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Wu JW, Gao W, Shen LP, Chen YL, Du SQ, Du ZY, Zhao XD, Lu XJ. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. modulates neuronal apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage: Insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118223. [PMID: 38642624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae), commonly known as Chinese motherwort, is a herbaceous flowering plant that is native to Asia. It is widely acknowledged in traditional medicine for its diuretic, hypoglycemic, antiepileptic properties and neuroprotection. Currently, Leonurus japonicus (Leo) is included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recognizes Leo for its myriad pharmacological attributes, but its efficacy against ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis is unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of Leo in alleviating neuronal apoptosis after ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study employed network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique, molecular docking, pharmacodynamic studies, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques to explore its potential mechanisms. RESULTS Leo was found to assist hematoma absorption, thus improving the neurological outlook in an ICH mouse model. Importantly, molecular docking highlighted JAK as Leo's potential therapeutic target in ICH scenarios. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that Leo adjusts JAK1 and STAT1 phosphorylation, curbing Bax while augmenting Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION Leo showcases potential in mitigating neuronal apoptosis post-ICH, predominantly via the JAK/STAT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Yong-Lin Chen
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing Du
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Du
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
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Tran MN, Kim NS, Lee S. Biological network comparison identifies a novel synergistic mechanism of Ginseng Radix-Astragali Radix herb pair in cancer-related fatigue. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118447. [PMID: 38885914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix are commonly combined to tonify Qi and alleviate fatigue. Previous studies have employed biological networks to investigate the mechanisms of herb pairs in treating different diseases. However, these studies have only elucidated a single network for each herb pair, without emphasizing the superiority of the herb combination over individual herbs. AIM OF THE STUDY This study proposes an approach of comparing biological networks to highlight the synergistic effect of the pair in treating cancer-related fatigue (CRF). METHODS The compounds and targets of Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, and CRF diseases were collected and predicted using different databases. Subsequently, the overlapping targets between herbs and disease were imported into the STRING and DAVID tools to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and analyze enriched KEGG pathways. The biological networks of Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix were compared separately or together using the DyNet application. Molecular docking was used to verify the predicted results. Further, in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the synergistic pathways identified in in silico studies. RESULTS In the PPI network comparison, the combination created 89 new interactions and an increased average degree (11.260) when compared to single herbs (10.296 and 9.394). The new interactions concentrated on HRAS, STAT3, JUN, and IL6. The topological analysis identified 20 core targets of the combination, including three Ginseng Radix-specific targets, three Astragali Radix-specific targets, and 14 shared targets. In KEGG enrichment analysis, the combination regulated additional signaling pathways (152) more than Ginseng Radix (146) and Astragali Radix (134) alone. The targets of the herb pair synergistically regulated cancer pathways, specifically hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. In vitro experiments including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot demonstrated that two herbs combination could up-regulate HIF-1α signaling pathway at different combined concentrations compared to either single herb alone. CONCLUSION The herb pair increased protein interactions and adjusted metabolic pathways more than single herbs. This study provides insights into the combination of Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nhat Tran
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam.
| | - No Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Xu Q, Yu Z, Zhang M, Feng T, Song F, Tang H, Wang S, Li H. Danshen-Shanzha formula for the treatment of atherosclerosis: ethnopharmacological relevance, preparation methods, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetic properties, and pharmacological effects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380977. [PMID: 38910885 PMCID: PMC11190183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Danshen-Shanzha Formula (DSF) is a well-known herbal combination comprising Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza (known as Danshen in Chinese) and Fructus Crataegi (known as Shanzha in Chinese), It has been documented to exhibit considerable benefits for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and was used extensively in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases over decades. Despite several breakthroughs achieved in the basic research and clinical applications of DSF over the past decades, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing its features and research, which hinders further exploration and exploitation of this promising formula. This review aims to provide a comprehensive interpretation of DSF in terms of its ethnopharmacological relevance, preparation methods, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacological effects. The related information on Danshen, Shanzha, and DSF was obtained from internationally recognized online scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, Online Library, Wan Fang Database as well as Flora of China. Data were also gathered from documentations, printed works and classics, such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese herbal classics, etc. Three essential avenues for future studies were put forward as follows: a) Develop and unify the standard preparation method of DSF as to achieve optimized pharmacological properties. b) Elucidate the functional mechanisms as well as the rationality and rule for the compatibility art of DSF by focusing on the clinic syndromes together with the subsequent development of preclinic study system in vitro and in vivo with consistent pathological features, pharmacokinetical behaviour and biomarkers. c) Perform more extensive clinical studies towards the advancement of mechanism-based on evidence-based medicine on the safety application of DSF. This review will provide substantial data support and broader perspective for further research on the renowned formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Liu T, Zhuang XX, Tang YY, Gao YC, Gao JR. Mechanistic insights into Qiteng Xiaozhuo Granules' regulation of autophagy for chronic glomerulonephritis treatment: Serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117819. [PMID: 38286158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qiteng Xiaozhuo Granules (QTXZG), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is widely acknowledged for its therapeutic efficacy and lack of discernible toxicity in clinical practice, substantiating its potential in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Nevertheless, the specific effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of QTXZG remain insufficiently explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of the QTXZG in the treatment of CGN via targeting autophagy based on serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and experimental validation. METHODS Serum samples from SD rats orally administered QTXZG were analyzed using UPLC-QE/MS to identify contained compounds. Network and functional enrichment analyses elucidated QTXZG's targets and biological mechanisms. Reliability was ensured through molecular docking, in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS After oral administration of QTXZG, 39 enriched compounds in serum samples collected 1 h later were identified as potential active agents, with 508 potential targets recognized as QTXZG-specific targets. Through integration of various databases, intersection analysis of QTXZG targets, CGN-related genes, and autophagy-related targets identified 10 core autophagy-related targets for QTXZG in CGN. GO and KEGG analyses emphasized their roles in autophagy, inflammation, and immune processes, particularly emphasizing the enrichment of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Molecular docking results demonstrated strong binding affinities between QTXZG's key compounds and the predicted core targets. In animal experiments, QTXZG was found to ameliorate renal tissue damage in CGN model mice, significantly reducing serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Importantly, both animal and cell experiments revealed QTXZG's ability to decrease excessive ROS and inflammatory factor release in mesangial cells. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed QTXZG's capacity to upregulate Beclin1 and LC3II/I expression, decrease p62 expression, and induce CGN autophagy through modulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that QTXZG can induce autophagy in CGN by affecting the AMPK/mTOR pathway, and induction of autophagy may be one of the possible mechanisms of QTXZG's anti-CGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China.
| | - Xing Xing Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, 238000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yong Yan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China.
| | - Ya Chen Gao
- Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Jia Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
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Li B, Jiao P, Tang C. Deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with magnetic bead ligand fishing for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Pueraria lobata. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300672. [PMID: 38135874 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction combined with a magnetic bead ligand affinity analytical method was developed and used for α-glucosidase inhibitor identification from Pueraria lobata. Several critical parameters affecting the analysis performance, including the type of DES, molar ratio, water amount, pH, salt concentration, and volume of DES, were investigated. The selected analytical sample preparation conditions were as follows. The composition of DES is choline chloride-1,4-butanediol (1:3), the water content is 40%, pH is 7.0 and the volume of extraction solution is 2 mL. The obtained sample extraction solution was analyzed directly using α-glucosidase immobilized magnetic beads (GMBs). Three α-glucosidase inhibitors in Pueraria lobata, including puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein, were identified. Luteolin was used as a positive control to evaluate the method's selectivity. Results showed it could selectively bond to the GMBs in the DES. As the affinity analysis was performed directly in a DES, the solution-removing process could be avoided. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method are 5.21% and 6.38%, respectively. The solvent amount was 1/50-1/2000 of that used in traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Pan Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Cheng Y, Sun D, Zou L, Li S, Tang L, Yu X, Tang B, Wu Y, Fang H. Elucidation of the mechanisms and molecular targets of KeChuanLiuWei-Mixture for treatment of severe asthma based on network pharmacology. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1034-1049. [PMID: 37574823 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
KeChuanLiuWei-Mixture (KCLW) is widely used as a Chinese medicine prescription to treat severe asthma. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of KCLW remains unclear. In this study, a network pharmacology method was used to identify the chemical constituents of KCLW by the TCMSP database and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential expression identification, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis were used to screen key targets of KCLW for severe asthma. Our results confirmed that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and wogonin are the most critical active ingredients in KCLW. Moreover, the 16 relevant severe asthma-related targets of KCLW were obtained by overlapping the PPI networks of the KCLW putative targets and severe asthma-related genes, among which the most important targets were IL-6, NOS2, VEGFA, CXCL2, and PLAT. Functionally, the 16-targets and their interacting differentially expressed genes were primarily related to biological functions and pathways related to immunity and inflammation, such as inflammatory response, T cell differentiation, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. KCLW inhibited inflammation in PDGF-BB-induced airway smooth muscle cells. In summary, this study demonstrates the active substance and potential therapeutic mechanism of KCLW in severe asthma, and offers a clinical direction for KCLW against severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Cheng
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Teaching and Practising Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binqing Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingen Wu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu C, Xu F, Zuo Z, Wang Y. Network pharmacology and fingerprint for the integrated analysis of mechanism, identification and prediction in Panax notoginseng. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:772-787. [PMID: 36479744 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow, is a well-known herb with multitudinous efficacy. In this study, a series of overall analyses on the action mechanism, component content, origin identification, and content prediction of P. notoginseng are conducted. OBJECTIVES The purpose was to analyse the mechanism of pharmacological efficacy, differences between contents and groups of P. notoginseng from different origins, and to identify the origin and predict the content. MATERIALS AND METHODS The P. notoginseng samples from four different origins were used for analysis by the database, network pharmacology (Q-marker) and fingerprint analysis [high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and near-infrared (NIR)] combined with data fusion strategy (low- and feature-level). RESULTS Four saponins were identified as Q-markers, and exerted pharmacological effects on signalling pathways through 24 core targets. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of HPLC showed that there were differences among groups and different origins. Therefore, considering the need to treat diseases, combined with network database and network pharmacology, the suitable producing areas were determined through the mechanism of action and the required saponin content. The low-level data fusion successfully identified the origin and predicted the content of P. notoginseng from different origins. The accuracy rate of each evaluation index of the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was 1, and the t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) visualisation results were good. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) of the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model ranged from 0.9235-0.9996, and the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) range is 0.301-1.519. CONCLUSION This study was designed to provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the quality control of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Liu
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Yang L, Jin L. Research progress in the quality evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza based on the association of 'morphological features - functional substances - pharmacological action - clinical efficacy'. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20325. [PMID: 37780757 PMCID: PMC10539976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) is the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., a plant of the labiate family. It is a type of traditional Chinese medicine that can promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis. It is often used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a clinic.Aim of the study: High-quality Chinese herbal medicines are the premise of the safe and effective use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in clinics. We aim to prove the rationality of the traditional identification method, namely, 'the redder the root colour and the thicker the root, the better is the quality', to use the morphological features of Salvia miltiorrhiza as the main index to quickly and directly evaluate its quality. Materials and methods By referring to relevant ancient books, domestic and foreign literature, and academic papers, we summarised the research progress regarding the morphological features, functional substances, pharmacological action, and clinical efficacy of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results The redder the colour, the thicker the root, and the denser the texture, the better is the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In Salvia miltiorrhiza, tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B are the main functional substances that protect the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions. The higher the content of these two functional substances, the better is the clinical efficacy of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Conclusion The research idea of the correlation between the 'morphological features, functional substances, pharmacological action, and clinical efficacy' can be applied to evaluate the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This research idea and method can also be applied to more Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-constructed By Gansu Province & MOE of PR China, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Engineering Research Center for Evaluation, Protection, And Utilization of Rare Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Provincial Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials Industry, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Jing Y, Yan M, Liu D, Tao C, Hu B, Sun S, Zheng Y, Wu L. Research progress on the structural characterization, biological activity and product application of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125408. [PMID: 37343606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Crataegus pinnatifida is a plant of the Crataegus genus in the Rosaceae family and is commonly used as a food and medicinal resource. Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide, as one of the main active ingredients of Crataegus pinnatifida, has a variety of beneficial biological activities, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic activity, lipid-lowering, intestinal flora regulation, promotion immune regulation, and antitumor activities. However, the extraction methods of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharides lack innovation, the primary structure is relatively limited, and the biological activity mechanism needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status of the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activity, and product application of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharides. The purpose of this study is to generate support for further development and application of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Meng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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Li JM, Huang AX, Yang L, Li P, Gao W. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method-based pharmacokinetic study of fifteen active ingredients of Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule in rats and its potential mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1220:123663. [PMID: 36906956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YDXNT) is a commonly used Chinese herbal preparation for the clinical treatment of coronary disease. However, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic studies on YDXNT, and its active ingredients and their mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still unclear. In this study, 15 absorbed ingredients in rat plasma after oral administration of YDXNT were quickly identified based on liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS), and then a sensitive and accurate quantitative method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ MS) was established and validated for simultaneous determination of the 15 ingredients of YDXNT in rat plasma, which was then applied to the pharmacokinetic study. Different types of compounds showed various pharmacokinetic characteristics, for instance, ginkgolides with higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), flavonoids presenting concentration-time curve with double peaks, phenolic acids with shorter time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), saponins with long elimination half-life (t1/2) and tanshinones showing fluctuant plasma concentration. Then the measured analytes were regarded as effective compounds and their potential targets and mechanism of action were predicted by constructing and analyzing the compound-target network of YDXNT and CVD. Those potential active compounds of YDXNT interacted with targets such as MAPK1 and MAPK8, and molecular docking showed that the binding free energies of 12 ingredients with MAPK1 were less than -5.0 kcal/mol, indicating that YDXNT intervened in the MAPK signaling pathway to display its therapeutic effect on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - An-Xian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Liu J, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Qin X, Guo L, Liu W. Exploring the mechanism of physcion-1-O-β-D-monoglucoside against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14009. [PMID: 36923879 PMCID: PMC10008983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of PG against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) by network pharmacology and experimental verification in vitro. Methods First, the biological activity of PG against B-ALL was determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Then, the potential targets of PG were obtained from the PharmMapper database. ALL-related genes were collected from the GeneCards, OMIM and PharmGkb databases. The two datasets were intersected to obtain the target genes of PG in ALL. Then, protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. The key targets were obtained by topological analysis of the network with Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. In addition, the mechanism of PG in ALL was confirmed by protein‒protein interaction, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out by AutoDock Vina. Finally, Western blotting was performed to confirm the effect of PG on NALM6 cells. Results PG inhibited the proliferation of NALM6 cells. A total of 174 antileukaemic targets of PG were obtained by network pharmacology. The key targets included AKT1, MAPK14, EGFR, ESR1, LCK, PTPN11, RHOA, IGF1, MDM2, HSP90AA1, HRAS, SRC and JAK2. Enrichment analysis found that PG had antileukaemic effects by regulating key targets such as MAPK signalling, and PG had good binding activity with MAPK14 protein (-8.9 kcal/mol). PG could upregulate the expression of the target protein p-P38, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote the apoptosis of leukaemia cells. Conclusion MAPK14 was confirmed to be one of the key targets and pathways of PG by network pharmacology and molecular experiments.
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Key Words
- AKT1, Protein Kinase B α
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- B-ALL, B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- CDK2, Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
- Cleaved PARP, Cleaved Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- Experimental validation
- GO, Gene Ontology
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MAPK14
- MAPK14, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- Network pharmacology
- OMIM, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
- PG, Physcion-1-O-β-D-monoglucoside
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- Physcion-1-O-β-D-monoglucoside
- RIPA, Radio-Immunoprecipitation Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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GC–MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Ayurvedic Fermented Medicine, Chandanasava, Against Chronic Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2803-2828. [PMID: 36418713 PMCID: PMC9684947 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chandanasava is an Ayurvedic polyherbal fermented traditional medicine (FTM) used by traditional practitioners for millennia. Nevertheless, the mode of action and functional targets are still unknown. The current study includes a pharmacological network analysis to identify the Chandanasava compounds interacting with target proteins involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sixty-one Chandanasava phytochemicals were obtained by GC-MS and screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). The disease target genes were obtained from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Forty-five phytocompounds and 135 potential targets were screened for CKD and CVD target proteins and protein interaction networks were constructed. The pharmacological network was deciphered employing target proteins involved in the mechanical action of Chandanasava. The results indicated that 10 bioactive compounds exhibited higher binding affinity patterns with the screened 42 CKD and CVD target proteins. Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis revealed target pathways involved in CKD and CVD, which were further explored by detailed analysis and network-coupled drug profile screening. The molecular docking results showed piperine and melatonin as effective inhibitors/regulators of the hub genes of CKD and CVD. The current study establishing authentic bioactive compounds in FTM is based on deeper insights into recognized Ayurvedic medicines. Representing the workflow of the network pharmacological analysis.
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Li C, Chi C, Li W, Li Z, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang L, Lu J, Liu R. An integrated approach for identifying the efficacy and potential mechanisms of TCM against atherosclerosis-Wu-Zhu-Yu decoction as a case study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115436. [PMID: 35667584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic disease that is associated with high morbidity. However, therapeutic approaches are limited. Wu-Zhu-Yu decoction (WZYD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription that is traditionally used to treat headaches and vomiting. Modern studies have demonstrated the cardiotonic effects of WZYD. However, whether WZYD can alleviate AS and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the antiatherosclerotic efficacy of WZYD and illustrate its potential mechanisms using an integrated approach combining in vivo and in vitro assessments, including metabolomics, network pharmacology, cell experiments, and molecular docking analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, an atherosclerotic mouse model was established by administering a high-fat diet to apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice for twelve weeks. Meanwhile, the mice were intragastrically administered WZYD at different dosages. Efficacy evaluation was performed through biochemical and histopathological assessments. The potential active constituents, metabolites, and targets of WZYD in atherosclerosis were predicted by metabolomics combined with network pharmacology analysis, the constituents and targets were further assessed through cell experiments and molecular docking analysis. RESULTS WZYD decreased the lipid levels in serum, reduced the areas of aortic lesions, and attenuated intimal thickening, which had antiatherosclerotic effects in ApoE-/- mice. Metabolomics and network pharmacology approach revealed that the ten constituents (6-shogaol, evodiamine, isorhamnetin, quercetin, beta-carotene, 8-gingerol, kaempferol, 6-paradol, 10-gingerol, and 6-gingerol) of WZYD affected 24 metabolites by acting on the candidate targets, thus resulting in changes in five metabolic pathways (sphingolipid metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism; tryptophan metabolism; and fatty acid biosynthesis pathway). Cell experiments indicated that the ten key compounds showed antiproliferative effects on the vascular smooth muscle cell. Moreover, the key compounds exhibited direct interactions with the key targets, as assessed by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION This study revealed that WZYD exerted therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis, and the potential mechanisms were elucidated. Furthermore, it offered a powerful integrated strategy for studying the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and exploring its active components and possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Chenglin Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Zongchao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Xinlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Minjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
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Zhang SY, Sun XL, Yang XL, Shi PL, Xu LC, Guo QM. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn): a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1507-1545. [PMID: 36179124 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crataegus pinnatifida (C. pinnatifida), including C. pinnatifida Bge. and its variant C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N, E. Br., has traditionally been used as a homologous plant for traditional medicine and food in ethnic medical systems in China. Crataegus pinnatifida, especially its fruit, has been used for more than 2000 years to treat indigestion, stagnation of meat, hyperlipidemia, blood stasis, heart tingling, sores, etc. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of C. pinnatifida. KEY FINDINGS This plant contains flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, organic acids, saccharides and essential oils. Experimental studies showed that it has hypolipidemic, antimyocardial, anti-ischemia, antithrombotic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic neuroprotective activity, etc. Importantly, it has good effects in treating diseases of the digestive system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. SUMMARY There is convincing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the traditional uses of C. pinnatifida. However, multitarget network pharmacology and molecular docking technology should be used to study the interaction between the active ingredients and targets of C. pinnatifida. Furthermore, exploring the synergy of C. pinnatifida with other Chinese medicines to provide new understanding of complex diseases may be a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Liang Yang
- School of Classics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Liang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Mei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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ZHANG YJ, BAI M, LI JY, QIN SY, LIU YY, HUANG XX, ZHENG J, SONG SJ. Diverse sesquiterpenoids from Litsea lancilimba Merr. with potential neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:701-711. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu K, Han L, Zhao Y, Xiao Q, Zhang Z, Lin X. Deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of epimedium on osteoporosis through system bioinformatic approach. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29844. [PMID: 35960074 PMCID: PMC9371495 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epimedium has gained widespread clinical application in Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the functions of promoting bone reproduction, regulating cell cycle and inhibiting osteoclastic activity. However, its precise cellular pharmacological therapeutic mechanism on osteoporosis (OP) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of epimedium in the treatment of OP based on system bioinformatic approach. Predicted targets of epimedium were collected from TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM and ETCM databases. Differentially expressed mRNAs of OP patients were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database by performing Limma package of R software. Epimedium-OP common targets were obtained by Venn diagram package for further analysis. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were carried out by using clusterProfiler package. Molecular docking analysis was conducted by AutoDock 4.2 software to validate the binding affinity between epimedium and top 3 proteins based on the result of protein-protein interaction. A total of 241 unique identified epimedium targets were screened from databases, of which 62 overlapped with the targets of OP and were considered potential therapeutic targets. The results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were positive regulation of cell cycle, cellular response to oxidative stress and positive regulation of cell cycle process as well as cellular senescence, FoxO, PI3K-Akt, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that epimedium have a good binding activity with key targets. Our study demonstrated the multitarget and multi-pathway characteristics of epimedium on OP, which elucidates the potential mechanisms of epimedium against OP and provides theoretical basis for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliang Wu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linjing Han
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinghua Xiao
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaosheng Lin, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, 3rd Shajin Road, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518104, China (e-mail: )
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A Network Pharmacology Study to Explore the Underlying Mechanism of Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3242015. [PMID: 35607519 PMCID: PMC9124127 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3242015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Safflower has long been used to treat coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The goal of this study was to predict the therapeutic effect of safflower against CHD using a network pharmacology and to explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms. Firstly, we obtained relative compounds of safflower based on the TCMSP database. The TCMSP and PubChem databases were used to predict targets of these active compounds. Then, we built CHD-related targets by the DisGeNET database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network graph of overlapping genes was obtained after supplying the common targets of safflower and CHD into the STRING database. The PPI network was then used to determine the top ten most significant hub genes. Furthermore, the DAVID database was utilized for the enrichment analysis on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). To validate these results, a cell model of CHD was established in EAhy926 cells using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Safflower was determined to have 189 active compounds. The TCMSP and PubChem databases were used to predict 573 targets of these active compounds. The DisGeNET database was used to identify 1576 genes involved in the progression of CHD. The top ten hub genes were ALB, IL6, IL1B, VEGFA, STAT3, MMP9, TLR4, CCL2, CXCL8, and IL10. GO functional enrichment analysis yielded 92 entries for biological process (BP), 47 entries for cellular component (CC), 31 entries for molecular function (MF), and 20 signaling pathways, which were obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment screening. Based on these findings, the FoxO signaling pathway is critical in the treatment of CHD by safflower. The in vitro results showed that safflower had an ameliorating effect on ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. The western blot results showed that safflower decreased Bax expression and acetylation of FoxO1 proteins while increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and SIRT1 proteins. Safflower can be used in multiple pathways during CHD treatment and can exert anti-apoptotic effects by regulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway-related proteins.
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Explore the Mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:4745042. [PMID: 35422858 PMCID: PMC9005278 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4745042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae] (AMB), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used to treat liver diseases in the clinic. However, the efficacy and mechanism of AMB in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the active components and mechanisms of AMB against NAFLD based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. Methods First, the bioactive components and relevant targets of AMB were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and NAFLD-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. Then, the AMB-NAFLD protein target interaction network was built by the STRING database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database. The component targets were visualized using Cytoscape software. Finally, molecular docking and experiments were used to verify the results of network pharmacological prediction. Results Network pharmacology predicted that quercetin may be the main active component in AMB, and the TNF and MAPK signaling pathways may be the key targets of AMB against NAFLD. Molecular docking validation results demonstrated that quercetin, as the main active component of AMB, had the highest binding affinity with TNF. Furthermore, quercetin played a distinct role in alleviating NAFLD through in vitro experiments. Quercetin upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and inhibited the expression of p-MAPK and TNF-α. In addition, we further discovered that quercetin could increase ACC phosphorylation and CPT1α expression in PA-induced HepG2 cells. Conclusions Our results indicated that quercetin, as the main active component in AMB, exerts an anti-NAFLD effect by regulating the AMPK/MAPK/TNF-α and AMPK/ACC/CPT1α signaling pathways to inhibit inflammation and alleviate lipid accumulation.
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Correlation Analysis of Huayu Tongmai Decoction Intervention and Prognosis Indexes of Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:2739092. [PMID: 35256887 PMCID: PMC8898143 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2739092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a common disease which seriously threatens the health of senile patients. The studies have indicated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may effectively improve the symptom of CAS, while the therapeutic effect of Huayu Tongmai decoction on CAS remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine Huayu Tongmai decoction intervention and prognosis indexes of patients with CAS. Methods Ninety CAS patients admitted to Zibo TCM-Integrated Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research object and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the male-female ratio of 1 : 1. Patients in the control group accepted the atorvastatin intervention, and on this basis, patients in the observation group were further intervened with TCM Huayu Tongmai decoction. Before and after treatment, patients' levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by the enzyme photometric colorimetry; hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured by the ELISA method; nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by the nitrate reductase assay and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay; and the right and left carotid internal diameter (CAD), intima-media thickness (IMT), and plaque volume were measured by carotid ultrasonography. Results The TC, TG, and LDL-C levels significantly decreased in patients compared to those before intervention; compared with the control group, patients who accepted Huayu Tongmai decoction combined with atorvastatin saw more significant improvement in their blood lipid indexes (P < 0.01); after intervention, patients' hs-CRP and ET-1 levels dropped significantly while the NO level rose remarkably, and between the two groups, the improvement in levels of hs-CRP, ET-1, and NO of patients in the observation group was significantly better (P < 0.01); it was concluded from the imaging diagnosis results that compared with using atorvastatin alone, the combined intervention could better improve patients' CAD, IMT, and plaque volume. Conclusion Huayu Tongmai decoction can effectively improve patients' blood lipid, reduce inflammatory response, enhance levels of relevant regulatory factors of CAS, and alleviate the symptoms.
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Guo Y, Zhang BY, Peng YF, Chang LC, Li ZQ, Zhang XX, Zhang DJ. Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata on the Alleviation of Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051706. [PMID: 35268807 PMCID: PMC8911915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytropis falcata Bunge is a plant used in traditional Tibetan medicine, with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidants effects and alleviation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the underlying mechanism against MIRI and the phytochemical composition of O. falcata are vague. One fraction named OFF1 with anti-MIRI activity was obtained from O. falcata, and the chemical constituents were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS). The potential targets and signaling pathways involved in the action of O. falcata against MIRI were predicted by network pharmacology analysis, and its molecular mechanism on MIRI was determined by in vitro assays. The results revealed that flavonoids are the dominant constituents of OFF1. A total of 92 flavonoids reported in O. falcata targeted 213 potential MIRI-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and the NF-κB signaling pathway. The in vitro assay on H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury confirmed that the flavonoids in OFF1 reduced myocardial marker levels, apoptotic rate, and the inflammatory response triggered by oxidative stress. Moreover, OFF1 attenuated MIRI by downregulating the ROS-mediated JNK/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of O. falcata in alleviating MIRI, being a potential therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (Y.G.); (Z.-Q.L.)
| | - Ben-Yin Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Yan-Feng Peng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Leng Chee Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i, Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Zhan-Qiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (Y.G.); (Z.-Q.L.)
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xining 710061, China;
| | - De-Jun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (Y.G.); (Z.-Q.L.)
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0971-5310586
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Exploration of hanshi zufei prescription for treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:294-302. [PMID: 35382000 PMCID: PMC8969322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Network pharmacology combines drug and disease targets with biological information networks based on the integrity and systematicness of the interactions between drugs and disease targets. This study aims to explore the molecular basis of Hanshi Zufei formula for treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Methods Using TCMSP, the chemical constituents and molecular targets of Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Pogostemonis Herba, Tsaoko Fructus, Ephedrae Herba, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and Arecae Semen were investigated. The predicted targets of novel coronavirus were screened using the NCBI and GeneCards databases. To further screen the drug-disease core targets network, the corresponding target proteins were queried using multiple databases (Biogrid, DIP, and HPRD), a protein interaction network graph was constructed, and the network topology was analyzed. The molecular docking studies were also performed between the network’s top 15 compounds and the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) 3CL hydrolytic enzyme and angiotensin conversion enzyme II (ACE2). Results The herb-active ingredient-target network contained nine drugs, 86 compounds, and 49 drug-disease targets. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis resulted in 1566 GO items (P < 0.05), among which 1438 were biological process items, 35 were cell composition items, and 93 were molecular function items. Fourteen signal pathways were obtained by enrichment screening of the KEGG pathway database (P < 0.05). The molecular docking results showed that the affinity of the core active compounds with the SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase was better than for the other compounds. Conclusion Several core compounds can regulate multiple signaling pathways by binding with 3CL hydrolase and ACE2, which might contribute to the treatment of COVID-19.
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Biosynthesis-based spatial metabolome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by combining metabolomics approaches with mass spectrometry-imaging. Talanta 2022; 238:123045. [PMID: 34801902 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Defining the spatial distributions of metabolites and their structures are the two key aspects for interpreting the complexities of biosynthesis pathways in plants. As a means of obtaining information on the spatial distribution of metabolites, a strategy is needed that has high sensitivity and allows visualization. Toward this goal, we carried an untargeted metabolomics to obtain detailed metabolic information on different plant parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the roots of which are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Systematic optimization of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) including parameter selection and sample preparation were carried out to improve the sensitivity of the method for plant samples. Guided by the metabolomics data, the spatial distributions of diverse metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, tanshinones, carbohydrates, and lipids, were characterized and visualized for both the underground and aerial parts. To integrate the information pertaining to the spatial distribution of metabolites, the flavonoids and phenolic acids (phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway) were chosen as examples for in-depth study the biosynthesis pathways in S. miltiorrhiza. The complementary data obtained from the metabolomics study and mass spectrometry imaging enabled the identification of key reactions involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers, which lead the changes in metabolite distribution. The analysis also identified the core precursor for phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia species. Therefore, the powerful combination of metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging provides a basis for obtaining detailed information on spatial metabolome and constitutes a platform for deep understanding the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites in plants.
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Bi SJ, Huang YX, Feng LM, Yue SJ, Chen YY, Fu RJ, Xu DQ, Tang YP. Network pharmacology-based study on immunomodulatory mechanism of danggui-yimucao herb pair for the treatment of RU486-induced abortion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114609. [PMID: 34508802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Danggui-Yimucao herb pair (DY) is a classic combination in Chinese herbal formulas, consisting of the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. DY first appeared in "Zhulinsi fuke mifang" in the Jin Dynasty, and it has a long history as a drug for the treatment of abortion. However, its underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms involved are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, network pharmacology and pharmacological experiments were used to explore the role and mechanism of DY in the treatment of medical abortion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was used to establish the relationship between the components of DY and abortion-related targets, and to enrich important pathways and biological process for verification. ELISA was used to assess progesterone levels. Flow cytometry was used to detect the degree of differentiation of Th1/Th2 cells. Immunohistochemical methods and qPCR were used to measure the expression levels of T-bet, GATA-3 and IL-4. RESULTS Through the prediction analysis of network pharmacology, we found that key pathway for DY treatment of abortion, such as anemia, pelvic infection, immune disorders, and coagulation disorders, was Th1/Th2 cell differentiation pathway. The pharmacological results revealed that DY greatly corrected the imbalance of Th cell subsets in abortion mice, significantly inhibited the differentiation of Th2 cells, and resulted in an increase in the Th1/Th2 ratio. In addition, the concentration of progesterone in the serum of mice after abortion was significantly reduced. We also found that DY upregulated spleen T-bet and downregulated IL-4 gene expression in mice. Besides, immunohistochemical results showed that DYE could up-regulate T-bet but inhibit GATA-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that after RU486-induced abortion, progesterone and Th1/Th2 paradigm were disordered in mice, but DY could make mice recover more quickly, which indicated that DY had great development value in immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Mei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Pei H, Wu S, Zheng L, Wang H, Zhang X. Identification of the active compounds and their mechanisms of medicinal and edible Shanzha based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14020. [PMID: 34825377 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shanzha (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge), an edible traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has an effect on dyspepsia. However, the investigations of the pharmacological effects have not been carried out. This study aimed to identify the potential targets and pharmacological mechanisms of Shanzha in the treatment of dyspepsia by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Five active compounds and 13 key targets were obtained by a set of bioinformatics assays. Vitexin 7-glucoside, suchilactone, and 20-hexadecanoylingenol were the main compounds acting on dyspepsia. The key targets were prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (MTOR), heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (HSP90AA1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), MAPK3, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 (MDM2), receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2), caspase-3 (CASP3), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), estrogen receptor (ESR1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), which played the vital roles in TNF, prostate cancer, thyroid hormone, hepatitis B and estrogen signaling pathway. The molecular mechanisms of Shanzha regulating dyspepsia were mainly related to reduction of inflammatory response, controlling cell proliferation and survival, increasing intestinal moisture, and promoting intestinal motility. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Shanzha has been used as an edible TCM to improve digestion for a long time. However, the ingredients and mechanisms of Shanzha in the treatment of dyspepsia are not clear. In this research, network pharmacological analysis integrated with molecular docking was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism. The results suggested that the core targets alleviated dyspepsia by reducing the intestinal inflammatory response, increasing intestinal movement, controlling cell physiological activities, and reducing constipation. In summary, this study demonstrated the multiple compounds, targets, and pathways characteristics of Shanzha in the treatment of dyspepsia, which may provide guidance and foundations for further application of edible medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Pei
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaokang Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Effects of Compound Danshen Injection Combined with Magnesium Sulfate on Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Syndrome under the Guidance of Empirical Mode Decomposition Algorithm-Based Ultrasound Image. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9026223. [PMID: 34733460 PMCID: PMC8560243 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9026223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study focused on the separation effects of ultrasound blood flow signal detection, based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm, and the clinical efficacy of Compound Danshen injection and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) syndrome. Methods The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm was optimized first and compared with other algorithms for the accuracy and stability in separation of blood flow signals. 80 patients with PIH syndrome undergoing ultrasound examination were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the actual treatment methods. 40 cases in the observation group were treated with Compound Danshen injection + magnesium sulfate, and 40 cases in the control group were treated with magnesium sulfate. After the treatment, the clinical indicators of the two groups of patients were analyzed. Results The accuracy and stability in separating blood flow signal of the optimized EMD algorithm were better than those of other algorithms. After treatment, the total effective rate and blood pressure control of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group, and the incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes was significantly lower than that of the control group. After treatment, the endothelin-1 (ET-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) indexes of the two groups of patients decreased significantly, and the decrease level of the observation group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and plasma thrombin time (TT) levels of the two groups after treatment were better than those before treatment, and the observation group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The optimized EMD algorithm is of great value for the separation of ultrasound blood flow signals. For patients with PIH syndrome, Compound Danshen injection combined with magnesium sulfate can be used as a treatment plan, which can improve maternal and infant outcomes; control blood pressure; reduce 24 h urine protein and serum ET-1, Hcy, and CRP levels; and improve coagulation function. It is worthy of promotion.
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Chakraborty R, Roy S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from plants: A review of their diversity, modes of action, prospects, and concerns in the management of diabetes-centric complications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:478-492. [PMID: 34642085 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications often used in the treatment of diabetes-related complications. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are known to cause serious side effects like hypotension, renal insufficiency, and hyperkalaemia. Therefore, there has been an intensifying search for natural ACE inhibitors. Many plants or plant-based extracts are known to possess ACE-inhibitory activity. In this review, articles focusing on the natural ACE inhibitors extracted from plants were retrieved from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We have found more than 50 plant species with ACE-inhibitory activity. Among them, Angelica keiskei, Momordica charantia, Muntingia calabura, Prunus domestica, and Peperomia pellucida were the most potent, showing comparatively lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among the bioactive metabolites, peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro, Met-Arg-Trp, and Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids ([-]-epicatechin, astilbin, and eupatorin), terpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and alkaloids (berberine and harmaline) isolated from several plant and fungus species were found to possess significant ACE-inhibitory activity. These were also known to possess promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the minimal side effects and lower toxicity of herbal compounds, development of antihypertensive drugs from these plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications is an important endeavour. This review, therefore, focuses on the ACE inhibitors extracted from different plant sources, their possible mechanisms of action, present status, and any safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Government College, Matigara 734010, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur 734011, West Bengal, India.
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Exploring the mechanism of Jianpi Qushi Huayu Formula in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis based on network pharmacology. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2451-2470. [PMID: 34618179 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was to explore the effective components, potential targets, and pathways of Jianpi Qushi Huayu Formula (JQHF) for the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritics (CGN). First, the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), GeneCards, and OMIM databases were used to collect the major active components of JQHF and potential therapeutic targets of CGN. Then, functional enrichment analysis was performed to clarify the mechanisms of the JQHF on CGN. Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated to assess the binding ability of key targets and major active components. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed for experimental verification of cells in vitro. A total of 55 active ingredients contained and 220 putative identified targets were screened from JQHF, of which 112 overlapped with the targets of CGN and were considered potential therapeutic targets. Then, we found quercetin and kaempferol are two key ingredients of JQHF, which may act on the top 10 screened targets of PPI, affecting CGN through related signal transduction pathways. Subsequently, molecular docking predicted that quercetin and kaempferol bind firm with the top 10 core targets of PPI. Further experiment verified some results and showed that JQHF has protected glomerular mesangial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting expressions of IL6, TNF-α, and AKT1, and activating expressions of VEGFA. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of JQHF in treating CGN, and found that JQHF could act on IL6, TNF-α, VEGFA, and AKT1 to exert the effect of anti-CGN, which provided new ideas and methods for further research on the mechanism of JQHF in treating CGN.
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Long H, Qiu X, Cao L, Han R. Discovery of the signal pathways and major bioactive compounds responsible for the anti-hypoxia effect of Chinese cordyceps. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114215. [PMID: 34033902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypoxia will cause an increase in the rate of fatigue and aging. Chinese cordyceps, a parasitic Thitarodes insect-Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus complex in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has long been used to ameliorate human conditions associated with aging and senescence, it is principally applied to treat fatigue, night sweating and other symptoms related to aging, and it may play the anti-aging and anti-fatigue effect by improving the body's hypoxia tolerance. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the anti-hypoxia activity of Chinese cordyceps and explore the main corresponding signal pathways and bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, cell and whole pharmacodynamic experiments were hired to study the major signal pathways and the bioactive compounds of Chinese cordyceps for anti-hypoxia activity. RESULTS 17 pathways which Chinese cordyceps acted on seemed to be related to the anti-hypoxia effect, and "VEGF signal pathway" was one of the most important pathway. Chinese cordyceps improved the survival rate and regulated the targets related VEGF signal pathway of H9C2 cells under hypoxia, and also had significant anti-hypoxia effects to mice. Chorioallantoic membrane model experiment showed that Chinese cordyceps and the main constituents of (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and cerevisterol had significant angiogenic activity in hypoxia condition. CONCLUSION Based on the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, cell and whole pharmacodynamic experiments, promoting angiogenesis by regulating VEGF signal pathway might be one of the mechanisms of anti-hypoxia effect of Chinese cordyceps, (9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and cerevisterol were considered as the major anti-hypoxia bioactive compounds in Chinese cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Xuehong Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Liang GC, Duan WG, Chen SY, Fang JK. Analysis of the Composition and Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Mechanism of Qintengtongbi Decoction Based on Network Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211041421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Qintengtongbi Decoction (QTTBD) is a traditional prescription for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment in Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, southern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. However, there is not yet any analysis on its active compounds or action mechanism for treating RA. Moreover, the prescription has not been investigated from the perspective of network pharmacology. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the compounds QTTBD and their potential pharmacological effects and the mechanism by which they treat RA via an integrated network pharmacology approach. With the aid of the relevant database tools and research indices, 188 compounds and 272 related drug targets genes/proteins were collected from QTTBD through the compound-target network, and 175 common gene targets between the QTTBD and RA were obtained by Venn 2.1. Finally, the top 10 gene targets and pathways were identified through the protein–protein interaction network, gene ontology, and KEGG pathway analysis: the gene targets include AKT1, IL6, TP53, VEGFA, MAPK3, TNF, CASP3, JUN, EGF, and EGFR; the pathways include oxytocin signaling pathway, amphetamine addiction, graft-versus-host disease, ovarian steroidogenesis, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, allograft rejection, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels. Therefore, it is concluded that a network pharmacology-based approach can help reveal and clarify the anti-RA role of QTTBD, and provide a scientific basis for further research into the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Cheng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wen-Gui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shu-Yin Chen
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Kang Fang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Wang K, Lei L, Cao J, Qiao Y, Liang R, Duan J, Feng Z, Ding Y, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang E. Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active compounds and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1050. [PMID: 34434264 PMCID: PMC8353622 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is used to promote blood circulation and is widely used in Chinese clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of ischemic cerebral vascular diseases. However, the mechanism and active compounds of BYHWD used to treat ischemic stroke are not well understood. The current study aimed to identify the potential active components of BYHWD and explore its mechanism using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses. The compounds of BYHWD were obtained from public databases. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were screened using the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) criteria. Components of BYHWD, alongside the candidate targets of each component and the known therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke were collected. A network of target gene compounds and cerebral ischemia compounds was established using network pharmacology data sources. The enrichment of key targets and pathways was analyzed using STRING and DAVID databases. Moreover, three of key targets [IL6, VEGFA and hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α)] were verified using western blot analysis. Network analysis determined 102 compounds in seven herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening. A total of 42 compounds as well as 79 genes formed the principal pathways associated with ischemic stroke. The 16 key compounds identified were baicalein, beta-carotene, baicalin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, isorhamnetin, bifendate, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside IV, stigmasterol, sitosterol, Z-ligustilide, and dihydrocapsaicin. The core genes in this network were IL6, TNF, VEGFA, HIF-1α, MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, STAT3, IL1B and IL10. Furthermore, the TNF, IL17, apoptosis, PI3K-Akt, toll-like receptor, MAPK, NF-κB and HIF-1 signaling pathways were identified to be associated with ischemic stroke. Compared with the control group (no treatment), BYHWD significantly inhibited the expression of IL6 and increase the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA. Network pharmacology analyses can help to reveal close interactions between multi-components and multi-targets and enhance understanding of the potential effects of BYHWD on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Enhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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Tong YP, Shen XF, Li C, Zhou Q, Jiang CX, Li N, Xie ZD, Zhu ZP, Wang JX. Unveiling Potential Active Constituents and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Pudilanxiaoyan Oral Liquid for Anti-Coronavirus Pneumonia Using Network Pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), defined as a worldwide pandemic, has been a public health emergency of international concern. Pudilanxiaoyan oral liquid (PDL), an effective drug of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is considered to be an effective and alternative means for clinical prevention of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to identify potential active constituents of PDL, and explore its underlying anti-COVID-19 mechanism using network pharmacology. Integration of target prediction (SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH database) was used to elucidate the active components of PDL. Protein–protein interaction network analyses, gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, network construction, and molecular docking were applied to analyze the prospective mechanisms of the predicted target genes. Our results showed that the key active ingredients in PDL were luteolin, apigenin, esculetin, chrysin, baicalein, oroxylin A, baicalin, wogonin, cymaroside, and gallic acid. A majority of the predicted targets were mainly involved in the pathways related to viral infection, lung injury, and inflammatory responses. An in vitro study further inferred that inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-кB signaling pathway was a key mechanism by which PDL exerted anti-COVID-19 effects. This study not only provides chemical basis and pharmacology of PDL but also the rationale for strategies to exploring future TCM for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Peng Tong
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Characteristic Preparations for Paediatrics, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Da Xie
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ping Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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You G, Feng T, Zhang H, Sun L, Mou J, Wang M, Ren X. Comparative study on the stability/intestinal absorption kinetics of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside derived from Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its herb pairs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1966441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjiao You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Mou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Vahdat-Lasemi F, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Tasbandi A, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Targeting interleukin-β by plant-derived natural products: Implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5596-5622. [PMID: 34390063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the main contributing factor to atheroma formation in atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory mediator found in endothelial cells and resident leukocytes. Canakinumab is a selective monoclonal antibody against IL-1β which attenuates inflammation and concurrently precipitates fatal infections and sepsis. Natural products derived from medicinal plants, herbal remedy and functional foods are widely used nowadays. Experimental and clinical trial evidence supports that some natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin have potential effects on IL-1β suppression. In this review, we tried to document findings that used medicinal plants and plant-based natural products for treating atherosclerosis and its related diseases through the suppression of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahdat-Lasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Fu J, Wu H, Wu H, Deng R, Sun M. Deciphering the metabolic profile and pharmacological mechanisms of Achyranthes bidentata blume saponins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with network pharmacology-based investigation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114067. [PMID: 33771642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used as a dietary supplement and anti-arthritis drug. Pharmacological studies have shown that Achyranthes bidentata Blume saponins (ABS) are the main bioactive ingredient. However, the metabolic profile and mechanisms of action of ABS against rheumatic arthritis (RA) remain to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY Our main objective was to investigate the metabolic profile and pharmacological activities of ABS against RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) coupled with a metabolism platform was developed for metabolic profiling of ABS in rat liver microsomes and plasma. Then, the in vivo metabolites of ABS and their targets associated with RA were used to construct the network pharmacological analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment, KEGG signaling pathway analyses and pathway network analyses were performed. The therapeutic effect of ABS on RA was further evaluated using an adjuvant arthritis (AA) model and network pharmacology results validated via Western blot. RESULTS Overall, 26 and 21 metabolites of ABS were tentatively characterized in rat liver microsomes and plasma, respectively. The metabolic pathways of ABS mainly included M+O, M+O-H2, M+O2, and M+O2-H2. Data form network pharmacology analysis suggested that MAPK, apoptosis, PI3K-AKT and p53 signaling pathways contribute significantly to the therapeutic effects of ABS on RA. In pharmacodynamics experiments, ABS ameliorated the symptoms in AA rats in a dose-dependent manner and restored the homeostasis of pro/anti-inflammatory factors. Western blot results further demonstrated a significant ABS-induced decrease in phosphorylation of ERK in the MAPK pathway (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Application of an analytical method based on UPLC-QTOF/MS, network pharmacology and validation experiments offers novel insights into the components and mechanisms of ABS that contribute to its therapeutic effects against RA, providing useful directions for further research.
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MESH Headings
- Achyranthes
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/blood
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytokines/blood
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Foot Joints/drug effects
- Foot Joints/pathology
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Metabolome/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Pharmacology/methods
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Saponins/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Ran Deng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
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Exploring the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in diabetic nephropathy using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227939. [PMID: 33634308 PMCID: PMC8209169 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) were examined using a systematic network pharmacology approach and molecular docking. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to screen active ingredients of SM. Targets were obtained using the SwissTargetPrediction and TCMSP databases. Proteins related to DN were retrieved from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using common SM/DN targets in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database. The Metascape platform was used for Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis, and the Cytoscape plug-in ClueGO was used for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was performed using iGEMDOCK and AutoDock Vina software. Pymol and LigPlos were used for network mapping. Sixty-six active ingredients and 189 targets of SM were found. Sixty-four targets overlapped with DN-related proteins. The PPI network revealed that AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), VEGFA, interleukin 6 (IL6), TNF, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), and JUN were the ten most relevant targets. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the common targets of DN and SM were mainly involved in advanced glycation end-products, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and immune regulation. Molecular docking revealed that potential DN-related targets, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), NOS2, and AKT1, more stably bound with salvianolic acid B than with tanshinone IIA. In conclusion, the present study revealed the active components and potential molecular therapeutic mechanisms of SM in DN and provides a reference for the wide application of SM in clinically managing DN.
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Li S, Wang Y, Li C, Yang N, Yu H, Zhou W, Chen S, Yang S, Li Y. Study on Hepatotoxicity of Rhubarb Based on Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1883-1902. [PMID: 33976539 PMCID: PMC8106470 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s301417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Rhubarb, as a traditional Chinese medicine, is the preferred drug for the treatment of stagnation and constipation in clinical practice. It has been reported that rhubarb possesses hepatotoxicity, but its mechanism in vivo is still unclear. Methods In this study, the chemical components in rhubarb were identified based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with data postprocessing technology. The metabolic biomarkers obtained through metabolomics technology were related to rhubarb-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, the potential targets of rhubarb-induced hepatotoxicity were obtained by network pharmacology involving the above components and metabolites. Meanwhile, GO gene enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed on the common targets. Results Twenty-eight components in rhubarb were identified based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and 242 targets related to rhubarb ingredients were predicted. Nine metabolic biomarkers obtained through metabolomics technology were closely related to rhubarb-induced hepatotoxicity, and 282 targets of metabolites were predicted. Among them, the levels of 4 metabolites, namely dynorphin B (10–13), cervonoyl ethanolamide, lysoPE (18:2), and 3-hydroxyphenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, significantly increased, while the levels of 5 metabolites, namely dopamine, biopterin, choline, coenzyme Q9 and P1, P4-bis (5ʹ-uridyl) tetraphosphate significantly decreased. In addition, 166 potential targets of rhubarb-induced hepatotoxicity were obtained by network pharmacology. The KEGG pathway analysis was performed on the common targets to obtain 46 associated signaling pathways. Conclusion These data suggested that rhubarb may cause liver toxicity due to its action on dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1), dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), vanilloid receptor (TRPV1); transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), prostanoid EP2 receptor (PTGER2), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3) through the cAMP signaling pathway, cholinergic synapses, and inflammatory mediators to regulate TRP channels. Metabolomics technology and network pharmacology were integrated to explore rhubarb hepatotoxicity to promote the reasonable clinical application of rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanze Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Deng Y, Ye X, Chen Y, Ren H, Xia L, Liu Y, Liu M, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang K, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Chemical Characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum and its Mechanism in Lung Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:609825. [PMID: 33643040 PMCID: PMC7906976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The technology, network pharmacology and molecular docking technology of the ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) were used to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) in the treatment of lung cancer (LC). Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the ingredients of PG and the potential LC targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, and the Analysis Platform (TCMSP), GeneCards and other databases. The interaction network of the drug-disease targets was constructed with the additional use of STRING 11.0. The pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) in Metascape, and then the “Drug-Ingredients-Targets-Pathways-Disease” (D-I-T-P-D) network was constructed using Cytoscape v3.7.1. Finally, the Discovery Studio 2016 (DS) software was used to evaluate the molecular docking. Results: Forty-seven compounds in PG, including triterpenoid saponins, steroidal saponins and flavonoids, were identified and nine main bioactive components including platycodin D were screened. According to the method of data mining, 545 potential drug targets and 2,664 disease-related targets were collected. The results of topological analysis revealed 20 core targets including caspase 3 (CASP3) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) suggesting that the potential signaling pathway potentially involved in the treatment of LC included MAPK signaling pathway and P13K-AKT signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking proved that the bound of the ingredients with potential key targets was excellent. Conclusion: The results in this study provided a novel insight in the exploration of the mechanism of action of PG against LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianwen Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Patient Service Center, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lanting Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Minmin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Huangang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kairui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinlian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
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Zhang Y, Li S, Liang Y, Liu R, Lv X, Zhang Q, Xu H, Bi K, Li Z, Li Q. A systematic strategy for uncovering quality marker of Asari Radix et Rhizoma on alleviating inflammation based chemometrics analysis of components. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:461960. [PMID: 33684872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Asarum), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been applied in clinical generally. However, due to the lack of valid methods for Asarum quality control, inhomogenous quality and therapy issues have become severe with each passing day. In this study, we aimed to establish a comprehensive multi-system to explore the quality control markers underlying pharmaceutical effects based on chemometrics analysis on the total ingredients of Asarum. In brief, DNA barcoding technology was used to screen out the unadulterated herbs in the 15 batches Asarum collected from different origins. Then, the chemical profiles of volatile/nonvolatile components of 10 batches Asarum with definite resource were obtained by HPLC Q-TOF/MS and GC/MS. Combination with chemometrics methods, 14 characteristic ingredients and 4 qualitative and quantitative markers were figured out preliminarily. Moreover, correlation analysis between the characteristic ingredients and the cytokines integrating the virtual targets prediction of network pharmacology, 3 potential bioactive substance were ascertained. In conclusion, l-asarinin, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol and safrole were considered as the potent candidates for quality control markers based on the comprehensive understanding for therapeutic effects and the chemical information of Asarum, which provided a novel perspective of the development for the quality control of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Saiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyan Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zuojing Li
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Li WH, Guo BF, Peng QL, Yao WY, Gong DH, Ding WJ. Assessment of the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of Gastrodia elata (tian-ma) and Radix aconitic lateralis preparata (fu-zi) via network pharmacology and untargeted metabolomics analyses. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:380-390. [PMID: 33523580 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gastrodia elata and Radix aconiti lateralis preparrata are respectively named as Tian-Ma and Fu-Zi (TF) in Chinese. We explored the active components against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from an extensively used couplet of Chinese herbs, Gastrodia elata and Radix aconiti lateralis preparata (TF) via untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacological approaches. METHODS Water extracts of TF were mixed at ratios 1:1, 3:2 and 2:3 (w/w). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was then utilized as metabolomics screening. Human Metabolome (http://www.hmdb.ca/) and Lipidmaps (http://www.lipidmaps.org/) databases were used to annotate detected compounds. Further identification of vital genes and important pathways associated with the anti-RA properties of the TF preparations was done via network pharmacology, and verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Four key compounds involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were identified through metabolomics analyses. Three key components of TF associated with anti-RA activity were linoleic acid, daidzein, and daidzin. Results of RT-qPCR revealed that all 3 tested TF couplets (1:1, 3:2, and 2:3) markedly suppressed the transcription of PTGS2. These results were consistent with our network pharmacological predictions. CONCLUSIONS The anti-RA properties of Tian-Ma and Fu-Zi are associated with the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Bijie Medical College, Bijie, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Li
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bu-Fa Guo
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Bijie Medical College, Bijie, China
| | - Qi-Lun Peng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Bijie Medical College, Bijie, China
| | - Wei-Yi Yao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Di-Hong Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gao L, Zhong L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zeng Y, Li L, Zang H. Water as a probe to understand the traditional Chinese medicine extraction process with near infrared spectroscopy: A case of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge) extraction process. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 244:118854. [PMID: 32920500 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extraction process is not only a critical manufacturing unit but also the initial process of various extracts and preparations. Taking the most extensive Chinese herbal medicine Danshen (Salvia miltziorrhiza Bge) as an example, salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is its main active pharmaceutical ingredient but lacks accurate characterization of the extraction process. As one of process analytical technologies, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has been widely applied for monitoring pharmaceutical extraction process. In most past studies, water spectral information is often eliminated due to its high absorption. However, this study proposed a method of using water spectrum to understand the whole extraction process and to quickly determine the content of Sal B. Principal component analysis (PCA) was first utilized to investigate the whole extraction process, then the reconstructed spectrum based on PCA was established and analyzed by Aquaphotomics, and finally the partial least squares regression (PLSR) quantitative model of Sal B was established. PCA and Aquaphotomics results showed the whole extraction process could be considered as a dynamic change from structure breaker to structure maker, and the dominance of highly H-bonded water structures increases with the extraction time. Also, the Sal B quantitative model with water spectrum showed higher accuracy and stability than other methods, which parameters (RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP, R2c, R2cv, R2p, RPD) were 0.2408 mg/mL, 0.2939 mg/mL, 0.2584 mg/mL, 0.9536, 0.9300, 0.9494, 4.6298, respectively, and the paired t-test showed that Sal B content measured by NIR and HPLC methods had no significant differences (p > 0.05). In conclusion, all result indicated that water can be used as a probe to understand the traditional Chinese medicine extraction process with NIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yingzi Zeng
- Shandong Wohua Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd,Weifang 261205, China
| | - Lian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Hengchang Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Li R, Zhou Y, Liu W, Li Y, Qin Y, Yu L, Chen Y, Xu Y. Rare earth element lanthanum protects against atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet via down-regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111195. [PMID: 32891972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements, which are extensively used in environmental protection, medicine, food, aerospace and other fields, have attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, the effect on atherosclerosis and its biological mechanism remains unclear. To elucidate these problems, here we performed a study that Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed with high-fat diet to promote the development of atherosclerosis, meanwhile, mice were received 0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3) for 12 weeks. The results showed that La(NO3)3 prominently inhibited aorta morphological alternations by histopathological examination. Meanwhile, La(NO3)3 regulated serum lipids, including reducing total cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoprotein. Moreover, the oxidative stress was alleviated by La(NO3)3 intervention through enhancing superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed La(NO3)3 could ameliorate the dysfunction of vascular endothelium with declined endothelin-1 and increased prostacyclin. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that La(NO3)3 significantly down-regulated inflammation-mediated proteins including phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-p38 MAPK), monocyte chemo-attractant protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, whereas up-regulated the inhibitor of NF-κB protein. In conclusion, La(NO3)3 ameliorates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory response in mice. The potential mechanism associates with the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yalin Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lanlan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Feng Y, He M, Ma B, Yang S, Li J, Wen Z, Ouyang H, Zhang W. Therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of curcumol on atherosclerosis: A study based on network pharmacology approach and biological studies. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_336_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang T, Lin S, Li H, Liu R, Liu Z, Xu H, Li Q, Bi K. A stepwise integrated multi-system to screen quality markers of Chinese classic prescription Qingzao Jiufei decoction on the treatment of acute lung injury by combining 'network pharmacology-metabolomics-PK/PD modeling'. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153313. [PMID: 32866904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have investigated the therapeutic mechanism of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction (QZJFD), a Chinese classic prescription, on acute lung injury (ALI), however, which remained to be further clarified together with the underlying efficacy related compounds for quality markers (Q-markers). HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To explore Q-markers of QZJFD on ALI by integrating a stepwise multi-system with 'network pharmacology-metabolomics- pharmacokinetic (PK)/ pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling'. METHODS First, based on in vitro and in vivo component analysis, a network pharmacology strategy was developed to identify active components and potential action mechanism of QZJFD on ALI. Next, studies of poly-pharmacology and non-targeted metabolomics were used to elaborate efficacy and verify network pharmacology results. Then, a comparative PK study on active components in network pharmacology was developed to profile their dynamic laws in vivo under ALI, suggesting Q-marker candidates. Next, quantified analytes with marked PK variations after modeling were fitted with characteristic endogenous metabolites along drug concentration-efficacy-time curve in a PK-PD modeling to verify and select primary effective compounds. Finally, Q-markers were further chosen based on representativeness among analytes through validity analysis of PK quantitation of primary effective compounds. RESULTS In virtue of 121 and 33 compounds identified in vitro and in vivo, respectively, 33 absorbed prototype compounds were selected to construct a ternary network of '20 components-47 targets-113 pathways' related to anti-ALI of QZJFD. Predicted mechanism (leukocytes infiltration, cytokines, endogenous metabolism) were successively verified by poly-pharmacology and metabolomics. Next, 18 measurable components were retained from 20 analytes by PK comparison under ALI. Then, 15 primary effective compounds from 18 PK markers were further selected by PK-PD analysis. Finally, 9 representative Q-markers from 15 primary effective compounds attributed to principal (chlorogenic acid), ministerial (methylophiopogonanone A, methylophiopogonanone B), adjuvant (sesamin, ursolic acid, amygdalin), conductant drugs (liquiritin apioside, liquiritigenin and isoliquiritin) in QZJFD, were recognized by substitutability and relevance of plasmatic concentration at various time points. CONCLUSION 9 Q-markers for QZJFD on ALI were identified by a stepwise integration strategy, moreover, which was a powerful tool for screening Q-makers involved with the therapeutic action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription and promoting the process of TCM modernization and scientification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Song Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Li J, Luo H, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhou W, Guo S, Chen X, Liu Y, Jia S, Wang H, Li B, Cheng G, Wu J. Dissecting the mechanism of Yuzhi Zhixue granule on ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Chin Med 2020; 15:113. [PMID: 33110441 PMCID: PMC7584092 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yuzhi Zhixue Granule (YZG) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine for treating excessive menstrual flow caused by ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding (ODUB) accompanied by heat syndrome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, potential targets, and active ingredients of this prescription are still unknown. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the molecular mechanism of YZG. Methods The active compounds in YZG were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The putative targets of YZG were collected via TCMSP and Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals (STITCH) databases. The Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) and Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) databases were used to identify the therapeutic targets of ODUB. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network containing both the putative targets of YZG and known therapeutic targets of ODUB was built. Furthermore, bioinformatics resources from the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) were utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Finally, molecular docking was performed to verify the binding effect between the YZG screened compounds and potential therapeutic target molecules. Results The study employed a network pharmacology method, mainly containing target prediction, network construction, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking to systematically research the mechanisms of YZG in treating ODUB. The putative targets of YZG that treat ODUB mainly involved PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, CASP3, LTA4H, F7 and F10. The functional enrichment analysis suggested that the produced therapeutic effect of YZG against ODUB is mediated by synergistical regulation of several biological pathways, including apoptosis arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, serotonergic synapse, complement and coagulation cascades and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways. Molecular docking simulation revealed good binding affinity of the seven putative targets with the corresponding compounds. Conclusion This novel and scientific network pharmacology-based study holistically elucidated the basic pharmacological effects and the underlying mechanisms of YZG in the treatment of ODUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Bingbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 276000 China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 276000 China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102 China
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Wang C, Lv X, Liu W, Liu S, Sun Z. Uncovering the pharmacological mechanism of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.) for treating menstrual disorders: A systems pharmacology approach. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107384. [PMID: 33017723 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leonurus japonicus (motherwort) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat menstrual disorders (MDs). However, the pharmacological mechanisms that underlie its clinical application remain unclear. In this study, a network pharmacology-based approach was used that integrated drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction, target exploration, network construction, bioinformatic annotation and molecular docking to investigate the mechanisms that underlie motherwort treatment for MDs. In total, 29 bioactive compounds were collected from 51 compounds in motherwort, which shared 17 common MDs-related targets. Network analysis indicated that motherwort played a therapeutic role in MDs treatment through multiple components that acted on multiple targets. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the putative targets of motherwort were primarily involved in various pathways associated with the endocrine system, cancers, vascular system, and anti-inflammation process. Notably, five targets (i.e., AKT1, PTGS2, ESR1, AR and PPARG) were screened as hub genes based on a degree algorithm. Moreover, most of the bioactive components in motherwort had good binding ability with these genes, implying that motherwort could regulate their biological function. Collectively, this study elucidated the molecular mechanisms that underlay the efficiency of motherwort against MDs and demonstrated the potential of network pharmacology as an approach to uncover the action mechanism of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Instituent of Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Song Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staff Ordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Zongxi Sun
- Instituent of Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
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Zhang Q, Li R, Peng W, Zhang M, Liu J, Wei S, Wang J, Wu C, Gao Y, Pu X. Identification of the Active Constituents and Significant Pathways of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu Decoction for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Based on Molecular Docking and Network Pharmacology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 22:584-598. [PMID: 31642770 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666191022101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the active compounds and significant pathways of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD) for treating diabetes mellitus using molecular docking combined with network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of GSZD and diabetes-related target proteins were collected from various databases. Then, compounds were filtered by Lipinski's and Veber's rules with Discovery studio software. The "Libdock" module was used to carry out molecular docking, and LibDockScores, default cutoff values for hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions were recorded. LibDockScore of the target protein and its prototype ligand was considered as the threshold, and compounds with higher LibDockScores than the threshold were regarded as the active constituents of GSZD. Cytoscape software was used to construct the herb-active molecule-target interaction network of GSZD. ClueGO and CluePedia were applied to enrich the analysis of the biological functions and pathways of GSZD. RESULTS A total of 275 potential active compounds with 57 possible pathways in GSZD were identified by molecular docking combined with network pharmacology. TEN, INSR, PRKAA2, and GSK3B are the four most important target proteins. Gancaonin E, 3'-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)-kievitone, aurantiamide, curcumin and 14-O-cinnamoylneoline, could interact with more than 14 of the selected target proteins. Besides, 57 potential pathways of GSZD were identified, such as insulin signaling pathway, metabolites and energy regulation, glucose metabolic process regulation, and positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process, etc. Conclusion: These results showed that molecular docking combined with network pharmacology is a feasible strategy for exploring bioactive compounds and mechanisms of Chinese medicines, and GSZD can be used to effectively treat diabetes through multi-components and multi-targets & pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xufeng Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 611137, China
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Deng Y, Ren H, Ye X, Xia L, Liu M, Liu Y, Yang M, Yang S, Ye X, Zhang J. Integrated Phytochemical Analysis Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experiment Verification to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Platycodon grandiflorum for Chronic Bronchitis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:564131. [PMID: 33013400 PMCID: PMC7506058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.564131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been widely used for treating chronic bronchitis (CB). However, the material basis and underlying mechanism of action of PG against CB have not yet been elucidated. Methods To analyze the ingredients in PG, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology was performed. Subsequently, using data mining and network pharmacology methodology, combined with Discovery Studio 2016 (DS), Cytoscape v3.7.1, and other software, active ingredients, drug-disease targets, and key pathways of PG in the treatment of CB were evaluated. Finally, the reliability of the core targets was evaluated using molecular docking technology and in vitro studies. Results A total of 36 compounds were identified in PG. According to the basic properties of the compounds, 10 major active ingredients, including platycodin D, were obtained. Based on the data mining approach, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, and the Analysis Platform (TCMSP), GeneCards, and other databases were used to obtain targets related to the active ingredients of PG and CB. Network analysis was performed on 144 overlapping gene symbols, and twenty core targets, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which indicated that the potential signaling pathway that was most relevant to the treatment of CB was the IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusion In this study, ingredient analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and experiment verification were combined, and revealed that PG can be used to treat CB by reducing inflammation. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine. Furthermore, our data are of value for the research and development of novel drugs and the application thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Deng
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongmin Ren
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianwen Ye
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lanting Xia
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Minmin Liu
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Songhong Yang
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xide Ye
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinlian Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Gynura divaricata exerts hypoglycemic effects by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:31. [PMID: 32796820 PMCID: PMC7427804 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the anti-diabetic effects of Gynura divaricata (GD) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Information about the chemical compositions of GD was obtained from extensive literature reports. Potential target genes were predicted using PharmMapper and analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). To validate the results from bioinformatics analyses, an aqueous extract of GD was administered to type 2 diabetic rats established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet followed by STZ injection. Key proteins of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway were investigated by immunoblotting. RESULTS The blood glucose of the rats in the GD treatment group was significantly reduced compared with the model group without treatment. GD also showed activities in reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREA). The levels of urine sugar (U-GLU) and urine creatinine (U-CREA) were also lowered after treatment with GD. Bioinformatics analysis showed that some pathways including metabolic pathways, insulin resistance, insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, bile secretion, purine metabolism, etc. may be regulated by GD. Furthermore, GD significantly increased the protein expression levels of PKM1/2, p-AKT, PI3K p85, and GLUT4 in the rat liver. In addition, the expression levels of key proteins in the fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway including AMPK, p-AMPK, PPARα, and CPT1α were significantly upregulated. The anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2/BAX expression ratio in rats was significantly upregulated after GD intervention. These results were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that GD can exert hypoglycemic effects in vivo by regulating the genes at the key nodes of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway.
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Li AP, He SS, Zhang WN, Zhang LC, Liu YT, Li K, Qin XM. Exploration the active compounds of Astragali Radix in treatment of adriamycin nephropathy by network pharmacology combined with transcriptomic approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112537. [PMID: 31901455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aimed to study the active compounds of Astragali Radix (AR) in the treatment of adriamycin nephropathy (AN) by a combination of network pharmacology and transcriptomics. METHODS The chemical compounds of AR were screened out by text mining and database searching. Pharm Mapper was used to predict the targets of these chemical compounds. Potential targets of AN were screened by integrating the data from network pharmacology with known transcriptomics analysis results of kidney tissue. Compound-active target-potential target interactions networks were constructed so as to illustrate the relationship between compounds and targets, and obtain the chemical compounds directly related to potential targets of AN. The formula of compound contribution index (CI) based on algorithm was used to screen the active compounds of AR in the treatment of AN. In addition, we established an adriamycin-induced cell damage model with MPC5 cell, and used MTT assay, trypan blue dyeing and western blot analyses to validate the pharmacodynamic effect of the active compounds. RESULTS 27 chemical compounds and 376 targets in AR were obtained by network pharmacology. Through Compound-active target-potential target interactions networks analysis, 22 compounds and 9 active targets as well as 130 potential targets were linked through 282 edges. The CI of every chemical compounds was further calculated by formula, the first four chemical compounds, including astragaloside IV, formononetin, quercetin and calycosin, whose cumulative contribution rate reached 87.28%, were considered to be active compounds. The results of MTT and trypan blue staining indicate that four active compounds had the significant protective effect on adriamycin-induced cell damage with MPC5 cell. Western blot result showed that four active compounds could significantly increase the expression of podocin protein in MPC5 cell. CONCLUSION The active compounds of AR in the treatment of AN were successfully identified by using a network pharmacology and transcriptomics approach. This approach is expected to be beneficial to the study of the pharmacodynamic material basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Sheng He
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ning Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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