1
|
Kong S, Liao Q, Liu Y, Luo Y, Fu S, Lin L, Li H. Prenylated Flavonoids in Sophora flavescens: A Systematic Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1087-1135. [PMID: 38864547 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Sophora flavescens has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical research has identified prenylated flavonoids as a unique class of bioactive compounds in S. flavescens. Recent pharmacological studies reveal that the prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens (PFS) exhibit potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and glycolipid metabolism-regulating activities, offering significant therapeutic benefits for various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of PFS have not been systematically studied. Despite the diverse biological effects of prenylated flavonoid compounds against similar diseases, their structure-activity relationship is not yet fully understood. This review aims to summarize the latest findings regarding the chemical composition, drug metabolism, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and structure-activity relationship of prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens. It seeks to highlight their potential for clinical use and suggest directions for future related studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sai Fu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 330006 Jiangxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Ma N, Gong X, Shi W, Meng X, Yan J, Zhao Z, Li J. Effects of herbal dregs supplementation of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Isatidis Radix residues improved production performance and gut microbiota abundance in late-phase laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381226. [PMID: 38764854 PMCID: PMC11100463 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza residues (SMR) and Isatidis Radix residues (IRR) on productive performance, egg quality, serum lipid and hormone levels, liver and blood antioxidant capacity, oviduct inflammation levels, and gut microbiota in the late-laying stage. A total of 288 fifty-four-week-old BaShang long-tailed hens were divided into four groups. The feed trial period was 8 weeks. The control group was fed the basic diet as a CCMR group, supplemented with 3, 4, and 6% for the experimental groups LCMR, MCMR, and HCMR. The egg production rate of the MCMR group was 8.1% higher than that of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels of hens of the CMR-supplemented group were significantly decreased than those of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with different levels of CMR had significantly higher serum HDL-C levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were remarkably increased for the LCMR and MCMR groups and significantly decreased for the HCMR group compared to CCMR (p < 0.05). Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the MCMR group compared to the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of tubal inflammatory factor markers (IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the MCMR and HCMR groups were consistent with the pathological findings of the sections. As for cecal microbiota, supplementation with CMR affected the alpha diversity of the cecum microbiome at the genus level. The Shannon index was significantly higher in the MCMR group than in the CCMR and HCMR groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of CMR mainly regulated the ratio of intestinal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of phyla such as Proteobacteria. In addition, CMR supplementation at different levels in the diet enriched lipid-metabolizing bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group. Furthermore, according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the MCMR group showed an increase in the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Romboutsia and fiber-degrading specialized bacteria Monoglobus. Therefore, supplementation of appropriate amounts of CMR to the diet of laying hens enhanced reproductive hormone levels, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism, alleviated the levels of oviductal inflammatory factors, and modulated the abundance structure of bacterial flora to improve the late-laying performance and egg quality. The results of the current study showed that CMR is a beneficial feed supplement for chickens when added in moderation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xincheng Gong
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianhua Meng
- Hebei General Station of Animal Husbandry, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingjiao Yan
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lou D, Fang Q, He Y, Ma R, Wang X, Li H, Qi M. Oxymatrine alleviates high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 J mice by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116491. [PMID: 38537582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a complex complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxymatrine (OMT) is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens with broad pharmacological effects. However, there is currently a lack of research on OMT in the field of NAFLD. The present study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of oxymatrine in treating T2DM with NAFLD. The T2DM mice model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in male C57BL/6 J mice. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Control group, DC group, OMT-L group (45 mg/kg i.g.), and OMT-H group (90 mg/kg, i.g.). The drug was administered once a day for 8 weeks. In addition, HepG2 hepatocytes were incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to establish a fatty liver cell model. Treated with OMT, the body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of DC mice were reduced and the liver organ coefficient was significantly optimized. Meanwhile, OMT markedly enhanced the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by noticeable improvements in liver histopathology. Furthermore, OMT down-regulated the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen I significantly, highlighting its potential in modulating inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. In conclusion, OMT improved liver impairment effectively in diabetic mice by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. These results suggest that OMT may represent a novel therapy for NAFLD with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Lou
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yinghao He
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ruyu Ma
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Minyou Qi
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin CF, Lin MH, Hung CF, Alshetaili A, Tsai YF, Jhong CL, Fang JY. The anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids and alkaloids from Sophora flavescens alleviates psoriasiform lesions: Prenylation and methoxylation beneficially enhance bioactivity and skin targeting. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1951-1970. [PMID: 38358770 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The herb Sophora flavescens displays anti-inflammatory activity and can provide a source of antipsoriatic medications. We aimed to evaluate whether S. flavescens extracts and compounds can relieve psoriasiform inflammation. The ability of flavonoids (maackiain, sophoraflavanone G, leachianone A) and alkaloids (matrine, oxymatrine) isolated from S. flavescens to inhibit production of cytokine/chemokines was examined in keratinocytes and macrophages. Physicochemical properties and skin absorption were determined by in silico molecular modeling and the in vitro permeation test (IVPT) to establish the structure-permeation relationship (SPR). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited higher inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and CXCL1 production in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated keratinocytes compared to the ethanol and water extracts. The flavonoids demonstrated higher cytokine/chemokine inhibition than alkaloids, with the prenylated flavanones (sophoraflavanone G, leachianone A) led to the highest suppression. Flavonoids exerted anti-inflammatory effects via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, activator protein-1, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. In the IVPT, prenylation of the flavanone skeleton significantly promoted skin absorption from 0.01 to 0.22 nmol/mg (sophoraflavanone G vs. eriodictyol). Further methoxylation of a prenylated flavanone (leachianone A) elevated skin absorption to 2.65 nmol/mg. Topical leachianone A reduced the epidermal thickness in IMQ-treated mice by 47%, and inhibited cutaneous scaling and cytokine/chemokine overexpression at comparable levels to a commercial betamethasone product. Thus, prenylation and methoxylation of S. flavescens flavanones may enable the design of novel antipsoriatic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Ling Jhong
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Guo S, Li S, Ye E, Wang W, Wang T, Wen Y, Guo L. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, anti-biofilm activity, and mechanism of action of Ku Shen ( Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) extracts against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1379341. [PMID: 38596374 PMCID: PMC11003267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) extracts (KSE) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and explore their anti-biofilm activity and mechanism of action. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of KSE optimized by single factor experiment, Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology was as follows: 93% ethanol as solvent, liquid/material ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 500 W, extraction temperature of 80°C and time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the diameter of inhibition circle of KSE was 15.60 ± 0.17 mm, which had no significant difference with the predicted value. The yield of dried KSE is 32.32 ± 0.57% and the content of total flavonoids in KSE was 57.02 ± 5.54%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of KSE against V. parahaemolyticus were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Crystal violet staining, Congo red plate, spectrophotometry, CCK-8 and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the activity and mechanism of action of KSE against V. parahaemolyticus biofilm. The results showed that the sub-MIC of KSE could significantly inhibit biofilm formation, reduce the synthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and the secretion of extracellular DNA. In addition, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation and clearance rate of mature biofilm of 1.0 mg/mL KSE were 85.32 and 74.04%, and the reduction rate of metabolic activity of developing and mature biofilm were 77.98 and 74.46%, respectively. These results were confirmed by visual images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, KSE has the potential to further isolate the anti-biofilm agent and evaluate it for the preservation process of aquatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Siya Guo
- College of Kangda, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuge Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Enjun Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Zhang D, Zhang T, Sutcharitchan C, Hua J, Hua D, Zhang B, Li S. Uncovering the mechanisms of Yi Qi Tong Qiao Pill in the treatment of allergic rhinitis based on Network target analysis. Chin Med 2023; 18:88. [PMID: 37488546 PMCID: PMC10364407 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of action of Yi Qi Tong Qiao Pill (YQTQP) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), as well as establish a paradigm for the researches on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from systematic perspective. METHODS Based on the data collected from TCM-related and disease-related databases, target profiles of compounds in YQTQP were calculated through network-based algorithms and holistic targets of TQTQP was constructed. Network target analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanisms of YQTQP in the treatment of AR and the mechanisms were classified into different modules according to their biological functions. Besides, animal and clinical experiments were conducted to validate our findings inferred from Network target analysis. RESULTS Network target analysis showed that YQTQP targeted 12 main pathways or biological processes related to AR, represented by those related to IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-13. These results could be classified into 3 biological modules, including regulation of immune and inflammation, epithelial barrier disorder and cell adhesion. Finally, a series of experiments composed of animal and clinical experiments, proved our findings and confirmed that YQTQP could improve related symptoms of AR, like permeability of nasal mucosa epithelium. CONCLUSION A combination of Network target analysis and the experimental validation indicated that YQTQP was effective in the treatment of AR and might provide a new insight on revealing the mechanism of TCM against diseases. Trial registration Name of the registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Trial registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-13,003,137: Date of registration: Registered 29 March 2013 - Retrospectively registered: URL of trial registry record: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=6422 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, FIT 1-115, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingfan Zhang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, FIT 1-115, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, FIT 1-115, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chayanis Sutcharitchan
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, FIT 1-115, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlin Hua
- Tianjin Oriental HuaKang Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Dongfang Hua
- Tianjin Oriental HuaKang Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- TCM Network Pharmacology Department, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shao Li
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, FIT 1-115, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ang S, Liang J, Zheng W, Zhang Z, Li J, Yan Z, Wong WL, Zhang K, Chen M, Wu P. Novel Matrine Derivatives as Potential Larvicidal Agents against Aedes albopictus: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Mechanistic Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073035. [PMID: 37049799 PMCID: PMC10096473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown that matrine (MA) possesses various pharmacological activities and is one of the few natural, plant-derived pesticides with the highest prospects for promotion and application. Fifty-eight MA derivatives were prepared, including 10 intermediates and 48 target compounds in 3 series, to develop novel mosquitocidal agents. Compounds 4b, 4e, 4f, 4m, 4n, 6e, 6k, 6m, and 6o showed good larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus, which is both a highly aggressive mosquito and an important viral vector that can transmit a wide range of pathogens. Dipping methods and a bottle bioassay were used for insecticidal activity evaluation. The LC50 values of 4e, 4m, and 6m reached 147.65, 140.08, and 205.79 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the LC50 value of MA was 659.34 μg/mL. Structure–activity relationship analysis demonstrated that larvicidal activity could be improved by the unsaturated heterocyclic groups introduced into the carboxyl group after opening the D ring. The MA derivatives with oxidized N-1 lost their mosquitocidal activities, indicating that the bareness of N-1 is crucial to maintain their anti-mosquito activity. However, the activity was not greatly influenced by introducing a cyan group at C-6 or a benzene sulfonyl group at N-16. Additionally, compounds 4e and 4m exhibited good inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase with inhibitory rates of 59.12% and 54.30%, respectively, at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, whereas the inhibitory rate of MA was 9.88%. Therefore, the structural modification and mosquitocidal activity of MA and its derivatives obtained here pave the way for those seeking strong mosquitocidal agents of plant origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Ang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jinfeng Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.C.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-13822330019 (K.Z.); +86-18312066545 (M.C.); +86-18825179347 (P.W.)
| | - Min Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.C.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-13822330019 (K.Z.); +86-18312066545 (M.C.); +86-18825179347 (P.W.)
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.C.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-13822330019 (K.Z.); +86-18312066545 (M.C.); +86-18825179347 (P.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cho SH, Jeong H, Park S, Shin HT, Lee HM, Kim KN. Anti-inflammatory activity of Echinosophora koreensis nakai root extract in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115940. [PMID: 36384207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Echinosophora koreensis Nakai is an endemic plant species distributed in a limited area within the Korean province of Gangwon, including the Yanggu-gun, Inje-gun, Cheorwon-gun, Chuncheon-si, and Hongcheon-gun counties. It is used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders, such as fever, skin diseases, diuresis, and neuralgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study demonstrated the effects of E. koreensis Nakai root extract (EKRE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was assessed through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess reagent. Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were assessed using Western blot analysis. To examine the effects of EKRE in vivo, it was administered orally at doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg for 3 days in mice. Edema in the paws was induced through λ-carrageenan injection and measured hourly for up to 5 h using calipers. RESULTS EKRE markedly suppressed LPS-generated NO, IL-6, and iNOS production in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it suppressed the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK in LPS-stimulated cells. Furthermore, EKRE significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced edema in mouse paws. There were no significant differences in IL-6 and TNF production in paw tissue harvested from mice, but levels decreased at high EKRE concentrations (200 mg/kg). CONCLUSION The results of this study provided validation for EKRE-induced inhibition of inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. This research suggested that EKRE is a promising treatment for inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Cho
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoibin Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Tak Shin
- Korea National Arboretum, Korea Forest Service, Pocheon, 11186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Lee
- Department of Forest Ecology, Yanggu County, Yanggu, 24522, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-analysis Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu XT, Sun DM, Yu WX, Lin WX, Liu LY, Zeng Y. A Novel Strategy for Screening Active Components in Cistanche tubulosa Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis and Network Pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:9030015. [PMID: 36760656 PMCID: PMC9904937 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight is a valuable herbal medicine in China. The study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of C. tubulosa on antioxidant activity using spectrum-effect relationship and network pharmacology and the possibilities of utilizing herbal dregs. In this work, different extracts of C. tubulosa, including herbal materials, water extracts, and herbal residues, were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology. In addition, the antioxidant activities were estimated in vitro, including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; superoxide anion; and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The spectrum-effect relationships between the HPLC fingerprints and the biological capabilities were analyzed via partial least squares regression, bivariate correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis. Furthermore, network pharmacology was used to predict potential mechanisms of C. tubulosa in the treatment of antioxidant-related diseases. According to the results, eleven common peaks were shared by different extracts. Geniposidic acid, echinacoside, verbascoside, tubuloside A, and isoacteoside were quantified and compared among different forms of C. tubulosa. The spectrum-effect relationship study indicated that peak A 6 might be the most decisive component among the three forms. Based on network pharmacology, there were 159 target genes shared by active components and antioxidant-related diseases. Targets related to antioxidant activity and relevant pathways were discussed. Our results provide a theoretical basis for recycling the herbal residues and the potential mechanisms of C. tubulosa in the treatment of antioxidant-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Mei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong E-Fong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Wen-Xin Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong E-Fong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Liao-Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong E-Fong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Zhang YM, Guo MN, Zhang H, Zhu XY, Xu C, Liu YJ. Matrine Attenuates Lung Injury by Modulating Macrophage Polarization and Suppressing Apoptosis. J Surg Res 2023; 281:264-274. [PMID: 36219938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent lung inflammation is a characteristic of sepsis-induced lung injury. Matrine, the active ingredient from Sophora flavescens, has exhibited anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effects of prophylactic administration of matrine on macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and tissue injury in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced murine lung injury model. METHODS Mice were randomly allocated into four groups: Sham, CLP, Sham + Matrine, and CLP + Matrine. Lung tissues were collected at 24 h post-CLP. Histopathology and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to evaluate lung injury and macrophage infiltration in the lung, respectively. Caspase-3 activities, TUNEL staining, and anti-apoptotic proteins were examined to assess apoptosis. To determine the mechanism of action of matrine, protein levels of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), p53 and the messenger RNA levels of p53-mediated proapoptotic genes were examined to elucidate the associated signaling pathways. RESULTS Histopathological evaluation showed that matrine prophylaxis attenuated sepsis-induced lung injury. Matrine prophylaxis attenuated sepsis-induced infiltration of the total population of macrophages in the lung. Matrine inhibited M1 macrophage infiltration, but increased M2 macrophage infiltration, thus resulting in a decrease in the proportion of M1 to M2 macrophages in septic lung. Sepsis-induced lung injury was associated with apoptotic cell death as evidenced by increases in caspase-3 activity, TUNEL-positive cells, and decreases in antiapoptotic proteins, all of which were reversed by matrine prophylaxis. Matrine restored sepsis-induced downregulation of SIRT1 and deacetylation of NF-κB p65 subunit and p53, thus inactivating NF-κB pathway and suppressing p53-induced proapoptotic pathway in septic lung. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrated that matrine exhibited pro-M2 macrophage polarization and antiapoptotic effects in sepsis-induced lung injury, which might be, at least partly, due to the modulation of SIRT1/NF-κB and SIRT1/p53 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Min Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Nan Guo
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dietary Supplementation of Sophora flavescens Root Extract Improved the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance against Edwardsiella tarda Challenge in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010069. [PMID: 36670931 PMCID: PMC9854624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of dietary supplementation with graded levels of Sophora flavescens root extract (SFE) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda challenge in Scophthalus maximus were investigated in this study. In all, 600 turbot (initial body weight: 8.38 ± 0.07 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks with 50 fish per tank and fed four experimental diets supplemented with 0, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.2% SFE (named as: SFE0, SFE0.05, SFE0.1, and SFE0.2, respectively), for 56 days. The results showed that 0.1% and 0.2% SFE supplementation have significantly increased the FBW, WGR, SGR, and PER of turbot, while decreased the FCR of turbot (p < 0.05). Dietary SFE supplementations have significantly increased the activities of plasma SOD, CAT, GPx, T-AOC, GST and LZM, decreased plasma MDA contents in turbot under normal or challenge condition (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, SFE addition dramatically enhanced the hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant parameters (including Nrf2, Keap1, SOD, CAT, Trx2, GST and GR) during the normal condition. mRNA levels of NF-κB p65, IκBα, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 in the liver of fish were notably up-regulated by SFE treatment during normal condition (p < 0.05), while the transcription of IL-1β was down-regulated by SFE whenever under normal or challenge condition. 0.1% and 0.2% SFE administration have significantly increased the survival rate of turbot against E. tarda challenge (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary SFE supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of turbot, and SFE could be a potential feed additive for turbot.
Collapse
|
12
|
Thang PNT, Tran VH, Vu TA, Vinh NN, Huynh DTM, Pham DT. Determination of Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Alkaloids Isolated from Sophora flavescens Ait. Grown in Dak Nong, Vietnam. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1384. [PMID: 36355556 PMCID: PMC9696406 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional/herbal medicine has gained increasing interests recently, especially in Asian countries such as Vietnam, due to its diverse therapeutic actions. In the treasure of Vietnamese medicinal plants, one of the potential herbs is the roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. (SF, "Kho sam" in Vietnamese). However, limited information has been reported on the Vietnamese SF compositions and their respective alkaloids' anti-acetylcholinesterase action. Thus, this study investigated the extractions, isolations, identifications, and in-vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, of the SF root extracts and their purified alkaloid compounds. To this end, four pure compounds were successfully isolated, purity-tested by HPLC, and structurally identified by spectroscopic techniques of FTIR, MS, and NMR. These compounds, confirmed to be oxysophocarpine, oxymatrine, matrine, and sophoridine, were then determined their therapeutic actions. The SF extracts and the compounds did not possess significant antioxidant activity using the DPPH and MDA assays, and cytotoxicity action using the MTT assay on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. On the other hand, the SF total extract yielded a moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect, with an IC50 of 0.1077 ± 0.0023 mg/mL. In summary, the SF extract demonstrated potential effects as an anti-acetylcholinesterase agent and could be further researched to become a pharmaceutical product for diseases related to acetylcholine deficiency, such as dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viet-Hung Tran
- Institute of Drug Quality Control Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Anh Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Vinh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi My Huynh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Anti-Itching and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kushenol F via the Inhibition of TSLP Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111347. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that results from eczema, itching, disrupted barrier function and aberrant cutaneous immune responses. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of kushenol F as an effective treatment for AD via the suppression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) production. The results of the present study demonstrated that the clinical symptoms of AD were less severe and there was reduced ear thickening and scratching behavior in kushenol F-treated Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mice. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that kushenol F decreased the DFE/DNCB-induced infiltration of eosinophil and mast cells and TSLP protein expression levels. Furthermore, kushenol F-treated mice exhibited significantly lower concentrations of serum histamine, IgE and IgG2a compared with the DFE/DNCB-induced control mice. Kushenol F also significantly decreased phosphorylated NF-κB and IKK levels and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cytokine combination-induced human keratinocytes. The results of the present study suggested that kushenol F may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD via reducing TSLP levels.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun P, Zhao W, Wang Q, Chen L, Sun K, Zhan Z, Wang J. Chemical diversity, biological activities and Traditional uses of and important Chinese herb Sophora. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154054. [PMID: 35358931 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sophora flavescens Aiton (SF), also known as Kushen (Chinese:), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. It is also recognized as a plant resource suitable for the globalization of Chinese medicine. Traditionally, it has been used in various ethnic medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, to kill insects and dispel dampness. Sophora flavescens is commonly used for clearing heat-clearing, killing worms, and diuretic. Nowdays, accumulating studies demonstrated its anticancer and cardioprotection. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW This paper aims to systematically review information on the genus, pharmacological and toxicological significance, chemical composition and biological activity of Sophora flavescens. To promoting its development and application. To summarize recent findings regarding to the metabolism, pharmacological/toxicological effects of Sophora flavescens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online academic databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI) were searched using search terms of "Sophora flavescens Aiton", "Ku shen", "Pharmacology", "Active ingredient", "Toxicology" and combinations to include published studies of Sophora flavescens Aiton primarily from 1970-2021. Several critical previous studies beyond this period were also included and other related terms. CONCLUSION Sophora flavescens has a broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies on the medicinal uses of Sophora flavescens. Moreover, further studies on single chemical components should be conducted based on the diversity of chemical structures, significant biological activities and clinical applications. The discovery of its bioactive molecules and multi-component interactions would be of great importance for the clinical application of Sophora flavescens spp. Detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies on the classic prescriptions of Sophora flavescens are also needed. It is more beneficial to the wide application of SF plant and facilitates the worldwide promotion of modern Chinese medicine. However, an increasing number of reports indicate that the administration of Sophora flavescens has serious adverse effects. Its main toxic effects are neurotoxicity and acute toxicity, which have caused widespread concern worldwide. In addition, the alkaloids of Sophora flavescens are distributed in the heart, liver, stomach and large intestine. They are excreted from the body through gluconeogenesis, which is the mode of action of certain therapeutic mechanisms of action such as anticancer. The detailed metabolic study of alkaloids and other components of Sophora flavescens in vivo needs to be further investigated. It is important to improve the pharmacological effects and reduce the toxicity of Sophora flavescens. For this purpose, structural modification of active components of Sophora flavescens or combination with other drugs is very essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lele Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Zhaoshuang Zhan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China;.
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China;.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang MC, Huang WC, Chen LC, Yeh KW, Lin CF, Liou CJ. Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens Ameliorates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Suppressing Th2 Response and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Asthma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116104. [PMID: 35682783 PMCID: PMC9181790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophoraflavanone G (SG), isolated from Sophora flavescens, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor bioactive properties. We previously showed that SG promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and leukemia cells and reduces the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. We investigated whether SG attenuates airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. We also assessed its effects on the anti-inflammatory response in human tracheal epithelial cells. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin, and asthmatic mice were treated with SG by intraperitoneal injection. We also exposed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to different concentrations of SG to evaluate its effects on inflammatory cytokine levels. SG treatment significantly reduced AHR, eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway inflammation in the lungs of asthmatic mice. In the lungs of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, SG significantly promoted superoxide dismutase and glutathione expression and attenuated malondialdehyde levels. SG also suppressed levels of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. In addition, we confirmed that SG decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and eotaxin expression in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that SG shows potential as an immunomodulator that can improve asthma symptoms by decreasing airway-inflammation-related oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5707) (C.-F.L.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5707) (C.-F.L.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang C, Li ZX, Wu Y, Huang ZY, Hu Y, Gao J. Treatment and bioresources utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal herb residues: Recent technological advances and industrial prospect. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113607. [PMID: 34467864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has wide application and important functions in curing many diseases, but a great number of herb residues are usually generated after its manufacture and usage. Without proper and timely treatment, these traditional Chinese medicinal herb (TCMH) residues will cause some environmental pollution. In addition to treatment, bioresources utilization of TCMH residues is also important for its great potential as a suitable feedstock for the production of energy, materials, and chemicals. In this situation, advanced and well-designed solid waste management is important to make the TCM industry environmentally friendly and economically attractive. In this review article, the recent progress focusing on various methods for TCMH residues treatment and bioresources utilization are introduced in detail. In particular, the technologies for thermochemical conversion and biochemical conversion of TCMH residues are mainly focused on in order to show how to fulfill effective and efficient bioresources utilization. Besides, some other technologies which are suitable for the treatment and bioresources utilization of TCMH residues are presented as well. Finally, some industrial prospects are given from the economic, operational, and environmental aspects for the further development of treatment and bioresources utilization of TCMH residues. Overall, this work can provide some systematical and comprehensive information for the development of technologies that help sustainably manage the herb residues generated in the TCM industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Xuan Li
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ying Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo J, Li J, Wei H, Liang Z. Maackiain Protects the Kidneys of Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB/Caspase-3 Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4339-4358. [PMID: 34703210 PMCID: PMC8525417 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s326975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is aglobal health burden that accounts for about 90% of all cases of diabetes. Injury to the kidneys is aserious complication of type 2 diabetes. Maackiain, apterocarpan extracted from roots of Sophora flavescens, has been traditionally used for various disease conditions. However, nothing is known about its possible potential effect on HFD/STZ-T2D-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS In this study, T2D rat model is created by high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks with injection of asingle dose of streptozotocin (35mg/kg body weight). T2D rats were orally administered with maackiain (10 and 20mg/kg body weight) for 7 weeks. RESULTS Maackiain suppressed T2D-induced alterations in metabolic parameters, lipid profile and kidney functionality markers. By administering 10 and 20mg/kg maackiain to T2D rats, it was able to reduce lipid peroxidation while improving antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, and GSH). Furthermore, the present study demonstrated the molecular mechanisms through which maackiain attenuated T2D-induced oxidative stress (mRNA: Nrf2, Nqo-1, Ho-1, Gclc and Gpx-1; protein: NRF2, NQO-1, HO-1 and NOX-4), inflammation (mRNA: Tlr, Myd88, IκBα, Mcp-1, Tgf-β, col4, Icam1, Vcam1 and E-selectin; Protein: TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, IκBα, MCP-1; levels: TNF-α and MCP-1) and apoptosis (mRNA: Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, Apaf-1, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3; protein: Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9) mediated renal injury. Additionally, significant improvement in kidney architecture was observed after treatment of diabetic rats with 10 or 20mg/kg maackiain. CONCLUSION Maackiain protects the kidney by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis to preserve normal renal function in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Pingdu district, Pingdu City, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhi Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Li X, Li J, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang F, Zhang W, Chang F. Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Effects of QingXiaoWuWei Decoction Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Experiments. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:678685. [PMID: 34335250 PMCID: PMC8320847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.678685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: QingXiaoWuWei Decoction (QXWWD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is commonly used in clinical settings to treat inflammatory and bacterial diseases. However, there is still a lot to learn about its molecular mechanism. A network pharmacology approach was applied to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of QXWWD in inflammation treatment. Methods: The basic mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potentials of QXWWD were identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The principal components of QXWWD were identified by the HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS method. The antibacterial bioactivity of QXWWD was further investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The anti-inflammatory activity of QXWWD was evaluated using mice ear swelling test, RAW264.7 cell culture, and pro-inflammatory cytokines measurement. Skin irritation and HE staining were employed to evaluate the safety of QXWWD topical use and to depict the drug’s potential therapeutic function. The hub genes and signaling pathways associated with inflammatory and bacterial diseases were validated by western blot in addition to biochemical and pathological markers. Results: Our findings revealed that the ethanolic extract of QXWWD had a strong inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Meanwhile, QXWWD was potentially effective in suppressing ear swelling, elevated white blood cell counts, and the TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 levels. According to skin irritation, QXWWD was found to be safe when tested for topical application. The results of HE staining showed that the possible therapeutic role of QXWWD was related to the change in skin microstructure. Also, the network pharmacology, molecular docking as well as Q-Exactive-MS and HPLC analysis suggested that the synergistic effect of quercetin, luteolin and other ingredients could serve as main contributor of QXWWD for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Moreover, the JUN, MAPK1, RELA, NFKBIA, MYC, and AKT1 were the potential identified key targets, and MAPK/PI3K/Akt was among the possibly involved signaling pathways in the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of QXWWD. Conclusions: From a therapeutic standpoint, QXWWD may be a promising antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of bacterial, acute, and chronic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fuhou Chang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kang X, Deng L, Quan T, Gao M, Zhang K, Xia Z, Gao D. Selective extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Aiton root using tailor-made deep eutectic solvents and magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
20
|
Gan DL, Yao Y, Su HW, Huang YY, Shi JF, Liu XB, Xiang MX. Volatile Oil of Platycladus Orientalis (L.) Franco Leaves Exerts Strong Anti-inflammatory Effects via Inhibiting the IκB/NF-κB Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:180-186. [PMID: 33582924 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco leaves (VOPF) and the underlying molecular mechanisms by using the non-infectious inflammation rat models and infectious inflammation mouse models. Ear swelling and intraperitoneal capillary permeability in mice, and carrageenan-induced toe swelling and cotton ball-induced granuloma in rats were used to reveal anti-inflammatory effects of VOPF. Moreover, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of acute lung injury was used to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of VOPF. The results showed that VOPF could significantly inhibit auricular swelling, intraperitoneal capillary permeability in mice, and reduce granuloma swelling and paw swelling in rats. Furthermore, it significantly alleviated the pathological damage of the lung tissue. In addition, VOPF could reduce the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α and increase the content of IL-10 in the serum. It had little effect on the expression of p65 but reduced the phosphorylation level of p65 and IκB in NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, VOPF has anti-inflammatory effects and the mechanisms involve the down-regulation of the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκB and blockage of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Li Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Han-Wen Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu-Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiong-Biao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianmen First People's Hospital, Tianmen, 431700, China.
| | - Mei-Xian Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tomasi P, Marincich L, Poli F. Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:495. [PMID: 33477709 PMCID: PMC7831927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement "greener" practices in the latter sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (P.T.); (L.M.); (F.P.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
An In Vitro Study for Evaluating Permeability and Metabolism of Kurarinone. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5267684. [PMID: 33005200 PMCID: PMC7509555 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5267684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kurarinone is a major component found in the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. that participates in vital pharmacological activities. Recombinant CYP450 supersomes and liver microsomes were used to study the metabolic profiles of kurarinone and its inhibitory actions against cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. 100 μM of kurarinone strongly inhibited more than 90% of UGT1A1, UGT1A6, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9. CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 played important roles in catalyzing the biotransformation of kurarinone. Moreover, metabolism of kurarinone considerably differs among species, and metabolic characteristics were similar between monkey and human. Kurarinone demonstrated moderate permeability at values of pH 4.0 and 7.4. Our findings offer a clearer idea to understand the pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of kurarinone.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kan LLY, Liu D, Chan BCL, Tsang MSM, Hou T, Leung PC, Lam CWK, Wong CK. The flavonoids of Sophora flavescens exerts anti-inflammatory activity via promoting autophagy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-stimulated macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1615-1629. [PMID: 32794339 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0720-682rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a highly infectious air-borne disease, has remained a global health problem. Conventional treatment and preventions such as antibiotics and Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can be unreliable. In view of the increasing prevalence of anti-TB drug resistance, adjunctive therapy may be necessary to shorten the recovery time. We have previously shown that flavonoids in the medicinal herb Sophora flavescens exhibit anti-inflammatory and bactericidal activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular characteristics of flavonoids of S. flavescens (FSF) in BCG-stimulated macrophages for assessing their roles in anti-inflammation and autophagy. Mouse alveolar macrophage (MH-S) cell line and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated BCG and treated with FSF, with or without autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1). Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative PCR, and cytokine/chemokine release was analyzed by Milliplex assay and ELISA. Autophagy-related proteins were quantified by Western blot and flow cytometry, and autophagolysosomes were detected using fluorescence microscopy. In both MH-S cell line and mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated by heat-inactivated BCG, FSF was found to up-regulate autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and protein 62 (p62), and suppress the induced proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, CCL5, and IL-6. FSF actively modulates immune processes through suppressing BCG-mediated inflammation by promoting autophagy in MH-S cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. We suggest that FSF may be useful as an adjunctive therapeutic agent for TB infection by modulating cell survival through autophagy and reducing inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ling-Yu Kan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu F, Li FC, Zhang YF, Shen SJ, Yang P, Yang XX, Shang MY, Liu GX, Li YL, Cai SQ. Discovery of the active compounds of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma by utilizing the relationship between the individual differences in blood drug concentration and the pharmacological effect in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112886. [PMID: 32325179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study addresses the rapid discovery of the active compounds (the original constituents and/or metabolites) of a traditional Chinese drug, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR). AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to develop a new method to find out the active compounds of traditional drugs in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS A method was established to discover and identify the potential active compounds in drug-containing plasma from rats that were orally administered SGR extract, utilizing the relationship between the individual differences in blood drug concentrations in the rats and the resulting differences in pharmacological effect, and the method was denoted as the RID-PE method. For this method, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) to identify the compounds (the original constituents and metabolites) and to determine the peak areas of the compounds in drug-containing plasma following SGR treatment. The anti-inflammatory effect of SGR was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced inflammatory rat model. According to the percent inhibition of paw edema in each model rat (14 rats total) orally administered SGR extract, the plasma samples from the rats were sorted and divided into 7 groups. Each group consisted of two plasma samples, and their percent inhibition of paw edema were similar to each other. We performed an LC-MSn analysis on 3 plasma groups, which showed large differences in the inhibition rates, with percent inhibitions of 92.7%, 72.4% and 38.4%. The correlation coefficients (r) between the peak area of each compound and the pharmacological effect (inhibition ratio) of SGR in the three groups were analyzed using SPSS software. When the correlation coefficients of the compounds are greater than 0.8 (0.8 < r ≤1), these compounds are strongly and positively correlated with anti-inflammatory activity, making them potential anti-inflammatory active compounds. RESULTS Fifty-eight potential anti-inflammatory compounds (0.8 < r ≤ 1) from SGR were discovered in model rat plasma using the RID-PE method, 47 of which were considered to be new potentially anti-inflammatory compounds. Among these compounds, four original constituents and 5 isomers of potential anti-inflammatory metabolites were validated to have significant anti-inflammatory effects, and they included astilbin, syringic acid, catechin, coumalic acid, resveratrol-3'-O-glucuronide (RG, isomer of M2 or M3), 3'-O-methyl-(+)-epicatechin-4'-O-glucuronide (CA-1, isomer of M16), 4'-O-methyl-(+)-epicatechin-3'-O-glucuronide (CA-2, isomer of M16), 4'-O-methyl-(+)-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide (CA-3, isomer of M16) and 3'-O-methyl-(+)-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide (CA-4, isomer of M16). In addition, four isomers (CA-1-CA-4) were reported to have anti-inflammatory effects for the first time, and CA-3 was a new compound. CONCLUSIONS The RID-PE method can be used to discover and identify the active constituents and metabolites of SGR systematically and in vivo. Furthermore, these findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and effective forms of SGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Feng-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Shu-Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Yao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huh JW, Lee JH, Jeon E, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Ahn KS, Jun HS, Ha UH. Maackiain, a compound derived from Sophora flavescens, increases IL-1β production by amplifying nigericin-mediated inflammasome activation. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1482-1491. [PMID: 32428336 PMCID: PMC7396426 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophora flavescens is used as a traditional herbal medicine to modulate inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the impact of (-)-maackiain, a compound derived from S. flavescens, on the activation of inflammasome/caspase-1, a key factor in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing. Here, we report that (-)-maackiain potently amplified caspase-1 cleavage in macrophages in response to nigericin (Nig). In macrophages primed with either lipopolysaccharide or monophosphoryl lipid A, Nig-mediated caspase-1 cleavage was also markedly promoted by (-)-maackiain. Notably, (-)-maackiain induced the production of vimentin, an essential mediator for the activation of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome, thereby contributing to promotion of the formation of the inflammasome complex to activate caspase-1. Taken together, our data suggest that (-)-maackiain exerts an immunostimulatory effect by promoting IL-1β production via activation of the inflammasome/caspase-1 pathway. Thus, the potent inflammasome-activating effect of (-)-maackiain may be clinically useful as an acute immune-stimulating agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Huh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Eekhyoung Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Jun
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen L, Shao J, Luo Y, Zhao L, Zhao K, Gao Y, Wang S, Liu Y. An integrated metabolism in vivo analysis and network pharmacology in UC rats reveal anti-ulcerative colitis effects from Sophora flavescens EtOAc extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113306. [PMID: 32371325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an immune system disease, is characterized by long duration and easy relapse. Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens), also named "Kushen", is a traditional Chinese medicine, widely used to treat UC in clinics. Alkaloids and flavonoids are the main constituents of S. flavescens. Previous studies indicated that the effects of S. flavescens against UC mainly attribute to its alkaloids. In view of the clinical applications of its flavonoids and our preliminary experiments on the effects of S. flavescens treatment, we speculated that flavonoids also could exert an anti-UC effect, but its efficacy and mechanism are still not yet to be revealed. Herein, we examined the pharmacodynamic effects of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of S. flavescens EtOAc (SFE) against dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC rats for the first time. Pharmacodynamic effects indicated that SFE could significantly alleviate the loss in the body weight and shortening of the colon length, reduce colon bleeding and improve colon tissue damage of UC rats. A total of 28 prototypes and 41 metabolites were unambiguously or tentatively detected in rat's plasma and urine. Among them, 28 prototypes and 3 phase I metabolites shared 40 UC targets, the targets contributed to 51 metabolic pathways in 5 modules. Additionally, genistein, formononetin, isokurarinone, kurarinone, maackiain, kushenol N, trifolirnizin, kuraridin and norkurarinone were suggested to be potential active compounds in SFE for treating UC by comprehensively investigating the results of network pharmacology analysis, metabolic analysis in vivo, and previous researches. Finally, a combination of metabolic analysis in vivo with network pharmacology can elucidate the material basis and pharmacodynamic effect of traditional Chinese medicines, and lay the foundation for further clarify the anti-UC mechanism of SFE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kairui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yanping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cho BO, Che DN, Kim JS, Kim JH, Shin JY, Kang HJ, Jang SI. In vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Stress Activities of Kushenol C Isolated from the Roots of Sophora flavescens. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081768. [PMID: 32290603 PMCID: PMC7221590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kushenol C (KC) is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the roots of Sophoraflavescens aiton. Little is known about its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of KC in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. The results demonstrated that KC dose-dependently suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators, including NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL1β, MCP-1, and IFN-β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The study demonstrated that the inhibition of STAT1, STAT6, and NF-κB activations by KC might have been responsible for the inhibition of NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL1β, MCP-1, and IFN-β in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. KC also upregulated the expression of HO-1 and its activities in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The upregulation of Nrf2 transcription activities by KC in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was demonstrated to be responsible for the upregulation of HO-1 expression and its activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In HaCaT cells, KC prevented DNA damage and cell death by upregulating the endogenous antioxidant defense system involving glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, which prevented reactive oxygen species production from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. The upregulated activation of Nrf2 and Akt in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by KC was demonstrated to be responsible for the anti-oxidative stress activity of KC in HaCaT cells. Collectively, the study suggests that KC can be further investigated as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Ok Cho
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Korea; (D.N.C.); (J.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.O.C.); (S.I.J.); Tel.: +82-63-221-8005 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-3124 (S.I.J.); Fax: +82-63-221-8035 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-2054 (S.I.J.)
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Korea; (D.N.C.); (J.-S.K.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Korea; (D.N.C.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jang Hoon Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea;
| | - Jae Young Shin
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Korea; (D.N.C.); (J.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.O.C.); (S.I.J.); Tel.: +82-63-221-8005 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-3124 (S.I.J.); Fax: +82-63-221-8035 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-2054 (S.I.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heat-Clearing Chinese Medicines in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:552-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
29
|
Junior OC, Lima NM, Silva MGA, Aguiar VB, Carli GP, Scherrer EC, Castro SBR, Alves CCS, Oliveira MAL, Carli AP. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and free radical scavenging potential of leaves extract from Anadenanthera colubrina. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4819-4823. [PMID: 32064928 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1727472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from Anadenanthera colubrina leaves ethanolic extract (EEAc) and its phytochemical profile. The chemical profile of EEAc was determined and in vitro free radical scavenging potential, cell viability in RAW 264.7 and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. The analysis of EEAc showed several phenolic compounds such as tannins and phenolic acids. The high antioxidant potential observed is possibly due to its high phenolic content. The EEAc (500 mg kg-1) showed an in vivo effect at the same level of dexamethasone; in vitro, at 50 μg mL-1, inhibited approximately 80% of nitric oxide production concentration, showed an inhibition of more than 50% of TNF-α production and presented high cell viability. The results show that A. colubrina leaves are an important source of phytochemicals that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Cardoso Junior
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| | - Nerilson M Lima
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Marcos G A Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| | - Virgilio B Aguiar
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Carli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Scherrer
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Sandra B R Castro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Caio C Souza Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| | - Marcone A L Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Alessandra P Carli
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang P, Sun Y, Cheng N. Liver metabolomic characterization of Sophora flavescens alcohol extract-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:670-676. [PMID: 31747812 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1687962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to observe the influence of Sophora flavescens alcohol extract (SFAE) on hepatic metabolic profiling in rats to explore the possible mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by S. flavescens.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 in each group) and administered with SFAE at different doses of 0, 1.25 and 2.5 g/kg for two weeks. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was utilized to detect the change in the metabolites in rat liver. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were adapted to perform multivariate statistical analysis between groups and to screen the potential biomarkers. Related metabolic pathway analysis was also conducted.Results indicated that hepatic metabolites in the three groups were separated on day 14, and 25 major differential metabolites were identified. Six bile acids, four carnitines, four lysophosphatidylcholines and glutathione were closely related to hepatotoxicity. Liver metabolomic results showed that rats orally exposed to SFAE exhibited a disturbance of the metabolism of bile acids, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids and amino acids.This study provided new insights into the possible mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by SFAE in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yancai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Nengneng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Eldahshan OA, Elshanawany MA, Efferth T, Singab ANB. The pharmacology of the genus Sophora (Fabaceae): An updated review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153070. [PMID: 31514082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) represents one of the important medicinal plant genera regarding its chemical constituents and outstanding pharmacological activities. PURPOSE In this review, we surveyed the latest findings on the bioactivities of different Sophora extracts and isolated phytochemicals during the past 8 years (2011-2019) updating the latest review article in 2011. The aim of this review is to focus on the molecular pharmacology of Sophora species to provide the rationale basis for the development of novel drugs. RESULTS Sophora and its bioactive compounds possess outstanding pharmacological properties, especially as anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs, in addition to its antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. CONCLUSION Based on their use in traditional medicine, Sophora species exert a plethora of cellular and molecular activities, which render them as attractive candidates for rationale drug development. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required for further integration of Sophora-based phototherapies into conventional medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang Z, Wang Y, Cheng J, Shan B, Wang Y, Wang R, Hou L. Solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of Sophoraflavanone G: Prescription optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
33
|
Kwon HK, Song MJ, Lee HJ, Park TS, Kim MI, Park HJ. Pediococcus pentosaceus-Fermented Cordyceps militaris Inhibits Inflammatory Reactions and Alleviates Contact Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113504. [PMID: 30405049 PMCID: PMC6274829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom used to treat immune-related diseases in East Asia. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of C. militaris grown on germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus ON89A isolated from onion (GRC-ON89A) in vivo as well as in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effect of GRC-ON89A was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the GRC-ON89A ethanol extract were significantly increased compared to that in GRC. GRC-ON89A hexane fraction (GRC-ON89A-Hex) inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) compared to that of the LPS-treated control without cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. GRC-ON89A-Hex decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, pre-treatment with GRC-ON89A-Hex significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. To induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was applied to the surface of the right ears of C57BL/6N mice. GRC-ON89A reduced the ear swelling and thickness in DNFB-induced ACD mice. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of GRC-ON89A as an anti-inflammatory dietary supplement or drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Song
- Department of, College of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Hye-Ji Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|