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Cavalcanti MB, Silva IDCGD, Lamarca F, de Castro IRR. Research on commercial milk formulas for young children: A scoping review. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13675. [PMID: 38956436 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A scoping review of publications about commercial milk formulas intended for or consumed by children 12-36 months (CMF 12-36) was conducted. This review aimed to comprehensively map the existing literature, identify key concepts in the field and understand its evolution through time. A total of 3329 articles were screened and 220 were included, published between 1986 and 2024. Most works were published after 2016 (70.0%) and in high-income countries (71.8%). Original studies were the vast majority (81.8%) of publications. Most publications dealt with feeding practices or analysed the composition and/or contamination of specific products (44.1% and 35.9%), but since the late 2000s, publications about marketing, policy, legislation, and consumer perception started to appear. Most published works (65.5%) did not focus exclusively on CMF 12-36 and included formulas for other demographics or other foods. About half of the works (55.5%) did not consider CMF 12-36 to be a breast milk substitute. We found 81 distinct product denominations used to refer to CMF 12-36, Growing Up Milk was the most common (25.9%). CMF industry was involved in 41.8% of all analysed works, and industry participation and funding were not always clearly informed (22.5% lacked a conflict of interest statement, and 25.5% did not present any information about funding). In the last decade, publications about CMF 12-36 have increased in volume and diversified in scope and subject matter. CMF-industry participation has always been and still is present in the field, so possible vested interests should be taken into account when appreciating the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Lamarca
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Ghaffour D, Leufroy A, Jitaru P. Experimental design optimisation and validation by accuracy profile of a novel method for Hg speciation analysis by HPLC-ICP-MS and application to Total Diet Studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05371-0. [PMID: 38953918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the development and validation of an analytical method for speciation analysis of mercury (inorganic/Hg2+ and methylmercury/CH3Hg+) in fishery products. The Hg species are separated by reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The effective separation of Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ was achieved in <8 min using a peptide mapping RP column and a mobile phase containing 2-mercaptoethanol at 0.25% (v/v) and methanol at 1% (v/v). The optimization was carried out using an experimental design through response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD), addressing both the HPLC separation and the sample extraction. The method validation was carried out based on the accuracy profile approach. For this purpose, six series of measurements were carried out in duplicate over a time span of 2 months. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 2.5 µg/kg (wet weight, ww) for CH3Hg+ and 1.2 µg/kg (ww) for Hg2+. The intermediate reproducibility in terms of coefficient of variation (CVR) was <6%. The bias (%) obtained for the analysis of four certified reference materials (CRMs), namely TORT-3 (lobster hepatopancreas), SRM 1566-b (oyster tissue), SQID-1 (cuttlefish) and NMIJ CRM 7402-a (cod fish tissue) was <7%. This demonstrates the method robustness and suitability for routine speciation analysis of CH3Hg+ and Hg2+ in fishery products. The method is intended to be applied for the analysis of the panel of fishery products and fish-based foods in the framework of the (ongoing) third French Total Diet Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djaber Ghaffour
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Axelle Leufroy
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Petru Jitaru
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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TatahMentan M, Nyachoti S, Godebo TR. Elemental composition of toxic and essential elements in rice-based baby foods from the United States and other countries: A probabilistic risk analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114677. [PMID: 38641042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of rice-based foods provides essential nutrients required for infants and toddlers' growth. However, they could contain toxic and excess essential elements that may affect human health. The study aims to determine the composition of rice-based baby foods in the USA and outside and conduct a multiple-life stages probabilistic exposure and risk assessment of toxic and essential elements in children. Elemental concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in thirty-three rice-based baby foods. This includes 2 infant formulas, 11 rice baby cereals, and 20 rice snacks produced primarily in the United States, China, and other countries. A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to assess risks of adverse health effects. Results showed that infant formula had higher median concentrations of selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) compared to rice baby cereal and rice snacks. On the contrary, rice snacks had the highest median concentration of Arsenic (As) (127 μg/kg) while rice baby cereals showed the highest median concentration of Cd (7 μg/kg). A higher lifetime estimated daily intake was observed for samples manufactured in the USA compared to those from China and other countries. Hazard quotient (HQ < 1) values were suggestive of minimal adverse health effects. However, lifetime carcinogenic risk analysis based on total As indicated an unacceptable cancer risk (>1E-04). These findings show a need for ongoing monitoring of rice-based foods consumed by infants and toddlers as supplementary and substitutes for breast milk or weaning food options. This can be useful in risk reduction and mitigation of early life exposure to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mom TatahMentan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Syprose Nyachoti
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Tewodros Rango Godebo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Jazmin Hidalgo M, Mendoza A, González LT, Longoria Rodríguez F, Casimiro Goicoechea H, Gerardo Pellerano R. Measuring trace element fingerprinting for cereal bar authentication based on type and principal ingredient. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100744. [PMID: 37397223 PMCID: PMC10314195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a method for determining the authenticity of commercial cereal bars based on trace element fingerprints. In this regard, 120 cereal bars were prepared using microwave-assisted acid digestion and the concentrations of Al, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn were later measured by ICP-MS. Results confirmed the suitability of the analyzed samples for human consumption. Multielemental data underwent autoscaling preprocessing for then applying PCA, CART, and LDA to input data set. LDA model accomplished the highest classification modeling performance with a success rate of 92%, making it the suitable model for reliable cereal bar prediction. The proposed method demonstrates the potential of trace element fingerprints in distinguishing cereal bar samples according to their type (conventional and gluten-free) and principal ingredient (fruit, yogurt, chocolate), thereby contributing to global efforts for food authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pérez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico
| | - Melisa Jazmin Hidalgo
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), UNNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Ave. Libertad 5400, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Alberto Mendoza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico
| | - Lucy T. González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico
| | - Francisco Longoria Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Apodaca 66628, N.L., Mexico
| | - Héctor Casimiro Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Roberto Gerardo Pellerano
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), UNNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Ave. Libertad 5400, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
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Ibrahim C, Kammouni Z, Barake M, Kassir M, Al-Jawaldeh A, Matta J, Sacre Y, Hanna-Wakim L, Haddad J, Hoteit M. Pediatric Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Aluminum from Infant Formulas and Children under the Age of Five's Food Products among Arab Infants: Experience from Lebanon. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162503. [PMID: 36010503 PMCID: PMC9407326 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic dietary aluminum (Al) exposure can have various negative effects on health. The aim of our study is to (1) assess the contamination level of Al in infant formulas (n = 41) and baby food products (n = 76) available in the Lebanese market, and to (2) evaluate the margin of exposure of Al through the consumption of these foods among children under the age of five in Lebanon. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used to evaluate all of the samples. Al levels in all tested children’s food items were below the limit of detection. The highest Al level was detected in cornflakes (0.361 ± 0.049 mg/kg) and pureed foods (0.362 ± 0.079 mg/kg). Among infants aged 0−23 months, the average Al exposure due to the daily intake of infant formulas and baby foods was 0.01 and 0.0104 mg/kg BW/day for males and females, respectively. Babies aged 8−10 and 3−5 months had the highest and lowest levels of Al exposure, respectively. Additionally, the toxicological contribution of Al exposure determined for several age groups to a provisional tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) set by JECFA was <6% and <7% for males and females, respectively. The total Al exposure through the consumption of infant formulas and complementary foods among all ages in both males and females was below the values of weekly tolerable intakes (2 mg/kg/BW/W) set by JECFA. However, the values of hazard quotient (HQ) exceeded 1 in both male and female Lebanese infants. As a result, the risk of infants being exposed to Al in baby foods needs to be continuously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ibrahim
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadath 6573, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition prOgram Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Kammouni
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Maryam Barake
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Mounir Kassir
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Joseph Matta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O. Box 11-5076, Riad Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Industrial Research Institute, Lebanese University Campus, Hadath 6573, Lebanon
| | - Yonna Sacre
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
| | - Lara Hanna-Wakim
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
| | - Joyce Haddad
- Directorate of Preventive Healthcare, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Maha Hoteit
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition prOgram Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Correspondence:
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Başaran B. Assessment of Aluminum via Baby Foods Consumption in Turkey: Estimated Early-Life Dietary Exposure and Target Hazard Quotient. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3892-3901. [PMID: 34661845 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on infant formulas and baby biscuits, which have an important place in the nutrition of the most vulnerable individuals, namely babies. In this sense, the aluminum levels of 64 different baby foods, retrospectively consumed by 348 babies for dietary recall 24 h, were determined by ICP-MS. Then, the exposure resulting from the consumption of these foods was calculated via a deterministic model, and a risk assessment was made. Aluminum levels of infant formulas and baby biscuits that are of higher values compared to other studies were found in the range of 718-6987 and 1803-15,479 μg/kg, respectively. Aluminum exposure was calculated as 8.02, 7.28, 4.03, and 4.08 μg/kg bw/day in babies aged 0-6, 7-12, 13-24, and 25-36 months, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between different age groups according to the total aluminum exposure levels. The toxicological contribution of aluminum exposure is quite limited (< 6.0% of PTWI). THQ values were calculated as 10-20 for babies aged 0-36 months. Therefore, THQ values indicate a potential health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Başaran
- Department of Travel, Tourism and Recreation Services, Ardeşen Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey.
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Abstract
Arsenic poisoning constitutes a major threat to humans, causing various health problems. Almost everywhere across the world certain “hotspots” have been detected, putting in danger the local populations, due to the potential consumption of water or food contaminated with elevated concentrations of arsenic. According to the relevant studies, Asia shows the highest percentage of significantly contaminated sites, followed by North America, Europe, Africa, South America and Oceania. The presence of arsenic in ecosystems can originate from several natural or anthropogenic activities. Arsenic can be then gradually accumulated in different food sources, such as vegetables, rice and other crops, but also in seafood, etc., and in water sources (mainly in groundwater, but also to a lesser extent in surface water), potentially used as drinking-water supplies, provoking their contamination and therefore potential health problems to the consumers. This review reports the major areas worldwide that present elevated arsenic concentrations in food and water sources. Furthermore, it also discusses the sources of arsenic contamination at these sites, as well as selected treatment technologies, aiming to remove this pollutant mainly from the contaminated waters and thus the reduction and prevention of population towards arsenic exposure.
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Shen C, Zhao X, He C, Zuo Z. Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity assessment of R-, S-, and RS-propylene glycol enantiomers in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30537-30547. [PMID: 35000155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Propylene glycol (PG) is widely used in the foods, pharmaceuticals, oil industry, animal feed, cosmetics and other industries. Because of the existence of a chiral carbon center, PG forms R (Rectus)- and S (Sinister)-enantiomers. Currently, the toxicity study of its R-, S-enantiomers is still very scarce. In this study, we have assessed the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of the R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers in zebrafish larvae. We found that exposure to R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers did not significantly affect the basic developmental endpoints of embryos or larvae (i.e., embryonic movement, hatching, mortality, malformation, heartbeat, body length), indicating that R-, S-, and RS-PG exposures did not exhibit the basic developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. The toxicity of three enantiomers was lower than that of ethanol, and there was no significant difference between them. However, R-, S-, and RS-PG exposures with high doses could significantly change the eye diameter and locomotor activity of larval zebrafish, indicating that R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers of high doses could potentially exhibit the neurotoxicity and ocular developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, the potential neurotoxicity and ocular developmental toxicity of R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers for infants and toddlers should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
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Boon PE, Pustjens AM, Te Biesebeek JD, Brust GMH, Castenmiller JJM. Dietary intake and risk assessment of elements for 1- and 2-year-old children in the Netherlands. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112810. [PMID: 35031389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, a total diet study (TDS) was conducted in the Netherlands to determine the intake of elements by 1- and 2-year-old children. Concentrations of 47 elements were analysed and long-term dietary intake was calculated for 24 elements. The 95th percentile (P95) intake estimates were compared with a tolerable daily or weekly intake (TDI or TWI) or tolerable upper intake level (UL), or a margin of exposure (MOE) was calculated. The P95 intake of cadmium and zinc exceeded the TWI or UL, respectively, and the P95 intake of inorganic arsenic and lead resulted in low MOEs. Food subgroups contributing most to the intake were "potatoes" for cadmium, "milk and milk-based beverages" for zinc, "concentrated fruit juices" and "rice" for inorganic arsenic, and "candies" for lead. For inorganic mercury, it could not be established if the intake was (too) high. P95 intake estimates of the other elements for which a risk characterisation could be performed were below the health-based guidance values. It was noted that the P50 intake estimate of manganese was a factor of 3 higher than the adequate intake level. Due to the absence of a UL, it is not clear if this intake is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Boon
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3729, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - A M Pustjens
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J D Te Biesebeek
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3729, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - G M H Brust
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J J M Castenmiller
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Rebellato AP, Silva JGS, de Paiva EL, Arisseto-Bragotto AP, Pallone JAL. Aluminium in infant foods: toxicology, total content and bioaccessibility. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sadiq NW, Beauchemin D. Multi-elemental risk assessment of various baby rice cereals: some cause for concern? CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study used batch and online methods to accurately determine how much arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) can be leached from baby rice cereals into a baby’s body. Speciation analysis of the saliva and gastric juice leachates was conducted to further assess the risk associated with the continued consumption of baby rice cereal for infants. A simple 15 min chromatographic analysis successfully separated eight species consisting of As(III), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI). Given that 95%–100% As, 29%–100% Cr, 62%–100% Pb, 70%–100% Se, 63%–100% Cd, 36%–100% Cu, 67%–100% Fe, and 70%–100% Zn were bio-accessible and the speciation analysis results showed all bio-accessible As and Se to be in the forms of As(V) and Se(VI) and 70%–100% of Cr to be in the Cr(III) form, a variety of foods should be fed to infants rather than just baby rice cereal to ensure a well-balanced diet and less exposure to As at such a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen W. Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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12
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Hackethal C, Kopp JF, Sarvan I, Schwerdtle T, Lindtner O. Total arsenic and water-soluble arsenic species in foods of the first German total diet study (BfR MEAL Study). Food Chem 2021; 346:128913. [PMID: 33418406 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic can occur in foods as inorganic and organic forms. Inorganic arsenic is more toxic than most water-soluble organic arsenic compounds such as arsenobetaine, which is presumed to be harmless for humans. Within the first German total diet study, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid were analyzed in various foods. Highest levels of total arsenic were found in fish, fish products and seafood (mean: 1.43 mg kg-1; n = 39; min-max: 0.01-6.15 mg kg-1), with arsenobetaine confirmed as the predominant arsenic species (1.233 mg kg-1; n = 39; min-max: 0.01-6.23 mg kg-1). In contrast, inorganic arsenic was determined as prevalent arsenic species in terrestrial foods (0.02 mg kg-1; n = 38; min-max: 0-0.11 mg kg-1). However, the toxicity of arsenic species varies and measurements are necessary to gain information about the composition and changes of arsenic species in foods due to household processing of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Hackethal
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Irmela Sarvan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Guérin T, Massanyi P, Van Loveren H, Baert K, Gergelova P, Nielsen E. Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06268. [PMID: 33193868 PMCID: PMC7643711 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its previous Opinion on nickel in food and drinking water, taking into account new occurrence data, the updated benchmark dose (BMD) Guidance and newly available scientific information. More than 47,000 analytical results on the occurrence of nickel were used for calculating chronic and acute dietary exposure. An increased incidence of post-implantation loss in rats was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of chronic oral exposure and a BMDL 10 of 1.3 mg Ni/kg body weight (bw) per day was selected as the reference point for the establishment of a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw. Eczematous flare-up reactions in the skin elicited in nickel-sensitised humans, a condition known as systemic contact dermatitis, was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of acute oral exposure. A BMDL could not be derived, and therefore, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level of 4.3 μg Ni/kg bw was selected as the reference point. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied and an MOE of 30 or higher was considered as being indicative of a low health concern. The mean lower bound (LB)/upper bound (UB) chronic dietary exposure was below or at the level of the TDI. The 95th percentile LB/UB chronic dietary exposure was below the TDI in adolescents and in all adult age groups, but generally exceeded the TDI in toddlers and in other children, as well as in infants in some surveys. This may raise a health concern in these young age groups. The MOE values for the mean UB acute dietary exposure and for the 95th percentile UB raises a health concern for nickel-sensitised individuals. The MOE values for an acute scenario regarding consumption of a glass of water on an empty stomach do not raise a health concern.
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de Paiva EL, Medeiros C, Andrekowisk Fioravanti MI, Milani RF, Morgano MA, Lima Pallone JA, Arisseto-Bragotto AP. Aluminium in infant foods: Total content, effect of in vitro digestion on bioaccessible fraction and preliminary exposure assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maddela NR, Kakarla D, García LC, Chakraborty S, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Cocoa-laden cadmium threatens human health and cacao economy: A critical view. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137645. [PMID: 32146410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, Cd burden in cocoa-based products threatened global food safety, human health and the future of chocolateries. Increased Cd bioavailability is an acute problem in cacao-based horticulture. Poverty, poor maintenance, unjustified traditional farming, and paucity of knowledge on Cd-binding propensity in cacao discourage the application of risk-mitigation measures. Progressive accumulation of Cd, with a half-life of 10-30 years, in the human body even at ultra-trace levels may lead to serious health complications. If Cd accumulates in the food chain through cocoa products, consequences in children, who are the primary consumers of chocolates, include morbidity and mortality that may result in a significant demographic transition by the year 2050. Developing cacao clones with an innate capability of taking up low Cd levels from soils, and site-specific Cd-cacao research might contribute to limiting the trophic transfer of Cd. This review highlights the possible routes for Cd uptake in cacao plants and discusses the measures to rescue the chocolateries from Cd pollution to promote "healthy" cacao farming. The potential human health risks of chocolate-laden Cd and mitigation strategies to minimize Cd burden in the human body are also presented. The challenges and prospects in Cd-cacao research are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador; Facultad la Ciencias la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Dhatri Kakarla
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luz Cecilia García
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador; Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Sagnik Chakraborty
- Hebei University of Technology, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beichen, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Vaccher V, Ingenbleek L, Adegboye A, Hossou SE, Koné AZ, Oyedele AD, Kisito CSKJ, Dembélé YK, Hu R, Adbel Malak I, Cariou R, Vénisseau A, Veyrand B, Marchand P, Eyangoh S, Verger P, Dervilly-Pinel G, Leblanc JC, Le Bizec B. Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in foods from the first regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105413. [PMID: 31881431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a multi-centre Total Diet Study was carried out in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria. We collected and prepared as consumed 528 typical fatty foods from those areas and pooled these subsamples into 44 composites samples. These core foods were tested for a wide spectrum of POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame-retardants (BFRs), organochlorine compounds (OCs), perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) and chlorinated flame retardants (CFRs). The POPs contamination levels were similar or lower than those reported in total diet studies previously conducted worldwide. In most cases, core foods belonging to fish food group presented higher POPs concentrations than the other food groups. Interestingly, we observed a difference in both contamination profile and concentration for smoked fish compared to non-smoked fish. Such finding suggests that the smoking process itself might account for a large proportion of the contamination. Further investigation would require the assessment of combustion materials used to smoke fish as a potential vehicle, which may contribute to the dietary exposure of the studied populations to POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Ingenbleek
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, F-44307 Nantes, France; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC), Yaoundé BP1274, Cameroon
| | - Abimobola Adegboye
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja 900288, Nigeria.
| | | | - Abdoulaye Zié Koné
- Agence Nationale de la Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (ANSSA), Bamako BP 2362, Mali
| | - Awoyinka Dada Oyedele
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja 900288, Nigeria.
| | - Chabi Sika K J Kisito
- Laboratoire Central de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (LCSSA), Cotonou BP 6874, Benin
| | | | - Reinwei Hu
- Inovalys, Official Laboratory of Analysis, Le Mans, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Eyangoh
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC), Yaoundé BP1274, Cameroon.
| | | | | | - Jean-Charles Leblanc
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy.
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Determination of trace inorganic antimony in PET-bottled soy sauce by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hulin M, Sirot V, Jean J, Héral V, Traore T, Mahé A, Vin K, Rivière G. Étude française de l’alimentation totale infantile: principaux résultats et recommandations. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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de Paiva EL, Milani RF, Morgano MA, Arisseto-Bragotto AP. Aluminum in infant formulas commercialized in Brazil: Occurrence and exposure assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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