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Allani M, Akhilesh, Tiwari V. Caspase-driven cancer therapies: Navigating the bridge between lab discoveries and clinical applications. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3944. [PMID: 38348642 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the cell's natural intrinsic regulatory mechanism of normal cells for programmed cell death, which plays an important role in cancer as a classical mechanism of tumor cell death causing minimal inflammation without causing damage to other cells in the vicinity. Induction of apoptosis by activation of caspases is one of the primary targets for cancer treatment. Over the years, a diverse range of natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic compounds and their derivatives have been investigated for their caspase-mediated apoptosis-induced anticancer activities. The review aims to compile the preclinical evidence and highlight the critical mechanistic pathways related to caspase-induced cell apoptosis in cancer treatment. The focus is placed on the key components of the mechanisms, including their chemical nature, and specific attention is given to phytochemicals derived from natural sources and synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. 180+ compounds from the past two decades with potential as anticancer agents are discussed in this review article. By summarizing the current knowledge and advancements in this field, this review provides a comprehensive overview of potential therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis in cancer cells. The findings presented herein contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat cancer and stimulate further research into the development of effective and targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Sinha B, Choudhury Y. Revisiting edible insects as sources of therapeutics and drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345281. [PMID: 38370484 PMCID: PMC10869617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been medicine's most formidable foe for long, and the rising incidence of the disease globally has made effective cancer therapy a significant challenge. Drug discovery is targeted at identifying efficacious compounds with minimal side effects and developments in nanotechnology and immunotherapy have shown promise in the fight against this complicated illness. Since ancient times, insects and insect-derived products have played a significant role in traditional medicine across several communities worldwide. The aim of this study was to inspect the traditional use of edible insects in various cultures and to explore their modern use in cancer therapy. Edible insects are sources of nutrients and a variety of beneficial substances with anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. Recently, insect derived bioactive-components have also been used as nanoparticles either in combination with chemotherapeutics or as a nano-cargo for the enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their high biocompatibility, low bio-toxicity, and their antioxidant and anticancer effects. The crude extracts of different edible insects and their active components such as sericin, cecropin, solenopsin, melittin, antimicrobial peptides and fibroin produce anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects by various mechanisms which have been discussed in this review.
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3
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Carpentieri S, Orkusz A, Ferrari G, Harasym J. Effect of replacing durum wheat semolina with Tenebrio molitor larvae powder on the techno-functional properties of the binary blends. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 8:100672. [PMID: 38261860 PMCID: PMC10797142 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae, due to their high nutritional value, are gaining growing attention in food and feed sectors. Although few studies dealt with wheat-based products functionalized with TM larvae powder, there is a lack of comprehensive characterization of the raw materials to optimize the formulations for end-product recommendation. This study aimed at investigating the effects of partial replacement of durum wheat semolina with increasing amounts of TM larvae powder (5-30%) on the techno-functional properties of the binary blends. Color, granulometry, hydration properties, pasting characteristics, spectral characteristics (FTIR), reducing sugar content, and bioactivity in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS) were assessed in the resulting blends. The increasing insect powder decreased the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) but increased the redness (a*) of the samples. In turn, the addition of insect powder did not negatively alter the hydration properties, which were comparable to those detected for semolina. Higher amounts of insect powder led to increased protein and lipid contents, as corroborated by the FTIR spectra, and decreased pasting parameters, with stronger starch granule stability detected when 20% and 30% of insect powder were added to the formulation. Significant increases in TPC and antioxidant activity were observed with increasing amount of insect powder (up to 87%, 78%, 2-fold, 67%, for TPC, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS, respectively, compared to semolina). Therefore, these promising results have highlighted the possibility of using TM larvae powder as an unconventional ingredient for wheat-based products, by enhancing the nutritional and health-promoting values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carpentieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Orkusz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- ProdAl Scarl C/o University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw, Poland
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator – Research Centre, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Kotsou K, Chatzimitakos T, Athanasiadis V, Bozinou E, Athanassiou CG, Lalas SI. Innovative Applications of Tenebrio molitor Larvae in Food Product Development: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 12:4223. [PMID: 38231605 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of alternative and sustainable food sources has garnered significant interest as a means to address the challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. Tenebrio molitor larvae, commonly known as mealworms, have emerged as a promising candidate in this context, as they are a rich source of nutrients and can be reared with relatively low resource input. This review article presents an in-depth analysis of the diverse range of food products developed using T. molitor larvae and the distinctive properties they bestow on these products. The review encompasses an exploration of the nutritional composition of the larvae, emphasizing their rich protein content, balanced amino acid profile, fatty acids with health benefits, vitamins, and minerals. It delves into how these attributes have been harnessed to enhance the nutritional value of a variety of food items, ranging from protein-rich snacks and energy bars to pasta, bakery goods, etc. Each of these applications is discussed with regard to how T. molitor larvae contribute to the nutritional content and sensory characteristics of the final product. Furthermore, this review sheds light on the innovative techniques and processing methods employed to incorporate T. molitor larvae into different food matrices. It addresses challenges related to taste, texture, and appearance that have been encountered and the strategies devised to overcome related problems. Overall, this comprehensive review elucidates the diverse food products that have been developed utilizing T. molitor larvae as a key ingredient. Highlighting the nutritional, sensory, and sustainability aspects of these products, this review offers valuable insights to harness the potential of this alternative protein source to meet the evolving needs of modern food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kotsou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Theodoros Chatzimitakos
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Vassilis Athanasiadis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleni Bozinou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Stavros I Lalas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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5
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Nutritional Composition, Health Benefits, and Application Value of Edible Insects: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243961. [PMID: 36553703 PMCID: PMC9777846 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, edible insects have been used as food to alleviate hunger and improve malnutrition. Some insects have also been used as medicines because of their therapeutic properties. This is not only due to the high nutritional value of edible insects, but more importantly, the active substances from edible insects have a variety of biofunctional activities. In this paper, we described and summarized the nutritional composition of edible insects and discussed the biological functions of edible insects and their potential benefits for human health. A summary analysis of the findings for each active function confirms that edible insects have the potential to develop functional foods and medicines that are beneficial to humans. In addition, we analyzed the issues that need to be considered in the application of edible insects and the current status of edible insects in food and pharmaceutical applications. We concluded with a discussion of regulations related to edible insects and an outlook on future research and applications of edible insects. By analyzing the current state of research on edible insects, we aim to raise awareness of the use of edible insects to improve human health and thus promote their better use and development.
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Tavares PPLG, dos Santos Lima M, Pessôa LC, de Andrade Bulos RB, de Oliveira TTB, da Silva Cruz LF, de Jesus Assis D, da Boa Morte ES, Di Mambro Ribeiro CV, de Souza CO. Innovation in Alternative Food Sources: A Review of a Technological State-of-the-Art of Insects in Food Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233792. [PMID: 36496600 PMCID: PMC9737383 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects present great potential for the food industry due to their easier rearing conditions and high nutritional value, in comparison with traditional livestock. However, there is a lack of evaluation of the technological status of food products developed with edible insects. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the emergent technological and scientific applications of edible insects in the food industry through a prospective study of patent documents and research articles. Espacenet was used as a research tool, applying the terms Insect, Pupa, Larva, or Nymph and the codes A23L33 and A23V2002. A total of 1139 documents were found-341 were related to the study. Orbit® was used to evaluate technological domains and clusters of concepts. Scopus database research was performed to assess the prevalence of insect research, with the term "edible and insect*". The main insects used were silkworms, bees, beetles, mealworms, crickets, and cicadas. Protein isolates were the predominant technology, as they function as an ingredient in food products or supplements. A diverse application possibility for insects was found due to their nutritional composition. The insect market is expected to increase significantly in the next years, representing an opportunity to develop novel high-quality/sustainable products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus dos Santos Lima
- Undergraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luiggi Cavalcanti Pessôa
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Bahia, Brazil
- Environment Department, Senai Cimatec University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Larissa Farias da Silva Cruz
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PGALI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Denilson de Jesus Assis
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Bahia, Brazil
- School of Exact and Technological Sciences, Salvador University, Salvador 41820-021, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elba Santos da Boa Morte
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health (PPGANS), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-907, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PGALI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PGALI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Bromatological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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7
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Moura MAFE, Martins BDA, Oliveira GPD, Takahashi JA. Alternative protein sources of plant, algal, fungal and insect origins for dietary diversification in search of nutrition and health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10691-10708. [PMID: 35698908 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2085657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to compare alternative protein sources in terms of nutritional composition and health benefits with the purpose of disseminating up-to-date knowledge and contribute for diversification of the food marked and consumers decision-making. Plant-based is the most well-established category of alternative proteins, but there is still room for diversification. Less conventional species such as chia seeds are prominent sources of ω-3 (∼60% total lipids), while hempseed and quinoa are notable sources of ω-6 (up to 58% and 61%, respectively). Edible insects and microalgae are alternative foods rich in protein (up to 70%), fibers (∼30%), as well as peptides and polysaccharides with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, antidepressant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Additionally, lipid contents in insect larvae can be as high as 50%, on a dry weight basis, containing fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. In contrast, edible fungi have low lipid contents (∼2%), but are rich in carbohydrates (up to 79%) and have balanced amino acid profiles. The results suggest that food formulations combining different alternative protein sources can meet dietary requirements. Further studies on flavoring and texturing processes will help to create meat and dairy analogs, thus helping to broaden acceptance and applicability of alternative protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna de Almeida Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geane P de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A Takahashi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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8
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Zepeda-Bastida A, Ocampo-López J, Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Idelfonso-García OG, Rosas-Madrigal S, Aparicio-Bautista DI, Pérez-Carreón JI, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J. Aqueous extracts from Tenebrio molitor larval and pupal stages inhibit early hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:1045-1052. [PMID: 34904416 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most frequent primary liver malignancy, is ranked as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its incidence expected to continue rising. One of the reasons is that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are ineffective. The development of HCC is attributed to a chronic exposition to either one or a combination of low amounts of different hepatotoxins, such as in hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin from contaminated foods, metabolic factors, and exposure to chemical carcinogens from tobacco smoke (Forner et al., 2018). Integrative studies combining exome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and the genomic characterization of HCC have shown that these etiological factors may raise the frequency of particular genetic alterations, resulting in intra-tumor heterogeneity that presents a huge challenge for treatment. For example, mutations in the catenin β-1 (CTNNB1) gene (a proto-oncogene in the WNT signaling pathway that encodes the β-catenin transcription factor) are strongly associated with alcohol-related HCC, whereas mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes are the most commonly observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC (Calderaro et al., 2017; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2017). The above findings emphasize the molecular diversity of HCC and the associations of different etiologies with distinct mechanisms in HCC progression. Consequently, prevention strategies are still attractive for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Zepeda-Bastida
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State-ICAP-UAEH, Hidalgo 43600, Mexico.
| | - Juan Ocampo-López
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State-ICAP-UAEH, Hidalgo 43600, Mexico
| | - Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine-INMEGEN, CDMX 14610, Mexico.,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute-CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | | | - Sandra Rosas-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine-INMEGEN, CDMX 14610, Mexico
| | | | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute-CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine-INMEGEN, CDMX 14610, Mexico. .,Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology-CONACYT, CDMX 03940, Mexico.
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9
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Errico S, Spagnoletta A, Verardi A, Moliterni S, Dimatteo S, Sangiorgio P. Tenebrio molitor as a source of interesting natural compounds, their recovery processes, biological effects, and safety aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:148-197. [PMID: 34773434 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is urgent to produce in larger quantities and more sustainably to reduce the gap between food supply and demand. In a circular bioeconomy vision, insects receive great attention as a sustainable alternative to satisfy food and nutritional needs. Among all insects, Tenebrio molitor (TM) is the first insect approved by the European Food Safety Authority as a novel food in specific conditions and uses, testifying its growing relevance and potential. This review holistically presents the possible role of TM in the sustainable and circular solution to the growing needs for food and nutrients. We analyze all high value-added products obtained from TM (powders and extracts, oils and fatty acids, proteins and peptides, and chitin and chitosan), their recovery processes (evaluating the best ones in technical and environmental terms), their nutritional and economical values, and their biological effects. Safety aspects are also mentioned. TM potential is undoubted, but some aspects still need to be discussed, including the health effects of substances and microorganisms in its body, the optimal production conditions (that affect product quality and safety), and TM capacity to convert by-products into new products. Environmental, economic, social, and market feasibility studies are also required to analyze the new value chains. Finally, to unlock the enormous potential of edible insects as a source of nutritious and sustainable food, it will be necessary to overcome the cultural, psychological, and regulatory barriers still present in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Errico
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verardi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Stefania Moliterni
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dimatteo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Paola Sangiorgio
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
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10
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Ding Q, Wu RA, Shi T, Yu Y, Yan Y, Sun N, Sheikh AR, Luo L, He R, Ma H. Antiproliferative effects of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) aqueous extract on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cancer cell lines. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13778. [PMID: 34075596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, insects have aroused the interest of researchers as potential therapeutic resources against malignant diseases such as cancer. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts from mysore thorn borer (MTB) (Anoplophora chinensis) and mealworm larvae (MWL) (Tenebrio molitor) against cancer cells were investigated. MWL aqueous extract showed higher antiproliferative effects against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells compared to MTB. The IC50 (48 hr) of MWL aqueous extract were 11.44 and 20 mg/ml for Caco-2 and HepG2 respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that MWL aqueous extract induced apoptosis in Caco-2 and HepG2 increasing from 2.06% to 74.34% and from 0.04% to 42.14% after 24 hr respectively. Caspase activity assay showed that apoptosis was mediated via death receptor pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -9 followed by the activation of caspase-3; caspase-3 may have induced DNA damage and cell death. These effects may be correlated to its free amino acids. The results of this study demonstrate the potentials of MWL in the development of natural anticancer therapeutics in the future. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Natural nutraceuticals from insects might be useful for the treatment and prevention of cancers such as colorectal and liver cancer. In recent years, edible insects have caught the attention of researchers, because of their potential as an alternative source of food and nutraceuticals. The results of our study showed that MWL extract might provide important anticancer compounds against colon and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ricardo A Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nianzhen Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arooj Rehman Sheikh
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Zielińska E, Zieliński D, Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Pankiewicz U, Flasz B, Dziewięcka M, Lewicki S. The impact of polystyrene consumption by edible insects Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio on their nutritional value, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress parameters. Food Chem 2020; 345:128846. [PMID: 33601659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine of nutritional value, in vitro cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress parameters in cells of selected insect species (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio) after 30 days of Styrofoam consumption. Furthermore, part of our research is also a consumer survey on the willingness to eat insects fed with Styrofoam (EPS 80). Mealworms fed with Styrofoam were determined to have higher protein (48.66 ± 0.92%) and ash content (4.81 ± 0.22%) with reduced fat (24.05 ± 0.55%) and carbohydrate content (2.95 ± 0.15%) than insects with a conventional diet (48.66 ± 0.92, 2.82 ± 0.12, 43.74 ± 0.77, and 4.78 ± 0.18, respectively) while in the case of superworms, no significant difference in nutrient composition was observed. Moreover, Styrofoam has no influence on the health status of gut cells in examined insects. Additionally, in studied concentrations of insects extracts standardized for protein replacement of the traditional insect diet with polystyrene foam did not increase the cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Zielińska
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Damian Zieliński
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka Str. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Karaś
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Urszula Pankiewicz
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Flasz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
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Bivehed E, Söderberg O, Hellman B. Flash-comet: Significantly improved speed and sensitivity of the comet assay through the introduction of lithium-based solutions and a more gentle lysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503240. [PMID: 33198930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of primary DNA-damage is one way to identify potential genotoxic agents and for this purpose the Comet assay has, for the last decades, been used to monitor DNA single strand and double strand breaks in individual cells. Various attempts have been made to modify the different steps in the in vitro protocol for the Comet assay in order to improve its sensitivity. However, to the best of our knowledge, nobody has tried to replace the traditionally used NaOH-based electrophoresis solution (pH > 13), with another type of solution. In the present paper, using TK-6 cells exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 or ionizing radiation, we present evidence clearly showing that a low-conductive LiOH-based electrophoresis solution at pH 12.5, and a more gentle lysis procedure, significantly improved both the speed and sensitivity of the assay. The new approach, which we call the Flash-comet, is based on a lysis buffer at pH 8.5, an unwinding time of 2.5 min in a LiOH solution without EDTA at pH 12.5, and an electrophoresis time of 1 min at 150 V (5 V/cm) using the same solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bivehed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences/Drug Safety and Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppsala, SE, 751 24, Sweden.
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences/Pharmaceutical Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppsala, SE, 751 24, Sweden
| | - Björn Hellman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences/Drug Safety and Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppsala, SE, 751 24, Sweden
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Evaluating the In vitro anti-cancer potential of estragole from the essential oil of Agastache foeniculum [Pursh.] Kuntze. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Choi RY, Ham JR, Ryu HS, Lee SS, Miguel MA, Paik MJ, Ji M, Park KW, Kang KY, Lee HI, Lee MK. Defatted Tenebrio molitor Larva Fermentation Extract Modifies Steatosis, Inflammation and Intestinal Microflora in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051426. [PMID: 32423176 PMCID: PMC7284378 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) on alcoholic liver injury in rats. The rats were fed either a Lieber-DeCarli control (Con) or alcohol liquid diet (EtOH). The alcohol-fed rats were administered MWF (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day) orally for eight weeks. MWF prevented alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage by decreasing their serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels significantly compared to the EtOH group. MWF effectively reduced the relative hepatic weight, lipid contents, and fat deposition, along with the down-regulation of transcriptional factors and genes involved in lipogenesis compared to the EtOH group. It also enhanced the antioxidant defense system by elevating the glutathione level and glutathione reductase activity. MWF attenuated the alcohol-induced inflammatory response by down-regulating hepatic inflammation-associated proteins expression, such as phosphorylated-inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in chronic alcohol-fed rats. Furthermore, sequencing analysis in the colonic microbiota showed that MWF tended to increase Lactobacillus johnsonii reduced by chronic alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that MWF can attenuate alcoholic liver injury by regulating the lipogenic and inflammatory pathway and antioxidant defense system, as well as by partially altering the microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.-Y.C.); (J.R.H.); (H.-S.R.)
| | - Ju Ri Ham
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.-Y.C.); (J.R.H.); (H.-S.R.)
| | - Hyo-Seon Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.-Y.C.); (J.R.H.); (H.-S.R.)
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.S.L.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Michelle A. Miguel
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.S.L.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.-J.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.-J.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Kyung-Wuk Park
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (K.-W.P.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (K.-W.P.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Hae-In Lee
- Mokpo Marin Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo 58621, Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.-Y.C.); (J.R.H.); (H.-S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3656
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Wu RA, Ding Q, Yin L, Chi X, Sun N, He R, Luo L, Ma H, Li Z. Comparison of the nutritional value of mysore thorn borer (Anoplophora chinensis) and mealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor): Amino acid, fatty acid, and element profiles. Food Chem 2020; 323:126818. [PMID: 32330649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in using insects as an alternative nutrient source and Mysore thorn borer (MTB) (Anoplophora chinensis) might have nutritional and functional relevance for humans. The nutritional composition of MTB (amino acids, fatty acids, and elements profiles) was examined and compared with mealworm larva (MWL) (Tenebrio molitor). MTB was found to contain 19 amino acids, including all essential amino acids. A total of 16 fatty acids were detected including polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid). Moreover, MTB had a low n - 6/n - 3 ratio and contained some essential elements, such as iron, zinc, calcium, and potassium. These results demonstrated that MTB might be a potential source of nutritional compounds for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qingzhi Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Litao Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiuwei Chi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nianzhen Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China
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