, offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (2DLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used for comprehensive NPS chemical profiling of SJZD. In addition, the MS-network of SJZD was proposed, which led to the construction of a larger in-house chemical library and accelerated qualitative processing. Four hundred forty-nine components, among which 6 were potentially novel, and 32 were confirmed by standard substances, were identified or tentatively assigned. Furthermore, based on good method validation, 19 representative components were simultaneously quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP®-MS/MS). They were selected for quantification on the account of their bioactive reports on in vivo or in vitro activities, the peak intensity in the mass spectrum, and characteristic structures, which have the potential to be qualitative or quantitative markers of SJZD. The present work furthers understanding of the pharmacological effects and action mechanism of NPSs in SJZD, and provides a useful analytical approach for complex composition research of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Intestinal Microbiota and Liver Diseases: Insights into Therapeutic Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6682581. [PMID: 33976705 PMCID: PMC8087485 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, for which inflammation, alcohol use, lipid metabolic disorders, disturbance to bile acid metabolism, and endotoxins are common risk factors. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its "holistic approach" is widely used throughout the world as a complementary, alternative therapy, due to its clinical efficacy and reduced side effects compared with conventional medicines. However, due to a lack of reliable scientific evidence, the role of TCM in the prevention and treatment of liver disease remains unclear. Over recent years, with the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, 16S rRNA detection, and bioinformatics methodology, it has been gradually recognized that the regulation of intestinal microbiota by TCM can play a substantial role in the treatment of liver disease. To better understand how TCM regulates the intestinal microbiota and suppresses liver disease, we have reviewed and analyzed the results of existing studies and summarized the relationship and risk factors between intestinal microbiota and liver disease. The present review summarizes the related mechanisms by which TCM affects the composition and metabolites of the intestinal microbiome.
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Liu C, Du P, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Hu B, Yao W, Zhu X, Qian H. Study on fecal fermentation characteristics of aloe polysaccharides in vitro and their predictive modeling. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117571. [PMID: 33483068 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aloe polysaccharides (APs) are well-known plant polysaccharides, but little is known about their digestion and fermentation characteristics in vitro. In this study, the molecular weight of APs had no significant changes after gastric and intestinal digestion. During the fecal fermentation, the content of volatiles and pH value decreased continuously, while the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration increased significantly. Additionally, the abundance of the microbiota associated with the metabolism of SCFAs was increased, including Prevotella, Catenibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, and Coprococcus, while the harmful microbiota was decreased, like Escherichia-Shigella, and Veillonella. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis indicated that APs boosted fructose and mannose metabolism, and the gene expressions of enzymes, containing mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.8]. Structural equation modeling also highlighted that SCFAs-producing microbiota were primary degraders of APs, suggesting APs may facilitate the manufacture of functional foods with the purpose of maintaining intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Peng Du
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142. China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No. 18 Xuezheng Str, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Ke Y, Li C, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Hu B, Liu A, Luo Q, Wu W. In vitro saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation of Oudemansiella radicata polysaccharides reveal its digestion profile and effect on the modulation of the gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhao L, Lou H, Peng Y, Chen S, Fan L, Li X. Elevated levels of circulating short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in type 2 diabetes are linked to gut barrier disruption and disordered gut microbiota. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 169:108418. [PMID: 32891692 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Studies have shown that destruction of the intestinal barrier in type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to increased absorption of macromolecules from intestinal. We previously exhibited that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) were significantly decreased in faeces of T2D patients. In the current study, we extended these findings by focusing on the interactions between intestinal barrier and clinical characteristics, gut microbiota, SCFAs and BAs. METHODS 65 T2D patients and 35 healthy controls were recruited, targeted metabolomics was used to evaluate the SCFAs and BAs in their serum samples. The serum zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was measured by ELISA to evaluate intestinal barrier. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the serum concentrations of total SCFA, acetate and propionate were significantly increased in the T2D patients, and certain BAs were also significantly increased. In addition, the higher levels of serum ZO-1 suggested a "leaky gut" in T2D patients. The ZO-1 was comprehensively correlated with clinical characteristics, gut microbiota, SCFAs and BAs. CONCLUSION SCFAs and BAs were excessively absorbed from the intestinal through the leaky gut, leading to higher levels of circulating SCFAs and BAs in T2D patients, and that the leaky gut might be caused by the disordered gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Road, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Li Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Yao Y, Yan L, Chen H, Wu N, Wang W, Wang D. Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides alleviate type 2 diabetic symptoms by modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153268. [PMID: 32663709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (CCPP), a primary active component in the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk (C. paliurus), has the ability to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but cannot be digested by our digestive system. Therefore, mechanisms of regulating the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites might exist. PURPOSE To reveal the potential mechanism of CCPP treatment, this study aimed to investigate the alterations of the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites especially short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in type 2 diabetic rats. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Type 2 diabetic rat models were developed, and the therapeutic effects of CCPP were evaluated. Metagenomics analysis was utilized to analyze the alterations to the gut microbiota, and UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis of colon contents was used to identify the differential intestinal metabolites. GC/MS was used to measure the SCFAs in rat's colon contents and human fecal inoculums. Furthermore, the expression of SCFA receptors including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109a was verified by qRT-PCR and the concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and peptide tyrosinetyrosine (PYY) was measured by Elisa. RESULTS Inhibition of the blood glucose levels and improvements in glucose tolerance and serum lipid parameters were observed after CCPP treatment. Eleven SCFA-producing species including Ruminococcus_bromii, Anaerotruncus_colihominis, Clostridium_methylpentosum, Roseburia_intestinalis, Roseburia_hominis, Clostridium_asparagiforme, Pseudoflavonifractor_capillosus, Intestinimonas_butyriciproducens, Intestinimonas_sp._GD2, Oscillibacter_valericigenes and Oscillibacter_ruminantium were clearly increased in the CCPP group. Furthermore, our study indicated that CCPP increases the production of SCFAs both in vivo and in vitro, and the gut microbiota are the key factor of this process. The SCFA receptors including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109a, were significantly stimulated in the CCPP treated rats, which was accompanied by the upregulated expression of GLP-1 and PYY. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that CCPP could alleviate type 2 diabetic symptoms by increasing the SCFA-producing bacteria, promoting the production of SCFAs and upregulating SCFA-GLP1/PYY associated sensory mediators.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/analysis
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/biosynthesis
- Feces/chemistry
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Juglandaceae/chemistry
- Juglandaceae/microbiology
- Male
- Metabolomics
- Metagenome
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lijing Yan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Han Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Tang Y, Tan ZJ. Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal microecology. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:719-724. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i15.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy (TCM therapy, acupuncture therapy, massage therapy, etc.) has been widely used in clinical practice with significant curative effects. Numerous studies show that the prevention, occurrence, and treatment of many diseases are related to intestinal microecology, and more and more studies on the relationship between TCM and intestinal microecology are being conducted. The basic theory of TCM is consistent with many theories and viewpoints of microecology. Based on their basic theories, we review the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine treatment and intestinal microecology in this paper by exploring the mechanism of using TCM to treat clinical diseases from the perspective of intestinal microecology and discussing the influence of TCM treatment methods on intestinal microecology, with an aim to promote the modernization and wider application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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Li X, Guo R, Wu X, Liu X, Ai L, Sheng Y, Song Z, Wu Y. Dynamic digestion of tamarind seed polysaccharide: Indigestibility in gastrointestinal simulations and gut microbiota changes in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hu S, Yang H, Gao X, Li S, Jiang W, Liu Y. Egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus alleviated obesity and regulated gut microbiota in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8454. [PMID: 32439940 PMCID: PMC7242455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus (Pt-egg oil) can overcome insulin resistance resulting from abundant bioactive lipids. However, its effects on obesity and gut microbiota were unclear. Here, we evaluated whether Pt-egg oil could improve obesity and gut microbiota or not in high-fat diet feeding mice. Results exhibited that Pt-egg oil markedly reduced body weight and adipose weight gain, improved lipid accumulation and circulatory cytokines, inhibited epididymal adipose cell size. Moreover, Pt-egg oil modified gut microbiota, involving decreases in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and increase in Verrucomicrobia phylum. Pt-egg oil reduced serum and fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and down-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 pathway in both epididymal adipose and liver tissues. Meanwhile, Pt-egg oil increased short chain fatty acids and up-regulated of G-protein-coupled receptors in both epididymal adipose and liver tissues. These suggest that Pt-egg oil could be alternative food supplement for the prophylactic effects on anti-obesity and improvement in human gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Huicheng Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Food Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
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41
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Deng X, Tian H, Yang R, Han Y, Wei K, Zheng C, Liu Z, Chen T. Oral Probiotics Alleviate Intestinal Dysbacteriosis for People Receiving Bowel Preparation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:73. [PMID: 32181256 PMCID: PMC7059130 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bowel preparation is necessary for successful colonoscopy, while it can seriously affect intestinal microbial composition and damage the intestinal mucosal barriers in humans. Methods: To figure out whether probiotics can sustain intestinal homeostasis and guard people's health, the probiotic drug of Bifidobacterium Tetragenous viable Bacteria Tablets (P group, n = 16) or placebo (C group, n = 16) was used for volunteers receiving bowel preparation, and high-throughput sequencing method was applied to monitor their intestinal microbial changes. Results: The present results suggested that bowel preparation obviously reduced the intestinal microbial diversity, while taking probiotics significantly restored it to normal level. In addition, probiotics sharply reduced the abundance of pathogenic Proteobacteria, and obviously lowered the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes compared with control group at phylum level (P < 0.05). And probiotics markedly decreased the abundance of pathogenic Acinetobacter and Streptococcus, while greatly enriched the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides at genus level (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic drugs, e.g., Bifidobacterium Tetragenous viable Bacteria Tablets, can be used to restore intestinal dysbacteriosis caused by bowel preparation, and reduce side effects during colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huakai Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiwen Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kehong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cihua Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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The Relationship between Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancerous Toxin Pathogenesis Theory Basing on Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7162545. [PMID: 32774427 PMCID: PMC7391111 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7162545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in the gut of all mammals. Gut microbiota remains in steady state under normal conditions. Changes in the internal and external environment may cause gut Microbiota to be out of tune. Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases currently endangering human health. CRC (colorectal cancer) has a significant upward trend in morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Technological advances have not yet brought about a breakthrough in the efficacy of CRC. The development of colon cancer is closely related to gut microbiota imbalance. According to more than 60 years of clinical practice, Professor Zhongying Zhou first proposed the pathogenesis theory of "cancerous toxin" in the 1990s and believed that cancerous toxin was a key pathogenesis of tumor development. Under the guidance of the theory of cancerous toxin, combined with clinical practice, Professor Zhou created an effective anticancer Chinese herbal compound, Jiedu Xiaoai Prescription. This paper summarizes recent hotspots related to gut microbiota and the occurrence, development, and prevention of colon cancer at home and abroad. The relationship between gut microbiota and cancerous toxin theory is proposed, and the feasibility of further studying the biological basis of cancerous toxin pathogenesis theory from the perspective of gut microbiota is pointed out.
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Fei Y, Wang Y, Pang Y, Wang W, Zhu D, Xie M, Lan S, Wang Z. Xylooligosaccharide Modulates Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colonic Inflammation Caused by High Fat Diet Induced Obesity. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1601. [PMID: 32038285 PMCID: PMC6987399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to colonic inflammation and may increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) exhibits strong antioxidant and excellent antibacterial properties, and can be utilized by gut microbes to maintain the ecological balance of the intestinal tract. In this study, we explored how XOS modulates the microbiota and regulates high fat diet (HFD) induced inflammation. We measured the changes in body weight and visceral coefficients in rats fed a high-fat diet. We also measured the expression levels of inflammatory factors in the plasma and colonic tissues of the rats using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed the composition of fecal microorganisms and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content using 16S rDNA and GC-MS. We found that XOS significantly counteracted HFD induced weight gain. Moreover, the plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide decreased in the XOS-treated rats. XOS treatment decreased TNF-α mRNA expression and increased occludin mRNA expression in the rat colon. We observed a reduction in the overall microbial abundance in the feces of the XOS-treated rats, although the proportion of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes increased significantly and the number of beneficial bacteria increased in the form of dominant microbes. We found that both SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA content increased in the gut of the XOS-treated rats. We identified a correlation between the abundance of Prevotella and Paraprevotella and SCFA content. Taken together, we propose that XOS can alleviate colonic inflammation by regulating gut microbial composition and enhancing SCFA content in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Fei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meigui Xie
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shile Lan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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A Comparison of Characterization and Its Actions on Immunocompetent Cells of Polysaccharides from Sijunzi Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2019:9860381. [PMID: 31915457 PMCID: PMC6935442 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9860381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a classic recipe in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with strong immune-enhancement activity. To further understand the characterization and immunomodulatory effect of polysaccharides from SJZD, the monosaccharide compositions of crude polysaccharide (SJZDP), polysaccharide fraction (S-3), and homogeneous polysaccharide (S-3-AG) from SJZD were compared by GC analysis, as well as their immunomodulatory effects on Peyer's patch cells, splenocytes, and macrophages which are related to intestinal immunity, specific immunity, and nonspecific immunity. The results showed that S-3-AG mainly contained Ara with a proportion of 38.9%, while Glc accounted for the largest proportion in S-3 (55.6%) and SJZDP (87.6%). The SJZDP, S-3, and S-3-AG all showed strong capability to stimulate Peyer's patch cells to proliferate and produce IgA and promoted the proliferation and IFN-γ production of splenocytes and increased the NO production and TNF-α production of macrophages. However, S-3 and S-3-AG were able to stimulate splenocytes to secret IL-4, SJZDP had no effect on IL-4 production of splenocytes in the tested concentrations. In addition, S-3 could stimulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and S-3-AG restrained the proliferation of macrophages at the concentration of 50–200 µg/mL. These results suggested that SJZDP, S-3, and S-3-AG might have different immunomodulatory effects on intestinal immunity, specific immunity, and nonspecific immunity due to their different monosaccharide compositions. It will provide references for the material basis and mechanism of SJZD immunomodulation activity.
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Yan Q, Mao H, Guan J. Metabolomics analysis reveals the mechanisms of the effect of Sijunzi decoction on spleen deficiency syndrome in a rat model. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Qu L, Tan W, Yang J, Lai L, Liu S, Wu J, Zou W. Combination Compositions Composed of l-Glutamine and Si-Jun-Zi-Tang Might Be a Preferable Choice for 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: An Exploration in a Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:918. [PMID: 32625099 PMCID: PMC7313676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common toxicity of many anti-neoplastic therapies that negatively influences health, the quality of life, economic outcomes, and even the success of cancer treatment. Unfortunately, there is presently no optimal medicine that is able to effectively manage this condition. l-glutamine is one of the most frequently used agent in practice among the limited treatment choices due to its safety and inexpensiveness despite there being a lack of evidence. Previous studies indicated that l-glutamine may alleviate mucositis and mucosal atrophy but failed to improve patients' macroscopic conditions, such as the occurrence of diarrhea. A compound glutamine capsule (G-SJZ), composed of l-glutamine and the traditional Chinese herbal formula Si-Jun-Zi-Tang, has been used in China for 23 years to treat many types of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastrointestinal reactions induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the exact effect of G-SJZ on intestinal mucositis is unclear, and moreover, whether l-glutamine combined with Si-Jun-Zi-Tang is more effective than l-glutamine alone have not been studied. In the current study, we explored the effects of G-SJZ and l-glutamine in a mouse model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). The results revealed that pretreatment with G-SJZ ameliorated the physical manifestations of weight loss and the severity of diarrhea following continuous 5-Fu injections in mice. Likewise, the histopathological damage and the destruction of villus and crypt structures in the intestinal mucosa as well as the increase in circulating intestinal injury markers caused by 5-Fu were reversed with G-SJZ pretreatment. Furthermore, the protective effect of G-SJZ was accompanied by modulations in the immunohistochemical expression of tight junction proteins. Interestingly, although treatment with a dose of l-glutamine alone that was equivalent to the dose in G-SJZ also showed a protective effect, it did not appear to be as strong as treatment with G-SJZ. Si-Jun-Zi-Tang in G-SJZ may compensate for the deficiencies of l-glutamine in this model which seems not to be related to the regulation of tight junction proteins. Our study is the first to suggest that the combined use of l-glutamine and Si-Jun-Zi-Tang might be more effective than l-glutamine alone despite exact mechanism still needs further study. Because of the limited number of therapeutic agents, G-SJZ is likely to be a preferable choice for intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanxian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Limin Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Wenjun Zou,
| | - Wenjun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Wenjun Zou,
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Li C, Zhang H, Li X. The Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3371-3381. [PMID: 33061498 PMCID: PMC7524185 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the lipid deposition caused by the imbalance between energy intake and consumption caused by a variety of factors. Obesity can lead to multiple systemic complications. At present, the treatment of obesity is mainly lifestyle intervention, drug weight loss, and weight loss surgery, but the curative effect is limited or the side effects are serious. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the treatment of obesity. Existing studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can treat obesity in a variety of ways, such as regulating intestinal microflora, enhancing hormone level, regulating fat metabolism, and so on. In this review, we will introduce and summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaohua Li Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai200137, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 021-58670561 Email
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Xiao S, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J. Modulation of microbially derived short-chain fatty acids on intestinal homeostasis, metabolism, and neuropsychiatric disorder. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:589-601. [PMID: 31865438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A diverse range of symbiotic gut bacteria codevelops with the host and is considered a metabolic "organ" that not only facilitates harvesting of nutrients from the dietary components but also produces a class of metabolites. Many metabolites of gut microbes have an important impact on host health. For example, an inventory of metabolic intermediates derived from bacterial protein fermentation may affect host physiology and pathophysiology. Additionally, gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to bile acids and further into secondary bile acids which can conversely modulate microbial community. Moreover, new research identifies that microbes synthesize vitamins for us in the colon. Here, we will review data implicating a major class of bacterial metabolites through breaking down dietary fiber we cannot process, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as crucial executors of alteration of immune mechanisms, regulation of metabolic homeostasis, and neuroprotective effects to combat disease and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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You L, Gong Y, Li L, Hu X, Brennan C, Kulikouskaya V. Beneficial effects of three brown seaweed polysaccharides on gut microbiota and their structural characteristics: An overview. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou Guangdong 510640China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou Guangdong 510640China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou 510300China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou 510300China
| | - Charles Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln, Canterbury 7608New Zealand
| | - Viktoryia Kulikouskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 36F. Skaryna str. Minsk 220141Belarus
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50
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Meng X, Hu W, Wu S, Zhu Z, Lu R, Yang G, Qin C, Yang L, Nie G. Chinese yam peel enhances the immunity of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by improving the gut defence barrier and modulating the intestinal microflora. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:528-537. [PMID: 31678187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese yam peel (CYP) is a by-product of yam processing that is rich in various nutrients and a good source for feed additives. This study investigated the effects of CYP on the intestinal microbiota and gut defence barrier of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Different groups of experimental fish were fed a normal control diet (NC), a low CYP diet (LYP) and a high CYP diet (HYP) for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, the fish were assessed for intestinal enzyme activity, intestinal histology, immune-related gene expression, intestinal SCFAs and intestinal microbiota. Our results indicated that the intestinal integrity and antioxidant enzyme (CAT and SOD) activity in the common carp were enhanced following CYP supplementation. The mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory (TGF-β), tight binding protein (occludin and ZO-1) and pathway factor genes (TLR4 and NF-κB) were significantly upregulated in the HYP group (P<0.05), which was accompanied by an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory IL-1β in the gut (P<0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes bacteria were most abundant in the microbial community in the gut of the common carp. The relative abundances of Bacteroides, Flavobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased, while the abundances of pathogenic microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae, Shewanella, Pseudomonas and Vibrio were reduced after treatment with CYP. Furthermore, the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut were also increased (P<0.05). Finally, our results revealed correlations between gut microbiota, SCFAs, non-specific immunity and antioxidant enzymes in CYP-fed carp. These results suggest that CYP-supplemented feed could improve the immunity of the common carp by modulating the intestinal microflora and enhancing the gut defence barrier and has the potential to be used as an immunostimulating feed additive in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Wenpan Hu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Shengkui Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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