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Zeng J, Chen L, Peng X, Luan F, Hu J, Xie Z, Xie H, Liu R, Lv H, Zeng N. The anti-depression effect and potential mechanism of the petroleum ether fraction of CDB: Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28582. [PMID: 38586416 PMCID: PMC10998071 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of Chaidangbo (CDB) is an antidepressant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription simplified by Xiaoyaosan (a classic antidepressant TCM prescription) through dismantling research, which has the effect of dispersing stagnated liver qi and nourishing blood in TCM theory. Although the antidepressant effect of CBD has been confirmed in animal studies, the material basis and possible molecular mechanism for antidepressant activity in CBD have not been clearly elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of CDB antidepressant fraction (petroleum ether fraction of CDB, PEFC) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice using network pharmacology and metabolomics. First, a UPLC-QE/MS was employed to identify the components of PEFC. To extract active ingredients, SwissADME screening was used to the real PEFC components that were found. Potential PEFC antidepressant targets were predicted based on a network pharmacology approach, and a pathway enrichment analysis was performed for the predicted targets. Afterward, a CUMS mouse depression model was established and LC-MS-based untargeted hippocampal metabolomics was performed to identify differential metabolites, and related metabolic pathways. Finally, the protein expressions in mouse hippocampi were determined by Western blot to validate the network pharmacology and metabolomics deduction. A total of 16 active compounds were screened in SwissADME that acted on 73 core targets of depression, including STAT3, MAPKs, and NR3C1; KEGG enrichment analysis showed that PEFC modulated signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, and MAPK to exert antidepressant effects. PEFC significantly reversed abnormalities of hippocampus metabolites in CUMS mice, mainly affecting the synthesis and metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine, impacting catecholamine transfer and cholinergic synapses and regulating the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed that PEFC significantly influenced the main protein levels of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in the hippocampus of mice subjected to CUMS. This study integrated metabolomics, network pharmacology and biological verification to explore the potential mechanism of PEFC in treating depression, which is related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism dysfunction and the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in the hippocampus. The comprehensive strategy also provided a reasonable way for unveiling the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways in TCM with antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hongxiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haizhen Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Wang J, Zhao P, Cheng P, Zhang Z, Yang S, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu G. Exploring the effect of Anshen Dingzhi prescription on hippocampal mitochondrial signals in single prolonged stress mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117713. [PMID: 38181935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anshen Dingzhi prescription (ADP), which was first published in the masterpiece of traditional Chinese Medicine in the Qing Dynasty, "Yi Xue Xin Wu" (1732 CE), is documented to interrupt panic-related disorders. However, the mechanism of its action is still not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the effects of ADP on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behaviors and explore the mechanism from perspective of sirtuin1 (SIRT1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α)-dependent mitochondrial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS The changes of SIRT1-PGC-1α signal and mitochondrial function were evaluated in the hippocampus of mice receiving single prolonged stress (SPS). Later, the roles of this signaling pathway played in fear memory generalization and anxiety-like behavior in SPS mice was investigated using two agonists of this signaling pathway. On this basis, the effects of ADP (36.8 mg/kg) with definite therapeutic effects, on mitochondrial function were investigated and further confirmed by a SIRT1 inhibitor. Finally, the possible components of ADP targeting PGC-1α were monitored through bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared with control mice, SIRT1-PGC-1α signal in the hippocampus was impaired in SPS mice, accompanied with dysfunction of mitochondria and abnormal expression of synaptic proteins. The agonists of SIRT1-PGC-1α signal, ZLN005, as well as resveratrol improved the behavioral changes of mice caused by SPS, reversed the decline of proteins in SIRT1-PGC-1α signal, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the abnormal expression of synaptic proteins. The fingerprint was established for the quality control of ADP. At a dose of 36.8 mg/kg, ADP could prevent fear memory generalization and anxiety-like behavior in SPS mice. Mechanically, ADP promoted SIRT1-PGC-1α signal and repaired mitochondrial function. Importantly, SIRT1 inhibitor, selisistat eliminated the ameliorative effects of ADP on behavioral and mitochondrial function. Through molecular docking simulation, the brain-entering components of ADP, including malkangunin, Rg5, fumarine, frutinone A, celabenzine, and inermin had high binding energy with PGC-1α. CONCLUSION Dysfunction of SIRT1-PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial function is attributed to SPS-triggered fear generalization and anxiety-like behavior, and ADP could improve PTSD-like behaviors likely through activating this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medical Research Center of Anhui Province, The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medical Research Center of Anhui Province, The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Wang YT, Wang XL, Lei L, Guo ZY, Hu D, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Efficacy of Chinese herbal formula Kai-Xin-San on rodent models of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117492. [PMID: 38012974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS, or Happy Feeling Powder), a typical Chinese herbal prescription, is frequently used for treating depression by the multi-level and multi-target mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of KXS on depression in preclinic trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS We independently searched for preclinical animal studies of KXS on depression from inception to June 28, 2022, using electronic databases, e.g., PUBMED. The measurements were performed to assess the outcomes of behavioral tests. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis included twenty-four studies and 608 animals. A remarkable effect of KXS in depression behavioral tests, including sucrose consumption test (SMD: 2.36, 95% CI: (1.81, 2.90); Z = 8.49, P < 0.00001)., forced swimming test (MD = -60.52, 95% CI: (-89.04, -31.99); Z = 4.16, P < 0.0001), rearing times (MD=4.48, 95% CI: (3.39, 5.57); Z = 8.05, P < 0.00001) and crossing times (MD = -33.7, 95% CI: (25.74, 41.67); Z = 8.29, P < 0.00001) in the open field test, showing KXS's excellent efficiency in improving depressive-like symptoms of animals. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed KXS remarkably relieved animals' depressive-like symptoms, providing evidence that KXS can be a promising drug candidate for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Jin M, Zhang S, Huang B, Li L, Liang H, Ni A, Han L, Liang P, Liu J, Shi H, Lv P. Dulaglutide treatment reverses depression-like behavior and hippocampal metabolomic homeostasis in mice exposed to chronic mild stress. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3448. [PMID: 38444330 PMCID: PMC10915471 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment strategies for depression based on interventions for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are receiving increasing attention. Investigating the mechanism of their antidepressant effect and exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers have attracted increasing attention. Dulaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been reported to alleviate cognitive deficits and neuronal damage. However, the antidepressant effect of dulaglutide and, especially, the underlying mechanism are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying biomarkers of depression and potential modulatory targets of dulaglutide in chronic mild stress (CMS) mice. METHODS Sixty mice were randomly divided into a control group (CON group), a CMS+Vehicle group (CMS+Veh group), a CMS+0.3 mg/kg dulaglutide group (Low Dula group), and a CMS+0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide group (High Dula group). Numerous behavioral tests, mainly the open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, were applied to evaluate the potential effect of dulaglutide treatment on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice exposed to chronic stress. Furthermore, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was utilized to investigate the associated mechanisms of dulaglutide treatment. RESULTS Three weeks of dulaglutide treatment significantly reversed depressive-like but not anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to chronic stress for 4 weeks. The results from the metabolomics analysis showed that a total of 20 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the CON and CMS+Veh groups, and 46 metabolites were selected between the CMS+Veh and High Dula groups in the hippocampus of the mice. Comprehensive analysis indicated that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were disrupted in model mice that experienced depression and underwent dulaglutide therapy. CONCLUSION The antidepressant effects of dulaglutide in a CMS depression model were confirmed. We identified 64 different metabolites and four major pathways associated with metabolic pathophysiological processes. These primary data provide a new perspective for understanding the antidepressant-like effects of dulaglutide and may facilitate the use of dulaglutide as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jin
- Department of NeurologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Shipan Zhang
- Department of NeurologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Boya Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health ScienceHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Litao Li
- Department of NeurologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Hao Liang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
- Cardiology DepartmentHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Aihua Ni
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Lina Han
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of NeurologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of NeurologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
| | - Haishui Shi
- Nursing SchoolHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of NeurologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive DisordersShijiazhuangChina
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Luo Y, Zhong Z, Li H, Wang L, Guo D, Dong X, Liu J, Xie M, Wu M, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Meng P. Integrating serum metabolomics and network analysis to explore the antidepressant activity of crocin in rats with chronic unexpected mild stress-induced depression. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1414-1430. [PMID: 37688460 PMCID: PMC10494758 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2246531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crocin exhibits anti-depressant properties. However, its underlying mechanisms and its relationship with metabolomics remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study elucidates the mechanism of action and potential targets of crocin in treating chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent 4 weeks of CUMS to establish the depression model. The normal control (distilled water), crocin (25 mg/kg), and fluoxetine (5.4 mg/kg) groups were orally administered for 4-weeks. Behavioural tests evaluated the effects of crocin, while liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics identified differential metabolites and their associated metabolic pathways. Subsequently, network pharmacology was utilized to predict the targets of crocin. RESULTS Crocin significantly increased body weight (from 319.16 ± 4.84 g to 325.67 ± 2.84 g), sucrose preference (from 0.46 ± 0.09 to 0.70 ± 0.09), vertical activity (from 2.83 ± 1.94 to 8 ± 2.36), horizontal activity (from 1 ± 0.63 to 4.5 ± 3.08) and decreased immobilization time (from 13.16 ± 2.69 to 3.97 ± 3.00). Metabolomics analysis identified 7 metabolites and 5 associated metabolic pathways. From the combined analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics, three targets (PRMT1, CYP3A4, and GLB1) are the overlapping targets and the two most important metabolic pathways are tryptophan metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the antidepressant therapeutic effect of crocin and its underlying mechanisms. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic mechanism involved in the anti-depressant effect of crocin, establishing a strong foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ziyan Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xuanqi Dong
- The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Pan Meng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Cao Y, Li M, Gu L, Zhao X, Zhou A, Miao Y, Wu Y, Ke Z, Hu R, Wang Z, Wu X. Chinese traditional formula Kaixin San suppressed ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons and cardiomyocytes in mice with paradoxical sleep deprivation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116034. [PMID: 36529245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kaixin San (KXS) is one of the most famous traditional Chinese formulas prescribed by Sun Simiao in 652 Christian era. It is composed of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, Polygala tenuifolia, Poria cocos and Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser. KXS is widely used for the treatment of emotion-thought disease, such as settling fright, quieting the spirit and nourishing the heart. However, whether KXS benefits hippocampal neurons and myocardial cells of mice impaired by paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and its mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the effect of KXS on hippocampal neuron and cardiac ferroptosis in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep deprived mice and clarify its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS PSD was induced by a modified multi-platform method. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to detect the ability of learning and memory. Cardiac morphological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Heart rate was detected by a PowerLab multichannel physiological recorder. Serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured with biochemical kits. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescent, and Western blotting analysis were used to observe the process and pathway of ferrotosis in hippocampus tissue and heart tissue of PSD mice. RESULTS KXS administration improved the impaired learning and memory of PSD mice. It prevented the damage of mitochondria in the hippocampus and heart of PSD mice. KXS also alleviated the myocardial injury, such as morphological damage, abnormal heart rate, serum ANP, and serum LDH induced by PSD. Further study disclosed that KXS reversed the expressions of proteins involved in ferroptosis such as TFRC, SLC7A11/xCT, GPX-4, ACSL4, and FTH1 in hippocampus and heart tissues. CONCLUSIONS KXS improved learning and memory of mice with REM sleep deprivation, which was closely associated with suppressed ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons and myocardiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Sate Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Sate Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - An Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Yuping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Sate Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Sate Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Chen C, Xu YJ, Zhang SR, Wang XH, Hu Y, Guo DH, Zhou XJ, Zhu WY, Wen AD, Tan QR, Dong XZ, Liu P. MiR-1281 is involved in depression disorder and the antidepressant effects of Kai-Xin-San by targeting ADCY1 and DVL1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14265. [PMID: 36938448 PMCID: PMC10020002 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a Chinese medicine formulation that is commonly used to treat depression caused by dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen. Recent studies indicated that miRNAs were involved in the pathophysiology of depression. However, there have been few studies on the mechanism underlying the miRNAs directly mediating antidepressant at clinical level, especially in nature drugs and TCM compound. In this study, we identified circulating miRNAs defferentially expressed among the depression patients (DPs), DPs who underwent 8weeks of KXS treatment and health controls (HCs). A total of 45 miRNAs (17 were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed among three groups. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was used to verify 10 differentially expressed candidate miRNAs in more serum samples, and the results showed that 6 miRNAs (miR-1281, miR-365a-3p, miR-2861, miR-16-5p, miR-1202 and miR-451a) were consistent with the results of microarray. Among them, miR-1281, was the novel dynamically altered and appeared to be specifically related to depression and antidepressant effects of KXS. MicroRNA-gene-pathway-net analysis showed that miR-1281-regulated genes are mostly key nodes in the classical signaling pathway related to depression. Additionally, our data suggest that ADCY1 and DVL1 were the targets of miR-1281. Thus, based on the discovery of miRNA expression profiles in vivo, our findings suggest a new role for miR-1281 related to depression and demonstrated in vitro that KXS may activate cAMP/PKA/ERK/CREB and Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathways by down-regulating miR-1281 that targets ADCY1 and DVL1 to achieve its role in neuronal cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-rong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The 984th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-hui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The 984th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-hong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-jiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-yu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author.Department of Pharmacy, the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
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Huang G, Lin L, Zhang M, He Y, Yang L, Li L, Li H, Yang B. Discrimination of genuine and non‐genuine
Magnolia officinalis
leaves based on multi‐technique data fusion of ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and chemometrics. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Lujie Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Mingxiao Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yuxin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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New insights into effects of Kaixin Powder on depression via lipid metabolism related adiponectin signaling pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Kai-Xin-San Protects Depression Mice Against CORT-Induced Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Microglia Activation and Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5845800. [PMID: 36310618 PMCID: PMC9605849 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5845800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective Traditional Chinese medicine formula Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is used to treat psychiatric disorders, especially in anxiety and depression. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effect of KXS on inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression. Methods The therapeutic efficacy of KXS was evaluated in a mouse model of depression induced by CORT. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of KXS in treating depressive-like behavior. Nissl staining and β-galactosidase staining were used to assess the effects of KXS on neuronal injury in depressed mice. To screen key potential therapeutic targets of KXS, transcriptome sequences and data analysis were performed. Then, Iba1 immunofluorescence staining and their relative inflammatory factors mRNA expression were conducted to assess the effect of KXS in inhibiting microglial inflammation activation response. Concurrently, the measurement of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) immunohistochemistry staining, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed to evaluate the effect of KXS on anti-oxidative stress of depression in vivo. Besides, nitric oxide (NO), relative inflammatory factors mRNA expression, JC-1 staining, and ROS were used to evaluate the effect of KXS by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-induced BV2 cells. Results KXS significantly relieved the depressive-like symptoms induced by CORT, as well as ameliorating the neuronal damage, which decreased microglia inflammatory activation response of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in vivo or in vitro too. Transcriptome Sequencing and Data Analysis showed that KXS mainly by regulating immune system and transduction pathways decreased CORT-induced depression in mice. And showed that there were 19 Principal components and 10 genes in the main regulatory position with the strongest correlation in depression mice. Meanwhile, KXS effectively decreased senescence, the expression of 4-HNE, MDA content, and the production of ROS, while increasing the SOD activity in CORT-induced mice. Besides, KXS significantly reversed the mitochondrial membrane potential loss and excessive ROS production in LPS/IFNγ-induced BV2 cells. Conclusion Our research suggested that KXS might protect depressed mice against CORT-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting microglia activation and oxidative stress.
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Liu X, Li X, Teng T, Jiang Y, Xiang Y, Fan L, Yu Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolome features among multiple depressive animal models. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:103-111. [PMID: 35780963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Emerging studies reported that gut microbiota and fecal metabolites take part in major depressive disorder (MDD) pathogenesis. However, the conclusions based on a single depressive animal model seem inconsistent or even controversial. METHODS Multiple depression rat models, including chronic unpredictable mild stress, chronic restraint stress, social defeat, and learned helplessness, were used. Then, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis determined the alteration of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. RESULTS The results of sucrose preference test and forced swimming test suggested that each model successfully established depression-like behavior. A total of 179 discriminative amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified among four models. The overall discriminative ASVs mainly belonged to the family Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. Moreover, the fecal metabolomic analysis identified 468 differential expressed metabolites. Among all the differential metabolites, 11 specific pathways significantly altered, which were mainly belonged to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Finally, co-occurrence network analysis suggested that target differential metabolites were associated with discriminative ASVs mainly assigned to family taxon Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of MDD in humans cannot be totally imitated by animal models. CONCLUSIONS In multiple depression models, the alterations of family Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae with the dysbiosis of lipid and amino acid metabolism were gut microbiota and fecal metabolome features. The findings of our research may help us to have a comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Potential Mechanisms of Shu Gan Jie Yu Capsule in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression Based on Systemic Pharmacology and Current Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3321099. [PMID: 36045654 PMCID: PMC9423969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3321099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Shu Gan Jie Yu (SGJY) capsule has a good effect on relieving depressive symptoms in China. However, the mechanism of action is still unclear. Therefore, systemic pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were used to clarify its corresponding antidepressant mechanisms. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM), and Swiss Target Prediction servers were used to screen and predict the bioactive components of the SGJY capsule and their antidepressive targets. Mild to moderate depression (MMD) related genes were obtained from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. A network of bioactive components-therapeutic targets of the SGJY capsule was established by STRING 11.5 and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. Gene function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed by utilizing Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. Active components were taken to dock with the hypothetical proteins by iGEMDOCK and SwissDock, and the docking details were visually displayed by UCSF Chimera software. Then, the related research literature of the SGJY capsule was reviewed, summarized, sorted, and analyzed, including experimental evidence and clinical experience. Results Seven active components and 45 intersection targets were included in the study. PPI network had genuinely uncovered the potential therapeutic targets, such as AKT1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, EGFR, and PTGS2. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the mechanism of the SGJY capsule on MMD was mainly involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions In this study, we have successfully predicted the biochemically active constituents, potential therapeutic targets, and comprehensively predicted the related drug-gene interaction of the SGJY capsule for treating MMD and provided a basis for subsequent experiments.
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Yang S, Qu Y, Wang J, Gao F, Ji M, Xie P, Zhu A, Tan B, Wang X, Zhu G. Anshen Dingzhi prescription in the treatment of PTSD in mice: Investigation of the underlying mechanism from the perspective of hippocampal synaptic function. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154139. [PMID: 35523115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anshen Dingzhi prescription (ADP) is an important prescription for the treatment of mental diseases in traditional Chinese medicine and is widely used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders. PURPOSE To explore the ameliorative effect of ADP on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behaviors in mice and determine the underlying mechanism. METHODS The constituents of ADP were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The PTSD-like behaviors of mice subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) were evaluated using behavioral tests. Potential pathological changes in the hippocampus were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to detect the expression of proteins involved in relevant signaling pathways. RESULTS Five quality control markers (ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, tenuifolin, poricoic acid B, and α-asarone) were detected in the ADP solution. The ginsenoside Rg1 content in ADP was found to be 0.114 mg/g. Mice subjected to SPS showed obvious fear generalization and anxiety-like behaviors. ADP treatment prevented the behavioral changes caused by exposure to SPS. Compared with control animals, the number of normal pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice exposed to SPS was decreased and the number of degenerating pyramidal cells was increased; however, ADP administration could counteract these effects. Furthermore, the protein expression of BDNF, p-TrkB, μ-calpain, PSD95, GluN2A, GluA1, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and ARC was decreased, while that of PTEN and GluN2B was increased in the hippocampus of mice subjected to SPS compared with that in control animals; however, these changes in protein expression were reversed following ADP treatment. Importantly, the ameliorative effect of ADP on PTSD-like behaviors and synaptic protein expression were inhibited by rapamycin administration. CONCLUSIONS ADP administration improves PTSD-like behaviors in mice and this effect may be mediated through an mTOR-dependent improvement in synaptic function in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Manman Ji
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Bei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China.
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Huang X, Yang Q, Xie L, Lei S. Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit exacerbates inflammation in depression rats by modulating microglia polarization. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5509-5524. [PMID: 35172677 PMCID: PMC8973615 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major cause of emotional agony and degraded living quality. Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) is involved in histone methylation in human diseases. This experiment was designed to investigate the mechanism of EZH2 on depression. Depression rat model was established via the treatment of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to identify rat depression-like behaviors. EZH2 expression was determined and then silenced to assess its effect on depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. Microglia were isolated, cultured, identified and activated to assess EZH2 expression. Effect of EZH2 on microglia polarization was evaluated. Next, the binding relation between microRNA (miR)-29b-3p and EZH2 or matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) was analyzed. Levels of miR-29b-3p expression and MMP2 transcription were examined. Additionally, the role of miR-29b-3p in microglia polarization was tested. Depression-like behaviors were exhibited after CUMS induction. EZH2 was overexpressed in CUMS-treated rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia. EZH2 silencing reversed depression-like behaviors. EZH2 silencing mitigated inflammation in depression by manipulating microglia M2-type polarization. EZH2 targeted miR-29b-3p expression to promote MMP2 transcription. Inhibition of miR-29b-3p reversed the role of EZH2 silencing in microglia M2-type polarization and promoted inflammation. EZH2 inhibited miR-29b-3p expression by combining with miR-29b-3p promoter and trimethylation of histone H3-lysine 27-trimethylated upregulation, and then elevated MMP2 transcription and triggered microglia M1-type polarization, thus exacerbating depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Huang
- Mental Medicine, College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated with North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Kangning Hospital Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated with North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Kangning Hospital Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sihong Lei
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated with North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Yang W, Zhu W, Wang Y, Liu P. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the effects of SZL on patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder with comparison to fluoxetine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114549. [PMID: 34438029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kaixinsan (KXS) decoction, as an herbal formula, was used to treat the diseases, such as insomnia, amnesia, emotional disorders in ancient china. It has been demonstrated to be active in various animal models resembling human depression with multitarget effects. However, effective verification on the clinical application of KXS is still lacking. Supplements in this knowledge field are urgently needed. AIM OF THE STUDY This very first study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of ShenZhiLing (SZL) tablets (KXS preparation), compared with fluoxetine (FLX, positive comparator), in patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 156 patients with mild to moderate depression without taken any antidepressants in the past 6 months or 4 continuous weeks were randomized to receive either 3.2 g/d SZL plus 20 mg/d FLX placebo (SZL group) or 20 mg/d FLX plus 3.2 g/d SZL placebo (FLX group), for 8 weeks. Their clinical presentations and some metabolic indexes were assessed during the 8 weeks' visiting period. RESULTS Patients in SZL group showed a statistically significant improvement after 8 weeks of treatment in HAM-D17 score (18.79±2.09 to 4.43±4.71, p<0.001) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) score (58.49±8.89 to 39.84±12.09, p<0.001), but not in N-back total respond time (1145.55±608.26 to 1128.47±387.49, p>0.05). In addition, no significant difference at 8 weeks of treatment was found between SZL and FLX groups in SDS score (39.84±12.09 vs. 36.63±12.44) and N-back respond time (1128.47±387.49 vs. 1089.43±352.08) as well as reduction of HAM-D17 score (14.79±4.88 vs. 15.24±4.29) (p>0.05 for all). However, the serum APOB, APOC3 and ALB levels and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased significantly in patients after SZL treatment, while only APOB/APOA1 ratio decreased significantly in FLX group. Other metabolic indexes did not alter significantly after treated with SZL or FLX. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety profile of SZL are comparable to that of fluoxetine in patients with mild to moderate depression. The beneficial effect of SZL is probably associated with improvement of lipid metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wenshan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weiyu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Ramos-da-Silva L, Carlson PT, Silva-Costa LC, Martins-de-Souza D, de Almeida V. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Antidepressant Treatment on Major Depression. Complex Psychiatry 2021; 7:49-59. [PMID: 35813936 PMCID: PMC8739385 DOI: 10.1159/000518098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and multifactorial psychiatric disorder that causes serious health, social, and economic concerns worldwide. The main treatment of the symptoms is through antidepressant (AD) drugs. However, not all patients respond properly to these drugs. Omic sciences are widely used to analyze not only biomarkers for the AD response but also their molecular mechanism. In this review, we aimed to focus on omics data to better understand the molecular mechanisms involving AD effects on MDD. We consistently found, from preclinical to clinical data, that glutamatergic transmission, immune/inflammatory processes, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism were associated with traditional and potential new ADs. Despite efforts of studies investigating biomarkers of response to ADs, which could contribute to personalized treatment, there is no biomarker panel available for clinical application. From clinical genomic studies, we found that the main findings contribute to the development of pharmacogenomic tests for AD efficacy for each patient. Several studies pointed at DRD2, PXDNL, CACNA1E, and CACNA2D1 genes as potential targets for MDD treatment and the efficacy and rapid-antidepressant effect of ketamine. Finally, more in-depth studies of the molecular targets pointed here are needed to determine the clinical relevance and provide further evidence for precision MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ramos-da-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pamela T. Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licia C. Silva-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Yu S, Liu S, Wang N, Yu D, Qin M, Wu J, Guan Q. Novel insights into antidepressant mechanism of Kai Xin San formula: Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153792. [PMID: 34735906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kai Xin San (KXS) was widely applied for the treatment of depression for thousands of years. However, the underlying antidepressant mechanism of KXS remains not clear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy are involved in inflammation-induced depression and antidepressant mechanism of KXS. METHODS Wistar rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks, and KXS (3, 5, and 10 g/kg/d) was administrated during the last 2 weeks of CUMS procedure. The effects of KXS on depressive-like behaviors, neuroinflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and autophagy were investigated in CUMS rats. Rat astrocytes were employed to further explore the potential mechanism of KXS in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA, 5 mM) was used in vitro to elucidate the role of autophagy in the antidepressant mechanism of KXS. RESULTS In vivo, KXS improved depressive-like behaviors of CUMS rats in sucrose preference test, open field test and forced swimming test. Moreover, KXS inhibited the neuroinflammation induced by CUMS and promoted autophagy in prefrontal cortex of rats. The results in vitro further validated the anti-inflammatory and proautohapgic effects of KXS. More importantly, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA diminished the inhibitory effect of KXS on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rat astrocytes. CONCLUSION KXS ameliorated CUMS-induced depressive behaviors in rats and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in vivo and in vitro. These effects might be regulated by KXS-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qingxiang Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
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Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Functional Portrait: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738991. [PMID: 34690812 PMCID: PMC8530192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D is a chordate gene early originated in the Lipocalin protein family. Among other features, regulation of its expression in a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, as apparently unrelated as neurodegeneration or breast cancer, have called for attention on this gene. Also, its presence in different tissues, from blood to brain, and different subcellular locations, from HDL lipoparticles to the interior of lysosomes or the surface of extracellular vesicles, poses an interesting challenge in deciphering its physiological function: Is ApoD a moonlighting protein, serving different roles in different cellular compartments, tissues, or organisms? Or does it have a unique biochemical mechanism of action that accounts for such apparently diverse roles in different physiological situations? To answer these questions, we have performed a systematic review of all primary publications where ApoD properties have been investigated in chordates. We conclude that ApoD ligand binding in the Lipocalin pocket, combined with an antioxidant activity performed at the rim of the pocket are properties sufficient to explain ApoD association with different lipid-based structures, where its physiological function is better described as lipid-management than by long-range lipid-transport. Controlling the redox state of these lipid structures in particular subcellular locations or extracellular structures, ApoD is able to modulate an enormous array of apparently diverse processes in the organism, both in health and disease. The new picture emerging from these data should help to put the physiological role of ApoD in new contexts and to inspire well-focused future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
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19
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Liu X, Teng T, Li X, Fan L, Xiang Y, Jiang Y, Du K, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Impact of Inosine on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors With the Alteration of Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697640. [PMID: 34595128 PMCID: PMC8476956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antidepressants do not confer a clear advantage in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence highlights the potential antidepressant-like effects of inosine on adult MDD, and gut microbiomes are significantly associated with MDD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, few studies have investigated possible associations between inosine and gut microbiota in adolescents with MDD. The current study investigated the potential antidepressant effects of inosine in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. After 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation, the mice were assessed by body weight, the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test, and the elevated plus maze (EPM). The microbiota compositions of feces were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inosine significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice including SPT and EPM results. Fecal microbial composition differed in the CON+saline, CUMS+saline, and CUMS+inosine groups, which were characterized by 126 discriminative amplicon sequence variants belonging to Bacteroidetes and Firmicute at the phylum level and Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level. Muribaculaceae was positively associated with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. KEGG functional analysis suggested that inosine might affect gut microbiota through carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. The results of the study indicated that inosine improved depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice, in conjunction with the alteration of fecal microbial composition. Our findings may provide a novel perspective on the antidepressant effects of inosine in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
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20
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Cai F, Ren F, Zhang Y, Ding X, Fu G, Ren D, Yang L, Chen N, Shang Y, Hu Y, Yi L, Zhang H. Screening of lipid metabolism biomarkers in patients with coronary heart disease via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1169:122603. [PMID: 33690078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) has a high mortality worldwide. This study aimed to screen lipid metabolism biomarkers in patients with coronary heart disease via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Extraction and reconstitution solvents, liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions were optimized to detect more plasma lipid metabolites. In this study, the chromatographic and mass spectra characteristics of lipid metabolites were summarized. A total of 316 lipid metabolites were annotated via diagnostic fragment ion filtration, nitrogen rule filtration, and neutral loss filtration. Glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were revealed as the main lipid disorders of CHD. This study provides a novel insight for high-throughput detection of lipid metabolites in plasma and provides a further understanding of the occurrence of CHD, which can provide valuable suggestions for the prevention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fandong Ren
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yunnan First People's Hospital, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Yunnan First People's Hospital, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Guanghui Fu
- School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dabing Ren
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Shang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongdan Hu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yunnan First People's Hospital, Kunming 650032, China.
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21
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Li C, Huang J, Cheng YC, Zhang YW. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Depression Treatment: From Molecules to Systems. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 32457610 PMCID: PMC7221138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a multigenetic or multifactorial syndrome. The central neuron system (CNS)-orientated, single target, and conventional antidepressants are insufficient and far from ideal. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has historically been used to treat depression up till today, particularly in Asia. Its holistic, multidrug, multitarget nature fits well with the therapeutic idea of systems medicine in depression treatment. Over the past two decades, although efforts have been made to understand TCM herbal antidepressants at the molecular level, many fundamental questions regarding their mechanisms of action remain to be addressed at the systems level in order to better understand the complicated herbal formulations in depression treatment. In this Mini Review, we review and discuss the mechanisms of action of herbal antidepressants and their acting targets in the pathological systems in the brain, such as monoamine neurotransmissions, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotropic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cascade, and glutamate transmission. Some herbal molecules, constituents, and formulas are highlighted as examples to discuss their mechanisms of action and future directions for comprehensive researches at the systems level. Furthermore, we discuss pharmacological approaches to integrate the mechanism of action from the molecular level into the systems level for understanding of systems pharmacology of TCM formulations. Integration of the studies at the molecular level into the systems level not only represents a trend in TCM study but also promotes our understanding of the system-wide mechanism of action of herbal antidepressant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Junying Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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22
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Li W, Ban C, Yue L, Sun L, Li X, Xiao S. Homozygosity in the APOE 3 Polymorphism Is Associated With Less Depression and Higher Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein in Chinese Elderly Schizophrenics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:642. [PMID: 33178131 PMCID: PMC7593819 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Depressive symptoms are common comorbidities in schizophrenia. However, the effect of APOE E3 on depressive symptoms has never been investigated in an aging Chinese population with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of APOE E3 on blood lipid metabolism and depressive symptoms in elderly schizophrenics in China. Methods: Three Hundred and one elderly schizophrenics (161 males, age ranges from 60 to 92 years, with an average age of 67.31 ± 6.667) were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). APOE gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We assessed the correlations of GDS and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with APOE genotypes. Results: The concentration of LDL in the Homozygous APOE E3 group was significantly higher than that in the non-homozygous APOE E3 group, while the scores of GDS of the Homozygous APOE E3 group were lower than that in the non-homozygous APOE E3 group. Using partial correlation analysis and controlling age, gender, duration of disease, and hyperlipidemia, we found that the scores of GDS were significantly correlated with LDL (r = -0.194, p = 0.016). Conclusions: APOE E3 is associated with less depressive symptoms and higher serum LDL in Chinese elderly patients with schizophrenia, and there is a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Ban
- General Psychiatry, Jiading District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Sun
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Xia Li
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shifu Xiao
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