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Singh K, Kumar P, Kumar B, Sharma J, Andrade-Cetto A, Gupta P, Gairola S. Medicinal plants traditionally used in health care practices by inhabitants of Paddar region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118514. [PMID: 38960073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study is the first quantitative assessment of ethno-medicinal plants of Paddar region of Jammu and Kashmir. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to document the relative importance of medicinal plants used in human ailments by the villagers in the Paddar region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected from 132 informants (72 male and 60 female) through semi structured interviews and group discussions. Use report (UR) and Informant consensus factor (ICF) were employed to quantitatively examine the data. RESULTS The inhabitants of Paddar reported the use of 98 plants species of 55 families to treat 63 ailments. Rosaceae (10 spp.) was the most frequently used family in the study area. Herbs were dominantly (66 spp., 50%) utilized in herbal preparation and leaves the mostly used plant parts (25%). The highest informant consensus factor (ICF = 0.96) was obtained for parasitic problems. Important new uses for species stated by informants to treat human diseases were; Viburnum grandiflorum Wall. ex DC., Sium latijugum C.B.Clarke, Corylus jacquemontii Decne., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cannabis sativa L., Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund, Euphorbia helioscopia L., Juglans regia L., Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl., Ficus palmata Forssk., Plantago lanceolata L., and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. CONCLUSIONS The current study contributes towards the preservation of indigenous plants' based knowledge. Although the therapeutic value of most of the preferred medicinal plants has already been validated, some medicinal plants lack proper scientific validation. We recommend further phytochemical investigations and pharmacological validations of Viburnum grandiflorum, C. jacquemontii, F. palmata, Viola pilosa, Cotoneaster acuminatus, Eleucine coracana, Sium latijugum, Aquilegia pubiflora, Euphorbia helioscopia, Plantago lanceolata and Pinus gerardiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwaljeet Singh
- Department of Education in Science and Mathematics, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Botany, Cluster University of Jammu, 18004, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bushan Kumar
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jyotsana Sharma
- R-15, HNB Garhwal University Teachers Colony, Chauras, Tehri Garhwal, 249161, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, C.U., Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
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Sial NT, Malik A, Iqbal U, Mehmood MH, Rehman MFU. Novel antiarthritic mechanisms of Azelaic acid against CFA-induced arthritis in rats by modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines network. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01512-0. [PMID: 38916711 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An immunologic system attacking the body's own tissues is a hallmark of autoimmune disorders, which encompass a wide range of unique conditions. Numerous essential biologic functions, including the regulation of the immune system, inflammation, cell division, and tissue repair, are carried out by cytokines. Natural compounds are an effective treatment for autoimmune illnesses by modulation of inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of leukocytes into the inflamed tissue. Here, anti-arthritic study was carried out using oral administration of Azelaic acid (AzA) for 28 days with doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model. AzA ameliorated the adjuvant-induced arthritis by decreasing arthritic score, paw volume, improved body-weight alterations and serum levels of PGE2, 5-LOX and anti-ccp. AzA showed significant down regulation of NF-κB, COX-II, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and up regulation of IL4 and IL10. Hemoglobin and RBCs count remarkably increased and ESR, CRP, platelets, WBCs levels markedly reduced in post treatment. In addition, the weakened SOD (superoxide dismutase), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH) activity and the increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were all reversed by AzA treatment. And showed improved radiographical and histologic alterations in the structure of the joints. Molecular docking studies targeting COX-II, iNOS, TNF-α, 5-LOX, IL4, IL10, IL-6, and IL-17 establish a correlation between theoretical and experimental results. Results showed that AzA inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-II, TNF-α, 5-LOX, IL-17, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6) and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines, which supported the anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory potential of AzA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Tabassum Sial
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Urooj Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Iqbal U, Malik A, Sial NT, Uttra AM, Rehman MFU, Mehmood MH. Molecular insights of Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) as an anti-arthritic agent: in vivo and in silico analysis of IL-17, IL-10, NF-κB, 5-LOX and COX-2. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1941-1959. [PMID: 38649658 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The monoterpene oxide, Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole), a primary component of eucalyptus oil, has been evaluated pharmacologically for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Current research aimed to evaluate Eucalyptol's anti-arthritic potential in a Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. Polyarthritis developed after 0.1 mL CFA injection into the left hind footpad in rats. Oral administration of Eucalyptol at various doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw edema, body weight loss, 5-LOX, PGE2 and Anti-CCP levels. Real-time PCR investigation showed significant downregulation of COX-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β and upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10 in Eucalyptol treated groups. Hemoglobin and RBCs counts significantly increased post-treatment with Eucalyptol while ESR, CRP, WBCs and platelets count significantly decreased. Eucalyptol significantly increased Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione levels compared to CFA-induced arthritic control however, MDA significantly decreased post-treatment. Further, radiographic and histopathological examination of the ankle joints of rodents administered Eucalyptol revealed an improvement in the structure of the joints. Piroxicam was taken as standard. Furthermore, molecular docking findings supported the anti-arthritic efficacy of Eucalyptol exhibited high binding interaction against IL-17, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, iNOS NF-κB, 5-LOX, and COX-2. Eucalyptol has reduced the severity of CFA induced arthritis by promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines for example IL-4, IL-10 and by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as 5-LOX, COX-2, IL-17, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Therefore, Eucalyptol might be as a potential therapeutic agent because of its pronounced anti-oxidant and anti-arthritic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeela Tabassum Sial
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Malik Uttra
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Tao S, Zhu D, Tie Q, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zheng X, Feng W. Five new compounds from the stems of Ephedra equisetina. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105907. [PMID: 38479617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Five new compounds were identified from the stems of Ephedra equisetina Bunge. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, involving UV, IR, NMR spectrum and HRESIMS analyses. The absolute configuration of compound 2 was proved by comparing their experimental and calculated ECD spectrum. The vitro bioactive assay of all compounds suggested that compound 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 may have potential anti-asthmatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Denghui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qimei Tie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jingke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, China.
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Abid F, Saleem M, Jamshaid T, Jamshaid U, Youssef FS, Diri RM, Elhady SS, Ashour ML. Opuntia monacantha: Validation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of its polyphenolic rich extract in silico and in vivo via assessment of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117884. [PMID: 38350502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Opuntia monacantha belongs to the cactus family Cactaceae and is also known by cochineal prickly pear, Barbary fig or drooping prickly pear. It was traditionally used to treat pain and inflammation. O. monacantha cladodes showed pharmacological effects such as antioxidant potential owing to the presence of certain polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory as well as the anti-arthritic potential of ethanol extract of Opuntia monacantha (E-OM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo edema in rat paw was triggered by carrageenan and used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, while induction of arthritis by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) rat model was done to measure anti-arthritic potential. In silico studies of the previously High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characterized metabolites of ethanol extract was performed by using Discovery Studio 4.5 (Accelrys Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) within active pocket of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) (PDB code: 3VP1; 2.30 Å). RESULTS EOM, particularly at 750 mg/kg, caused a reduction in the paw edema significantly and decreased arthritic score by 80.58% compared to the diseased group. It revealed significant results when histopathology of ankle joint was examined at 28th day as it reduced inflammation by 18.06%, bone erosion by 15.50%, and pannus formation by 24.65% with respect to the diseased group. It restored the altered blood parameters by 7.56%, 18.47%, and 3.37% for hemoglobin (Hb), white blood count (WBC), and platelets, respectively. It also reduced rheumatoid factor RF by 13.70% with concomitant amelioration in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by 19%, and 34.16%, respectively, in comparison to the diseased group. It notably decreased mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, NF-κβ and augmented the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in real time PCR with respect to the diseased group and piroxicam. HPLC analysis previously performed showed that phenolic acids and flavonoids are present in E-OM. Molecular docking studies displayed pronounced inhibitory potential of these compounds towards glutaminase 1 (GLS1), approaching and even exceeding piroxicam. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Opuntia monacantha could be a promising agent to manage inflammation and arthritis and could be incorporated into pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Abid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Usama Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Reem M Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sameh S Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
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Chen C, Chen F, Gu L, Jiang Y, Cai Z, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhu Z, Liu X. Discovery and validation of COX2 as a target of flavonoids in Apocyni Veneti Folium: Implications for the treatment of liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117919. [PMID: 38364933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF), a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is known for its effects in soothing the liver and nerves and eliminating heat and water. It is relevant from an ethnopharmacological perspective. Pharmacological research has confirmed its benefits on antihypertension, antihyperlipidemia, antidepression, liver protection, immune system boosting, antiaging, and diabetic vascular lesions. Previous studies have shown that flavonoids, the active ingredients, have a hepatoprotective effect. However, the exact mechanism has not been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the active flavonoids in AVF and their corresponding targets for liver injury. Multiple methods were introduced to confirm the targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS AVF compounds were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Then, network pharmacology was utilized to screen potential hepatoprotection targets of the compounds. An enzyme activity assay was performed to determine the effect of the compounds on the targets. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) was applied to confirm the direct interaction between the compounds and the targets. RESULTS A total of 71 compounds were identified by LC-MS and 19 compounds and 112 shared targets were screened using network pharmacology. These common targets were primarily involved in the TNF signaling pathway, cancer pathways, hepatitis B, drug responses, and negative regulation of the apoptotic process. Flavonoids were the primary pharmacological substance basis of AVF. The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein was one of the direct targets of flavonoids in AVF. The enzyme activity assay and BLI-based intermolecular interactions demonstrated that the compounds astragalin, isoquercitrin, and hyperoside exhibited stronger inhibition of enzyme activity and a higher affinity with COX2 compared to epigallocatechin, quercetin, and catechin. CONCLUSIONS COX2 was preliminarily identified as a target of flavonoids, and the mechanism of the hepatoprotective effect of AVF might be linked to flavonoids inhibiting the activity of COX2. The findings can establish the foundation for future research on the traditional hepatoprotective effect of AVF on the liver and for clinical studies on liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Feiyan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ling Gu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yucui Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhichen Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yunan Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhu Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Jabbar Z, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Ullah A, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GE, Ahsan H, Khan A, Kashtoh H. Trans-Chalcone (1-3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) as a Therapeutic Candidate in Joint Inflammation via Reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in Rodents: An In Vivo Study by RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22123-22135. [PMID: 38799342 PMCID: PMC11112584 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders include vast and distinct illnesses and are characterized by an immune system-mediated attack on the body's own tissues. Because of their ability to impact any portion of the body, their clinical symptoms are incredibly varied. The variations in symptoms are normally linked with the release and activation of vasoactive, chemotactic substances and cytokines. Cytokines perform a multitude of vital biological tasks, such as immune response control, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue repair. The reversal of inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration into the inflamed tissue by natural compounds provides an effective remedy for autoimmune diseases. Here, the oral administration of trans-chalcone (TC) for 28 days was tested with gradually increasing doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-provoked joint tissue stiffness in rats. Paw edema, arthritic index, joint stiffness, thermal and flexion pain, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels were determined to check the tested drug effectiveness in a chronic inflammatory model. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding affinity with inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α, IL-17, COX-2, and iNOS; further, they were quantified at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. Oral administration of TC significantly ameliorated paw edema, thymus and spleen indices, joint stiffness, thermal and flexion pain, C-reactive protein, RF, mobility, and stance of the treated animals. This therapeutic effectiveness was linked with a reduction in the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17. The findings of the reported research confirmed the effectiveness of TC in ameliorating joint stiffness and flexion pain by prominently lowering the inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Jabbar
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M. Irfan
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Saba Medical Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 20316, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of science, King
Saud University, 4545 Riyadh, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber E. Batiha
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511 AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
- Division
of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, School
of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department
of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic
of Korea
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Mazhar MU, Naz S, Zulfiqar T, Khan JZ, Ghazanfar S, Tipu MK. Immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential of Bacillus subtilis (NMCC-path-14) in comparison to dexamethasone in alleviating CFA-induced arthritis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3275-3299. [PMID: 37930392 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate and compare efficacy as well as safety of Bacillus subtilis and dexamethasone (Dexa) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis, we used glucocorticoid monotherapy (Dexa 5 mg/kg/day) and B. subtilis (1 × 108 CFU/animal/day p.o) as pre-treatment and concurrent treatment for a duration of 35 days. Specific emphasis was on chronic aspect of this study since long-term use of Dexa is known to produce undesirable side effects. Treatment with Dexa significantly attenuated the arthritic symptoms but produced severe side effects like weight loss, increased mortality, immunosuppression, and altered histology of liver, kidney, and spleen. Oxidative stress was also elevated by Dexa in these organs which contributed to the damage. Treatment with B. subtilis improved symptoms of arthritis without producing any deleterious side effects as seen with Dexa therapy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile revealed decreased expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression by B. subtilis and Dexa treatment in ankle joint of arthritic mice. Radiological scores were also improved by both treatments. This study concludes that B. subtilis could be an effective alternative for treating arthritis than Dexa since it does not produce life-threatening side effects on prolong treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Zulfiqar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Zeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Zafar F, Shaheen G, Asif HM, Farhan M, Muteeb G, Aatif M. Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein. Molecules 2024; 29:1830. [PMID: 38675650 PMCID: PMC11052358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Onosma bracteatum Wall (O. bracteatum) has been used traditionally for the management of arthritis; however, its therapeutic potential warrants further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of the aqueous-ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum leaves (AeOB) in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Rats were treated with AeOB (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or a vehicle control from days 8 to 28 post-CFA injection. Arthritic score, paw diameter, and body weight were monitored at regular intervals. X-ray radiographs and histopathological analysis were performed to assess arthritic severity. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified by qPCR and icromatography. Phytochemical analysis of AeOB revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, Saponins, and glycosides. AeOB also exhibited antioxidant potential with an IC50 of 73.22 µg/mL in a DPPH assay. AeOB and diclofenac exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Rats treated with AeOB at 750 mg/kg and indomethacin showed significantly reduced arthritic symptoms and joint inflammation versus the CFA control. The AeOB treatment downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased CRP levels compared with arthritic rats. Radiography and histopathology also showed improved prognosis. These findings demonstrate the anti-arthritic potential of AeOB leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zafar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (G.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (G.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (G.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Tao S, Zhang J, Zhu D, Wu Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Flavonoids and phenols from the stems of Ephedra equisetina. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114003. [PMID: 38301946 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed compounds, including five flavonoids and seven phenols, were isolated from the stems of Ephedra equisetina Bunge. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS analysis. Their absolute configurations were elucidated by comparing their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. In the in vitro bioactive assay, all compounds were tested for their anti-asthmatic activities by releasing β-Hex in C48/80-induced RBL-2H3 cells. The β-Hex release rates of compounds 3, 8, 10, and 11 were 0.8502 ± 0.0231, 0.8802 ± 0.0805, 0.7850 ± 0.0593, and 0.8361 ± 0.0728, respectively, suggesting that compounds 3, 8, 10, and 11 have potential anti-asthmatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Denghui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, China.
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11
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Dar E, Mobashar A, Shabbir A, Mushtaq MN, Anjum I, Z. Gaafar AR, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. Mechanistic Evaluation of Antiarthritic Effects of Citronellol in CFA-Induced Arthritic Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44955-44963. [PMID: 38046326 PMCID: PMC10688163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, joint tissue damage, pain, and synovitis. It leads to deformity of joints, disability, and even premature death. Markers of inflammation are highly expressed in synovium fluid and serum of arthritic patients and play an important role in the pathophysiology of RA. These transcription factors promote the fabrication of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. In RA, degradation of synovial cartilage and bone results from stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Citronellol (Ct), a monoterpene alcohol, is found in citrus fruits and essential oils of many aromatic plants. It possesses numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant activity and potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Keeping in view the significant anti-inflammatory role of Ct, a trial of 28 days was conducted. Ct was administered orally at three different doses (25, 50, and 100) mg/kg in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, and the results were compared with piroxicam, chosen as the standard drug. The antiarthritic activity of the compound was evaluated through measurements of arthritic scoring and plethysmometry before and after treatment. The blood biochemical and hematological parameters and histopathological analyses were performed. Additionally, qPCR was conducted to analyze the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, MMP3, IL-6, and IL-4 in the blood. ELISA was performed to evaluate the levels of PGE2. The results demonstrated that Ct showed significant results at all doses, but the highest dose proved to be most significant in terms of decreasing arthritic scoring and paw edema, indicating the antiarthritic potential of Ct. Furthermore, the compound was found to downregulate all the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, MMP3, and IL-6) and upregulate the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4). The levels of PGE2 were also reduced which further supported the antiarthritic effects of Ct and validated it as a potential antiarthritic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwa Dar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department
of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College
for Women University, Jail Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2325, Quebec City, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
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12
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Sattar S, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Akhtar T, Anjum SM, Bourhia M, Nafidi HA, Bin Jardan YA, Dauelbait M, Mobashar A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) using pre-clinical rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1279215. [PMID: 37900171 PMCID: PMC10603269 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1279215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is naturally present in Lawsonia Inermis and flowers of Eicchornia crassipes. This study assessed the anti-arthritic potential of Lawsone, using FCA-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Arthritic progress was analyzed through a macroscopic scoring scale, measurement of paw edema, and histopathological changes. Effects of Lawsone on mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers were examined using the reverse transcription PCR technique. ELISA technique was used to evaluate the PGE2 levels. Moreover, levels of biochemical and hematological parameters were also analyzed. Results: The research elucidated that Lawsone showed an inhibitory potential towards arthritic progress and ameliorated the paw edema. The histopathological analysis also validated the inhibition in arthritic development. Treatment with Lawosne reduced the expression levels of inflammatory markers in rats i.e., VEGF, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-3, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6. PGE2 levels (all p < 0.001) were also found reduced in treatment groups. Lab investigations showed improved results of hematological and hepatic parameters in the treated groups as compared to the positive control. This study found no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects of Lawsone in the test doses. Conclusion: Lawsone possesses an anti-arthritic property which could be ascribed to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muneeb Anjum
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaab Dauelbait
- Department of Scientific Translation, Faculty of Translation, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Meng M, Wang L, Yao Y, Lin D, Wang C, Yao J, Sun H, Liu M. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) attenuates rheumatic arthritis in rats through inactivating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155010. [PMID: 37586160 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not many drugs with fewer side effects are available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) has good immunomodulatory effects, but whether it is effective in managing RA is not clear. PURPOSE This study was conducted to examine the anti-RA activity and possible mechanisms of GLPP in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were intradermally injected with bovine type II collagen in the tail base to establish the CIA model and were orally administered 100 or 200 mg/kg GLPP for 35 days. Paw thickness, clinical arthritis scores, gait analysis, organ index determination, blood cell counts, micro-CT imaging and pathological staining were performed on the rats. Liver and kidney function were measured by commercial kits, and antibody levels were measured by ELISA kits. RA-related protein levels were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS GLPP effectively alleviated CIA symptoms and reduced immune organ indexes, antibody levels and systemic organ injury. GLPP decreased the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, MMP13, BCL-2, OPN, β-Catenin, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and increased the protein expression of BAX in the joint tissues of CIA rats. Moreover, GLPP decreased the phosphorylation levels of p65, IκB-α and ERK1/2. CONCLUSION GLPP effectively alleviated RA symptoms in CIA rats by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This study suggests a promising therapeutic effect of mushroom-derived polysaccharide peptides on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianfu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
| | - DongMei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Sattar S, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Akhtar T, Ahmad A, Alnasser SM, Riaz B, Karimullah S, Ahmad A. Eichhornia crassipes Ameliorated Rheumatoid Arthritis by Modulating Inflammatory Cytokines and Metalloproteinase Enzymes in a Rat Model. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1594. [PMID: 37763713 PMCID: PMC10534300 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was planned to investigate the anti-arthritic property of flowers of E. crassipes in a Sprague-Dawley rat model by administering Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Materials and Methods: Arthritis was induced at day 0 in all rats except negative controls, while arthritic progress and paw edema were analyzed on specific days (8th, 13th, 18th, and 23rd) via the macroscopic arthritic scale and a digital Vernier caliper, respectively. Histopathological parameters were examined using a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method. Blood samples were withdrawn from rats to investigate the effects of the E. crassipes flower on the mRNA expression values of inflammatory markers, via a reverse transcription PCR technique. Serum samples were used to determine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea, besides hematological parameters, i.e., the hemoglobin (Hb) content and complete blood count (CBC), were investigated. Results: The data showed that E. crassipes inhibited the arthritic progress and ameliorated the paw edema. The amelioration of parameters assessed via the histopathological analysis of ankle joints, as well as via hematological analysis, confirmed the diminution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the plant-treated groups. Treatment with E. crassipes inhibited the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Serum PGE2 levels were also found to be reduced in treatment groups. A biochemical investigation revealed the improvements in hepatic markers in plant-treated groups. The data indicated that the plant has no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects at the studied dose. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis displayed the presence of phytochemicals having known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Conclusions: Therefore, it may be concluded that E. crassipes possesses anti-arthritic characteristics that could be attributed to the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and PGE2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail-Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Arfan Ahmad
- University Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bushra Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (B.R.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Shaik Karimullah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (B.R.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (B.R.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
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15
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Khan YH, Qasim S, Uttra AM, Alotaibi NH, Alanzi AS, Alzarea AI, Alatawi AD, Hussain T. Enalapril attenuated CFA provoked arthritic manifestation by modulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine network. Life Sci 2023; 324:121742. [PMID: 37146938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Enalapril with documented anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in current investigation to explore its anti-arthritic efficacy. For anti-arthritic evaluation of enalapril, CFA-instigated arthritic model was employed after which various parameters comprising paw volume, body weight, arthritic index, hematological and biochemical parameters, radiographic analysis and level of various cytokines were estimated. Enalapril demonstrated significant (p˂0.001) anti-arthritic activity by suppressing paw volume, arthritic index while preserved CFA instigated weight loss. Likewise, enalapril also normalized the hematological and biochemical alterations, suppressed the level of proinflammatory cytokines with elevation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Radiographic and histopathological analysis also further validates the anti-arthritic attribute of enalapril where enalapril preserved the normal architecture of arthritis induced joints. Outcomes of the study pointed out a notable anti-arthritic activity of enalapril. However detailed mechanistic studies are still required to point out the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumera Qasim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ambreen Malik Uttra
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nasser H Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz I Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad D Alatawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqeer Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zhou M, Tan W, Hasimu H, Liu J, Gu Z, Zhao J. Euphorbium total triterpenes improve Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis through PI3K/AKT/Bax and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116146. [PMID: 36610673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbium is the resinous secretion of Euphorbia resinifera Berg. According to the record, Euphorbium was first used by Roman doctors to treat the emperor's joint pain. In China, it is applied in folk medicine to treat damp-cold or mucous diseases, such as arthralgia and ascites, etc. This herb is used for rheumatoid arthritis and skin tumors in the folklore of northeastern Brazil. Triterpenes are mainly characteristic constituents of Euphorbium, and possibly possess anti-rheumatoid arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the preventive effect of Euphorbium total triterpenes (TTE) on Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis in rats and its mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS TTE was extracted and isolated from Euphorbium, and its components were analyzed by HPLC. The safety of TTE was evaluated by an acute toxicity test in mice. Arthritis was induced in rats by injecting 0.2 mL FCA into the right hind paw toe, except for the control group, which was given the same volume of physiological saline. Tripterygium Glycosides (TG, 7.5 mg/kg) and TTE (32, 64 and 128 mg/kg) were administered by gavage for 30 days. Body weights, paw swelling, and arthritic scores were measured during the experiment process. After 30 days, blood and joints were harvested to determine various indicators of arthritis. RESULTS The contents of euphol and euphorbol in TTE were 47.03% and 18.77% respectively, and the maximal feasible dose of TTE in mice is 12 g/kg. The experimental results showed that arthritis indicators in rats deteriorated after FCA inducement compared with the control group. After treatment with TTE, the swelling degree and histopathological change of the hind paws in rats were significantly improved as well as arthritic score; the serum TNF-α, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and RF levels in rats were significantly reduced; The expression of PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, Bcl-2, NF-κB, NLRP3 and Pro-caspase-1 protein in joint tissue were down-regulated, and the expression of Bax protein was up-regulated. CONCLUSION The results suggested that TTE possessed anti-arthritis effects, and its mechanism may be related to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, as well as regulation of PI3K/AKT/Bax and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, 830004, China.
| | - Hamulati Hasimu
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, 830004, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830013, China.
| | - Zhengyi Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, 830004, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, 830004, China.
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17
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Wang X, Liu D, Li D, Yan J, Yang J, Zhong X, Xu Q, Xu Y, Xia Y, Wang Q, Cao H, Zhang F. Combined treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate improves rheumatoid arthritis in rats by regulating the gut microbiota. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 37016458 PMCID: PMC10071728 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the ameliorative effects of glucosamine (GS), chondroitin sulphate (CS) and glucosamine plus chondroitin sulphate (GC) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rats, and to explore the mechanism of GS, CS and GC in improving RA based on the gut microbiota. METHODS RA rat models were effectively developed 14 days after CFA injection, and then garaged with GS, CS and GC. Body weight and paw volume of rats were monitored at multiple time points at the beginning of CFA injection. Until D36, serum and ankle tissue specimens were used to measure levels of circulating inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-3, NO and PGE2) and local inflammatory indicators (TLR-4 and NF-κB). On D18, D25, and D36, intergroup gut microbiota was compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. We also performed the correlation analysis of gut bacteria, joint swelling and inflammatory indicators. RESULTS GC, rather than GS and CS, could reduce right paw volumes, levels of TLR-4 and NF-κB in synovial tissues. In addition, enriched genera in RA model rats screened out by LEfSe analysis could be inhibited by GC intervention, including potential LPS-producing bacteria (Enterobacter, Bacteroides, Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified and Erysipelotrichaceae_uncultured) and some other opportunistic pathogens (Esherichia_Shigella, Nosocomiicoccus, NK4A214_group, Odoribacter, Corynebacterium and Candidatus_Saccharimonas.etc.) that positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, right paw volume, and pathology scores. Furthermore, the gut microbiota dysbiosis was observed to recover before alleviating joint swelling after interventions. CONCLUSIONS GC could inhibit potential LPS-producing bacteria and the activation of TLR-4/NF-κB pathway in RA rats, thus alleviating RA-induced joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongsong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiai Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanze Xu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Belal A, Mahmoud R, Taha M, Halfaya FM, Hassaballa A, Elbanna ES, Khaled E, Farghali A, Abo El-Ela FI, Mahgoub SM, Ghoneim MM, Zaky MY. Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:285. [PMID: 37259429 PMCID: PMC9964923 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. As nanotechnology has advanced, a growing number of nanodrugs have been used in the treatment of RA due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of a novel zeolite/vitamin B12 nanocomposite (Nano ZT/Vit B12) formulation in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. The newly synthesized Nano ZT/Vit B12 was fully characterized using various techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, BET analysis, HERTEM, SEM, practical size, zeta potential, XRF, and EDX. The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities as well as the immunomodulation effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on the CFA rat model of arthritis were examined. Histopathologic ankle joint injuries caused by CFA intrapedal injection included synovium hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and extensive cartilage deterioration. The arthritic rats' Nano ZT/Vit B12 supplementation significantly improved these effects. Furthermore, in arthritic rats, Nano ZT/Vit B12 significantly reduced serum levels of RF and CRP, as well as the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, and ADAMTS-5, while increasing IL-4 and TIMP-3 levels. Nano-ZT/Vit B12 significantly declined the LPO level and increased antioxidant activities, such as GSH content and GST activity, in the arthritic rats. In arthritic rats, Nano ZT/Vit B12 also reduced TGF-β mRNA gene expression and MMP-13 protein levels. Collectively, Nano ZT/Vit B12 seems to have anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising option for RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Halfaya
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassaballa
- Nutrition and Food Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- ZeroHarm L.C., Farmington Hills, Farmington, MI 48333, USA
| | - Esraa Salah Elbanna
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Esraa Khaled
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Samar M. Mahgoub
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Li J, Wang L, Zeng G, Li H, Luo J, Tian Q, Zhang Z. Chymotrypsin attenuates adjuvant-induced arthritis by downregulating TLR4, NF-κB, MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:959-969. [PMID: 35737007 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2093743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is mainly characterized by synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis, inflammatory cells infiltration. Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme with anti-inflammatory effects. The current project was intended to test the efficacy and mechanism of chymotrypsin in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats to provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of chymotrypsin. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hind left paw pad to establish an AIA model. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): blank; CFA model (model); low-dose chymotrypsin (CLD), 0.53 mg/kg; high-dose chymotrypsin (CHD), 1.06 mg/kg; piroxicam, 10 mg/kg. The treatments were performed in the subplantar region of the left hind paw from Day 8 (D8) to Day 28 after adjuvant injection. The body weight, paw diameter, swelling degree of paw, and arthritic score were measured on D0, D7, D14, D21, and D28. All animals were sacrificed on D29. Subsequently, the synovial tissue of the ankle joint of the rats was stained with HE to generate pathological sections for observation of the pathological changes of synovial tissue from the ankle joint. The protein levels of MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the rats' serum were determined by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the rat ankle tissue. The mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in synovial tissue of the ankle joint was detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The body weight of the rats in each group showed an increasing trend, and there was no significant difference in weight between the groups. CHD and piroxicam suppressed paw swelling and arthritic scores and decreased synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation, and bone destruction. Furthermore, the overproduction of MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum was remarkably attenuated in the chymotrypsin- and piroxicam-treated rats. The protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the synovial tissue of the chymotrypsin group and the piroxicam group were significantly lower than those in the model group. Likewise, the rats treated with chymotrypsin and piroxicam had a substantial decline in the mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in synovial tissue. CONCLUSIONS Chymotrypsin alleviates the joint damage of AIA rats, probably by reducing the expression of MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijun Tian
- Jianqiao Pharmaceutical Limited Liability Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zanling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Cong S, Wang L, Meng Y, Cai X, Zhang C, Gu Y, Ma X, Luo L. Saussurea involucrata
oral liquid regulates gut microbiota and serum metabolism during alleviation of collagen‐induced arthritis in rats. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1242-1259. [PMID: 36451529 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Saussurea involucrata oral liquid (SIOL) can clinically relieve symptoms, such as joint pain and swelling, and morning stiffness, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. This study used a combination of gut microbiota and serum metabolomics analysis to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of SIOL intervention on rats with RA induced by type II bovine collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant. Results showed that SIOL treatment consequently improved the degree of ankle joint swelling, joint histopathological changes, joint pathological score, and expression of serum-related inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in RA model rats. 16 S rRNA sequencing results showed that SIOL increased the relative richness of the Lactobacillus and Bacteroides genus and decreased the relative richness of Romboutsia, Alloprevotella, Blautia, and Helicobacter genus. Serum nontargeted metabolomic results indicated that SIOL could regulate metabolites related to metabolic pathways, such as glycine, serine, threonine, galactose, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the regulatory effects of SIOL on the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways were correlated with changes in the richness of the Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella genus in the gut microbiome. In conclusion, this study revealed the ameliorative effects of SIOL on RA and suggested that the therapeutic effects of SIOL on RA may be related to the regulation of the community richness of the Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella genus, thereby improving the TCA cycle; phenylalanine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Yan Meng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Xuanlin Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Yanqin Gu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Li Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
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21
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Yang J, Lin YR, Xiong BJ, Chen ZH, Luo YF, Xu Y, Su YP, Huang HH, Yu CX. Regulation effect of koumine on T-helper cell polarization in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 937:175387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Shaaban HH, Hozayen WG, Khaliefa AK, El-Kenawy AE, Ali TM, Ahmed OM. Diosmin and Trolox Have Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potencies in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Male Wistar Rats: Roles of NF-κB, iNOS, Nrf2 and MMPs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091721. [PMID: 36139795 PMCID: PMC9495550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease caused by a malfunction of the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-arthritic effects and suggest the mechanisms of actions of diosmin and trolox in male Wistar rats. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was used to establish RA in the animals by subcutaneous injection of 100 µL CFA/rat into plantar region of right hind leg in two consecutive days. Diosmin and/or trolox were administered orally at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day to CFA-induced arthritic rats for 2 weeks. The normal and arthritic control groups were orally given the same equivalent volume of a vehicle (1% carboxymethyl cellulose) in which treatment agents were dissolved. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for the detection of the total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC) in blood and the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as markers of oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system in serum. The right hind ankle regions of three rats from each group were dissected out and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for histological examination and the other three were kept at −30 °C for Western blot analysis of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein 50 (NF-κB p50), NF-κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and MMP-9. The CFA injection was deleterious to the ankle joint’s histological architecture, manifesting as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the articular cartilage, hyperplasia of the synovium, and erosion of the cartilage. All these effects were ameliorated by diosmin and/or trolox, with the combined dose being the most effective. The two compounds significantly lowered the elevated serum levels of RF, ACPA, TNF-α, and IL-17, as well as other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9. They also increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-13, and the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. The compounds stimulated higher activities of antioxidants, such as glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and reduced lipid peroxidation in the serum of arthritic rats. In conclusion, diosmin, trolox, and their combination, which was the most potent, exerted anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, and activating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda H. Shaaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Walaa G. Hozayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Amal K. Khaliefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Ayman E. El-Kenawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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23
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AL-Johani NS, Al-Zharani M, Aljarba NH, Alhoshani NM, Alkeraishan N, Alkahtani S. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Coenzyme-Q10 and Piperine against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cytotoxicity in HuH-7 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8495159. [PMID: 35872848 PMCID: PMC9300329 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8495159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) alkylates DNA and RNA produce crosslinks that cause gene expression and protein synthesis inhibition to exert its anticancer effect. However, adverse effects of CP have restricted the CP application in cancer treatment. We investigate coenzyme-Q10 (Q10) and piperine (P) protective role on CP oxidant and inflammatory effect. HuH-7 cells were exposed to varying concentrations and combinations of Q10, P, and CP and evaluated intracellular ROS generation as well as inflammatory responses upon exposure. Our results showed Q10 and/or P suppressed both basal and CP-induced ROS generation without upsetting the balance in activities of SOD, catalase, and GSH levels. Analysis of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression showed that CP treatment alone only induced expression of IL-6β. However, coexposure of the cells to both Q10 and CP caused significant suppression of basal Cox-2 and TNF-α gene expression, while coexposure of the cells to CP and P with Co-Q10 suppressed basal IL-1β gene expression. Q10 also suppressed CP-induced expression of Cox-1. P and CP suppressed basal expression of IL-6β and IL-12β, while P and Q10 suppressed CP-induced IL1-α gene expression. Taken together, both Q10 and P seem to be inhibiting NFκβ pathway to suppress CP-mediated inflammation. In conclusion, Q10 and/or P induced suppression of ROS generation mediated by CP and also suppressed CP-induced inflammation by inhibiting expression of specific inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah S. AL-Johani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M. Alhoshani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkeraishan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Jabeen Q, Haider SI, Asif A, Rasheed R, Gul S, Arshad S. Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Curtailing the Expression of COX-II and Inflammatory Cytokines as Well as by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221112649. [PMID: 35832768 PMCID: PMC9272483 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet traditionally been used as
home remedy for backaches, joint pain, colic, and rheumatism. The objective of
this study was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of plant in an
adjuvant-induced arthritis paradigm. Immune-mediated rheumatoid arthritis was
developed by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of
rats and the aqueous methanolic crude extract was administered. The animals were
physically monitored for changes in paw edema size and arthritic score.
Hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory indicators evaluated. Genetic
expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6),
necrosis factor (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase (COX-II) enzyme were studied using
real-time qPCR. PGE2 levels in blood were quantified through Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). On the 14th day, Immunoglobulin E (IGE) exhibited a
substantial decline in paw edema and arthritic score. At the doses of 500 mg/Kg
(P ≤ .05) and 1000 mg/Kg (P ≤ .001), IGE
significantly reduced TNF-α, interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression. IGE
significantly lowered the MDA levels at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg (13.18 ±
.70 and 9.04 ± .26 μM/L respectively) as compared to arthritic control (30.82 ±
1.12 μM/L) group. IGE significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities
of CAT and SOD (P ≤ .001) in treated animals. TNF-α,
interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression were also significantly reduced at the
doses of 300 (P ≤ .05), 500 (P ≤ .01) and
1000 mg/Kg (P ≤ .001) which were expressed as fold changes.
This study shows that Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet has
a strong potential to alleviate immune-mediated arthritis by lowering oxidative
stress and downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines signaling
mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ihtisham Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Awais Asif
- Department of Biochemistry, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Rasheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Gul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Arshad
- University College of Conventional Medicines, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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25
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Yacoub AS, Ammar HO, Ibrahim M, Mansour SM, El Hoffy NM. Artificial intelligence-assisted development of in situ forming nanoparticles for arthritis therapy via intra-articular delivery. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1423-1436. [PMID: 35532141 PMCID: PMC9128554 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular (IA) injection is grasping much interest due to the poor drug bioavailability at the targeted site of action which minimizes the effect of the orally administered moiety. Based on the integral role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), much effort is exerted to develop novel localized drug delivery systems to increase their bioavailability and minimize their side effects. Artificial intelligence (AI) is acquiring an increasing role in the design of experiments being an effective tool for saving both time and resources. Hence, the aim of this work was to develop, characterize and optimize targeted in-situ forming nano particles (ISNs) for IA delivery of piroxicam using Design® Expert as an AI-based application where a 33 full factorial experimental design was adopted. Morphological investigation, injectability, rheological studies, Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) as well as biological, histopathological, and biochemical examinations were performed to evaluate the optimized-ISNs. The optimized formulation, exhibiting a nano-sized particle size with a dense core, showed significant improvement in the histopathological findings compared to both the oral solution and the placebo. Additionally, the once-a-week IA administration of the optimized-ISNs proved a significant reduction in the protein expression of both STAT-3 and RANKL and the levels of anti-CCP and MCP-1 by almost 54 and 73%, respectively, coupled with a marked decline in the content of IL-17, MMP-3, NF-κB and TNF-α as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, the use of ISNs for intra-articular injection has demonstrated their effectiveness in piroxicam delivery for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Yacoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Chen Y, Liu K, Qin Y, Chen S, Guan G, Huang Y, Chen Y, Mo Z. Effects of Pereskia aculeate Miller Petroleum Ether Extract on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats and its Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869810. [PMID: 35614946 PMCID: PMC9124934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether extract of P. aculeate Miller (PEEP) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:In vitro: The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell activity and select the optimal concentration of the extract; the effective site was screened by nitric oxide (NO) colorimetric method and Q-PCR method; the expression of p38, p-p38, p-MK2, and Tristetraprolin (TTP) in RAW 264.7 cells were detected by Western blot. In vivo: The rat model was established by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). The different doses of PEEP on CFA rats were observed with life status, paw swelling, spleen index, X-ray, Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining; the secretion of Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expressions of p38, p-p38, p-MK2, and TTP in the ankle joints of CFA rats were detected by Western blot.Result:In vitro: PEEP, Ethyl Acetate Extract of P. aculeate Miller (EEEP), N-butanol Extract of P. aculeate Miller (BEEP) have no toxic effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. PEEP, EEEP, and BEEP reduce the secretion of NO in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only PEEP significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6; PEEP-dependently reduce the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, decrease the expression of p-p38 and p-MK2, and the level of TTP phosphorylation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In vivo: PEEP improve the living conditions of CFA rats, reduce foot swelling, spleen index, bone surface erosion and joint space narrowing; reduce the formation of synovial cells, inflammatory cells and pannus in the foot and ankle joints. PEEP reduce the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2 in rat serum, downregulate the expression of p-p38 and p-MK2 in the ankle joint, and reduce the phosphorylation of TTP.Conclusion: PEEP improve the living conditions of CFA rats, reduce the degree of foot swelling, protect immune organs, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage damage, pannus formation, reduce inflammation and RA damage. The mechanism through regulating the signal pathway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK), which reduces the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kaifei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yingyuan Qin
- Nephrology, Guilin TCM Hospital of China, Guilin, China
| | - Suyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Guokai Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Zhixian Mo,
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Zhixian Mo,
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Farrukh M, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Chauhdary Z, Alsharif I, Manan M, Qasim M, Alhasani RH, Shah GM, Shah MA. Sarcococca saligna Hydroalcoholic Extract Ameliorates Arthritis in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats via Modulation of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Suppression of Oxidative Stress Markers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13164-13177. [PMID: 35474846 PMCID: PMC9026066 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, Sarcococca saligna has been used for the treatment of arthritis and many other inflammatory disorders. The current study was planned to give scientific evidence to this traditional use of S. saligna. Phytochemical profiling of SSME was carried out by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), 150 μL was injected in the subplantar region of the left hind paw to induce arthritis in rats. Aqueous methanolic extract of S. saligna (SSME) was administered orally at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg dose from the 7th day to the 28th day of the study to explore its anti-arthritic potential. Histopathological and radiographic assessment of joints and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed. Determination of oxidative stress biomarkers in the serum was also carried out. ESI-MS/MS identified ten such phytoconstituents which have reported strong anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. The SSME extract considerably reduced paw inflammation and arthritic index, subdued cachexia, and significantly improved biochemical and hematological changes. Oxidative stress decreased in SSME administered rats dose-dependently. Histopathological and radiographic evaluations also showed the anti-arthritic activity of SSME, which was associated with the downregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)-kB, COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and upregulation of I-kB, IL-4, and IL-10, in contrast to disease group rats. The outcomes of the study proposed that S. saligna have anti-arthritic potential, supporting its traditional use for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farrukh
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
- , Tel: +923334904928
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department
of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm
Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Manan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21961 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department
of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21120, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21120, Pakistan
- ; Tel: +923058265476
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Pharmacological evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of terpinen-4-ol using in vitro and in vivo assays. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:945-959. [PMID: 35320496 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Terpinen 4-ol, a phytochemical is a monoterpene which has been reported for its anti-inflammatory effect. Present research was planned to check its effect against arthritis through in vitro and in vivo models. Terpinen 4-ol was evaluated through in-vitro procedures including blocking of protein (BSA and egg albumin) denaturation and human RBC membrane stabilization. In in vivo study, terpinen 4-ol (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) was evaluated using formaldehyde and CFA arthritic models. Terpinen 4-ol significantly inhibited increase in paw and joint swelling as compared to diseased group. Terpinen 4-ol showed remarkable antioxidant effect (SOD, reducing power) and also improved body weight, haematological, histopathological and radiological parameters in CFA model. Also, moreover, the excess production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IRAK, and NF-kB were noticeably attenuated in all terpinen 4-ol treated rats, however, IL-17 and IL-10 were distinctly increased compared to arthritic control rats in RT-PCR. Also, terpinen 4-ol showed promising antioxidant effect in DPPH assay. Henceforth, it might be concluded that terpinen 4-ol has anti-arthritic effect which can be attributed to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Haider SI, Asif A, Rasheed HMF, Akram A, Jabeen Q. Caralluma tuberculata exhibits analgesic and anti-arthritic potential by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuating oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:621-638. [PMID: 35257282 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caralluma tuberculata N.E. Brown (Common name: Chongan), belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae is distributed widely in hilly areas of Dir, Swat, Kohat and in plain lands of Punjab, Pakistan. The plant has been used as a source of vegetable as well as home remedy for headache, muscle spasms and rheumatism. The present study was proposed to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of the aqueous methanolic extract of C. tuberculata (ICE). The dried shoots of plant were used to prepare aqueous methanolic extract (30:70) by 3 days thrice maceration and filtration followed by evaporation under reduced pressure. ICE was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC. The antioxidant potential was evaluated through DPPH assay. Analgesic potential of ICE was studied using hot plate and tail immersion methods, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed using turpentine oil and carrageenan-induced inflammation models, in wistar albino rats. Formaldehyde-induced and Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritis models were used for the assessment of anti-arthritic activity of ICE and its effects on serum levels of PGE-2 as well as gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were studied. ICE displayed a dose-dependent (300-1000 mg/Kg p.o.) analgesic effect in hot plate (maximum retention time of 10.87 and 13 s) and tail immersion (response time of 11 and 13.64 s) tests at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg, respectively. The extract exhibited a significant decrease in paw inflammation of rats at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg as compared to the disease control group. ICE also exhibited a remarkable decline in arthritic score and a dose-dependent drop in serum levels of prostaglandin E2. There was a significant suppression in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and cyclooxygenase enzyme in treatment groups. This study concludes that Caralluma tuberculata exhibits strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities thus upholding the vernacular use of the plant for pain and rheumatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ihtisham Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. .,Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Asif
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Farhan Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Drugs Testing Laboratory, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Farrukh M, Saleem U, Qasim M, Manan M, Shah MA. Sarcococca saligna extract attenuates formaldehyde-induced arthritis in Wistar rats via modulation of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:579-597. [PMID: 35218463 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sarcococca saligna plant is commonly used as traditional therapy for arthritis especially in Asian countries. The current study is designed to explore the anti-arthritic potential of S. saligna aqueous methanolic extract (SSME). Preliminary proximate study and HPLC analysis were performed to investigate the phytochemical characterization and quality control. The safety of the SSME was evaluated by performing an acute oral toxicity study (OECD guidelines 425). The anti-arthritic potential of SSME was explored by in vivo formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. The antiarthritic effect of the SSME was determined through paw diameter, arthritic index, body weight, biochemical and haematological parameters. Radiographic and histopathological studies were also carried out to evaluate the results. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the upregulation and downregulation of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats while ELISA was done to determine the concentration of HSP-70, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum. Results of acute oral toxicity showed no abnormality and mortality. There was no noticeable change in haematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination exhibited the normal structure of vital organs. So, SSME might be safe at a 2000 mg/kg dose, proposing that LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Gallic acid, catechin, hydroxyl benzoic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-cumaric acid were identified by HPLC. The outcomes of in vivo formaldehyde-induced arthritic model showed that SSME significantly reduced paw inflammation and arthritic index and improved haematological and biochemical parameters. Moreover, the SSME influentially down-regulated the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α and NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-4, and IL-10. The results of the undertaken study suggest that S. saligna have strong anti-arthritic activity supporting its conventional application as the remedy of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farrukh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Manan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Nerolidol: a potential approach in rheumatoid arthritis through reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, COX-2 and antioxidant effect in CFA-induced arthritic model. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:537-548. [PMID: 35212850 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is primarily associated with inflammation and increased level of proinflammatory cytokines which are released by immune cells, macrophages or activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. The expression of these cytokines, oxidative free radicals and the activation of COX-2 enzymes are crucial targets for chronic inflammation. On the basis of established anti-inflammatory efficacy of nerolidol, the primary study was further appraised to determine its approach against Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) rheumatoid model. Arthritis was induced by inoculation of 0.1 mL CFA injection into the left hind footpad of rats. Anti-arthritic potential of nerolidol (at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses) was assessed by measuring the paw volume, body weight, serum analysis, histopathological and radiographs of ankle joints. Expressions of cytokine's panels such as IL-10, IL-4, COX-2, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE-2 and IL-1β were determined by real-time qPCR. Antioxidant enzyme analyses were conducted by measuring the SOD, POD and catalase activity from serum and equated with arthritic control group. Nerolidol prevented body weight loss, stabilized biochemical and haematological homeostasis and significantly reduced the paw volume. Furthermore, X-ray and histopathological assessment of ankle joints showed an improvement in the joint structure of rats treated with nerolidol. Besides that, overexpression of gene pointers like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, PGE-2 and COX-2 in CFA-treated control rats were also reversed with nerolidol. This anti-arthritic mechanism was further supported by the increased level of IL-10, IL-4 and serum antioxidant activity. The present findings demonstrate that nerolidol reduced adjuvant arthritis by downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines and upregulating the aforementioned anti-inflammatory cytokines and may be used as a therapeutic substance for the management of human rheumatoid arthritis.
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Bashir N, Ahmad SB, Rehman MU, Muzamil S, Bhat RR, Mir MUR, Shazly GA, Ibrahim MA, Elossaily GM, Sherif AY, Kazi M. Zingerone (4-(four-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butane-two-1) modulates adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis by regulating inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants. Redox Rep 2021; 26:62-70. [PMID: 33784959 PMCID: PMC8018447 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1907518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is considered to be one of the most commonly consumed dietary condiments of the world. The present study was designed to explicate the protective role of zingerone; an active ingredient of ginger in complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA)-immunized arthritic rats. METHODS 24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats each. Group I as control followed by group II, III and IV were treated with single intradermal injection of FCA (0.1 ml = 100 µg) to induce rheumatoid arthritis. Group III and IV were also administered with zingerone orally at 25 mg/kg b.w for 3 weeks at two different time points. RESULTS Adjuvant-treated rats exhibited a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, catalase and GPx, in the liver and joint tissues. Moreover, FCA inoculation resulted in the increase in levels of NF-κB, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Hs-CRP and a decrease in IL-10 levels. Zingerone significantly reduced the levels of NF-κB, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Hs-CRP and markedly increased IL-10 levels. Levels of antioxidant enzymes were also restored by zingerone treatment. DISCUSSION Oral administration of zingerone ameliorated inflammatory outburst and decreased oxidative stress, suggesting its role in the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis. Further mechanistic insights are necessary to study the exact mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazirah Bashir
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showkeen Muzamil
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
| | - Rahil Razak Bhat
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
| | - Manzoor ur Rahman Mir
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, RiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, RiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Y. Sherif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, RiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, RiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:618-653. [PMID: 34977871 PMCID: PMC8706767 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF-κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF-κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF-κB activity and key components of the NF-κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF-κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases. These studies make the NF-κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF-κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF-κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF-κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chao Ma
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Ahsan H, Haider I, Mushtaq MN, Qaisar MN, Naqvi F, Asif A. Pharmacological support to anti-arthritic prospective of physostigmine: a new approach. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1119-1129. [PMID: 34224070 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a slowly progressing inflammatory autoimmune disease. Several features are involved in the RA pathogenesis in addition to environmental and genetic factors. Previously it has been reported that acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity is enhanced in old age and may contribute in the progression of RA. The current experimental work was projected to assess the activity of physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor) for treatment of RA. In vitro and in vivo approaches were used for such evaluation. However, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was performed to determine the concentrations of Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-α in arthritic rats after treatment with physostigmine. Moreover, anti-oxidant assays were employed to calculate the level of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase peroxidase (CAT) in tissue of treated animals. The results claimed the dose dependent protective and stabilizing effect of physostigmine on denaturation of albumin (egg and bovine serum) protein and human red blood cell membrane, respectively, through in vitro studies. Furthermore, the physostigmine (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the swelling of paw after induction of arthritis with formaldehyde or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as compared to arthritic control animals. Moreover, significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers (PGE2 and TNF-α) at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg of physostigmine has been observed in ELISA test. Likewise, there was a prominent rise in levels of SOD and CAT in animals treated with physostigmine. These findings pharmacologically conclude the anti-arthritic effect of physostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtisham Haider
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Farwa Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Awais Asif
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Mahnashi MH, Jabbar Z, Alamgeer, Irfan HM, Asim MH, Akram M, Saif A, Alshahrani MA, Alshehri MA, Asiri SA. Venlafaxine demonstrated anti-arthritic activity possibly through down regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1413-1425. [PMID: 34302591 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat depression. Previous studies demonstrated its anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Present research aimed to explore its anti-arthritic potential. Different in-vitro assays including egg albumin, bovine serum albumin denaturation and human red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization assays along with in-vivo models of formaldehyde and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis were used to study its anti-arthritic effect. Venlafaxine inhibited egg albumin and bovine serum albumin denaturation and preserve the integrity of red blood cells membrane in concentration-dependent manner. In formaldehyde-induced arthritis venlafaxine significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the paw edema on treatment for 10 days. Chronic administration of venlafaxine for 28 days in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis model decreased the paw volume (p < 0.001), arthritic index (p < 0.01), flexion pain score (p < 0.05), mobility score (p < 0.05), and improved the stance score (p < 0.05). Venlafaxine also significantly declined the rheumatoid factor (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) levels and increased the RBC count (p < 0.01) and Hb value (p < 0.001). Upon PCR analysis venlafaxine remarkably turndown the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2. Taken together it is inferred from current findings that venlafaxine possesses the significant anti-arthritic activity and could be a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater Hussen Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Jabbar
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mulazim Hussain Asim
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Saif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
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Liu JH, Hsieh CH, Liu CY, Chang CW, Chen YJ, Tsai TH. Anti-inflammatory effects of Radix Aucklandiae herbal preparation ameliorate intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113912. [PMID: 33567307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapy agent that is widely used in clinical oncologic practice. However, intestinal mucositis is the most frequently occurring side effect of cancer therapy with 5-FU. Based on a literature survey, Radix Aucklandiae herbal preparation potentially ameliorates intestinal mucositis in 5-FU-treated mice. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammation and gastrointestinal regulation of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU, including the intestinal morphology, as well as the reduction in food intake, body weight loss, and diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intestinal mucositis was induced in mice by 5-FU (30 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days). The dose-dependent Radix Aucklandiae herbal preparation (0.3, 1, and 3 g/kg/day, p.o.), loperamide (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or celecoxib (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was concurrently administered until the 7th day. Physical status observation, diarrhea assessment, serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, intestinal villus height and crypt depth, and total goblet cells from tissues were assessed. RESULTS The dosage regimen of 5-FU administration caused severe intestinal mucositis in mice, including damage to the intestinal morphology, accompanied by a reduction in food intake, body weight loss, and diarrhea. The high-dose Radix Aucklandiae herbal preparation significantly relieves 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis by enhancing proliferative activity in epithelial crypts; improving anepithymia, body weight loss, and diarrhea; and displaying protective effects on goblet cells in intestinal mucosal epithelia. Activation of NF-κB in the intestinal mucositis model was also suppressed by the Radix Aucklandiae herbal preparation, suggesting that it is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the conclusion that the Radix Aucklandiae herbal preparation could effectively ameliorate 5-FU-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and be applied clinically for the prevention of intestinal mucositis during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Han Liu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 220, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 251, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 251, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Deligiannidou GE, Gougoula V, Bezirtzoglou E, Kontogiorgis C, Constantinides TK. The Role of Natural Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Knowledge of Basic In Vitro and In Vivo Research. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040599. [PMID: 33924632 PMCID: PMC8070014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting a vast variety of the population. The onset of RA as well as the development of systematic immunization is affected by both genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to point out the role of natural products in the management of RA, focusing on the reports of basic research (in vitro and animal studies) emphasizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties considered in the field of RA. A systematic screening of the relevant literature was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the following criteria: publication date, 2015-2020; language, English; study design, in vitro or animal models; and the investigation of one or several natural products in the context of RA, including, when available, the molecular mechanisms implicated. A total of 211 papers were initially obtained and screened. In vitro and animal studies referring to 20 natural products and 15 pure compounds were ultimately included in this review. The outcomes of this work provide an overview of the methods employed in basic research over the past five years, with emphasis on the limitations presented, while demonstrating the potential benefits of utilizing natural products in the management of RA as supported by in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
| | - Vasiliki Gougoula
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, GR-71410 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Theodoros K. Constantinides
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Shahzad M, Asim MH, Akram M, Zafar MS. Anti-rheumatic activity of pseudoephedrine (a substituted phenethylamine) in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by down regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as upregulating IL-4 and IL-10. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:673-682. [PMID: 33772383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoephedrine (substituted phenethylamine) is well known as psychotic and bronchodilator. Numerous studies on phenethylamine derivatives indicated that these agents have the potential to abolish inflammatory responses in the non-biological and biological systems. These facts provided the basis to conduct a study on pseudoephedrine to explore its therapeutics in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Furthermore, existing treatment approaches for RA associated with limited effect on chronic immunological models. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was performed to execute the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in treated and non-treated arthritic rats. These findings were further co investigate by histological observations. The paw volume, paw diameter, weight variations and arthritic score were determined at specific days throughout the experiment of 28 days. Pseudoephedrine at all doses significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the expression of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, pseudoephedrine (20 and 40 mg/kg) caused significant augmentation of IL-4 and IL-10. Similarly, the drug expressed a significant anti-arthritic effect by reducing the paw volume, paw diameter and arthritic score. Similarly, it also reverts the reduction in body weight of arthritic rats at all above-mentioned doses. These findings supported the anti-arthritic potential of pseudoephedrine and recommended it for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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Qasim S, Saleem M, Alotaibi NH, Bukhari SNA, Alharbi KS, Irfan HM, Anwar R. Appraisal of the Antiarthritic Potential of Prazosin via Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokine TNF-α: A Key Player in Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2379-2388. [PMID: 33521476 PMCID: PMC7841939 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prazosin, a selective α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, with documented anti-inflammatory potential, was evaluated for its antiarthritic efficacy by targeting specifically TNF-α. The antiarthritic attribute of prazosin validated through in vitro screening comprised thermally provoked denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg albumin along with membrane stabilization evaluation at a concentration of 100-6400 μg/mL, while in vivo screening comprised formaldehyde-instigated arthritis at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis at 20 mg/kg dose. Paw swelling, body weight, arthritic score, hematological parameters, and histological and radiographic examination of ankle joints were assessed for a period of 28 days after CFA immunization. Moreover, the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α level was also assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Prazosin revealed significant antiarthritic effect evident through protein denaturation inhibition in the egg albumin and the BSA model, stabilization of red blood cell membrane in the membrane stabilizing assay, and reduction in paw volume in formaldehyde-induced arthritis. Likewise, prazosin exhibited propitious antiarthritic effects in the CFA-provoked arthritis model manifested by paw volume and arthritic score alleviation, substantial weight loss prevention, and preservation of the normal hematological and biochemical profile. Histological and X-ray investigation unveiled no substantive structural alterations in treated rat's ankle joints. The TNF-α expression level was also reduced. Thus, the current study is suggestive that prazosin exhibits a strong antiarthritic potential possibly through inhibition of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Qasim
- College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha, Sargodha University Road, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha, Sargodha University Road, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Anwar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
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Miao SM, Zhang Q, Bi XB, Cui JL, Wang ML. A review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ephedra herb. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:321-344. [PMID: 32451091 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra herb is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Conventionally, it was used as a folk phytomedicine in many ancient medical books and traditional prescriptions. Up to date, a variety of specific ingredients have been found in Ephedra herb, mainly including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, organic acids, volatile oils, and many other active compounds. These components from Ephedra herb account for its use as the accurate treatment of cold, cough, cardiovascular and immune system disease, cancer, microbial infection, and other diseases. Moreover, with the fast development of novel chemistry and medicine technology, new chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ephedra herb are increasingly identified, demonstrating their great potential for various diseases treatment. Therefore, further detailed understanding and investigation of this ancient herb will offer new opportunities to develop novel therapeutics. This study systematically reviews its progress of phytochemistry, traditional and modern pharmacology based on research data that have been reported, aiming at providing useful insight for commercial exploitation, further study and precision medication of Ephedra herb in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Man Miao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Bi
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science (CBSS), School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Mobashar A, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Saeed-ul-Hassan. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory and Antiarthritic Potential of Trigonella gharuensis Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8836080. [PMID: 33381210 PMCID: PMC7749762 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8836080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus of Trigonella has long been used for the treatment of arthritis and inflammatory disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of T. gharuensis in the rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) model was used to induce arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced on day 0, while treatment which was started on day 8 continued for twenty days. Arthritic development and paw edema were determined using an arthritic scoring index and plethysmometer, respectively. Histopathology was evaluated using H&E staining. RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to determine expression levels of proinflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-ĸB, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Prostaglandin E2 level (PGE2) was evaluated using ELISA. Blood analysis and biochemical parameters were also determined. The significance level was set as P < 0.05. Treatment with extracts reduced paw edema, arthritic progression, and histopathological parameters. Expression levels of abovementioned proinflammatory cytokines and COX2 were downregulated, while IL-4 was upregulated. PGE2 levels were found reduced with extract treatment. Blood parameters were nearly normalized in treatment groups. Extract treatment did not alter biochemical parameters. Both extracts had effects comparable with piroxicam. In conclusion, extracts of T. gharuensis ameliorated experimentally induced arthritis that may be ascribed to its immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Mobashar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saeed-ul-Hassan
- Imran Idrees College of Pharmacy, 3 km Daska Road, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Anacardium occidentale via Inhibition of Collagenase and Lysosomal Enzymes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8869484. [PMID: 33224258 PMCID: PMC7669349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anacardium occidentale (cashew) has been used in the traditional system of medicine for curing many inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates the antiarthritic effects of cashew leaves extract using the rat model of FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritic rats were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic extract of cashew leaves. Animals were sacrificed at day 23, and before sacrificing the animals, gross pathological changes were observed. Histopathology of ankle joint was evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated by the agglutination method. Inflammatory cells and other hematological parameters were assessed by employing an automated hemocytometer and chemistry analyzer. Rheumatoid factor (Rf) and lysosomal enzymes levels were determined in blood. Results indicated that A. occidentale significantly decreased the CPR levels, macroscopic arthritic score, and rheumatoid factor as compared to the diseased group. Histopathological evaluation showed significant attenuation in bone erosion, joint inflammation, and pannus formation by plant extract. Treatment with A. occidentale significantly suppressed the levels of acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and collagenase. Moreover, A. occidentale significantly raised the HB levels and RBCs counts which were found depleted in the diseased group. The raised counts of total leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were also significantly decreased by treatment with plant extract. Comparative analysis showed that higher dose of A. occidentale demonstrated superior amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis as compared to low dose. In conclusion, A. occidentale possesses significant antiarthritic potential, which may be attributed to the suppression of lysosomal enzymes and collagenase levels.
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Manan M, Saleem U, Akash MS, Qasim M, Hayat M, Raza Z, Ahmad B. Antiarthritic Potential of Comprehensively Standardized Extract of Alternanthera bettzickiana: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19478-19496. [PMID: 32803042 PMCID: PMC7424589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternanthera bettzickiana is being used as a folk remedy for treating arthritis by conventional healers in Thailand. The current research was undertaken to explore the antiarthritic potential of A. bettzickiana ethanolic extract (ABEE). Plant characterization, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo (ABEE at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg was administered orally to rats once daily for 28 days) studies to explore the antiarthritic effect and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed. Oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)) in the serum and histopathological and radiographic assessment of joints were also carried out. Gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, and γ- and α-tocopherol were identified in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between these compounds and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The extract significantly subdued paw swelling and arthritic scoring, inhibited cachexia, and considerably improved biochemical and hematological modifications. SOD and CAT levels increased and the MDA level decreased in ABEE-treated rats dose-dependently. Radiographic and histopathological analyses also supported the antiarthritic effect of ABEE, which was linked with the downregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β and upregulation of IL-10, I-kB, and IL-4 as compared to disease control rats. Results suggested that A. bettzickiana possessed antiarthritic potential, supporting its folkloric use for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
Hamid Akash
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department
of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayat
- Department
of Biochemistry, Government College University,
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Benzylideneacetophenone Derivative Alleviates Arthritic Symptoms via Modulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153319. [PMID: 32707885 PMCID: PMC7435446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzylideneacetophenone derivative 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-{3-[1]-phenyl}-propenone (JC3 dimer) was synthesized through the dimerization of JC3. To investigate the inhibitory effects of JC3 dimer, the carrageenan/kaolin (C/K)-induced knee arthritis rat model was used in vivo and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were used in vitro. In the C/K rat model, JC3 dimer was given after arthritis induction for 6 days at the concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day. Manifestation of arthritis was evaluated using knee thickness, weight distribution ratio (WDR), and squeaking test. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the serum of JC3 dimer-treated arthritic rats were also analyzed. Histological examination of the knee joints was also done. For the FLS, the cells were stimulated using IL-1β and concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL JC3 dimer were used. The levels of IL-8, IL-6, and PGE2 were measured in stimulated FLS treated with JC3 dimer. At days 5 to 6 after arthritis induction, JC3 dimer treatment significantly decreased arthritic symptoms and reduced the inflammation in the knee joints in the histology of knee tissues in C/K-arthritic rats. In stimulated FLS, JC3 dimer suppressed the increase of IL-8, IL-6, and PGE2. These findings suggest that JC3 dimer has suppressive effects on arthritis, and that JC3 dimer can be a potential agent for arthritis therapy.
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Anti-inflammatory effect of stevioside abates Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced adjuvant arthritis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1579-1597. [PMID: 32617791 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune and inflammatory disorder of the joints. The occurrence of disorder causes a severe damage to the connective tissue eventually leading to progressive physical disability and eventual death. The recent years of evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of stevioside, a diterpene glycoside. However, the effect of stevioside against adjuvant arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder is not known. Hence, the present study was designed to study the effect of stevioside against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis model in rats. The acute anti-inflammatory effect of stevioside also studied by employing carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats. The biochemical markers, haematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase activity, lipoxygenase activity, the levels of PGE2 and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 & IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were analysed. The protein expression of NF-κB (p65) COX-2 and iNOS in paw tissues were estimated by western blotting. Stevioside treatment significantly ameliorates the adjuvant induced arthritic scoring, histological alterations, paw volume, elevation of biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP and glucose levels) and haematological (haemoglobin, differential and platelet count) parameters and restored the endogenous anti-oxidant (SOD, CAT, GSH and GST) activities. Treatment with stevioside also significantly prevented the adjuvant induced elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), pro-inflammatory protein expressions (iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB (p65) and pIκB/IκB ratio), prevented the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and significantly restored the anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine level in paw tissues. Collectively, our findings suggest that stevioside may serve as anti-inflammatory agent and could serve as a potential adjunct therapeutic option in treating adjuvant arthritis.
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Raafat KM, El-Zahaby SA. Niosomes of active Fumaria officinalis phytochemicals: antidiabetic, antineuropathic, anti-inflammatory, and possible mechanisms of action. Chin Med 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fumaria officinalis (F. officinalis, FO) has been used in many inflammatory and painful-ailments. The main aim of this work is to perform an in-depth bio-guided phytochemical investigation of F. officinalis by identifying its main-active ingredients. Optimizing pharmacokinetics via niosomal-preparation will also be done to enhance their in vivo antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory potentials, and to explore their possible-mechanism of actions.
Methods
Bio-guided phytochemical-investigations including fractionation, isolation, chromatographic-standardization, and identification of the most active compound(s) were done. Optimized niosomal formulations of F. officinalis most active compound(s) were prepared and characterized. An in vivo biological-evaluation was done exploring acute, subchronic, and chronic alloxan-induced diabetes and diabetic-neuropathy, and carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory-pain and chronic-inflammatory edema.
Results
In-vivo bio-guided fractionation and chromatographic phytochemical-analysis showed that the alkaloid-rich fraction (ARF) is the most-active fraction. ARF contained two major alkaloids; Stylopine 48.3%, and Sanguinarine 51.6%. In-vitro optimization, analytical, and in vivo biological-investigations showed that the optimized-niosome, Nio-2, was the most optimized niosomal formulation. Nio-2 had particle size 96.56 ± 1.87 nm and worked by improving the pharmacokinetic-properties of ARF developing adequate entrapment-efficiency, rapid-degradation, and acceptable stability in simulated GI conditions. FO, ARF, and Nio 2 were the most potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels and amelioration of the in vivo oxidative-stress might be the main-mechanism responsible for their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
Conclusions
Fumaria officinalis most-active fraction was identified as ARF. This study offers an efficient and novel practical oral formulation ameliorating various inflammatory conditions and diabetic complications especially neuropathic-pain.
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Dimeric artesunate phospholipid-conjugated liposomes as promising anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Appraisal of disease-modifying potential of amlodipine as an anti-arthritic agent: new indication for an old drug. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1121-1136. [PMID: 32141013 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amlodipine, a second-generation calcium channel blocker, exhibits documented anti-inflammatory potential. Thereby, present investigation was accomplished with an aim to explore anti-arthritic potential of amlodipine, giving a second chance to an existing drug. For validation of anti-arthritic potential of amlodipine, some in vitro models comprised of bovine serum albumin- and egg albumin-induced protein denaturation along with membrane stabilization of red blood cell was being conducted. In vivo models comprised of formaldehyde-provoked acute arthritis and CFA-instigated chronic arthritic. Paw edema, arthritic index, body weight alterations, biochemical and hematological parameters, and ankle joint histological and radiographic investigations were appraised. Moreover, RT-PCR was conducted to evaluate the levels of several inflammatory markers. Molecular docking was being conducted targeting TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 to establish the correlation between experimental and theoretical results. Amlodipine provides significant protection against denaturation being provoked by heating egg albumin and BSA along with stabilizing membrane of red blood cell, thereby proving in vitro anti-arthritic effect. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in paw swelling was being observed with amlodipine in case of formaldehyde-instigated arthritis especially at the dose of 20 mg/kg. In case of CFA-provoked arthritis, reduction in paw volume and arthritic score while preservation of body weight loss and normal hematological and biochemical parameters in comparison to arthritic control were being manifested by amlodipine at the dose of 20 mg/kg. Gene expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly reduced by amlodipine while an increase in expression level of IL-4 and IL-10 was evident in animals treated with piroxicam and amlodipine. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated strong binding interaction of amlodipine with TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β thus providing a good correlation between experimental and theoretical results. Thus, current study is suggestive that amlodipine exhibits strong anti-arthritic potential and thus can be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing as anti-arthritic agent.
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Raafat KM, El-Zahaby SA. Niosomes of active Fumaria officinalis phytochemicals: antidiabetic, antineuropathic, anti-inflammatory, and possible mechanisms of action. Chin Med 2020; 15:40. [PMID: 32377229 PMCID: PMC7195756 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumaria officinalis (F. officinalis, FO) has been used in many inflammatory and painful-ailments. The main aim of this work is to perform an in-depth bio-guided phytochemical investigation of F. officinalis by identifying its main-active ingredients. Optimizing pharmacokinetics via niosomal-preparation will also be done to enhance their in vivo antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory potentials, and to explore their possible-mechanism of actions. METHODS Bio-guided phytochemical-investigations including fractionation, isolation, chromatographic-standardization, and identification of the most active compound(s) were done. Optimized niosomal formulations of F. officinalis most active compound(s) were prepared and characterized. An in vivo biological-evaluation was done exploring acute, subchronic, and chronic alloxan-induced diabetes and diabetic-neuropathy, and carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory-pain and chronic-inflammatory edema. RESULTS In-vivo bio-guided fractionation and chromatographic phytochemical-analysis showed that the alkaloid-rich fraction (ARF) is the most-active fraction. ARF contained two major alkaloids; Stylopine 48.3%, and Sanguinarine 51.6%. In-vitro optimization, analytical, and in vivo biological-investigations showed that the optimized-niosome, Nio-2, was the most optimized niosomal formulation. Nio-2 had particle size 96.56 ± 1.87 nm and worked by improving the pharmacokinetic-properties of ARF developing adequate entrapment-efficiency, rapid-degradation, and acceptable stability in simulated GI conditions. FO, ARF, and Nio 2 were the most potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels and amelioration of the in vivo oxidative-stress might be the main-mechanism responsible for their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSIONS Fumaria officinalis most-active fraction was identified as ARF. This study offers an efficient and novel practical oral formulation ameliorating various inflammatory conditions and diabetic complications especially neuropathic-pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Raafat
- grid.18112.3b0000 0000 9884 2169Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, 115020 Lebanon
| | - Sally A. El-Zahaby
- grid.442603.70000 0004 0377 4159Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jimi E, Takakura N, Hiura F, Nakamura I, Hirata-Tsuchiya S. The Role of NF-κB in Physiological Bone Development and Inflammatory Bone Diseases: Is NF-κB Inhibition "Killing Two Birds with One Stone"? Cells 2019; 8:cells8121636. [PMID: 31847314 PMCID: PMC6952937 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of various genes involved in inflammation and the immune response. The activation of NF-κB occurs via two pathways: inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, activate the "classical pathway", and cytokines involved in lymph node formation, such as CD40L, activate the "alternative pathway". NF-κB1 (p50) and NF-κB2 (p52) double-knockout mice exhibited severe osteopetrosis due to the total lack of osteoclasts, suggesting that NF-κB activation is required for osteoclast differentiation. These results indicate that NF-κB may be a therapeutic target for inflammatory bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. On the other hand, mice that express the dominant negative form of IκB kinase (IKK)-β specifically in osteoblasts exhibited increased bone mass, but there was no change in osteoclast numbers. Therefore, inhibition of NF-κB is thought to promote bone formation. Taken together, the inhibition of NF-κB leads to "killing two birds with one stone": it suppresses bone resorption and promotes bone formation. This review describes the role of NF-κB in physiological bone metabolism, pathologic bone destruction, and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijiro Jimi
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (N.T.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 81-92-642-6332
| | - Nana Takakura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (N.T.); (F.H.)
| | - Fumitaka Hiura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (N.T.); (F.H.)
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan;
| | - Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
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