1
|
Araújo PS, Caixeta MB, Nunes EDS, Gonçalves BB, Rocha TL. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Croton urucurana and their toxicity in freshwater snail species Biomphalaria glabrata. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107224. [PMID: 38643822 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Green silver nanoparticles (G-Ag NPs) have contributed to the development of ecological technologies with low environmental impact and safer for human health, as well as demonstrating potential for the control of vectors and intermediate hosts. However, knowledge about its toxicity in the early stages of gastropod development remains scarce. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the toxicity of G-Ag NPs synthesized from Croton urucurana leaf extracts in snail species Biomphalaria glabrata, which is an intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni parasite. G-Ag NPs were synthesized using two types of plant extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) and characterized using multiple techniques. Bioassays focused on investigating G-Ag NPs and plant extracts were carried out with embryos and newly hatched snails, for 144 h and 96 h, respectively; toxicity was analyzed based on mortality, hatching, development inhibition, and morphological changes. Results have shown that both G-Ag NPs were more toxic to embryos and newly hatched snails than the investigated plant extracts. G-Ag NPs deriving from aqueous extract have higher molluscicidal activity than those deriving from hydroethanolic extract. Both G-Ag NPs induced mortality, hatching delay, development inhibition, and morphological changes (i.e., hydropic embryos), indicating their molluscicidal activities. Moreover, embryos were more sensitive to G-Ag NPs than newly hatched snails. Thus, the toxicity of G-Ag NPs to freshwater snails depends on the type of extracts and the snail's developmental stages. These findings can contribute to the development of green nanobiotechnologies applicable to control snails of medical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sampaio Araújo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maxwell Batista Caixeta
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Eloiza da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Materials and Electroanalytics, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bastos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang ZY, Liu CJ, Niu Q, Yan XY, Xiao D, Zhang HL, Huang CQ, Shi SL, Zuo AX, He HP. In Vitro Hypoglycemic Diterpenoids from the Roots of Croton yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:199-208. [PMID: 36635870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen compounds including nine new diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Croton yunnanensis. By HRESIMS, NMR, ECD data, and X-ray diffraction analysis, the new compounds were characterized as eight neo-clerodane diterpenes (compounds 1-8) and one 15,16-dinor-ent-pimarane diterpene (9). All diterpenes were assayed for their hypoglycemic activities. Compounds 1-4, 6, 7, and 10 promoted glucose uptake activity in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compounds 1 and 6 showed insulin sensitizing activity, potentiating conspicuously their glucose uptake activity at a concentration of 20 μM when treated synergistically with low-concentration insulin at 1 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Jiang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research on Ethnic Medicine in Colleges of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jiang Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Niu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Xiao
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qiu Huang
- Yunnan Phytopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kunming 650505, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Shi
- College of Chemical Biology & Enviromeny, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xue Zuo
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping He
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research on Ethnic Medicine in Colleges of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan J, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Yang Y, Hu M, Yu H. Deuterohemin-Ala-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHP-6) Mimicking Enzyme as Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Material for Periodontitis Therapy. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040240. [PMID: 36546940 PMCID: PMC9775017 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by plaque microorganisms. In the clinic, antibiotic assistant periodontal mechanical therapy is the most effective therapy for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the drug resistance of the antibiotics and the repeated coming and diminishing of the disorder of oxidation-reduction balance in the inflammatory tissue could not meet the high requirements for periodontic health control in long periods. Deuterohemin-ala-his-thr-val-glu-lys (DhHP-6) is a biomimetic oxidase-mimicking enzyme that simulates the reactive oxygen radical scavenger function of heme by synthesizing the new molecular material following the key structure and amino acid sequence of heme. In this article, we report the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DhHP-6 by building a inflammatory model for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) stimulated by lipolysaccharide (LPS) and its effects on periodontitis in Wistar rats. DhHP-6 reduced the oxidative stress of HGFs by increasing the amount of the reductase species of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) while decreasing the amount of oxidase species of malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). DhHP-6 had a dose-dependent protective effect on alveolar bone absorption in rats with periodontitis, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced inflammation. As determined by Micro-CT scanning, DhHP-6 reduced alveolar bone loss and improved the bone structure of the left maxillary first molar of rats. There were no obvious morphological and histological differences in the rat organs with or without DhHP-6 treatment. These results suggest that DhHP-6 can be used to treat periodontitis by increasing the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants in systemic and local tissues, thereby reducing levels of oxidation products and cyto-inflammatory factors. The synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DhHP-6 suggest that there are promising applications of this biomimetic enzyme molecular material for the next generation of agents for periodontitis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Min Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Min Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huimei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarandy MM, Gusmão LJ, Purgato GA, Píccolo MS, Pinto da Matta SL, Pizziolo VR, Diaz-Munoz G, Nogueira Diaz MA. Hydroalcoholic extract of Remijia ferruginea accelerates the closure of skin wounds by modulating tissue morphology and antioxidant profile: An in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115464. [PMID: 35714880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Remijia ferruginea DC. (Rubiaceae) (syn. Cinchona ferruginea A.St.-Hil.) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, fever and malaria. AIM This study investigated in vitro the proliferative and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of R. ferruginea (HERF) and in vivo the healing effect of ointment based on HERF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant extract was characterized by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cell proliferation assays and in vitro antioxidant activity were performed. In in vivo assays, wound contraction ax was evaluated, as well as histological analyzes such as cellularity, proportion of blood vessels and collagen type I and III index. In addition, analyzes of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GST were performed. RESULTS Our results showed in the chromatographic analysis that catechin, rutin and quercetin were the main phenolic compounds in the plant extract and may be responsible for the antioxidant and proliferative effects (p < 0.05). In addition, these compounds were found in higher concentration in leaves collected in spring. The ointment containing HERF was able to modulate tissue morphology, increasing cell proliferation, blood vessels, being able to stimulate the production of collagen fibers type I and III, (p < 0.05) contributing to scar tissue maturation and resistance. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the three doses of HERF tested (1%, 3% and 5%) can modulate the skin repair process, but the best effects were observed after exposure to the highest dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Leandro José Gusmão
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Aparecida Purgato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Mayra Soares Píccolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Virgínia Ramos Pizziolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gaspar Diaz-Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Skin Regenerative Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Plants of the Brassicaceae Family: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Evidence (Biological Activities Brassicaceae Skin Diseases). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071346. [PMID: 35883837 PMCID: PMC9312357 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family constitutes some of the most well-studied natural products in the world, due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and pro-regenerative properties as well as their ubiquitous distribution across the world. To evaluate the potential efficacy of the Brassicaceae family in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders and wounds, based on preclinical evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines, using a structured search on the PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science platforms. The studies included were those that used murine models and in vitro studies to investigate the effect of Brassicaceae on skin disorders. Bias analysis and methodological quality assessments were examined through SYRCLE’s RoB tool. Brassicaceae have shown positive impacts on inflammatory regulation of the skin, accelerating the wound healing process, and inhibiting the development of edema. The studies showed that the Brassicaceae family has antioxidant activity and effects on the modulation of cyclooxygenase 2 and the nuclear factor kappa β (NFκβ) pathway. The secondary metabolites present in Brassicas are polyphenols (68.75%; n = 11), terpenes/carotenoids (31.25%; n = 5), and glycosylates (25%; n = 4), which are responsible for their anti-inflammatory, healing, and antioxidant effects. In addition, the current evidence is reliable because the bias analysis showed a low risk of bias. Our review indicates that compounds derived from Brassicaceae present exceptional potential to treat inflammatory skin diseases and accelerate cutaneous wound healing. We hope that our critical analysis can help to expedite clinical research and to reduce methodological bias, thereby improving the quality of evidence in future research. The registration number on the Prospero platform is CRD42021262953.
Collapse
|
6
|
Auth PA, da Silva GR, Amaral EC, Bortoli VF, Manzano MI, de Souza LM, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Croton urucurana Baill. Ameliorates Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886122. [PMID: 35668935 PMCID: PMC9164250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects a quarter of the worldwide population, but no drug therapies have yet been developed. Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal species, that is, widely distributed in Brazil. It is used in popular medicine to treat gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine system diseases. However, its hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects have not yet been scientifically investigated. Aim of the study: The present study investigated the effects of an extract of C. urucurana in a rat model of MAFLD that was associated with multiple risk factors, including hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia. Material and Methods: The phytochemical composition of C. urucurana was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spontaneously hypertensive rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day for 10 weeks). During the last 5 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control [C-] group), C. urucurana extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin + enalapril (two standard reference drugs that are commonly used to treat dyslipidemia and hypertension, respectively). One group of rats that were not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated (basal group). Blood was collected for the analysis of cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was also processed for antioxidant and histopathological analysis. Results: The main constituents of the C. urucurana extract were flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. The model successfully induced MAFLD, reflected by increases in AST and ALT levels, and induced oxidative stress in the C- group. Treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg) and simvastatin + enalapril decreased plasma and hepatic lipid levels. In contrast to simvastatin + enalapril treatment, C. urucurana reduced AST and ALT levels. Massive lesions were observed in the liver in the C- group, which were reversed by treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg). Conclusion:C. urucurana extract exerted promising hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects in a preclinical rat model of MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Carolina Amaral
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Victor Fajardo Bortoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Post-Graduate in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bernardes AL, Moraes LFDS, Cruz BCDS, Conceição LLD, de Oliveira LL, Sarandy MM, Gonçalves RV, Peluzio MDCG. Hibiscus ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) supplementation increases butyrate synthesis and reduces inflammatory cells, attenuating the formation of aberrant crypt foci in BALB/c mice induced to pre-neoplastic lesions. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-33. [PMID: 35437128 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer involves some morphological changes, and in the initial stage, pre-neoplastic lesions called aberrant crypt foci (ACF) appear. Thus, an intervention with sources of bioactive compounds such as Hibiscus sabdariffa L., rich in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, could attenuate the risk of developing these lesions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 5% and 10% supplementation of dehydrated H. sabdariffa calyces (DHSC) during the development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced preneoplastic lesions in male BALB/c mice. The characterization of DHSC was carried out. The in vivo experiment lasted 12 weeks, and the animals were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: the control group (CON) and the supplemented groups with 5% DHSC and 10% DHSC. The activities of liver enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were determined. In addition, ACF, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), presence of inflammatory infiltrates, goblet cells and leukocytes in the colonic mucosa were quantified. There was a significant reduction in ACF and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the colon of animals in groups 5DHSC and 10DHSC. In addition, the 10DHSC group showed an increase in the activity of the catalse enzyme, in the production of butyrate and in the presence of NK cells in the colon, in addition to more hypertrophied goblet cells. Based on these findings, it is suggested that DHSC supplementation may be recommended to attenuate cellular responses in the early stage of preneoplastic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Ladeira Bernardes
- Department of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Department of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariaurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Multiple Risk Factors for Heart Disease: A Challenge to the Ethnopharmacological Use of Croton urucurana Baill. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6580458. [PMID: 34819983 PMCID: PMC8608512 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6580458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Croton urucurana Baill. is a native Brazilian tree, popularly known as "sangra-d'água" or "sangue-de-dragão," based on the red resinous sap of the trunk. Its use has been transmitted through generations based on popular tradition that attributes analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties to the tree. However, its cardioprotective effects have not yet been scientifically investigated. Thus, the present study investigated the pharmacological response to an ethanol-soluble fraction from the leaves of C. urucurana in Wistar rats exposed to smoking and dyslipidemia, two important cardiovascular risk factors. The extract was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Wistar rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day for 10 weeks). During the last 5 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control group), C. urucurana extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg) + enalapril (15 mg/kg). One group of rats that was not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated (basal group). Electrocardiograms and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were measured. Blood was collected to measure total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine. The heart and kidneys were collected and processed for oxidative status and histopathological evaluation. The phytochemical analysis revealed different classes of flavonoids and condensed tannins. The model induced dyslipidemia and cardiac and renal oxidative stress and increased levels of urea and creatinine in the negative control group. Treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg) and simvastatin + enalapril decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In contrast to simvastatin + enalapril treatment, the C. urucurana extract exerted cardiac and renal antioxidant effects. No alterations of electrocardiograms, blood pressure, or histopathology were observed between groups. These findings indicate that C. urucurana exerts lipid-lowering, renal, and cardioprotective effects against oxidative stress in a preclinical model of multiple risk factors for heart disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Freitas RMP, Linhares BS, Oliveira JM, Leite JPV, da Matta SLP, Gonçalves RV, Freitas MB. Tebuconazole-induced toxicity and the protective effect of Ficus carica extract in Neotropical fruit-eating bats. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129985. [PMID: 33640742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a triazole fungicide widely used in agriculture known to cause metabolic and endocrine disorders in mammals. Several plant extracts have shown to be beneficial against pesticide effects due to their hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As fruit bats play a critical role in rainforest regeneration and are constantly exposed to pesticides, we aimed at evaluating TEB-induced toxicity and the possible protective effect of the Ficus carica plant extract in Neotropical fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus). Bats were captured and assigned to 4 experimental groups, offered: 1) CTL (n = 6): papaya; 2) DMSO (n = 6): papaya treated with 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); 3) TEB (n = 6): papaya treated with tebuconazole (commercial formulation) 0.1%; and 4) TEBFC (n = 6): papaya treated with tebuconazole 0.1% and Ficus carica extract (20%) in DMSO (1.25%). After seven days of exposure, TEB bats showed increased lipid peroxidation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, vascular congestion and inflammatory infiltrate in the liver, and increased serum transaminase enzyme activities. We found the same alterations in oxidative stress parameters in the breast muscles of TEB-exposed bats. In the testes, all oxidative stress markers were increased in TEB bats and corroborate findings of histopathological and increased serum testosterone levels observed following TEB exposure. The co-administration of the fungicide with the F. carica plant extract attenuated most oxidative stress markers in exposed bats' liver and testes and decreased liver damage, but failed to revert the steroid imbalance caused by the fungicide exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata M P Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara S Linhares
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jerusa M Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Histology and Embryology Sector, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - João Paulo V Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariella B Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|