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Liu H, Feng X, Zhang R, Yuan S, Tian Y, Luo P, Chen J, Zhou X. Safety of medicinal and edible herbs from fruit sources for human consumption: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118429. [PMID: 38851470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal and edible herbs from fruit sources have been increasingly used in traditional Chinese medicine dietotherapy. There are no restrictions on who could consume the medicinal and edible fruits or on the dosage of consumption. However, their safety for human consumption has yet to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY This systematic review aimed to assess the safety of human consumption of 30 medicinal and edible fruits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven English and Chinese databases were searched up to May 31, 2023, to collect AE reports following human consumption of medicinal and edible fruits. Eligible reports should include details on the occurrence, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes of AEs. AEs that were life-threatening or caused death, permanent or severe disability/functional loss, or congenital abnormality/birth defects were classified as serious AEs (SAEs). The causality between the consumption of fruits and AEs was graded as one of four ranks: "certain", "probable", "possible", or "unlikely". RESULTS Thirty AE reports related to the consumption of medicinal and edible fruits were included, involving 12 species of fruits: Crataegi fructus, Gardeniae fructus, Mori fructus, Hippophae fructus, Cannabis fructus, Siraitiae fructus, Perillae fructus, Rubi fructus, Longan arillus, Anisi stellati fructus, Zanthoxyli pericarpium, and Lycii fructus. No AE reports were found for the remaining 18 species. A total of 97 AEs, featuring predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, followed by allergic reactions and neuropsychiatric symptoms, were recorded. Thirty SAEs were noted, with Zanthoxyli pericarpium accounting for the most (14 cases), followed by Perillae fructus (7 cases), Anisi stellati fructus (6 cases), and Gardeniae fructus, Rubi fructus, and Mori fructus (1 case each). Mori fructus was associated with one death. All AEs were concordant with a causality to fruit consumption, judged to be "certain" for 37 cases, "probable" for 53 cases, and "possible" for 7 cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that among medicinal and edible fruits, 12 species have AE reports with a causality ranging from "possible" to "definite". SAEs were not scarce. Most AEs may be associated with an excessive dose, prolonged consumption, or usage among infants or young children. No AE reports were found for the remaining 18 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Liu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianjie Feng
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqi Tian
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Li D, Li X, Zhang X, Chen J, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wu M, Liu L. Geniposide for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review on its biological characteristics, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Chin Med 2024; 19:111. [PMID: 39164773 PMCID: PMC11334348 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence and fatality rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have not only shown a consistent rise that cannot be ignored, but have also become a pressing social health problem that requires urgent attention. While interventional surgery and drug therapy offer significant therapeutic results, they often come with common side effects. Geniposide, an active component extracted from the Chinese medicine Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, shows promise in the management of cardiac conditions. This review comprehensively outlines the underlying pharmacological mechanisms by which geniposide exerts its effects on atherosclerosis. Geniposide exhibits a range of beneficial effects including alleviating inflammation, inhibiting the development of macrophage foam cells, improving lipid metabolism, and preventing platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It also demonstrates mitochondrial preservation, anti-apoptotic effects, and modulation of autophagy. Moreover, geniposide shows potential in improving oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress by maintaining the body's antioxidant and oxidative balance. Additionally, this review comprehensively details the biological properties of geniposide, including methods of extraction and purification, as well as its pharmacokinetics and toxicological characteristics. It further discusses the clinical applications of related biopharmaceuticals, emphasizing the potential of geniposide in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it highlights the limitations of current research, aiming to provide insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China.
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Yan H, Hu Y, Liang J, He K, Kuang X, Liu Q, Zhao L, Yang S. Yinchenhao Decoction mitigates intestinal impairment induced by high carbohydrate diet in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): insights from inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tight junctions, and microbiota homeostasis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01388-5. [PMID: 39066864 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As a major source of energy, carbohydrates have a protein-saving effect. However, excessive consumption of carbohydrates can lead to the disruption of the intestinal barrier in fish, especially for carnivorous fish. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine component Yinchenhao Decoction (YD), was used to detect the effect on intestinal barriers and microbial community equilibrium for largemouth bass in current research. In this research, a series of NC (normal carbohydrate diet) and HC (high carbohydrate diet) with graded YD treatments during 10 weeks feeding trial. Results suggested that 2% and 4% YD treatments significantly reduced gut inflammation and mucosal loss caused by HC. Compared with NC, HC significantly decreased the relative expression of intestinal tight junction-related genes (zo1, claudin1, claudin7, and occludin). However, with the application of YD, the expression of tight junction-related genes (zo1, claudin1, and claudin7) increased significantly (p < 0.05). Likewise, administration of YD significantly reduced elevated plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity caused by HC (p < 0.05). Additionally, YD significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related genes (grp78, atf6, chopα, ire1, xbp1, and eifα) and pro-apoptosis genes (casp3, casp8, and bax) (p < 0.05), while upregulating the anti-apoptosis gene bcl2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, YD significantly increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes and the enzyme activities of CAT and GPX, while decreased MDA concentration significantly (p < 0.05). Whereas, YD markedly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (il1β, tnfα, il8, and nf-κB) and the immune enzymes activity (ACP and AKP) (p < 0.05) by up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (ikb and il10). Notably, YD modulated the largemouth bass intestinal microbial community, enhanced the diversity and increased the abundance of probiotic microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. In summary, YD supplementation in HC alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tight-junction injury, and microbiota disequilibrium in the intestine, which suggested that YD could be a valuable functional additive in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang F, Ning J, Chen C, Li B, Wei Y. Advances in the mechanisms of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in improving diabetes and its complications. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106140. [PMID: 39053745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhi-zi), which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, has been used mainly with its fry fruit for thousands of years, and it is an herb with the homology of medicine and food. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, Zhi-zi can be used for "Quench Xiaoke", meaning for therapying diabetes in modern medicine. Based on numerous pharmacological studies, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhi-zi), and its ingredients, mainly including iridoid glycosides and carotenoids (crocins), possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and can promote insulin secretion and sensitization, stimulate GLP-1 pathway activity, and protect islet β cells and the macro- and microvascular systems. These properties are the primary reasons why Zhi-zi and its ingredients are effective in reducing glucose levels, treating diabetes, and preventing its complications. This review aims to summarize the current situation and the advances of the studies on the mechanisms of Zhi-zi in improving diabetes and its complications, and it is expected to provide useful and systematic references for future research and clinical application of Zhi-zi and its active ingredients in the therapy of diabetes and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junhao Ning
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Boxia Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Javid H, Shaheen I, Qadir RU, Magray JA, Wani BA, Nawchoo IA, Gulzar S. A comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of genus Bistorta (L.) scop. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105977. [PMID: 38697228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The genus Bistorta comprises about 43 accepted species that are widely used by local people and medicinal practitioners for the treatment of rheumatism, tuberculosis, inflammation, respiratory infection, and other diseases. The objective of this review is to present up-to-date information from the scientific literature about the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Bistorta. At present, there is a lack of a comprehensive review that consolidates the various scientific studies conducted on the genus Bistorta. To address this knowledge gap, a global review has been compiled on the genus Bistorta, which emphasizes ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. To gather information about Bistorta, relevant keywords were used to search internet databases including Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Europe PMC, CNKI, and Wiley Online Library. Additionally, published books that provided an overview of existing literature studies were consulted for reference purposes. Chemical structures and formulas of compounds were verified using the PubChem database and drawn using Chem Draw Ultra 6.0. The scientific nomenclature utilized in this review follows The World Flora Online and The Plant of the World Online (PoWo). A comprehensive evaluation of literature sources revealed that the genus Bistorta has been recognized for its ethnomedical properties and has been used in traditional healthcare for several millennia. Chemical analysis has identified various compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids saponins, terpenes, sterols, and coumarins which have been shown to have significant pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant anti-rheumatic and anti-microbial properties. The pharmacological research has only partially validated the traditional and local uses of Bistorta species. Further research is required to investigate the mechanisms of the plant's active compounds, as well as its potential therapeutic applications in treating conditions like diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, there is no clinical evidence to provide the health benefits of these plants. To confirm the pharmacological activities, clinical efficacy, and non-toxicity of Bistorta species, more comprehensive and systematic preclinical studies, and clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Javid
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Ishrat Shaheen
- Biological Invasion Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Roof Ul Qadir
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
| | - Junaid Ahmad Magray
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Wani
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Irshad A Nawchoo
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Shabana Gulzar
- Government College for Womens, Maulana Azad Road, Cluster University Srinagar, J&K, India
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Natallia L, Dama A, Gorica E, Darya K, Peña-Corona SI, Cortés H, Santini A, Büsselberg D, Leyva-Gómez G, Sharifi-Rad J. Genipin's potential as an anti-cancer agent: from phytochemical origins to clinical prospects. Med Oncol 2024; 41:186. [PMID: 38918260 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted aspects of genipin, a bioactive compound derived from medicinal plants, focusing on its anti-cancer potential. The review begins by detailing the sources and phytochemical properties of genipin, underscoring its significance in traditional medicine and its transition into contemporary cancer research. It then explores the intricate relationship between genipin's chemical structure and its observed anti-cancer activity, highlighting the molecular underpinnings contributing to its therapeutic potential. This is complemented by a thorough analysis of preclinical studies, which investigates genipin's efficacy against various cancer cell lines and its mechanisms of action at the cellular level. A crucial component of the review is the examination of genipin's bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, providing insights into how the compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. Then, this review offers a general and updated overview of the anti-cancer studies of genipin and its derivatives based on its basic molecular mechanisms, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and disruption of cancer cell signaling pathways. We include information that complements the genipin study, such as toxicity data, and we differentiate this review by including commercial status, disposition, and regulation. Also, this review of genipin stands out for incorporating information on proposals for a technological approach through its load in nanotechnology to improve its bioavailability. The culmination of this information positions genipin as a promising candidate for developing novel anti-cancer drugs capable of supplementing or enhancing current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapava Natallia
- Medicine Standardization Department of Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus.
| | - Aida Dama
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Zogu I Blvd., 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Zogu I Blvd., 1001, Tirana, Albania
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karaliova Darya
- Medicine Standardization Department of Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Caggiano EG, Taniguchi CM. UCP2 and pancreatic cancer: conscious uncoupling for therapeutic effect. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:777-794. [PMID: 38194152 PMCID: PMC11156755 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an exaggerated dependence on mitochondrial metabolism, but methods to specifically target the mitochondria without off target effects in normal tissues that rely on these organelles is a significant challenge. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has potential as a cancer-specific drug target, and thus, we will review the known biology of UCP2 and discuss its potential role in the pathobiology and future therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Caggiano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Fan X, Zhang K, Wang S, Qi Y, Dai G, Lu T, Mao C. Discrimination between raw and ginger juice processed Fructus Gardeniae based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38806285 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fructus Gardeniae (ZZ), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used in treating patients with jaundice, inflammation, etc. When mixed with ginger juice and stir-baked, ginger juice-processed Fructus Gardeniae (JZZ) is produced, and the chemical compositions in ZZ would be changed by adding the ginger juice. OBJECTIVE To illuminate the differential components between ZZ and JZZ. METHODS HPLC, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose were applied to identify the differential components between ZZ and JZZ. RESULTS HPLC fingerprints of ZZ and JZZ were established, and 24 common peaks were found. The content determination results showed that the contents of shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside and geniposide increased, while the contents of crocin I and crocin II decreased in JZZ. By UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, twenty-six possible common components were inferred, among which 11 components were different. In further investigation, eight components were identified as the possible distinctive non-volatile compounds between ZZ and JZZ. By Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose, four substances were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ. CONCLUSION Shanzhiside, caffeic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, rutin, crocin I, crocin II, and 4-Sinapoyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid were identified as the possible differential non-volatile components between ZZ and JZZ. Aniline, 3-methyl-3-sulfanylbutanol-1-ol, E-3-octen-2-one, and decyl propaonate were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ. This experiment explored a simple approach with objective and stable results, which would provide new ideas for studying decoction pieces with similar morphological appearance, especially those with different odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufang Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiyu Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li M, Chen S, Luo K, Li X, Wang R, Yang J, Peng T, Gao Y. Geniposide from Gardeniae Fructus exerts antipyretic effect in febrile rats through modulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117934. [PMID: 38387681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The desiccative ripe fruits of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) (called Zhizi in China) are known with cold character and the effects of reducing fire except vexed, clearing away heat evil, and cooling blood and eliminating stasis. Zhizi is often clinical formulated to treat various types of fever. Fever is a sign of inflammation and, geniposide from Zhizi has been proved with anti-inflammatory in various inflammatory models. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the antipyretic role of geniposide with three classical inflammatory fever models and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract (WE), high polar part (HP), iridoid glycoside part (IG), and gardenia yellow pigment part (GYP) from Gardeniae Fructus (GF) were obtained from Zhizi. The antipyretic activities of these composes were tested with dry yeast induced fever rats. Geniposide was further purified from IG and the antipyretic activity was evaluated by gavage, intraperitoneal injection, and caudal intravenous injection to rats of fever induced by dry yeast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in rats. Then, the mechanism of geniposide by intragastric administration was studied. The contents of thermoregulatory mediators and inflammatory factors relating to TLR4/NF-κB pathway in serum were determined by ELISA and Western blot, and the pathological changes of the hypothalamus were observed by HE staining. RESULTS The temperature was decreased by geniposide in the three fever model rats. Geniposide can not only inhibit the increase of inflammatory factors in serum but also protect the hypothalamus from fever pathological damage in the three fever models. Western blot showed that geniposide could inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION Geniposide exerts antipyretic effect in febrile rats through modulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Gao M, Meng T, Chen F, Peng M, Li Q, Li L, Yang L, Yan Y, Deng T, Pan X, Luo Z, Yang J, Yang X. Inhibitory effect of Incarvillea diffusa Royle extract in the formation of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis by regulating ROS-induced Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117619. [PMID: 38272103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones are widely acknowledged as the most prevalent type of urinary stones, with high incidence and recurrence rates. Incarvillea diffusa Royle (ID) is a traditionally used medicinal herb in the Miao Minzu of Guizhou province, China, for treating urolithiasis. However, the active components and the underlying mechanism of its pharmacodynamic effects remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory effect of the active component of ID on the formation of CaOx nephrolithiasis and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, a CaOx kidney stone model was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using an ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride protocol for four weeks. Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 8): blank group, model group, apocynin group, and low, medium, and high dose of ID's active component (IDW) groups. After three weeks of administration, rat urine, serum, and kidney tissues were collected. Renal tissue damage and crystallization, Ox, BUN, Ca2+, CRE, GSH, MDA, SOD contents, and levels of IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1, caspase-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in urine, serum, and kidney tissue were assessed using HE staining and relevant assay kits, respectively. Protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, p38, p65, and Toll-4 in kidney tissues was quantified via Western blot. The antioxidant capacities of major compounds were evaluated through DPPH, O2·-, and ·OH radical scavenging assays, along with their effects on intracellular ROS production in CaOx-induced HK-2 cells. RESULTS We found that IDW could significantly reduce the levels of CRE, GSH, MDA, Ox, and BUN, and enhancing SOD activity. Moreover, it could inhibit the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1, caspase-1, and decreased protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, p38, p65, and Toll-4 in renal tissue. Three major compounds isolated from IDW exhibited promising antioxidant activities and inhibited intracellular ROS production in CaOx-induced HK-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS IDW facilitated the excretion of supersaturated Ca2+ and decreased the production of Ox, BUN in SD rat urine, and mitigated renal tissue damage by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Importantly, the three major compounds identified as active components of IDW contributed to the inhibition of CaOx nephrolithiasis formation. Overall, IDW holds significant potential for treating CaOx nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Tengteng Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Faju Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qiji Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Liangqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Lishou Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Yanfang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Tingfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Zhongsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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11
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Xu X, Wang Q, Tong P, Li X, Meng X, Wu Y, Yuan J, Chen H, Gao J. Effects of medicine food homologous materials on food allergy-associated factors: intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation and Th2 immune response. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3936-3946. [PMID: 38268027 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergies could be regulated via Th1/Th2 balance, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, which were considered as food allergy-associated factors. Medicine-food homologous materials (MFHM) were considered as a significant factor with respect to preventing human diseases. To evaluate the associations between MFHM and food allergy-associated factors, two types of MFHM with the remarkable function of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, Gardeniae fructus (Gar) and Sophorae glos (Sop), were chosen. RESULTS By constructing an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model of Caco-2 cells and an intestinal inflammatory cell model of Caco-2 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-13, the contents of anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD and GSH), inflammatory factor (IL-8) and tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-1) in Caco-2 cells were determined. Moreover, the anti-allergic effects of digestive Sop and Gar were evaluated by measuring the levels of Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines in the spleen cells of sensitized mice. The results showed that the SOD and GSH were obviously increased and the gene and protein expression of IL-8 and claudin-1 were improved with the incubation of digested Sop. Th2 cytokine was reduced and Th1/Th2 balance was promoted on coincubation with ovalbumin (OVA) and digested Sop in the splenocytes. However, the digested Gar had no effect. CONCLUSION The digested Sop not only had suppressive effects on intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, but also had regulative effects on Th1/Th2 balance. This finding demonstrated that not all of the MFHM with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have anti-allergic activities. The present study may be contributing toward establishing a screening model to identify the anti-allergic MFHM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
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12
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Cheng W, Tan L, Yu S, Song J, Li Z, Peng X, Wei Q, He Z, Zhang W, Yang X. Geniposide reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cell through PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 by m6A modification. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111820. [PMID: 38508092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may generate excessive oxidative stress, inducing renal cell apoptosis related with kidney dysfunction. Geniposide (GP) belongs to the iridoid compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This study aimed to observe the intervention effect of GP on H2O2-induced apoptosis in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells and to explore its potential mechanism in relation to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation. Cell viability, apotosis rate and cell cycle were tested separately after different treatments. The mRNA and protein levels of m6A related enzymes and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase 3 (AKT3)/forkhead boxo 1 (FOXO1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The whole m6A methyltransferase activity and the m6A content were measured by ELISA-like colorimetric methods. The changes of m6A methylation levels of PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 and SOD2 were determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR. Multiple comparisons were performed by ANOVA with Turkey's post hoc test. Exposed to 400 μmol/L H2O2, cells were arrested in G1 phase and the apoptosis rate increased, which were significantly alleviated by GP. Compared with the H2O2 apoptosis group, both the whole m6A RNA methyltransferase activity and the m6A contents were increased due to GP intervention. Besides, the SOD2 protein was increased, while PI3K and FOXO1 decreased. The m6A methylation level of AKT3 was negatively correlated with its protein level. Taken together, GP affects the global m6A methylation microenvironment and regulates the expression of PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 signaling pathway via m6A modification, alleviating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress in HK-2 cells with a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cheng
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Luyi Tan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Susu Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Qinzhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhini He
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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13
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Noguchi K, Imahori D, Nishiura R, Nuntawong P, Putalun W, Tanaka H, Morimoto S, Sakamoto S. Advanced quality assessment of Sanshishi (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and Kampo medicines using a monoclonal antibody against geniposide. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105829. [PMID: 38278422 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a plant widely used in traditional medicine, is known for its array of biological activities. A key bioactive compound, geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside, significantly contributes to the medicinal properties of the plant, with potential side effects. Thus, a reliable and efficient method for GE detection is required to ensure the quality of medicinal-grade G. jasminoides Ellis. This study developed such a method by first synthesizing GE-bovine serum albumin conjugates to function as immunizing agents in mice. This led to the production of a monoclonal antibody (mAb 3A6) against GE from the fusion of splenocytes from immunized mice with myeloma cells (P3U1), resulting in a hybridoma that produces mAb 3A6. Thereafter, we developed a mAb 3A6-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). The icELISA exhibited satisfactory sensitivity (0.391-12.5 μg/ml) and repeatability (coefficients of variation <10%). The accuracy of this method was validated through a spike-recovery assay (recovery of 101-112%). Furthermore, the icELISA was employed to determine the GE content in plant and Kampo medicine samples. The GE content positively correlated with those determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The proposed icELISA is rapid, cost-effective, and reliable for high-throughput GE detection in G. jasminoides Ellis, thereby contributing to the improved quality control and standardization of this valuable medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Imahori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Riko Nishiura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Poomraphie Nuntawong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Qian H, Hu Y, Wang Z, Ren A, Zhang H, Chu S, Peng H. Comprehensive quality evaluation of different types of Gardeniae Fructus ( Zhizi) and Shuizhizi based on LC-MS/MS. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1346591. [PMID: 38476680 PMCID: PMC10927785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1346591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) serves as both a medicinal and edible substance and finds widespread use in various industries. There are often two kinds of medicinal materials in the market: Zhizi and Shuizhizi. Typically, Zhizi with small, round fruit is used for medicinal purposes, while Shuizhizi, characterized by large, elongated fruit, is employed for dyeing. Market surveys have revealed a diverse range of Zhizi types, and modern research indicates that Shuizhizi contains rich chemical components and pharmacological activities. In this study, we collected 25 batches of Zhizi and Shuizhizi samples, categorizing them based on appearance into obovate and round fruits, with seven length grades (A-G). Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method, we simultaneously quantified 13 main chemical components in fruits of Gardenia species. In addition, we compared the weight percentage of the pericarp, flesh, and seeds parts of samples with different traits, and quantified 13 chemical components in different parts. Results indicated that, aside from a few instances of overlapping fruit size ranges, Shuizhizi generally exhibits larger and longer dimensions than Zhizi. The weight proportion of the Shuizhizi pericarp is often higher than that of the Zhizi pericarp. Quantitative results highlighted significant differences in the chemical component content between Zhizi and Shuizhizi, with Shuizhizi generally containing higher levels of iridoids. The PCA and OPLS-DA analysis distinctly divided Shuizhizi and Zhizi, among which three iridoids, two organic acids, and one flavonoid made significant contributions to their classification. Cluster heatmap analysis also demonstrated complete separation between Zhizi and Shuizhizi, with clear distinctions among Zhizi samples from different origins. The distribution of the 13 chemical components in different Zhizi and Shuizhizi parts remained consistent, with iridoids and pigments concentrated in the seeds and flesh, and two organic acids and one flavonoid enriched in the pericarp. In summary, this study contributes valuable insights for classifying Zhizi and offers guidance on the rational use of Shuizhizi and the different parts of Zhizi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Aoyu Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of DAO-DI Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU57), Beijing, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of DAO-DI Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU57), Beijing, China
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15
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Ahmed R, Ul Ain Hira N, Wang M, Iqbal S, Yi J, Hemar Y. Genipin, a natural blue colorant precursor: Source, extraction, properties, and applications. Food Chem 2024; 434:137498. [PMID: 37741231 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural cross-linkers are extensively employed due to their low toxicity and biocompatibility benefits. Genipin acts as a precursor for producing blue colorants. The formation of these colorants involves the cross-linking reaction between genipin and primary amines present in amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Genipin is extracted from Gardenia jasminoides and Genipa americana. This article explains the cross-linking mechanism of genipin with proteins/polysaccharides to provide an overall understanding of its properties. Furthermore, it explores new sources of genipin and innovative methodologies to make the genipin recovery process efficient. Genipin increases food products' texture, gel strength, stability, and shelf life. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of chitosan, gelatin, alginate, and hyaluronic acid increased after genipin cross-linking. Lastly, drawbacks, toxicity, and directions regarding the genipin cross-linking have also been addressed. The review article covers how to recover and cross-link genipin with biopolymers for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Noor Ul Ain Hira
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
| | - Yacine Hemar
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222. Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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16
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Wang L, Chen S, Liu S, Biu AM, Han Y, Jin X, Liang C, Liu Y, Li J, Fang S, Chang Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and quality control of gardeniae fructus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117397. [PMID: 37956915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardeniae Fructus (GF), the desiccative mature fruitage of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (G. jasminoides), belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It has abundant medicinal value, such as purging fire and eliminating annoyance, clearing heat and diuresis, cooling blood, and detoxifying. GF is usually used in combination with other drugs to treat diseases such as fever and jaundice in damp heat syndrome in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) clinical practice. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress in botany, traditional medical use, processing method, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, which aims to provide a scientific basis for the rational application and future research of GF. MATERIALS AND METHODS ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, Scopus etc. databases were retrieved to gain the comprehensive information of GF. RESULTS At present, more than 215 compounds were isolated and identified from GF, including iridoids, diterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, organic esters, and so on. The traditional application of GF mainly focused on clearing heat and detoxification. Pharmacological studies proved that GF had anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antifatigue, antithrombotic, liver and gallbladder protection, and other pharmacological effects. In addition, many improved processing methods can alleviate the side effects and toxic reactions caused by long-term use of GF, so controlling its quality through multi-component content measurement has become an important means of research. CONCLUSION GF has a wide range of applications, the mechanisms by which some effective substances exert their pharmacological effects have not been clearly explained due to the complexity and diversity of its components. This review systematically elaborates on the traditional medical use, processing method, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, and toxicology of GF, and it is expected to become a candidate drug for treating diseases, such as depression, pancreatitis, alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Suyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Abdulmumin Muhammad Biu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Liu H, Liang S, Zhu M, Shi W, Xu C, Wei W, Zhan R, Ma D. A fused hybrid enzyme of 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase (8HGO) from Gardenia jasminoides and iridoid synthase (ISY) from Catharanthus roseus significantly enhances nepetalactol and iridoid production. PLANTA 2024; 259:62. [PMID: 38319463 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The operation of 8HGO-ISY fusion enzymes can increase nepetalactol flux to iridoid biosynthesis, and the Gj8HGO-CrISY expression in Gardenia jasminoides indicates that seco-iridoids and closed-ring iridoids share a nepetalactol pool. Nepetalactol is a common precursor of (seco)iridoids and their derivatives, which are a group of noncanonical monoterpenes. Functional characterization of an 8HGO (8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase) from Catharanthus roseus, a seco-iridoids producing plant, has been reported; however, the 8HGO from G. jasminoides with plenty of closed-ring iridoids remains uninvestigated. In this work, a Gj8HGO was cloned and biochemically characterized. In addition, the relatively low production of nepetalactol in plants and engineered microbial host is likely to be attributed to the fact that Cr8HGO and CrISY (iridoid synthase) are substrate-promiscuous enzymes catalyzing unexpected substrates to the undesired products. Herein, a bifunctional enzyme consisting of an 8HGO fused to an ISY was designed for the proximity to the substrate and recycling of NADP+ and NADPH cofactor to reduce the undesired intermediate in the synthesis of nepetalactol. Of four fusion enzymes (i.e., Gj8HGO-GjISY, Gj8HGO-GjISY2, Gj8HGO-GjISY4, and Gj8HGO-CrISY), interestingly, only the last one can enable cascade reaction to form cis-trans-nepetalactol. Furthermore, we establish a reliable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. The expression of Gj8HGO-CrISY in G. jasminoides led to a significant enhancement of nepetalactol production, about 19-fold higher than that in wild-type plants, which further resulted in the twofold to fivefold increase of total iridoids and representative iridoid such as geniposide, indicating that seco-iridoids in C. roseus and closed-ring iridoids in G. jasminoides share a nepetalactol pool. All results suggest that 8HGO and ISY can be manipulated to maximize metabolic flux for nepetalactol and iridoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuangcheng Liang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meixian Zhu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dongming Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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18
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Zeng X, Jiang J, Liu S, Hu Q, Hu S, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhang X. Bidirectional effects of geniposide in liver injury: Preclinical evidence construction based on meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117061. [PMID: 37598771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis is widely used to treat liver diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Geniposide, a major active constituent of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, exerts therapeutic effects against liver injury, however, it also induces hepatotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY This meta-analysis was designed to determine the mechanisms of both the hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects of geniposide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The articles analysed in this meta-analysis were primarily obtained from five databases. The 10-item SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. STATA (version 15.1) was used to evaluate the total effect or toxicity sizes. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) dose/time-effect and mechanistic analyses were performed to assess the therapeutic and toxic effects of geniposide. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 479 animals were included. Meta-analysis revealed that geniposide not only significantly (P < 0.001) increased liver injury indices including ALT and AST levels but also improved liver function by decreasing the levels of ALT, AST and inflammatory factors in animal models of liver injury. The 3D dose/time-effect analysis revealed that geniposide administered at a dose of 20-150 mg/kg for 5-28 days effectively protected the liver without inducing toxicity. Mechanistically, geniposide exerts protective or toxic effects by regulating the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway to control oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION Geniposide exhibits dual pharmacological activity in liver injury. It exerts potent hepatoprotective effects when administered at a dose of 20-150 mg/kg for 5-28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jiajie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Simiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sihan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li R, Wang L, Fu Z, He F, Liu E, Han L. Identification strategy of Fructus Gardeniae and its adulterant based on UHPLC/Q-orbitrap-MS and UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS combined with PLS regression model. Talanta 2024; 267:125136. [PMID: 37703778 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the desiccative and ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in the Rubiaceae family, which is a commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing away heat, detoxification, relieving restlessness, and eliminating blood stasis. At the same time, it has also been announced as the first batch of TCM with homology of medicine and food. Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae (FGG), the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai (Rubiaceae), is a common counterfeit herbal medicine of FG, which still appears in the TCM market, and causes a certain degree of confusion. In order to effectively distinguish FG and its adulterant, the compounds in these two species were thoroughly characterized firstly by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). Furthermore, a pseudo-targeted metabonomics method with 60 targeted ion pairs was established based on UHPLC-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS) for discrimination. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that FG and FGG were clustered obviously, and 13 significantly differential markers were screened out by variable importance for projection (VIP) > 1 and p < 0.05 for the construction of the partial least squares (PLS) regression prediction model. The validation of the model proved that its prediction ability was quite satisfactory. Moreover, based on the absolute quantitative analysis of these 13 characteristics, the quality control standards of FG and FFG were established. In summary, an integral method of pseudo-targeted metabonomics combined with chemometrics analysis and a PLS regression model was proposed to provide an effective identification strategy for discrimination FG and FGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China
| | - Rongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Feng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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20
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Zhou Q, Chen B, Xu Y, Wang Y, He Z, Cai X, Qin Y, Ye J, Yang Y, Shen J, Cao P. Geniposide protects against neurotoxicity in mouse models of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease involving the mTOR and Nrf2 pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116914. [PMID: 37451492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Gardeniae, with the effects of discharging fire, eliminating vexation, reducing fever and causing diuresis, and cooling blood to remove apthogentic heat, could be used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Geniposide, as the main active ingredient of Fructus Gardeniae, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several rodent models. Rotenone, a commonly used neurotoxin, induced PD model progresses slowly, but simulates the pathological changes of PD's slow progression. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, we mainly investigated the neuroprotective effects of geniposide on rotenone-induced mouse model of PD and the underlined mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with rotenone (30 mg/kg, p. o.) daily for 60 days. Geniposide (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) were administered at alterative day 30 min before rotenone. On day 60, the challenging beam, spontaneous activity, and adhesive removal tests were performed to evaluate the motor activity. Dopamine, DOPAC and HVA levels were detected by UPLC-MS/MS methods. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining. ROS production, MDA level and GSH: GSSG ratio were measured to analyze oxidative stress. Cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 were detected to assess neuronal apoptosis. The expression of Nrf2 and mTOR signaling were detected using Western blot. RESULTS Geniposide improved motor dysfunction, restored neurotransmitters levels, and attenuated dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by rotenone in mice. Geniposide suppressed rotenone-induced neuronal oxidative damage associated with Nrf2 signaling, and neuronal apoptosis involving mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS Geniposide may exert a neuroprotective effect in a mouse model of PD by rotenone, and this effect might be relevant to Nrf2 associated antioxidant signaling and mTOR involved anti-apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ziheng He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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21
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Jaafar A, Zulkipli MA, Mohd Hatta FH, Jahidin AH, Abdul Nasir NA, Hazizul Hasan M. Therapeutic potentials of iridoids derived from Rubiaceae against in vitro and in vivo inflammation: A scoping review. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101876. [PMID: 38226349 PMCID: PMC10788517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation may develop into chronic, life-threatening inflammation-related diseases if left untreated or if there are persistent triggering factors. Cancer, diabetes mellitus, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders are some of the inflammation-related diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite that, conventional medical therapy such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with serious adverse effects; hence, there is an urgent need for a newer and safer therapeutic alternative from natural sources. Iridoids are naturally occurring heterocyclic monoterpenoids commonly found in Rubiaceae plants. Plant extracts from the Rubiaceae family were demonstrated to have medicinal benefits against neurodegeneration, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, and cancer. However, the therapeutic effects of natural iridoids derived from Rubiaceae as well as their prospective impacts on inflammation in vitro and in vivo have not been thoroughly explored. The databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for pertinent articles in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A total of 31 pertinent articles from in vitro and in vivo studies on the anti-inflammatory potentials of iridoids from Rubiaceae were identified. According to current research, genipin, geniposide, and monotropein are the most researched iridoids from Rubiaceae that reduce inflammation. These iridoids primarily act by attenuating inflammatory cytokines and mediators via inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway in various disease models. A comprehensive overview of the current research on the anti-inflammatory properties of iridoids from the Rubiaceae family is presented in this review, highlighting the characteristics of the experimental models used as well as the mechanisms of action of these iridoids. To develop an alternative therapeutic agent from iridoids, more studies are needed to elucidate the effects and mechanism of action of iridoids in a wide variety of experimental models as well as in clinical studies pertaining to inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah Jaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amal Zulkipli
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fazleen Haslinda Mohd Hatta
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisyah Hasyila Jahidin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mizaton Hazizul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Yang X, Ding W, Chen Z, Lai K, Liu Y. The role of autophagy in insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism and potential use of autophagy modulating natural products in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3762. [PMID: 38287719 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe, long-term condition characterised by disruptions in glucolipid and energy metabolism. Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, serves as a guardian of cellular health by recycling and renewing cellular components. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the vital role that autophagy plays in T2DM, we conducted an extensive search for high-quality publications across databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder and used keywords like 'autophagy', 'insulin resistance', and 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', both individually and in combinations. A large body of evidence underscores the significance of activating autophagy in alleviating T2DM symptoms. An enhanced autophagic activity, either by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1 signalling pathways or inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway, can effectively improve insulin resistance and balance glucolipid metabolism in key tissues like the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, autophagy can increase β-cell mass and functionality in the pancreas. This review provides a narrative summary of autophagy regulation with an emphasis on the intricate connection between autophagy and T2DM symptoms. It also discusses the therapeutic potentials of natural products with autophagy activation properties for the treatment of T2DM conditions. Our findings suggest that autophagy activation represents an innovative approach of treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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23
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Jin C, Wang L, Liu X, Lu Y, Yu N, Nie X, Ye Q, Meng X. Health oil preparation from gardenia seeds by aqueous enzymatic extraction combined with puffing pre-treatment and its properties analysis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:2043-2055. [PMID: 37860735 PMCID: PMC10581964 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a representative for "homology of medicine and food", can be used to produce pigment and edible oil. Here, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) combined with puffing pre-treatment was explored to prepare oil from gardenia seeds. Both wet-heating puffing (WP) at 90 °C and dry-heating puffing (DP) at 1.0 MPa facilitated the release of free oil by AEE, resulting in the highest free oil yields (FOY) of 21.8% and 23.2% within 3 h, much higher than that of un-puffed group. Additionally, active crocin and geniposide were also completely released. The FOY obtained was much higher than mechanical pressing method (10.44%), and close to solvent extraction (25.45%). Microstructure analysis indicated that gardenia seeds expanded by dry-heating puffing (1.0 MPa) had a larger, rougher surface and porous structure than other groups. Overall, AEE coupled with puffing pre-treatment developed is an eco-friendly extraction technology with high efficiency that can be employed to oil preparation. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01319-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Qin Ye
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015 Zhejiang China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
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24
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Dibazar ZE, Zarei M, Mohammadikhah M, Oudah SK, Elyasi M, Kokabi H, Shahgolzari M, Asl LD, Azizy M. Crosslinking strategies for biomimetic hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:2027-2040. [PMID: 38192345 PMCID: PMC10771399 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has become a popular area of study for making biomimetic hydrogels to treat bone diseases. In this work, we looked at biocompatible hydrogels that can be injected into bone defects that require the smallest possible surgery. Mineral ions can be attached to polymer chains to make useful hydrogels that help bones heal faster. These ions are very important for the balance of the body. In the chemically-triggered sector, advanced hydrogels cross-linked by different molecular agents have many advantages, such as being selective, able to form gels, and having mechanical properties that can be modified. In addition, different photo-initiators can be used to make photo cross linkable hydrogels react quickly and moderately under certain light bands. Enzyme-triggered hydrogels are another type of hydrogel that can be used to repair bone tissue because they are biocompatible and gel quickly. We also look at some of the important factors mentioned above that could change how well bone tissue engineering works as a therapy. Finally, this review summarizes the problems that still need to be solved to make clinically relevant hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahimvand Dibazar
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165687386 Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Mohammadikhah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shamam Kareem Oudah
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Milad Elyasi
- Otolaryngology department, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Kokabi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65175-4171 Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65175-4171 Iran
| | - Leila Delnabi Asl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Azizy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Gan Y, Wang C, Xu C, Zhang P, Chen S, Tang L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Jiang S. Simultaneous extraction of crocin and geniposide from gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) by probe-type ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents and their inhibition effects on low density lipoprotein oxidation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106658. [PMID: 37913593 PMCID: PMC10638020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous extraction of crocin and geniposide from gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) was performed by integrating natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Among the eight kinds of NADES screened, choline chloride-1,2-propylene glycol was the most suitable extractant. The probe-type ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction system (pr-UAE-NADES) demonstrated higher extraction efficiency compared with plate-type ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction system (pl-UAE-NADES). Orthogonal experimental design and a modified multi-index synthetic weighted scoring method were adopted to optimize pr-UAE-NADES extraction process. The optimal extraction conditions that had a maximum synthetic weighted score of 29.46 were determined to be 25 °C for extraction temperature, 600 W for ultrasonic power, 20 min for extraction time, and 25% (w/w) for water content in NADES, leading to the maximum yields (7.39 ± 0.20 mg/g and 57.99 ± 0.91 mg/g, respectively) of crocin and geniposide. Thirty-three compounds including iridoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenes in the NADES extract were identified by LC-Q-TOF-MS2 coupled with a feature-based molecular networking workflow. The kinetics evaluation of the conjugated dienes generation on Cu2+-induced low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation via the four-parameter logistic regression model showed that crocin increased the lag time of LDL oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner (15 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL, 45 μg/mL) by 12.66%, 35.44%, and 73.42%, respectively. The quantitative determination for fluorescence properties alteration of the apolipoprotein B-100 exhibited that crocin effectively inhibited the fluorescence quenching of tryptophan residues and the modification of lysine residues caused by reactive aldehydes and malondialdehydes. The pr-UAE-NADES showed significant efficiency toward the simultaneous extraction of crocin and geniposide from gardenia fruits. And this study demonstrates the potential utility of gardenia fruits in developing anti-atherogenic functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Gan
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Chenfeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Shutong Chen
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Junbing Zhang
- Jiangxi Danxia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yingtan 335000, China
| | - Huahao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Shenhua Jiang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; Jiangxi Danxia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yingtan 335000, China.
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Coyago-Cruz E, Moya M, Méndez G, Villacís M, Rojas-Silva P, Corell M, Mapelli-Brahm P, Vicario IM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses. Foods 2023; 12:4066. [PMID: 38002124 PMCID: PMC10671036 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers have played a significant role in society, focusing on their aesthetic value rather than their food potential. This study's goal was to look into flowering plants for everything from health benefits to other possible applications. This review presents detailed information on 119 species of flowers with agri-food and health relevance. Data were collected on their family, species, common name, commonly used plant part, bioremediation applications, main chemical compounds, medicinal and gastronomic uses, and concentration of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds. In this respect, 87% of the floral species studied contain some toxic compounds, sometimes making them inedible, but specific molecules from these species have been used in medicine. Seventy-six percent can be consumed in low doses by infusion. In addition, 97% of the species studied are reported to have medicinal uses (32% immune system), and 63% could be used in the bioremediation of contaminated environments. Significantly, more than 50% of the species were only analysed for total concentrations of carotenoids and phenolic compounds, indicating a significant gap in identifying specific molecules of these bioactive compounds. These potential sources of bioactive compounds could transform the health and nutraceutical industries, offering innovative approaches to combat oxidative stress and promote optimal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Melany Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Obstetricia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Iquique, Luis Sodiro N14-121, Quito 170146, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Michael Villacís
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Mireia Corell
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en la Agricultura (US-IRNAS), Crta. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Isabel M. Vicario
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
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Yang B, Yu N. Traditional Chinese medicine alleviating neuropathic pain targeting purinergic receptor P2 in purinergic signaling: A review. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110800. [PMID: 37913850 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Past studies have suggested that Chinese herbal may alleviate neuropathic pain, and the mechanism might target the inhibition of purinergic receptor P2. This review discusses whether traditional Chinese medicine target P2 receptors in neuropathic pain and its mechanism in order to provide references for future clinical drug development. The related literatures were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Sinomed, and CNKI databases before June 2023. The search terms included"neuropathic pain", "purinergic receptor P2", "P2", "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", and "herb". We described the traditional Chinese medicine alleviating neuropathic pain via purinergic receptor P2 signaling pathway including P2X2/3 R, P2X3R, P2X4R, P2X7R, P2Y1R. Inhibition of activating glial cells, changing synaptic transmission, increasing painful postsynaptic potential, and activating inflammatory signaling pathways maybe the mechanism. Purine receptor P2 can mediate the occurrence of neuropathic pain. And many of traditional Chinese medicines can target P2 receptors to relieve neuropathic pain, which provides reasonable evidences for the future development of drugs. Also, the safety and efficacy and mechanism need more in-depth experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Center for Psychosomatic Medicine,Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health,Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611135, China
| | - Nengwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Wang S, Ge S, Chen Y, Zhou F, Wang J, Chen L, Chen Y, Yu R, Huang L. Acute and subacute hepatotoxicity of genipin in mice and its potential mechanism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21834. [PMID: 38027867 PMCID: PMC10663932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenia, as a medicinal and edible herb, has the pharmacological activity of protecting the liver and cholagogue, but the hepatotoxicity induced by the chemical component genipin (GP) limits its application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute hepatotoxicity of genipin in normal mice and mice with α-naphthalene isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury. The results of the acute study showed that the LD50 of genipin was 510 mg/kg. Genipin exhibited hepatotoxicity in normal and jaundiced mice at doses of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg, which increased with dose. In a 28-day subacute study, the 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dose groups showed some pharmacodynamic effects at 7 days but exhibited hepatotoxicity that increased with time and improved after drug withdrawal. In addition, based on proteomics, the mechanism of liver injury induced by genipin may be related to the disruption of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase system and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. In conclusion, this study showed that genipin hepatotoxicity was time- and dose dependent, but it is worth mentioning that hepatotoxicity was reversible. It is hoped that this study will provide a scientific basis for circumventing the adverse effects of genipin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaikang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Shuchao Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 30012, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 30012, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Yinfang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Riyue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
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Fang CJ, Rong XJ, Jiang WW, Chen XY, Liu YL. Geniposide promotes wound healing of skin ulcers in diabetic rats through PI3K/Akt pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21331. [PMID: 37908704 PMCID: PMC10613912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuously hyperglycation-induced lesion and poor blood flow contributed to the wound incurable and susceptible to infection. About fifteen percent of people with diabetes would develop ulcers during their lifetime, especially on the feet, which could lead to severe tissue destruction and eventual amputation. Various strategies were limited to accelerate wound healing in diabetic patients for high cost and unsatisfied effects. Geniposide is well-known for its anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis in several pathological tissues. This study is to explore the protective effect of geniposide on wound healing rate, inflammatory response, nutritional function and cellular apoptosis in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats was induced by streptozotocin and defined as plasma glucose >300 mg/dl. Western blot and immunostaining technologies were performed to mark and quantify the target proteins. The oral administration of geniposide (200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) could significantly promote wound healing by the increment of lesion retraction in diabetic rats compared to model group. In the apoptotic study of skin wound in diabetic rats, the TUNEL-positive cells were greatly decreased in geniposide subgroups (P < 0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly inhibited by geniposide with the IC50 value of 470 mg/kg, 464 mg/kg and 370 mg/kg body weight respectively, which might be related to the enhancement of the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt proteins. Geniposide enhanced the repairment of skin wound in diabetic rats by inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Juan Fang
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, 330098, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Rong
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, 330098, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Wen Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, 330098, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, 330098, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, 330098, Jiangxi, China
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Jin C, Zongo AWS, Du H, Lu Y, Yu N, Nie X, Ma A, Ye Q, Xiao H, Meng X. Gardenia ( Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) fruit: a critical review of its functional nutrients, processing methods, health-promoting effects, comprehensive application and future tendencies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37882781 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2270530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia fruit (GF) is the mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, boasting a rich array of nutrients and phytochemicals. Over time, GF has been extensively utilized in both food and medicinal contexts. In recent years, numerous studies have delved into the chemical constituents of GF and their associated pharmacological activities, encompassing its phytochemical composition and health-promoting properties. This review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive summary of GF research, covering nutrient content, extraction technologies, and potential health benefits, offering new avenues for future investigations and highlighting its potential as an innovative food resource. Additionally, the review proposes novel industrial applications for GF, such as utilizing gardenia yellow/red/blue pigments in the food industry and incorporating it with other herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. By addressing current challenges in developing GF-related products, this work provides insights for potential applications in the cosmetics, food, and health products industries. Notably, there is a need for the development of more efficient extraction methods to harness the nutritional components of GF fully. Further research is needed to understand the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivities. Exploring advanced processing techniques to create innovative GF-derived products will show great promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ashton Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Phillips Academy Andover, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Qin Ye
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen J, Tang W, Li C, Kuang D, Xu X, Gong Y, Liu F, Gao S. Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular basis of flavonoid accumulation in fructus of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:588. [PMID: 37794356 PMCID: PMC10548582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruits of Gardenia are rich in flavonoids and geniposides, which have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of gardenia peel and kernel at different growth stages, revealed the regulatory network related to flavonoid synthesis, and identified the key regulatory genes. RESULTS The results showed that in terms of flavonoid metabolic pathways, gardenia fruits mainly synthesized cinnamic acid through the phenylpropanoid pathway, and then synthesized flavonoids through the action of catalytic enzymes such as 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and flavanol synthase, respectively. In addition, we found that the metabolomics data showed a certain spatial and temporal pattern in the expression of genes related to the flavonoid metabolism pathway and the relative content of metabolites, which was related to the development and ripening process of the fruit. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study successfully screened out the key genes related to the biosynthesis metabolism of flavonoids in gardenia through the joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. This is of certain significance to the in-depth study of the formation mechanism of gardenia efficacy components and the improvement of quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Weizhuo Tang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding Kuang
- Hunan Yangli Agriculture and Forestry Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.
| | - Song Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Khac Hung N, Quang DN, Quang LD, Minh TT, Dung TN, Duong PQ, Tung NH, Hoang VD. New cycloartane coronalyl acetate and other terpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves of Vietnamese Gardenia philastrei. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3363-3367. [PMID: 35532362 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2074004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical study on the methanolic extract of the leaves of Vietnamese plant Gardenia philastrei Pierre ex Pit. has led to the isolation of a new cycloartane coronalyl acetate (1) together with six known ones, coronlolide methyl ester (2), sootepin D (3), coronalolide (4), coronalolic acid (5), sootepin G (6) and 23-deoxojessic acid (7). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 2 D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopies. These compounds (1-7) were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. The result showed that six compounds (1-6) inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages with their IC50 values ranging from 3.76 - 75.47 µg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the G. philastrei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Khac Hung
- Center For High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Ngoc Quang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Dang Quang
- Institute for Tropical Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Minh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ta Ngoc Dung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quang Duong
- Center For High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Vu Dinh Hoang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Zuo WF, Pang Q, Yao LP, Zhang Y, Peng C, Huang W, Han B. Gut microbiota: A magical multifunctional target regulated by medicine food homology species. J Adv Res 2023; 52:151-170. [PMID: 37269937 PMCID: PMC10555941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between gut microbiota and human health has gradually been recognized. Increasing studies show that the disorder of gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are responsible for their extensive regulatory roles. In addition, naturally derived medicine food homology species with low toxicity and high efficiency have been clearly defined owing to their outstanding physiological and pharmacological properties in disease prevention and treatment. AIM OF REVIEW Based on supporting evidence, the current review summarizes the representative work of medicine food homology species targeting the gut microbiota to regulate host pathophysiology and discusses the challenges and prospects in this field. It aims to facilitate the understanding of the relationship among medicine food homology species, gut microbiota, and human health and further stimulate the advancement of more relevant research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As this review reveals, from the initial practical application to more mechanism studies, the relationship among medicine food homology species, gut microbiota, and human health has evolved into an irrefutable interaction. On the one hand, through affecting the population structure, metabolism, and function of gut microbiota, medicine food homology species maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment and human health by affecting the population structure, metabolism, and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota is also involved in the bioconversion of the active ingredients from medicine food homology species and thus influences their physiological and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lai-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Xu X, Chen B, Zhang J, Lan S, Wu S. Whole-genome resequencing analysis of the medicinal plant Gardenia jasminoides. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16056. [PMID: 37744244 PMCID: PMC10512932 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gardenia jasminoides is a species of Chinese medicinal plant, which has high medicinal and economic value and rich genetic diversity, but the study on its genetic diversity is far not enough. Methods In this study, one wild and one cultivated gardenia materials were resequenced using IlluminaHiSeq sequencing platform and the data were evaluated to understand the genomic characteristics of G. jasminoides. Results After data analysis, the results showed that clean data of 11.77G, Q30 reached 90.96%. The average comparison rate between the sample and reference genome was 96.08%, the average coverage depth was 15X, and the genome coverage was 85.93%. The SNPs of FD and YP1 were identified, and 3,087,176 and 3,241,416 SNPs were developed, respectively. In addition, SNP non-synonymous mutation, InDel mutation, SV mutation and CNV mutation were also detected between the sample and the reference genome, and KEGG, GO and COG database annotations were made for genes with DNA level variation. The structural gene variation in the biosynthetic pathway of crocin and gardenia, the main medicinal substance of G. jasminoides was further explored, which provided basic data for molecular breeding and genetic diversity of G. jasminoides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Shao J, Li T, Zeng S, Dong J, Chen X, Zang C, Yao X, Li H, Yu Y. The structures of two acidic polysaccharides from Gardenia jasminoides and their potential immunomodulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125895. [PMID: 37481185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This study identified two homogeneous acidic polysaccharides from Gardeniae fructus, GJP50-3 and GJP50-4, which exhibited potential immunomodulatory activities in macrophage activation assays, via liquid-chip technology, and in a zebrafish model. Monosaccharide composition analysis and gel permeation chromatography revealed that GJP50-3 and GJP50-4 were composed of Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara in specific ratios and had molecular weights of 91.5 kDa and 140.3 kDa, respectively. Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR analyses, these polysaccharides were identified as typical pectin polysaccharides with methylation degrees of 24.7 % and 21.4 %, respectively. The primary structures of GJP50-3 and GJP50-4 included linear HG domains and branched RG-I domains with arabinans and AG side chains. In vitro, GJP50-3 and GJP50-4 could stimulate NO release and increase the secretion of TNF-α in a RAW 264.7 macrophage model. Luminex liquid suspension chip detection revealed that GJP50-3 significantly promoted the secretion of multiple interleukins [IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13], TNF-α, and chemokines (G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and RANTES). In vivo, these polysaccharides could also increase NO release and neutrophil count in a zebrafish model. These findings suggested that GJP50-3 and GJP50-4 might have the potential to be used as immunomodulators in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junran Shao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Siying Zeng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haibo Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Xu X, Chen B, Zhang J, Lan S, Wu S, Xie W. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed the changes of Geniposide and Crocin content in Gardenia jasminoides fruit. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6851-6861. [PMID: 37392282 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a perennial evergreen shrub of G. jasminoides of Rubiaceae. Geniposide and Crocin are important components in the fruit of G. jasminoides. In addition to being used as medicinal materials, they are also widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. They have high medicinal value, economic value, and ornamental value. However, at present, the utilization rate of G. jasminoides resources is low, mainly focused on germplasm cultivation, primary processing, and clinical pharmacology, and there are few studies on the quality of Gardenia fruit. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on transcriptome sequencing and metabolic group analysis, the morphological and structural changes of Gardenia fruit with young fruit, middle fruit, and ripe fruit were analyzed, and the formation mechanism and content changes of Geniposide and Crocin in Gardenia fruit were studied. The content of Geniposide decreased with the development of fruit, so did the expression of the main structural gene GES, G10H, and IS in its synthesis pathway, while the content of Crocin increased with the development of fruit, and the expression of the main structural gene CCD, ALDH, and UGT in its synthesis pathway also increased. The relationship between the morphological structure of G. jasminoides and the accumulation of Geniposide and Crocin was summarized. CONCLUSIONS This study not only provides a theoretical basis for the mining and utilization of Geniposide and Crocin, but also provides a theoretical basis for genetic background for the identification and cloning of bioactive substances in gardenia fruit in future. At the same time, it provides support for increasing the dual-use value of G. jasminoides and breeding excellent germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
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Choi PG, Park SH, Nirmala FS, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Hahm JH, Seo HD, Ahn J, Ha T, Jung CH. Geniposide-Rich Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Fruit Extract Increases Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1108-1115. [PMID: 36821434 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human life span has been markedly extended since the 1900s, but it has not brought healthy aging to everyone. This increase in life expectancy without an increase in healthspan is a major global concern that imposes considerable health care budgets and degrades the quality of life of older adults. Dietary interventions are a promising strategy to increase healthspan. In this study, we evaluated whether a Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit ethanol extract (GFE) increases the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Treatment with 10 mg/mL GFE increased the life span by 27.1% when compared to the vehicle group. GFE (10 mg/mL) treatment improved healthspan-related markers (pharyngeal pumping, muscle quality, age-pigment, and reactive oxygen species accumulation) and exerted a protective effect against amyloid β 1-42 toxicity. These effects of GFE are related to the inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling and activation of SKN-1/Nrf, thereby promoting the expression of stress resistance-related genes. In addition, treatment with 10 mM geniposide, the most abundant component of GFE, improved healthspan-related markers and increased life span by 18.55% when compared to the vehicle group. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GFE and its component geniposide increase the life span along with healthspan in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong Geun Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Farida S Nirmala
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Soo Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Taeyoul Ha
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Zhang L, Ai Y, Chen Y, Li C, Li P, Chen J, Jiang L, Pan Y, Sun A, Yang Y, Liu Q. Elucidation of Geniposide and Crocin Accumulation and Their Biosysnthsis-Related Key Enzymes during Gardenia jasminoides Fruit Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112209. [PMID: 37299188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides fruits are extensively grown worldwide, with a large harvest, and its major medicinal ingredients are geniposide and crocins. Research on their accumulation and biosynthsis-related enzymes is rare. In this study, the accumulation of geniposide and crocin of G. jasminoides fruits at different developmental stages were clarified by HPLC. The highest cumulative amount of geniposide was 2.035% during the unripe-fruit period, and the highest content of crocin was 1.098% during the mature-fruit period. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was performed. A total of 50 unigenes encoding 4 key enzymes related in geniposide biosynthsis pathways were screened, and 41 unigenes encoding 7 key enzymes in the pathways of crocin were elucidated. It was found that the expression levels of differentially expressed genes of DN67890_c0_g1_i2-encoding GGPS, which is highly related to geniposide biosynthesis, and DN81253_c0_g1_i1-encoding lcyB, DN79477_c0_g1_i2-encoding lcyE, and DN84975_c1_g7_i11-encoding CCD, which are highly related to crocin biosynthesis, were consistent with the accumulation of geniposide and crocin content, respectively. The qRT-PCR results showed that the trends of relative expression were consistent with transcribed genes. This study provides insights for understanding the geniposide and crocin accumulation and biosynthsis during fruit development in G. jasminoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yang Ai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yunzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Peiwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jingzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - An Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Ri MH, Xing Y, Zuo HX, Li MY, Jin HL, Ma J, Jin X. Regulatory mechanisms of natural compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the microglial response in ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154889. [PMID: 37262999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of clinically effective neuroprotective agents for stroke therapy is still a challenging task. Microglia play a critical role in brain injury and recovery after ischemic stroke. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) are based on a unique therapeutic principle, have various formulas, and have long been widely used to treat stroke. Therefore, the active compounds in TCHMs and their underlying mechanisms of action are attracting increasing attention in the field of stroke drug development. PURPOSE To summarize the regulatory mechanisms of TCHM-derived natural compounds on the microglial response in animal models of ischemic stroke. METHODS We searched studies published until 10 April 2023 in the Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: natural compounds, natural products or phytochemicals, traditional Chinese Medicine or Chinese herbal medicine, microglia, and ischemic stroke. This review was prepared according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. RESULTS Natural compounds derived from TCHMs can attenuate the M1 phenotype of microglia, which is involved in the detrimental inflammatory response, via inhibition of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK/STAT, Notch, TLR4, P2X7R, CX3CR1, IL-17RA, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and pro-oxidant enzymes. Additionally, the neuroprotective response of microglia with the M2 phenotype can be enhanced by activating Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, PPARγ, SIRT1, CB2R, TREM2, nAChR, and IL-33/ST2. Several clinical trials showed that TCHM-derived natural compounds that regulate microglial responses have significant and safe therapeutic effects, but further well-designed clinical studies are needed. CONCLUSIONS Further research regarding the direct targets and potential pleiotropic or synergistic effects of natural compounds would provide a more reasonable approach for regulation of the microglial response with the possibility of successful stroke drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Lan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Zhuge X, Jin X, Ji T, Li R, Xue L, Yu W, Quan Z, Tong H, Xu F. Geniposide ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via KEAP1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116626. [PMID: 37187359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi in Chinese) is a traditional medicine used for thousands of years in China, Japan and Korea. Zhizi was recorded in Shennong Herbal, as a folk medicine, it reduces fever and treats gastrointestinal disturbance with antiphlogistic effects. Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside, is an important bioactive compound derived from Zhizi and possesses remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. The pharmacological efficacy of Zhizi is highly related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of geniposide. AIM OF THE STUDY Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disease as a global public health threat. Redox imbalance is an essential factor in the progression and recurrence of UC. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of geniposide on colitis and uncover the underlying mechanisms of geniposide-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study design involved investigating the novel mechanism by which geniposide ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged colonic epithelial cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protective effect of geniposide against colitis was evaluated by histopathologic observation and biochemical analysis of colonic tissues in DSS-induced colitis mice. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of geniposide were evaluated in both DSS-induced colitis mice and LPS-challenged colonic epithelial cells. Immunoprecipitation, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), and molecular docking were performed to identify the potential therapeutic target of geniposide and the potential binding sites and patterns. RESULTS Geniposide ameliorated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis and colonic barrier injury, inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suppressed activation of the NF-κB signaling in colonic tissues of DSS-challenged mice. Geniposide also ameliorated lipid peroxidation and restored redox homeostasis in DSS-treated colonic tissues. In addition, in vitro experiments also showed that geniposide exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, as evidenced by suppressed IκB-α and p65 phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation, and enhanced the phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 in LPS-treated Caco2 cells. ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor, abolished the protective effect of geniposide against LPS-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, geniposide could bind to KEAP1, thereby disrupting the interaction between KEAP1 and Nrf2, preventing Nrf2 from degradation and activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, ultimately suppressing the onset of inflammation caused by redox imbalance. CONCLUSIONS Geniposide ameliorates colitis by activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling, while preventing colonic redox imbalance and inflammatory damage, indicating that geniposide can be considered as a promising lead compound for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
| | - Xiaosheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
| | - Rongzhou Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
| | - Liwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
| | - Weilai Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
| | - Zijiao Quan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
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Ma Y, Xu H, Chen G, Liu W, Ma C, Meng J, Yuan L, Hua X, Ge G, Lei M. Uncovering the active constituents and mechanisms of Rujin Jiedu powder for ameliorating LPS-induced acute lung injury using network pharmacology and experimental investigations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186699. [PMID: 37251341 PMCID: PMC10210165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease with high mortality. Rujin Jiedu powder (RJJD) has been clinically utilized for the treatment of ALI in China, but the active constituents in RJJD and its protective mechanisms against ALI are still unclear. Methodology: ALI mice were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS to test the effectiveness of RJJD in treating ALI. Histopathologic analysis was used to assess the extent of lung injury. An MPO (myeloperoxidase) activity assay was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration. Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential targets of RJJD against ALI. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining were performed to detect apoptotic cells in lung tissues. RAW264.7 and BEAS-2B cells were used to explore the protective mechanisms of RJJD and its components on ALI in vitro. The inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-18) in serum, BALF and cell supernatant were assayed using ELISA. Western blotting was performed to detect apoptosis-related markers in lung tissues and BEAS-2B cells. Results: RJJD ameliorated pathological injury and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of ALI mice and decreased the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and BALF. Network pharmacology investigations suggested that RJJD treated ALI via regulating apoptotic signaling pathways, with AKT1 and CASP3 as crucial targets and PI3K-AKT signaling as the main pathway. Meanwhile, baicalein, daidzein, quercetin and luteolin were identified as key constituents in RJJD targeting on the above crucial targets. Experimental investigations showed that RJJD significantly upregulated the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and Bcl-2, downregulated the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in ALI mice, and attenuated lung tissue apoptosis. Four active constituents in RJJD (baicalein, daidzein, quercetin and luteolin) inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Among these components, daidzein and luteolin activated the PI3K-AKT pathway and downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related markers induced by LPS in BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion: RJJD alleviates the inflammatory storm and prevents apoptosis in the lungs of ALI mice. The mechanism of RJJD in treating ALI is related to the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of RJJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialei Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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He P, Wang H, Cheng S, Hu F, Zhang L, Chen W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Li Z, Jin Y, Liu X, Jia Y. Geniposide ameliorates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via perivascular adipocyte-derived CXCL14. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116532. [PMID: 37149071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for treatment of various diseases, including atherosclerosis by clearing heat and detoxication. Geniposide is considered as the effective compounds responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis against atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of geniposide on atherosclerosis burden and plaque macrophage polarization, with focus on its potential impact on CXCL14 expression by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS ApoE-/- mice fed a western diet (WD) were used to model atherosclerosis. In vitro cultures of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages were used for molecular assays. RESULTS The results revealed that geniposide treatment reduced atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice, and this effect was correlated with increased M2 and decreased M1 polarization of plaque macrophages. Of note, geniposide increased the expression of CXCL14 in PVAT, and both the anti-atherosclerotic effect of geniposide, as well as its regulatory influence on macrophage polarization, were abrogated upon in vivo CXCL14 knockdown. In line with these findings, exposure to conditioned medium from geniposide-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (or to recombinant CXCL14 protein) enhanced M2 polarization in interleukin-4 (IL-4) treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and this effect was negated after CXCL14 silencing in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggest that geniposide protects ApoE-/- mice against WD-induced atherosclerosis by inducing M2 polarization of plaque macrophages via enhanced expression of CXCL14 in PVAT. These data provide novel insights into PVAT paracrine function in atherosclerosis and reaffirm geniposide as a therapeutic drug candidate for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Saibo Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weicong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuling Xu
- College of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuyan Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaoyong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Pingshan General Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan District Medical Healthcare Group), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Boonmuen N, Suksen K, Kaewkittikhun M, Ruknarong L, Silalai P, Saeeng R, Chairoungdua A, Soodvilai S, Tantikanlayaporn D. Genipin Analogue (G300) Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the Suppression of Adipogenic Promoting Factors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1335-1344. [PMID: 37137165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While obesity is a well-known health threatening condition worldwide, effective pharmacological interventions for obesity suppression have been limited due to adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to explore alternative medical treatments for combating obesity. Inhibition of the adipogenesis process and lipid accumulation are critical targets for controlling and treating obesity. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a traditional herbal remedy for various ailments. A natural product from its fruit, genipin, has major pharmacological properties; it is anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. We investigated the effects of a genipin analogue, G300, on adipogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). G300 suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes and adipokines secreted by adipocytes at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM, which effectively reduced the adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. It also improved adipocyte function by lowering inflammatory cytokine secretion and increasing glucose uptake. For the first time, we show that G300 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Boonmuen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, OPS, MHESI, Thailand, https://eht.sc.mahidol.ac.th/
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mintra Kaewkittikhun
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Laongthip Ruknarong
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Patamawadee Silalai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Longhaad Bangsaen Rd., Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Longhaad Bangsaen Rd., Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, OPS, MHESI, Thailand, https://eht.sc.mahidol.ac.th/
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Wang J, Ren C, Jin L, Batu W. Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis attenuates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rat through gut microbiota-short chain fatty acids axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116591. [PMID: 37146846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis (SWP) is a traditional Mongolian medicine used in China. It is composed of Hippophae rhamnoides (berries, 30 g), Aucklandiae costus Falc. (dry root, 25 g), Vitis vinifera F. Cordifolia (berries, 20 g), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (dry root, 15 g), and Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (desiccative ripe fruit, 10 g). It is clinically applied in the treatment of chronic cough, shortness of breath and phlegm, and chest distress. Past studies demonstrated that Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis improved lung inflammation and chronic bronchitis in mice. However, the effect of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats and the underlying action mechanism is not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-COPD effect of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis and investigate whether its ameliorative effect is correlated with the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis on a COPD rat model were established by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and smoking. These effects were then evaluated by monitoring the animal weight, pulmonary function, lung histological alteration, and the levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrotic factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-6, and IL-17). Furthermore, the serum LPS and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran levels were detected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence microplate reader, respectively. Tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin-1) in the small intestine were detected by performing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting to evaluate the intestinal barrier function. The contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of rats were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing was used to investigate the effect of SWP on the gut microbiota of COPD rats. RESULTS Treatment with low and median doses of SWP significantly increased the pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume [FEV] 0.3, forced vital capacity [FVC], and FEV0.3/FVC), decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17 in the lung, and attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung. The low and median doses of SWP shaped the composition of gut microbiota, which increased the abundances of Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Aerococcaceae, increased the productions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and occludin-1 in the small intestine of COPD rats. CONCLUSION SWP improved pulmonary functions and inhibited the inflammatory response by shaping the gut microbiota, increasing SCFA production, and strengthening the intestinal barrier function in rats with COPD induced by LPS and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Chunxiu Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 017099, China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Wuliji Batu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 017099, China.
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Wei Y, Liu C, Li L. Geniposide improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulating metabolism. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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Wang Z, Jin X, Zhang B, Kong J, Deng R, Wu K, Xie L, Liu X, Kang R. Stress stimulation maintaining by genipin crosslinked hydrogel promotes annulus fibrosus healing. J Orthop Translat 2023; 40:104-115. [PMID: 37457311 PMCID: PMC10338907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the repair effect of tissue engineering for annulus fibrosus (AF) injury in stress-stimulation environment. Methods Non-adhesive fibrinogen (Fib) representing the repair with non-stress stimulation and adhesive hydrogel of fibrinogen, thrombin and genipin mixture (Fib-T-G) representing the repair with stress stimulation were prepared to repair the AF lesion. The relationship between adhesion and stress stimulation was studied in rheological measurements, tension tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. The repair effect of stress stimulation was studied in designed acellular AF scaffold models with fissures and defects. The models were repaired by the two different hydrogels, then implanted subcutaneously and cultured for 21 d in rats. Histology and qPCR of COL1A1, COL2A1, aggrecan, RhoA, and ROCK of the tissue engineering of the interface were evaluated afterward. Moreover, the repair effect was also studied in an AF fissure model in caudal disc of rats by the two different hydrogels. Discs were harvested after 21 d, and the disc degeneration score and AF healing quality were evaluated by histology. Result In interfacial stress experiment, Fib-T-G hydrogel showed greater viscosity than Fib hydrogel (24.67 ± 1.007 vs 459333 ± 169205 mPa s). Representative force-displacement and sample modulus for each group demonstrate that Fib-T-G group significantly increased the interfacial stress level and enhanced the modulus of samples, compared with Fib group (P < 0.01). The Fib-T-G group could better bond the interface to resist the loading strain force with the broken point at 1.11 ± 0.10 N compared to the Fib group at 0.12 ± 0.08 N (P < 0.01). Focusing on the interfacial healing in acellular AF scaffold model, compared with Fib + MSCs group, the fissure and defect were connected closely in Fib-T-G + MSCs group (P < 0.01). Relative higher gene expression of COL2A1 and RhoA in Fib-T-G + MSCs group than Fib + MSCs group in AF fissure and AF defect model (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemistry staining showed more positive staining of COL2A1 and RhoA in Fib-T-G + MSCs group than in Fib + MSCs group in both AF fissure and AF defect models. The degree of disc degeneration was more severe in Fib + MSCs group than Fib-T-G + MSCs group in vivo experiment (11.80 ± 1.11 vs 7.00 ± 1.76, P < 0.01). The dorsal AF defect in Fib-T-G + MSCs group (0.02 ± 0.01 mm2) was significantly smaller than that (0.13 ± 0.05 mm2) in Fib + MSCs group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed more positive staining of COL2A1 and Aggrecan in Fib-T-G + MSCs group than in Fib + MSCs group. Conclusion Genipin crosslinked hydrogel can bond the interface of AF lesions and transfer strain force. Stress stimulation maintained by adhesive hydrogel promotes AF healing. The translational potential of this article We believe the effect of stress stimulation could be concluded through this study and provides more ideals in mechanical effects for further research, which is a key technique for repairing intervertebral disc in clinic. The adhesive hydrogel of Fib-T-G+MSCs has low toxicity and helps bond the interface of AF lesion and transfer strain force, having great potential in the repair of AF lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Botao Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Kong
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Ke Wu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Lin Xie
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
| | - Ran Kang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, PR China
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Zhang H, Xu Z, Gao H, Zhang Q. Systematic analysis on the mechanism of Zhizi-Bopi decoction against hepatitis B via network pharmacology and molecular docking. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:463-478. [PMID: 36807721 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zhizi-Bopi decoction (ZZBPD) is a classic herbal formula with wide clinical applications in treating liver diseases including hepatitis B. However, the mechanism needs to be elucidated. METHODS Chemical components of ZZBPD were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS). Then we used network pharmacology to identify their potential targets. Network construction, coupled with protein-protein interaction and enrichment analysis was used to identify representative components and core targets. Finally, molecular docking simulation was conducted to further refine the drug-target interaction. RESULTS One hundred and forty-eight active compounds were identified in ZZBPD, targeting 779 genes/proteins, among which 174 were related to hepatitis B. ZZBPD mainly influences the progression of hepatitis B through the hepatitis B pathway (hsa05161) via core anti-HBV targets (AKT1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, SRC, TNF, MAPK1, and MAPK3). Enrichment analysis indicated that ZZBPD can also potentially regulate lipid metabolism and enhance cell survival. Molecular docking suggested that the representative active compounds can bind to the core anti-HBV targets with high affinity. CONCLUSION The potential molecular mechanisms of ZZBPD in hepatitis B treatment were identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The results serve as an important basis for the modernization of ZZBPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, University Road, Changqing District, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Haojun Gao
- New Zhonglu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ji'nan, 250011, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, University Road, Changqing District, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong Province, China.
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De Tollenaere M, Chapuis E, Martinez J, Paulus C, Dupont J, Don Simoni E, Robe P, Sennelier-Portet B, Auriol D, Scandolera A, Reynaud R. Gardenia jasminoides Extract, with a Melatonin-like Activity, Protects against Digital Stress and Reverses Signs of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054948. [PMID: 36902379 PMCID: PMC10003113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital stress is a newly identified cosmetic stress that is mainly characterized by blue light exposure. The effects of this stress have become increasingly important with the emergence of personal digital devices, and its deleterious effects on the body are now well-known. Blue light has been observed to cause perturbation of the natural melatonin cycle and skin damage similar to that from UVA exposure, thus leading to premature aging. "A melatonin-like ingredient" was discovered in the extract of Gardenia jasminoides, which acts as a filter against blue light and as a melatonin-like ingredient to prevent and stop premature aging. The extract showed significant protective effects on the mitochondrial network of primary fibroblasts, a significant decrease of -86% in oxidized proteins on skin explants, and preservation of the natural melatonin cycle in the co-cultures of sensory neurons and keratinocytes. Upon analysis using in silico methods, only the crocetin form, released through skin microbiota activation, was found to act as a melatonin-like molecule by interacting with the MT1-receptor, thus confirming its melatonin-like properties. Finally, clinical studies revealed a significant decrease in wrinkle number of -21% in comparison to the placebo. The extract showed strong protection against blue light damage and the prevention of premature aging through its melatonin-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane De Tollenaere
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Emilie Chapuis
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Jessy Martinez
- R&D Department, Naturex France Avignon (Givaudan), 250 Rue Pierre Bayle, 84140 Avignon, France
| | - Chantal Paulus
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Joran Dupont
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Eglantine Don Simoni
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Robe
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Daniel Auriol
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Scandolera
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Romain Reynaud
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Ge H, Li J, Xu Y, Xie J, Karim N, Yan F, Mo J, Chen W. Ameliorative effect of Fructus Gardeniae against lipotoxicity associated hepatocytes injury through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Li HY, Tian ML, Wang CL, Zhou JF, Wang ZG, Zhang W, Qi XJ, Duan L. A novel Thermo-responsive hydrogel system (THS) loaded with the active ingredient of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis exhibits anti-depressant effects in vivo via intranasal administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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